WEBVTT 00:00.367 --> 00:01.234 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> RIGHT NOW ON THE SEASON 00:01.234 --> 00:02.936 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PREMIER OF "SCITECH NOW..." 00:02.936 --> 00:03.937 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SCIENTISTS AT SYRACUSE 00:03.937 --> 00:04.838 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% UNIVERSITY ARE DEVELOPING A NEW 00:04.838 --> 00:06.539 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BAND AID, ONE THAT ADAPTS TO 00:06.539 --> 00:09.342 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOUR INJURY AS YOU HEAL. 00:09.342 --> 00:11.244 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> PART OF IT IS THE LOVE OF 00:11.244 --> 00:12.645 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SCIENCE AND SOMETHING TO HELP 00:12.645 --> 00:13.546 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PEOPLE LATER. 00:13.546 --> 00:15.749 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> DIVING DEEP TO HELP CORAL 00:15.749 --> 00:16.249 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% REPRODUCE. 00:16.249 --> 00:18.451 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> WE ARE WORKING WITH 00:18.451 --> 00:19.853 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PROFLIGATING AND RESTORATION 00:19.853 --> 00:21.154 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WITH THE ULTIMATE GOAL OF 00:21.154 --> 00:23.757 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HELPING CORAL IN THE WILD TO BE 00:23.757 --> 00:24.657 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SELF SUSTAINING. 00:24.657 --> 00:26.459 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> THEN MAKE A FASHION STATEMENT 00:26.459 --> 00:27.060 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WEARING PLANTS. 00:27.060 --> 00:35.068 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> IT'S TRYING TO SUNLIGHT AND 00:35.068 --> 00:35.268 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WATER. 00:35.268 --> 00:37.270 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> AND CRAZY AS IT SOUNDS, WE'LL 00:37.270 --> 00:37.871 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INTRODUCE YOU TO THE 00:37.871 --> 00:39.572 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ENVIRONMENTAL GROUP THAT IS 00:39.572 --> 00:40.774 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BURNING A FOREST TO SAVE IT. 00:40.774 --> 01:06.499 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% COMING UP NEXT ON "SCITECH NOW." 01:06.499 --> 01:07.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> I'M SIMON PEREZ. 01:07.600 --> 01:10.403 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WELCOME TO "SCITECH," OUR LATEST 01:10.403 --> 01:11.905 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PROGRAM BRINGING YOU THE LATEST 01:11.905 --> 01:14.007 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BREAKTHROUGHS IN SCIENCE, 01:14.007 --> 01:15.508 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION ACROSS 01:15.508 --> 01:17.010 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NEW YORK AND ACROSS THE COUNTRY. 01:17.010 --> 01:17.710 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RESEARCHERS AT SYRACUSE 01:17.710 --> 01:18.711 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% UNIVERSITY HAVE DEVELOPED A 01:18.711 --> 01:19.913 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SUBSTANCE THAT COULD HAVE MAJOR 01:19.913 --> 01:21.214 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTHCARE. 01:21.214 --> 01:24.517 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IMAGINE A BAND-AID THAT CHANGES 01:24.517 --> 01:25.919 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AS YOUR WOUND HEELS. 01:25.919 --> 01:28.421 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LET'S HEAD OVER TO THE S.U. HILL 01:28.421 --> 01:29.722 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO SEE HOW THIS NEW MATERIAL IS 01:29.722 --> 01:33.326 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BEING MADE. 01:33.326 --> 01:35.228 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> YOU HAVE THESE SMART SYSTEMS 01:35.228 --> 01:37.030 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND THIS MATERIAL THAT IS SMART 01:37.030 --> 01:38.531 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ENOUGH TO RESPOND TO THE LIVING 01:38.531 --> 01:45.438 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SYSTEM. 01:45.438 --> 01:46.239 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE WORK WITHIN THE COLLEGE OF 01:46.239 --> 01:48.241 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE 01:48.241 --> 01:49.242 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AT SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY AND ALSO 01:49.242 --> 01:51.344 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WITHIN THE SYRACUSE BIOMATERIALS 01:51.344 --> 01:52.946 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INSTITUTE AND THE BIOMATERIALS 01:52.946 --> 01:54.247 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INSTITUTE IS AN 01:54.247 --> 01:56.749 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INTERDISCIPLINARY INSTITUTE AND 01:56.749 --> 01:58.551 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT HAS A SPECIFIC FOCUS ON 01:58.551 --> 02:04.357 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BIOMATERIALS. 