1 00:00:01,042 --> 00:00:02,876 >> WELCOME TO "WEDU QUEST." 2 00:00:02,876 --> 00:00:04,792 I'M DR. SHANNON McQUAIG. 3 00:00:04,792 --> 00:00:05,999 SCIENTISTS HAVE MADE GREAT 4 00:00:05,999 --> 00:00:06,999 STRIDES IN DEVELOPING DRUGS TO 5 00:00:06,999 --> 00:00:08,584 FIGHT CANCER. 6 00:00:08,584 --> 00:00:09,918 HOWEVER, MANY CANCERS BECOME 7 00:00:09,918 --> 00:00:13,751 RESISTANT TO DRUG THERAPIES. 8 00:00:13,751 --> 00:00:15,667 DR. ALEXANDER ANDERSON IS A 9 00:00:15,667 --> 00:00:18,042 MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGIST WHO SPENT 10 00:00:18,042 --> 00:00:19,876 12 YEARS STUDYING MATHEMATICAL 11 00:00:19,876 --> 00:00:21,999 MODELS IN CANCER AT THE 12 00:00:21,999 --> 00:00:22,876 UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE IN 13 00:00:22,876 --> 00:00:24,918 SCOTLAND. 14 00:00:24,918 --> 00:00:26,417 >> I MOVED MY WHOLE GROUP, MY 15 00:00:26,417 --> 00:00:29,709 FAMILY, TO MOFFITT BECAUSE I 16 00:00:29,709 --> 00:00:30,999 REALLY BELIEVED IN THE POWER OF 17 00:00:30,999 --> 00:00:32,250 INTEGRATION. 18 00:00:32,250 --> 00:00:34,584 TO BE INSIDE THE CANCER CENTER 19 00:00:34,584 --> 00:00:35,999 MEANT I WAS GOING TO BE WITH THE 20 00:00:35,999 --> 00:00:37,667 BIOLOGISTS AND THE CLINICIANS 21 00:00:37,667 --> 00:00:38,667 THAT I WANTED TO COLLABORATE 22 00:00:38,667 --> 00:00:39,626 WITH. 23 00:00:39,626 --> 00:00:43,167 AND I THOUGHT THAT AS A TRULY 24 00:00:43,167 --> 00:00:45,999 INTEGRATED DEPARTMENT WOULD 25 00:00:45,999 --> 00:00:48,459 DRIVE THE UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT 26 00:00:48,459 --> 00:00:49,667 MATHEMATICAL MODELS COULD DO FOR 27 00:00:49,667 --> 00:00:52,292 CANCER RESEARCH. 28 00:00:52,292 --> 00:00:54,000 >>Narrator: DR. ANDERSON'S TEAM 29 00:00:54,000 --> 00:00:55,375 OF PHYSICISTS, COMPUTER 30 00:00:55,375 --> 00:00:57,334 SCIENTISTS AND MATHEMATICIANS 31 00:00:57,334 --> 00:00:58,751 HAVE WORKED WITH CLINICAL AND 32 00:00:58,751 --> 00:01:00,292 RESEARCH ONCOLOGISTS AT THE 33 00:01:00,292 --> 00:01:01,959 MOFFITT CANCER CENTER IN TAMPA 34 00:01:01,959 --> 00:01:03,792 FOR THE PAST EIGHT YEARS. 35 00:01:03,792 --> 00:01:06,250 >> THIS KIND OF TEAM SCIENCE 36 00:01:06,250 --> 00:01:08,125 PERSPECTIVE OR INTEGRATIVE 37 00:01:08,125 --> 00:01:09,626 PERSPECTIVE I BELIEVE IS REALLY 38 00:01:09,626 --> 00:01:11,167 THE FUTURE OF SCIENCE IN 39 00:01:11,167 --> 00:01:12,999 GENERAL. 40 00:01:12,999 --> 00:01:13,999 I THINK IT'S PARTICULARLY THE 41 00:01:13,999 --> 00:01:15,834 FUTURE OF HOW WE'RE GOING TO 42 00:01:15,834 --> 00:01:17,667 MANAGE AND TREAT CANCER. 