WEBVTT

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>> WELCOME TO "WEDU QUEST."

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I'M DR. SHANNON McQUAIG.

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SCIENTISTS HAVE MADE GREAT

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STRIDES IN DEVELOPING DRUGS TO

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FIGHT CANCER.

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HOWEVER, MANY CANCERS BECOME

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RESISTANT TO DRUG THERAPIES.

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DR. ALEXANDER ANDERSON IS A

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MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGIST WHO SPENT

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12 YEARS STUDYING MATHEMATICAL

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MODELS IN CANCER AT THE

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UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE IN

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SCOTLAND.

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>> I MOVED MY WHOLE GROUP, MY

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FAMILY, TO MOFFITT BECAUSE I

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REALLY BELIEVED IN THE POWER OF

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INTEGRATION.

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TO BE INSIDE THE CANCER CENTER

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MEANT I WAS GOING TO BE WITH THE

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BIOLOGISTS AND THE CLINICIANS

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THAT I WANTED TO COLLABORATE

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WITH.

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AND I THOUGHT THAT AS A TRULY

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INTEGRATED DEPARTMENT WOULD

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DRIVE THE UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT

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MATHEMATICAL MODELS COULD DO FOR

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CANCER RESEARCH.

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>>Narrator: DR. ANDERSON'S TEAM

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OF PHYSICISTS, COMPUTER

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SCIENTISTS AND MATHEMATICIANS

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HAVE WORKED WITH CLINICAL AND

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RESEARCH ONCOLOGISTS AT THE

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MOFFITT CANCER CENTER IN TAMPA

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FOR THE PAST EIGHT YEARS.

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>> THIS KIND OF TEAM SCIENCE

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PERSPECTIVE OR INTEGRATIVE

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PERSPECTIVE I BELIEVE IS REALLY

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THE FUTURE OF SCIENCE IN

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GENERAL.

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I THINK IT'S PARTICULARLY THE

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FUTURE OF HOW WE'RE GOING TO

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MANAGE AND TREAT CANCER.

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>>Narrator: CANCER'S RESISTANCE

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TO CERTAIN THERAPIES HAVE KEPT

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RESEARCHERS AND CLINICIANS FROM

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BEING ABLE TO ERADICATE THE

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DISEASE.

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>> MY PRIMARY INTEREST IS IN HOW

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CANCERS EVOLVE, HOW YOU GO IN

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THE TRANSITION FROM NORMAL TO

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CANCER, AND THEN HOW CANCER

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CELLS EVOLVE RESISTANCE WHEN YOU

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GIVE THERAPY TO THEM.

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>>Narrator: FOR 50 YEARS,

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ONCOLOGISTS HAVE BLASTED TUMORS

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WITH AS MAXIMUM A DOSE AS

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POSSIBLE.

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>> WHAT YOU THEN GET IS A

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PHENOMENON CALLED COMPETITIVE

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RELEASE, WHICH MEANS THAT YOU'RE

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KILLING ALL THE CELLS EXCEPT THE

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ONES THAT ARE RESISTANT AND

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WE'RE REMOVING ALL OF THEIR

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COMPETITORS.

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>> THIS LEFT THE RESISTANT CELLS

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TO GROW UNABATED AS IF IT HAD

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MAGICAL POWERS.

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>> IT'S JUST A POPULATION THAT

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EVOLVES.

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IT'S NOT -- THERE'S NOTHING EVIL

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ABOUT IT.

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THERE'S NOTHING ABOUT IT THAT'S

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MAGIC.

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IT'S SIMPLY OBEYING THE RULES OF

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LIVING SYSTEMS THAT ALL LIVING

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SYSTEMS OBEY, WHICH MEANS WE CAN

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UNDERSTAND IT AND WE CAN

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MANIPULATE IT.

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>>Narrator: THROUGH MATHEMATICAL

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MODELING, SCIENTISTS CAN NOW

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DEVELOP WAYS TO PREDICT THE

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GROWTH OF A TUMOR.

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>> WE HAVE NORMAL CELLS IN THE

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BACKGROUND.

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THEY ARE IN GRAY.

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WE HAVE THE TUMOR IN THE MIDDLE

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IN GREEN, AND THEN THESE ARE A

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LOT OF WHITE BLOOD VESSELS.

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WHAT WE'RE INTERESTED IN

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UNDERSTANDING IS HOW DOES THAT

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TUMOR GROW AND INVADE INTO THIS

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TISSUE AND EVOLVE.

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SO I'M GOING TO SHOW YOU A

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LITTLE MOVIE HERE THAT SHOWS THE

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EVOLUTION OF THE CANCER.

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WHAT YOU SEE IS INITIALLY IT

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BECOMES A LITTLE BIT MORE ACIDIC

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AS RESISTANT, AND YOU HAVE THIS

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GREEN RIM OF THESE KIND OF

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METABOLIC NORMAL CELLS.

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BUT INSIDE WHERE IT IS STARVED

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OF OXYGEN, THERE ARE THESE

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PURPLISH CELLS.