02:04.357 --> 02:06.159 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SHAPE MEMORY POLYMERS ARE 02:06.159 --> 02:07.660 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% POLYMER PLASTICS THAT HAVE THE 02:07.660 --> 02:10.763 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ABILITY TO MEMORIZE ONE'S SHAPE 02:10.763 --> 02:12.265 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND THAT'S USUALLY THE SHAPE YOU 02:12.265 --> 02:15.869 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PREPARE THEM IN AND THEN YOU CAN 02:15.869 --> 02:17.971 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ACTUALLY DEFORM THEM INTO A 02:17.971 --> 02:20.273 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SECOND SHAPE AND LATER TRIGGER 02:20.273 --> 02:21.474 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEM TO RETURN BACK TO THE 02:21.474 --> 02:22.375 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ORIGINAL SHAPE. 02:22.375 --> 02:25.178 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO THERE IS A SHAPE CHANGING 02:25.178 --> 02:25.578 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FUNCTIONALITY. 02:25.578 --> 02:28.381 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE ARE INTERESTED IN DEVELOPING 02:28.381 --> 02:30.383 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THIS FOR BASIC EYE SENSE STUDY 02:30.383 --> 02:32.685 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BUT ALSO FOR THINGS LIKE TISSUE 02:32.685 --> 02:34.287 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE 02:34.287 --> 02:34.387 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MEDICINE. 02:34.387 --> 02:35.588 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE MATERIALS CAN ALSO BE 02:35.588 --> 02:37.290 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DESIGNED TO DELIVER DRUGS OR 02:37.290 --> 02:38.191 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ANTIBIOTICS. 02:38.191 --> 02:40.093 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO THAT WHEN YOU HAVE A 02:40.093 --> 02:41.895 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BIOMEDICAL DEVICE THAT'S BEING 02:41.895 --> 02:43.596 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IMPLANTED FOR WHATEVER REASON, 02:43.596 --> 02:45.598 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOU CAN PREVENT INFECTION AND 02:45.598 --> 02:47.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOU CAN MAYBE STIMULATE THE 02:47.000 --> 02:49.903 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LOCAL CELLS OR TISSUES TO HELP 02:49.903 --> 02:51.504 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HEAL OR HELP ACHIEVE WHATEVER 02:51.504 --> 02:55.909 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE GOAL IS. 02:55.909 --> 02:59.112 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> THIS IS WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE. 02:59.112 --> 03:02.515 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OVER MANY REPEATABLE CYCLES, YOU 03:02.515 --> 03:03.917 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SEE ITS RECOVERY. 03:03.917 --> 03:06.519 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE MARKET OF THE S & Ps, IN 03:06.519 --> 03:08.121 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FACT ALL OF THEM, THAT HAVE BEEN 03:08.121 --> 03:11.224 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IMPROVED FOR BIOMEDICAL 03:11.224 --> 03:13.226 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% APPLICATIONS IN TERMS OF BEING 03:13.226 --> 03:14.661 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IMPLANTED IN THE BODY ARE 03:14.661 --> 03:16.262 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THERMALLY RESPONSIVE OR 03:16.262 --> 03:17.163 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TRIGGERED BY LIGHT. 03:17.163 --> 03:19.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BOTH OF WHICH ARE NON-NATURAL 03:19.966 --> 03:22.769 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% STIMULIZING THE BODY BECAUSE IF 03:22.769 --> 03:24.571 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOU ARE A HEALTHY PERSON, YOUR 03:24.571 --> 03:25.572 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BODY TEMPERATURE STAYS 03:25.572 --> 03:28.775 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CONSISTENT AT 37° CELSIUS AND 03:28.775 --> 03:30.176 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INSIDE OUR BODIES, THE 03:30.176 --> 03:31.578 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ENVIRONMENTS ACTUALLY ARE QUITE 03:31.578 --> 03:31.778 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DARK. 03:31.778 --> 03:34.080 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO ONE THAT I'VE MAINLY FOCUSED 03:34.080 --> 03:39.686 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ON IS A COMPOSITE OF TWO 03:39.686 --> 03:41.087 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MATERIALS WHICH ARE BOTH 03:41.087 --> 03:42.789 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE 03:42.789 --> 03:44.891 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BIOMEDICALS AND WILL ELECTROSPIN 03:44.891 --> 03:47.994 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEM TO FORM THIS FIBER MAT THAT 03:47.994 --> 03:51.598 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IS NOT DISSIMILAR TO THE CLOTH 03:51.598 --> 03:52.599 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOU WOULD SEE IN CLOTHING. 