43 00:01:17,667 --> 00:01:19,375 >>Narrator: CANCER'S RESISTANCE 44 00:01:19,375 --> 00:01:20,999 TO CERTAIN THERAPIES HAVE KEPT 45 00:01:20,999 --> 00:01:22,709 RESEARCHERS AND CLINICIANS FROM 46 00:01:22,709 --> 00:01:23,792 BEING ABLE TO ERADICATE THE 47 00:01:23,792 --> 00:01:25,999 DISEASE. 48 00:01:25,999 --> 00:01:29,000 >> MY PRIMARY INTEREST IS IN HOW 49 00:01:29,000 --> 00:01:33,876 CANCERS EVOLVE, HOW YOU GO IN 50 00:01:33,876 --> 00:01:35,250 THE TRANSITION FROM NORMAL TO 51 00:01:35,250 --> 00:01:39,125 CANCER, AND THEN HOW CANCER 52 00:01:39,125 --> 00:01:40,459 CELLS EVOLVE RESISTANCE WHEN YOU 53 00:01:40,459 --> 00:01:42,876 GIVE THERAPY TO THEM. 54 00:01:42,876 --> 00:01:44,292 >>Narrator: FOR 50 YEARS, 55 00:01:44,292 --> 00:01:46,459 ONCOLOGISTS HAVE BLASTED TUMORS 56 00:01:46,459 --> 00:01:47,709 WITH AS MAXIMUM A DOSE AS 57 00:01:47,709 --> 00:01:49,083 POSSIBLE. 58 00:01:49,083 --> 00:01:52,792 >> WHAT YOU THEN GET IS A 59 00:01:52,792 --> 00:01:54,042 PHENOMENON CALLED COMPETITIVE 60 00:01:54,042 --> 00:01:55,999 RELEASE, WHICH MEANS THAT YOU'RE 61 00:01:55,999 --> 00:01:57,375 KILLING ALL THE CELLS EXCEPT THE 62 00:01:57,375 --> 00:01:58,999 ONES THAT ARE RESISTANT AND 63 00:01:58,999 --> 00:01:59,999 WE'RE REMOVING ALL OF THEIR 64 00:01:59,999 --> 00:02:01,501 COMPETITORS. 65 00:02:01,501 --> 00:02:03,292 >> THIS LEFT THE RESISTANT CELLS 66 00:02:03,292 --> 00:02:05,667 TO GROW UNABATED AS IF IT HAD 67 00:02:05,667 --> 00:02:08,959 MAGICAL POWERS. 68 00:02:08,959 --> 00:02:09,792 >> IT'S JUST A POPULATION THAT 69 00:02:09,792 --> 00:02:10,999 EVOLVES. 70 00:02:10,999 --> 00:02:11,834 IT'S NOT -- THERE'S NOTHING EVIL 71 00:02:11,834 --> 00:02:12,834 ABOUT IT. 72 00:02:12,834 --> 00:02:13,542 THERE'S NOTHING ABOUT IT THAT'S 73 00:02:13,542 --> 00:02:15,000 MAGIC. 74 00:02:15,000 --> 00:02:16,751 IT'S SIMPLY OBEYING THE RULES OF 75 00:02:16,751 --> 00:02:18,459 LIVING SYSTEMS THAT ALL LIVING 76 00:02:18,459 --> 00:02:20,250 SYSTEMS OBEY, WHICH MEANS WE CAN 77 00:02:20,250 --> 00:02:21,959 UNDERSTAND IT AND WE CAN 78 00:02:21,959 --> 00:02:23,792 MANIPULATE IT. 79 00:02:27,000 --> 00:02:28,459 >>Narrator: THROUGH MATHEMATICAL 80 00:02:28,459 --> 00:02:30,083 MODELING, SCIENTISTS CAN NOW 81 00:02:30,083 --> 00:02:31,542 DEVELOP WAYS TO PREDICT THE 82 00:02:31,542 --> 00:02:33,999 GROWTH OF A TUMOR. 83 00:02:33,999 --> 00:02:35,083 >> WE HAVE NORMAL CELLS IN THE 84 00:02:35,083 --> 00:02:36,125 BACKGROUND. 