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EVENTUALLY SOME OF THOSE

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PURPLE-PINK CELLS BREACH THAT

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NICE METABOLIC BOUNDARY AND

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RAPIDLY INVADE THE SURROUNDING

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TISSUE.

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>>Narrator: ANDERSON AND GATENBY

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HAVE WORKED WITH THE ONCOLOGISTS

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AT MOFFITT TO CREATE NEW

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STRATEGIES FOR FIGHTING CANCER.

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>> INSTEAD OF TRYING TO KILL ALL

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THE CANCER CELLS WHEN YOU KNOW

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YOU CAN'T DO THAT, THEN THE GOAL

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IS TO MANAGE IT.

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SO IN THE PATIENTS WHAT WE TRY

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TO DO IS TO KEEP THEIR CANCER

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UNDER CONTROL, NOT USING THE

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MAXIMUM DOSE POSSIBLE, BUT THE

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MINIMUM DOSE NECESSARY.

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WHAT WE THEN DO IS WE TEND TO

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USE EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS TO

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CONTROL THE TUMOR RATHER THAN

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LETTING THEM USE THE TUMOR TO

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USE EVOLUTION TO BEAT OUR

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THERAPY.

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>>Narrator: DEVELOPING NEW

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RESEARCH AND TREATMENT PLANS

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DIDN'T COME EASY FOR THE TEAM.

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>> IT TOOK A WHILE FOR THE

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MATHEMATICIANS TO BECOME

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GROUNDED IN THE REALITY OF

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BIOLOGY.

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IT LOOK A LONG TIME FOR THE

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BIOLOGIST AND ONCOLOGIST TO

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RECOGNIZE THAT THE

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MATHEMATICIANS WERE OFFERING

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THEM INSIGHTS THEY WOULDN'T GET

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OTHERWISE.

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IN THE END, OUT OF IT COMES WHAT

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SEEMS LIKE A FEASIBLE TRIAL THAT

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YOU COULD TRY.

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AND THEN IT'S VERY SCARY TO

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START SEEING PATIENTS BEING

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TREATED NOT ENTIRELY KNOWING

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WHAT'S GOING TO HAPPEN.

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>>Narrator: ONE OF THOSE

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PATIENTS FOR THE CLINICAL TRIAL

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IS ROBERT BUTLER.

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HE WAS FIRST DIAGNOSED WITH

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PROSTATE CANCER IN 2008.

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>> I CAME ALONG TO THE MOFFITT,

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AND I HAD EIGHT WEEKS OF

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RADIATION TREATMENT.

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>>Narrator: AND IN 2016, ROBERT

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BECAME A CANDIDATE FOR THE NEW

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TRIAL ON MANAGING CANCER IN HIS

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BODY.

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HE'S RECEIVED THREE ROUNDS OF

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TREATMENT OVER THE PAST YEAR.

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>> SO, CLEARLY, IF YOU ONLY SHOW

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THESE CANCER CELLS ONCE IN A

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WHILE INSTEAD OF CONTINUOUSLY,

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IT SEEMS TO THE LAYMAN THAT IT

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SEEMS A PRETTY GOOD IDEA TO AT

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LEAST DELAY THE CANCER CELLS

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FROM SEEING THAT THIS IS A

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DEADLY THING AND HOW TO COMBAT

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IT.

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SO I WAS VERY PLEASED TO GO IN

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IT.

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THERE WAS NEVER ANY DOUBT THAT I

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WOULD DO SO.

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>>Narrator: BECAUSE OF THE

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COMPLEX NATURE OF CANCER, MATH

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HAS BEEN SHOWN TO BE A CRITICAL

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TOOL IN MANAGING ITS TREATMENT.

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>> ONE OF THE KEY FEATURES OF

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MATHEMATICS IS THAT WITH GREAT

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SIMPLICITY YOU CAN PRODUCE

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AMAZING COMPLEXITY.

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SO THAT ABILITY OF MATHEMATICS

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IS SOMETHING, I THINK, THAT IS

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NOT WELL UNDERSTOOD BUT IT'S

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SOMETHING THAT WE SHOULD REALLY

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CHERISH AND BE PROUD OF.

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>> I'M VERY SENSITIVE TO TRYING

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TO DO THE BEST WITH PATIENTS.

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I'M ALWAYS AMAZED BY HOW

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REMARKABLE THEY ARE.

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SO I'M HAPPY TO BE ABLE TO MAKE

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WHATEVER CONTRIBUTION I CAN.

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>> AND I SEE THAT REALLY I

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BELIEVE AND ONE OF THE REASONS

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WHY I CAME TO MOFFITT IS I THINK

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THAT'S THE FUTURE OF HOW WE'RE

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GOING TO TREAT CANCER.

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WE'RE GOING TO HAVE A

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MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR EVERY

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PATIENT'S CANCER.

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AND THAT WOULD BE HOW WE DECIDE

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WHAT TO TREAT, WHEN TO TREAT,

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AND HOW LONG THE TREATMENT

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SHOULD BE.

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[ MUSIC ]

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>> QUEST FOR KNOWLEDGE AT

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MOFFITT.ORG.