03:52.599 --> 03:54.701 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE FIBERS ARE SO SMALL THAT YOU 03:54.701 --> 03:56.202 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CAN'T SEE THEM BY THE NAKED EYE 03:56.202 --> 03:57.804 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND THE SYSTEM THAT I'M WORKING 03:57.804 --> 03:59.005 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WITH RIGHT NOW WILL ACTUALLY 03:59.005 --> 04:01.407 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CHANGE ITS FIBER CONFIRMATION, 04:01.407 --> 04:05.912 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DEPENDING ON HOW I PROGRAM IT. 04:05.912 --> 04:07.213 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO THIS IS OUR IMAGING SUITE. 04:07.213 --> 04:10.416 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HERE WE LOOK AT EITHER MICRON OR 04:10.416 --> 04:11.918 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NANOFEATURES ON THE MATERIALS 04:11.918 --> 04:17.023 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% USING THE MICROSCOPE OR SCM. 04:17.023 --> 04:18.725 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HERE I'M GOING TO LOOK AT THE 04:18.725 --> 04:21.227 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MICRON FEATURES OF THE FIBER MAT 04:21.227 --> 04:23.029 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WHICH LOOK LIKE A SOLID MATERIAL 04:23.029 --> 04:24.430 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO THE VISUAL EYE BUT IF YOU 04:24.430 --> 04:26.532 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LOOK AT IT ON THE MICRON SCALE, 04:26.532 --> 04:29.535 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT'S ACTUALLY QUITE... WHAT I'M 04:29.535 --> 04:31.738 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LOOKING AT WHEN I'M LOOKING AT 04:31.738 --> 04:33.740 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THESE MATERIALS ON THE MICRON 04:33.740 --> 04:35.141 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SCALE IS I WANT TO SEE CLEAN 04:35.141 --> 04:35.541 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FIBERS. 04:35.541 --> 04:36.743 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOU CAN SEE RIGHT HERE THIS IS A 04:36.743 --> 04:38.645 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LITTLE BIT OF A FUSION. 04:38.645 --> 04:40.546 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND IF I SEE TOO MUCH OF THAT, 04:40.546 --> 04:41.948 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% USUALLY I'LL TOSS THE MATERIAL 04:41.948 --> 04:43.249 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BECAUSE THAT WILL DIRECTLY 04:43.249 --> 04:47.353 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IMPACT THE MECHANICAL 04:47.353 --> 04:47.553 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PROPERTIES. 04:47.553 --> 04:48.655 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PARTICULARLY WITH THESE 04:48.655 --> 04:49.756 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MATERIALS I'M LOOKING FOR 04:49.756 --> 04:51.758 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SOMETHING HIGHLY ORIENTED AND 04:51.758 --> 04:52.659 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CONSISTENT ACROSS THE CIRCLE. 04:52.659 --> 04:55.161 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> AND WE'VE DEVELOPED 04:55.161 --> 04:57.864 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SUBSTRAIGHTS AND VERY THREE 04:57.864 --> 04:59.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DIMENSIONAL SCAFFOLD USING SHAPE 04:59.966 --> 05:01.668 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MEMORY POLYMERS AND BECAUSE OF 05:01.668 --> 05:03.569 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OUR INTEREST IN USING SHAPE 05:03.569 --> 05:05.972 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MEMORY POLYMERS WITH CELLS AND 05:05.972 --> 05:07.874 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TISSUES, THE SUBSTRAIGHTS WE ARE 05:07.874 --> 05:09.575 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% USING TO CULTURE CELLS ON SO WE 05:09.575 --> 05:11.377 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ACTUALLY GROW CELLS LIKE CELLS 05:11.377 --> 05:14.280 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FROM OUR BODY ON THE SUBSTRAIGHT 05:14.280 --> 05:16.382 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND THAT SURFACE OF THE CELLS 05:16.382 --> 05:18.785 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CAN CHANGE SHAPE WHILE THE CELLS 05:18.785 --> 05:20.286 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ARE ON IT AND WE CAN STUDY HOW 05:20.286 --> 05:21.587 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE CELLS RESPOND TO THAT AND WE 05:21.587 --> 05:23.690 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CAN DO THE SAME THING IN THREE 05:23.690 --> 05:24.190 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DIMENSION. 