85 00:02:36,125 --> 00:02:37,876 THEY ARE IN GRAY. 86 00:02:37,876 --> 00:02:39,375 WE HAVE THE TUMOR IN THE MIDDLE 87 00:02:39,375 --> 00:02:40,999 IN GREEN, AND THEN THESE ARE A 88 00:02:40,999 --> 00:02:41,999 LOT OF WHITE BLOOD VESSELS. 89 00:02:41,999 --> 00:02:42,999 WHAT WE'RE INTERESTED IN 90 00:02:42,999 --> 00:02:44,667 UNDERSTANDING IS HOW DOES THAT 91 00:02:44,667 --> 00:02:46,667 TUMOR GROW AND INVADE INTO THIS 92 00:02:46,667 --> 00:02:48,999 TISSUE AND EVOLVE. 93 00:02:48,999 --> 00:02:50,501 SO I'M GOING TO SHOW YOU A 94 00:02:50,501 --> 00:02:51,999 LITTLE MOVIE HERE THAT SHOWS THE 95 00:02:51,999 --> 00:02:53,459 EVOLUTION OF THE CANCER. 96 00:02:53,459 --> 00:02:54,999 WHAT YOU SEE IS INITIALLY IT 97 00:02:54,999 --> 00:02:57,999 BECOMES A LITTLE BIT MORE ACIDIC 98 00:02:57,999 --> 00:02:59,375 AS RESISTANT, AND YOU HAVE THIS 99 00:02:59,375 --> 00:03:00,626 GREEN RIM OF THESE KIND OF 100 00:03:00,626 --> 00:03:02,083 METABOLIC NORMAL CELLS. 101 00:03:02,083 --> 00:03:03,999 BUT INSIDE WHERE IT IS STARVED 102 00:03:03,999 --> 00:03:04,999 OF OXYGEN, THERE ARE THESE 103 00:03:04,999 --> 00:03:06,876 PURPLISH CELLS. 104 00:03:06,876 --> 00:03:08,250 EVENTUALLY SOME OF THOSE 105 00:03:08,250 --> 00:03:09,999 PURPLE-PINK CELLS BREACH THAT 106 00:03:09,999 --> 00:03:11,999 NICE METABOLIC BOUNDARY AND 107 00:03:11,999 --> 00:03:12,999 RAPIDLY INVADE THE SURROUNDING 108 00:03:12,999 --> 00:03:16,542 TISSUE. 109 00:03:16,542 --> 00:03:18,125 >>Narrator: ANDERSON AND GATENBY 110 00:03:18,125 --> 00:03:19,459 HAVE WORKED WITH THE ONCOLOGISTS 111 00:03:19,459 --> 00:03:21,125 AT MOFFITT TO CREATE NEW 112 00:03:21,125 --> 00:03:23,876 STRATEGIES FOR FIGHTING CANCER. 113 00:03:23,876 --> 00:03:25,999 >> INSTEAD OF TRYING TO KILL ALL 114 00:03:25,999 --> 00:03:27,083 THE CANCER CELLS WHEN YOU KNOW 115 00:03:27,083 --> 00:03:28,542 YOU CAN'T DO THAT, THEN THE GOAL 116 00:03:28,542 --> 00:03:30,542 IS TO MANAGE IT. 117 00:03:30,542 --> 00:03:31,959 SO IN THE PATIENTS WHAT WE TRY 118 00:03:31,959 --> 00:03:34,000 TO DO IS TO KEEP THEIR CANCER 119 00:03:34,000 --> 00:03:35,999 UNDER CONTROL, NOT USING THE 120 00:03:35,999 --> 00:03:37,667 MAXIMUM DOSE POSSIBLE, BUT THE 121 00:03:37,667 --> 00:03:39,959 MINIMUM DOSE NECESSARY. 122 00:03:39,959 --> 00:03:42,999 WHAT WE THEN DO IS WE TEND TO 123 00:03:42,999 --> 00:03:44,834 USE EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS TO 124 00:03:44,834 --> 00:03:46,000 CONTROL THE TUMOR RATHER THAN 125 00:03:46,000 --> 00:03:48,125 LETTING THEM USE THE TUMOR TO 126 00:03:48,125 --> 00:03:49,292 USE EVOLUTION TO BEAT OUR 127 00:03:49,292 --> 00:03:50,417 THERAPY. 