05:24.190 --> 05:28.194 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE CAN HAVE THREE DIMENSIONAL 05:28.194 --> 05:30.096 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SCAFFOLDS MADE OF FIBERS AND 05:30.096 --> 05:34.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AGAIN WE CAN CULTURE CELLS IN OR 05:34.300 --> 05:35.001 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ON THE MATERIALS. 05:35.001 --> 05:39.405 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND WITH THESE IN PARTICULAR, 05:39.405 --> 05:40.707 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BECAUSE THERE IS A TRIGGERING, 05:40.707 --> 05:42.508 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOU NEED TO BE ABLE TO TRIGGER 05:42.508 --> 05:44.610 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE MATERIAL IN A SAFE WAY, 05:44.610 --> 05:44.711 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RIGHT? 05:44.711 --> 05:48.815 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO THAT'S ONE REASON WE DEVELOP 05:48.815 --> 05:50.917 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RESPONSIVE SO THAT WE CAN HAVE 05:50.917 --> 05:52.518 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NATURALLY OCCURRING TRIGGERS IN 05:52.518 --> 05:52.919 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE BODY. 05:52.919 --> 05:54.620 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THERE ARE SOME INTERESTING 05:54.620 --> 05:56.122 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH 05:56.122 --> 05:59.559 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ACTIVATING WITH THEM WHEN 05:59.559 --> 06:00.560 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WORKING WITH THESE PARTICULAR 06:00.560 --> 06:03.062 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MATERIALS. 06:03.062 --> 06:04.464 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO ONCE THE MATERIALS ARE MADE 06:04.464 --> 06:06.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND THEN THEE CULTURED WITH 06:06.966 --> 06:08.568 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CELLS, OVER WE END UP IMAGING 06:08.568 --> 06:13.873 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEM USING OTHER FORMS OF MY 06:13.873 --> 06:15.975 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MICROSCOPY AND THAT ALLOWS US TO 06:15.975 --> 06:18.077 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SEE THE CELLS INTERACTING WITH 06:18.077 --> 06:25.585 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE MATERIALS. 06:25.585 --> 06:26.886 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> ONE OF THE THINGS THAT WE 06:26.886 --> 06:28.988 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FREQUENTLY ARE INTERESTED IN IS 06:28.988 --> 06:31.090 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR OF THE 06:31.090 --> 06:31.290 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CELLS. 06:31.290 --> 06:33.393 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO WE OFTEN TRACK CELLS, 06:33.393 --> 06:35.495 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HUNDREDS OF CELLS OVER THESE 06:35.495 --> 06:37.897 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PERIODS OF HOURS OR DAYS TO 06:37.897 --> 06:39.999 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DETERMINE HOW THE MATERIAL IS 06:39.999 --> 06:44.604 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AFFECTING THE CELL MOTILITY. 06:44.604 --> 06:47.707 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WITH LIVE CELL IMAGING, WE END 06:47.707 --> 06:51.010 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% UP WITH WATCHING THE CELLS MOVE 06:51.010 --> 06:54.213 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OVER TIME AND EACH DOT IS A ONE 06:54.213 --> 06:54.914 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CELL NUCLEUS. 06:54.914 --> 06:57.216 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO WE CAN SEE WHERE THE CELLS GO 06:57.216 --> 06:58.718 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OVER TIME AND WE'VE DEVELOPED 06:58.718 --> 07:00.420 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SOFTWARE IN THE LAB THAT ALLOWS 07:00.420 --> 07:02.622 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% US TO ANALYZE THE TRACKS, THE 07:02.622 --> 07:03.823 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PATTERNS WITH WHICH THE CELLS 07:03.823 --> 07:05.124 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ARE MOVING SO THAT WE CAN TAKE 07:05.124 --> 07:08.227 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HUNDREDS OF CELLS LIKE THIS AND 07:08.227 --> 07:10.530 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ENCAPSULATE FROM THE HUNDREDS OF 07:10.530 --> 07:12.532 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CELLS, PARTICULAR MOTILITY 07:12.532 --> 07:15.134 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PATTERNS AND THAT'S WHAT YOU SEE 07:15.134 --> 07:16.736 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HERE IS THE RAW DATA THAT LETS 07:16.736 --> 07:17.236 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% US DO THAT. 07:17.236 --> 07:19.639 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT'S A LONG PROCESS TO GET FROM 07:19.639 --> 07:20.740 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BENCH TO BED SIDE. 07:20.740 --> 07:23.643 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% A MATERIAL LIKE THIS, SOME DAY 07:23.643 --> 07:25.945 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE HOPE IT MIGHT BE IN CLINICAL 07:25.945 --> 07:26.345 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% USE. 07:26.345 --> 07:27.647 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE ARE TALKING ABOUT YEARS OR 07:27.647 --> 07:29.849 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% POTENTIALLY DECADES FOR THE 07:29.849 --> 07:31.250 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NECESSARY TESTING TO BE DONE TO 07:31.250 --> 07:33.853 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ENSURE SAFETY AND THEN FOR 07:33.853 --> 07:35.655 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PRE-CLINICAL MODELS IN ANIMALS 07:35.655 --> 07:40.460 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND ULTIMATELY FOR CLINICAL 07:40.460 --> 07:42.361 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TRIALS TO BE SAFELY USED IN 07:42.361 --> 07:43.563 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HUMANS. 07:43.563 --> 07:45.665 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> I CAME TO S.U. BECAUSE I WAS 07:45.665 --> 07:46.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% REALLY INTERESTED IN LOOKING AT 07:46.966 --> 07:48.868 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HOW CELLS AND MATERIALS 07:48.868 --> 07:49.469 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INTERACT. 07:49.469 --> 07:51.871 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO KIND OF WHAT I WOULD LIKE TO 07:51.871 --> 07:53.473 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SEE THE FIELD SORT OF MOVE 07:53.473 --> 07:56.976 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TOWARDS IS FORMING MATERIALS 07:56.976 --> 07:58.678 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT CAN BE IMPLEMENTED IN THE 07:58.678 --> 08:02.582 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BODY THAT ARE INSTRUCTIVE THAT 08:02.582 --> 08:04.884 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TELL CELLS AND THE TISSUES HOW 08:04.884 --> 08:06.185 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY SHOULD BEHAVE, HOW THEY 08:06.185 --> 08:11.791 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SHOULD REORGANIZE TO TRY AND 08:11.791 --> 08:15.194 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BOTH HEAL IN A WAY THAT HEALTHY 08:15.194 --> 08:17.196 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND MOVES FORWARD IN TERMS OF 08:17.196 --> 08:18.698 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TREATING A LOT OF THESE DISEASES 08:18.698 --> 08:20.099 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT WE'VE HAD A LOT OF PROBLEMS 08:20.099 --> 08:20.299 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WITH. 08:20.299 --> 08:22.702 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> THERE IS STILL A LOT OF 08:22.702 --> 08:24.003 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INJURIES AND DISEASES THAT WE 08:24.003 --> 08:25.805 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DON'T HAVE GOOD TREATMENTS FOR. 08:25.805 --> 08:28.307 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND SMART POLYMERS AND SMART 08:28.307 --> 08:30.009 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MATERIALS IN GENERAL GIVE US 08:30.009 --> 08:33.012 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SOME OPPORTUNITIES TO IMPROVE 08:33.012 --> 08:34.614 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PEOPLE'S LIVES, YOU KNOW, REDUCE 08:34.614 --> 08:35.815 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE AMOUNT OF TIME IT TAKES FOR 08:35.815 --> 08:37.416 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEM TO GET BETTER OR TREAT 08:37.416 --> 08:39.018 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DISEASES THAT CURRENTLY WE JUST 08:39.018 --> 08:41.320 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DON'T HAVE TREATMENTS FOR. 08:41.320 --> 08:43.222 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO I THINK, YOU KNOW, PART OF IT 08:43.222 --> 08:46.025 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IS JUST THE LOVE OF SCIENCE AND 08:46.025 --> 08:49.128 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PART OF IT IS HELPING PEOPLE 08:49.128 --> 08:58.137 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SOONER RATHER THAN LATER. 08:58.137 --> 08:58.538 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ♪7 08:58.538 --> 09:28.267 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ♪7 09:28.267 --> 09:29.569 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CORAL REEFS ARE MADE UP OF 09:29.569 --> 09:30.369 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THOUSANDS AND THOUSANDS OF 09:30.369 --> 09:32.071 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INDIVIDUAL ANIMALS LIKE A BIG 09:32.071 --> 09:32.772 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% UNDERWATER CITY. 09:32.772 --> 09:34.373 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BIOLOGISTS AT THE GEORGIA 09:34.373 --> 09:36.275 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AQUARIUM IN ATLANTA ARE GROWING 09:36.275 --> 09:37.677 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CORAL IN THEIR LABS TO BETTER 09:37.677 --> 09:39.879 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% UNDERSTAND HOW THEY REPRODUCE IN 09:39.879 --> 09:41.280 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE HOPES OF TAKING THAT 09:41.280 --> 09:43.382 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% KNOWLEDGE TO THE SEA TO SAVE THE 09:43.382 --> 09:43.583 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% REEFS. 09:43.583 --> 09:46.085 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OUR PARTNER, SCIENCE FRIDAY, HAS 09:46.085 --> 09:52.992 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE STORY. 09:52.992 --> 09:54.193 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> I LOVE WORKING WITH CORAL 09:54.193 --> 09:55.194 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BECAUSE OF THE DIVERSITY OF 09:55.194 --> 09:56.596 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEM, THE BRILLIANT COLORS THAT 09:56.596 --> 09:57.496 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY HAVE, THE DIFFERENT 09:57.496 --> 09:58.598 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TEXTURES THEY CAN CREATE. 09:58.598 --> 10:02.001 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CORAL IS A COLONY AND EACH POLYP 10:02.001 --> 10:04.503 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IS ACTUALLY AN INDIVIDUAL ANIMAL 10:04.503 --> 10:04.604 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ITSELF. 10:04.604 --> 10:05.905 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND WHEN YOU START TO SEE THE 10:05.905 --> 10:07.707 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ANIMALS DO WHAT THEY NATURALLY 10:07.707 --> 10:10.209 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DO WHEN IT COMES TO 10:10.209 --> 10:13.012 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% REPRODUCTION, YOU FEEL PRETTY 10:13.012 --> 10:14.714 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PRIVILEGED TO WITNESS SUCH A 10:14.714 --> 10:17.316 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BEAUTIFUL PROCESS AND JUST HOPE 10:17.316 --> 10:26.025 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOU CAN HELP. 10:26.025 --> 10:28.527 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE DO A LOT OF WORK HERE AT THE 10:28.527 --> 10:30.229 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% GEORGIA AQUARIUM WITH CORAL. 10:30.229 --> 10:31.931 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PART OF MY ROLE HERE IS TO HELP 10:31.931 --> 10:33.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CREATE HABITATS. 10:33.733 --> 10:36.335 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO BEHIND ME YOU SEE ONE OF OUR 10:36.335 --> 10:38.838 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CREATIONS, WHICH IS THE 10:38.838 --> 10:40.339 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INDO-PACIFIC REEF TANK. 10:40.339 --> 10:43.442 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ABOUT 16 FEET DEEP, 164,000 10:43.442 --> 10:44.944 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% GALLONS. 10:44.944 --> 10:46.746 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PRETTY COOL. 10:46.746 --> 10:49.348 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I WORK WITH A TEAM OF BIOLOGISTS 10:49.348 --> 10:51.450 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO TAKE WHAT WE'VE LEARNED WITH 10:51.450 --> 10:53.152 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CARING FOR CORALS IN THIS 10:53.152 --> 10:54.654 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SETTING AND BE ABLE TO BRING IT 10:54.654 --> 10:55.855 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OUT INTO THE FIELD AND BE ABLE 10:55.855 --> 10:58.557 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO HELP THE WILD POPULATION. 10:58.557 --> 11:04.163 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE ARE WORKING WITH PROFLIGATING 11:04.163 --> 11:06.365 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WITH HELPING CORALS IN THE WILD 11:06.365 --> 11:08.067 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO BE SELF SUSTAINING. 11:08.067 --> 11:10.069 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CORALS ARE ACTUALLY ANIMALS. 11:10.069 --> 11:12.371 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY'RE IN A GROUP CALLED 11:12.371 --> 11:14.874 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LIDERIANS BUT WITHIN THEIR 11:14.874 --> 11:18.577 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TISSUE, THEY HAVE ALGAE CELLS 11:18.577 --> 11:19.979 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT ARE PHOTO SYNTHETIC. 