128 00:03:50,417 --> 00:03:51,542 >>Narrator: DEVELOPING NEW 129 00:03:51,542 --> 00:03:52,999 RESEARCH AND TREATMENT PLANS 130 00:03:52,999 --> 00:03:54,999 DIDN'T COME EASY FOR THE TEAM. 131 00:03:54,999 --> 00:03:56,999 >> IT TOOK A WHILE FOR THE 132 00:03:56,999 --> 00:03:57,999 MATHEMATICIANS TO BECOME 133 00:03:57,999 --> 00:03:58,999 GROUNDED IN THE REALITY OF 134 00:03:58,999 --> 00:04:00,250 BIOLOGY. 135 00:04:00,250 --> 00:04:03,292 IT LOOK A LONG TIME FOR THE 136 00:04:03,292 --> 00:04:06,000 BIOLOGIST AND ONCOLOGIST TO 137 00:04:06,000 --> 00:04:07,999 RECOGNIZE THAT THE 138 00:04:07,999 --> 00:04:10,042 MATHEMATICIANS WERE OFFERING 139 00:04:10,042 --> 00:04:11,626 THEM INSIGHTS THEY WOULDN'T GET 140 00:04:11,626 --> 00:04:13,999 OTHERWISE. 141 00:04:13,999 --> 00:04:17,209 IN THE END, OUT OF IT COMES WHAT 142 00:04:17,209 --> 00:04:18,667 SEEMS LIKE A FEASIBLE TRIAL THAT 143 00:04:18,667 --> 00:04:21,083 YOU COULD TRY. 144 00:04:21,083 --> 00:04:22,959 AND THEN IT'S VERY SCARY TO 145 00:04:22,959 --> 00:04:24,667 START SEEING PATIENTS BEING 146 00:04:24,667 --> 00:04:27,083 TREATED NOT ENTIRELY KNOWING 147 00:04:27,083 --> 00:04:30,042 WHAT'S GOING TO HAPPEN. 148 00:04:30,042 --> 00:04:31,501 >>Narrator: ONE OF THOSE 149 00:04:31,501 --> 00:04:32,834 PATIENTS FOR THE CLINICAL TRIAL 150 00:04:32,834 --> 00:04:34,375 IS ROBERT BUTLER. 151 00:04:34,375 --> 00:04:35,334 HE WAS FIRST DIAGNOSED WITH 152 00:04:35,334 --> 00:04:38,375 PROSTATE CANCER IN 2008. 153 00:04:38,375 --> 00:04:39,999 >> I CAME ALONG TO THE MOFFITT, 154 00:04:39,999 --> 00:04:42,542 AND I HAD EIGHT WEEKS OF 155 00:04:42,542 --> 00:04:45,709 RADIATION TREATMENT. 156 00:04:45,709 --> 00:04:48,459 >>Narrator: AND IN 2016, ROBERT 157 00:04:48,459 --> 00:04:49,959 BECAME A CANDIDATE FOR THE NEW 158 00:04:49,959 --> 00:04:50,918 TRIAL ON MANAGING CANCER IN HIS 159 00:04:50,918 --> 00:04:52,167 BODY. 160 00:04:52,167 --> 00:04:53,999 HE'S RECEIVED THREE ROUNDS OF 161 00:04:53,999 --> 00:04:56,042 TREATMENT OVER THE PAST YEAR. 162 00:04:56,042 --> 00:04:58,292 >> SO, CLEARLY, IF YOU ONLY SHOW 163 00:04:58,292 --> 00:05:00,417 THESE CANCER CELLS ONCE IN A 164 00:05:00,417 --> 00:05:04,751 WHILE INSTEAD OF CONTINUOUSLY, 165 00:05:04,751 --> 00:05:06,584 IT SEEMS TO THE LAYMAN THAT IT 166 00:05:06,584 --> 00:05:09,459 SEEMS A PRETTY GOOD IDEA TO AT 167 00:05:09,459 --> 00:05:13,626 LEAST DELAY THE CANCER CELLS 168 00:05:13,626 --> 00:05:16,459 FROM SEEING THAT THIS IS A 169 00:05:16,459 --> 00:05:19,042 DEADLY THING AND HOW TO COMBAT 170 00:05:19,042 --> 00:05:20,000 IT. 171 00:05:20,000 --> 00:05:20,999 SO I WAS VERY PLEASED TO GO IN 172 00:05:20,999 --> 00:05:22,042 IT. 173 00:05:22,042 --> 00:05:22,999 THERE WAS NEVER ANY DOUBT THAT I 174 00:05:22,999 --> 00:05:24,209 WOULD DO SO. 175 00:05:24,209 --> 00:05:25,209 >>Narrator: BECAUSE OF THE 176 00:05:25,209 --> 00:05:27,501 COMPLEX NATURE OF CANCER, MATH 177 00:05:27,501 --> 00:05:29,459 HAS BEEN SHOWN TO BE A CRITICAL 178 00:05:29,459 --> 00:05:31,959 TOOL IN MANAGING ITS TREATMENT. 179 00:05:31,959 --> 00:05:33,501 >> ONE OF THE KEY FEATURES OF 180 00:05:33,501 --> 00:05:35,834 MATHEMATICS IS THAT WITH GREAT 181 00:05:35,834 --> 00:05:37,375 SIMPLICITY YOU CAN PRODUCE 182 00:05:37,375 --> 00:05:40,459 AMAZING COMPLEXITY. 183 00:05:40,459 --> 00:05:42,417 SO THAT ABILITY OF MATHEMATICS 184 00:05:42,417 --> 00:05:45,292 IS SOMETHING, I THINK, THAT IS 185 00:05:45,292 --> 00:05:47,209 NOT WELL UNDERSTOOD BUT IT'S 186 00:05:47,209 --> 00:05:49,667 SOMETHING THAT WE SHOULD REALLY 187 00:05:49,667 --> 00:05:52,834 CHERISH AND BE PROUD OF. 188 00:05:52,834 --> 00:05:57,209 >> I'M VERY SENSITIVE TO TRYING 189 00:05:57,209 --> 00:05:59,584 TO DO THE BEST WITH PATIENTS. 190 00:05:59,584 --> 00:06:01,792 I'M ALWAYS AMAZED BY HOW 191 00:06:01,792 --> 00:06:04,375 REMARKABLE THEY ARE. 192 00:06:04,375 --> 00:06:05,959 SO I'M HAPPY TO BE ABLE TO MAKE 193 00:06:05,959 --> 00:06:08,334 WHATEVER CONTRIBUTION I CAN. 194 00:06:08,334 --> 00:06:10,000 >> AND I SEE THAT REALLY I 195 00:06:10,000 --> 00:06:11,584 BELIEVE AND ONE OF THE REASONS 196 00:06:11,584 --> 00:06:13,501 WHY I CAME TO MOFFITT IS I THINK 197 00:06:13,501 --> 00:06:15,167 THAT'S THE FUTURE OF HOW WE'RE 198 00:06:15,167 --> 00:06:16,959 GOING TO TREAT CANCER. 199 00:06:16,959 --> 00:06:18,334 WE'RE GOING TO HAVE A 200 00:06:18,334 --> 00:06:20,709 MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR EVERY 201 00:06:20,709 --> 00:06:22,999 PATIENT'S CANCER. 202 00:06:22,999 --> 00:06:25,626 AND THAT WOULD BE HOW WE DECIDE 203 00:06:25,626 --> 00:06:27,000 WHAT TO TREAT, WHEN TO TREAT, 204 00:06:27,000 --> 00:06:27,999 AND HOW LONG THE TREATMENT 205 00:06:27,999 --> 00:06:30,167 SHOULD BE. 206 00:06:31,292 --> 00:06:33,209 [ MUSIC ] 207 00:06:34,834 --> 00:06:35,709 >> QUEST FOR KNOWLEDGE AT 208 00:06:35,709 --> 00:06:37,626 MOFFITT.ORG.