11:19.979 --> 11:23.282 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BUT IT IS A SYMBIOTIC 11:23.282 --> 11:23.382 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RELATIONSHIP. 11:23.382 --> 11:25.184 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE CORAL ITSELF PROVIDES A HOME 11:25.184 --> 11:27.286 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FOR THE CELLS TO LIVE IN AND THE 11:27.286 --> 11:30.790 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BYPRODUCT OF THOSE CELLS GIVE 11:30.790 --> 11:34.093 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NUTRIENTS TO THE CORAL, TOO. 11:34.093 --> 11:35.194 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT'S A WIN-WIN. 11:35.194 --> 11:37.296 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOU HEAR THE TERM BLEACHING. 11:37.296 --> 11:41.801 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CORALS ARE BLEACHING, BLEACHING 11:41.801 --> 11:43.202 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IS THE PROCESS OF LEAVING THE 11:43.202 --> 11:44.003 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TISSUE OF THE CORAL. 11:44.003 --> 11:46.605 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IF IT DOESN'T REABSORB QUICKLY 11:46.605 --> 11:47.606 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEN UNFORTUNATELY THE CORAL 11:47.606 --> 11:48.507 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WILL ACTUALLY DIE. 11:48.507 --> 11:50.009 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BECAUSE IT DOES NEED THE 11:50.009 --> 11:53.512 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NUTRIENTS AND THE BYPRODUCT TO 11:53.512 --> 11:54.914 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CONTINUE TO BE HEALTHY AND TO 11:54.914 --> 12:00.319 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SURVIVE. 12:00.319 --> 12:01.620 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE HAVE WORKED WITH THE CORAL 12:01.620 --> 12:04.323 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RESTORATION FOUNDATION IN THE 12:04.323 --> 12:06.225 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FLORIDA KEYS AND WHAT THEY HAVE 12:06.225 --> 12:08.127 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OUT THERE IS AN UNDERWATER 12:08.127 --> 12:09.528 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NURSERY. 12:09.528 --> 12:11.630 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CORALS HAVE A VERY UNIQUE 12:11.630 --> 12:14.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% REPRODUCTION STYLE. 12:14.633 --> 12:16.736 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE TWO SPECIES THAT WE 12:16.736 --> 12:18.237 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SPECIFICALLY WORK WITH, WHICH IS 12:18.237 --> 12:20.139 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE STAG HORN CORAL AND THE ELK 12:20.139 --> 12:22.541 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HORN CORAL, REPRODUCE ONLY ONE 12:22.541 --> 12:23.142 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WEEK A YEAR. 12:23.142 --> 12:23.943 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT'S CRAZY. 12:23.943 --> 12:26.445 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO THEY'RE BASICALLY CUED ON THE 12:26.445 --> 12:30.449 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TIDE, THE LUNAR CYCLE AND THE 12:30.449 --> 12:31.250 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TEMPERATURE OF THE OCEAN. 12:31.250 --> 12:32.952 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY WAIT FOR THE HIGH TIDE AT 12:32.952 --> 12:33.953 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NIGHT BECAUSE THAT'S WHEN THE 12:33.953 --> 12:35.154 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CURRENT IS THE STRONGEST SO 12:35.154 --> 12:36.856 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WHETHER THEY RELEASE THEIR EGGS 12:36.856 --> 12:38.357 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND SPERM, THEY HAVE JUST THE 12:38.357 --> 12:40.259 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RIGHT CONDITIONS FOR THEM TO MIX 12:40.259 --> 12:43.062 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND FIND EACH OTHER. 12:43.062 --> 12:44.864 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BUT UNFORTUNATELY RIGHT NOW, 12:44.864 --> 12:45.965 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THERE IS A LOT OF DISTANCE 12:45.965 --> 12:47.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BETWEEN THE CORALS. 12:47.066 --> 12:48.968 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO THEY'RE HAVING A HARD TIME 12:48.968 --> 12:50.169 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FINDING EACH OTHER WHEN THEY'RE 12:50.169 --> 12:51.871 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% READY TO REPRODUCE. 12:51.871 --> 12:53.172 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO THAT'S WHERE WE COME INTO 12:53.172 --> 12:54.573 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PLAY. 12:54.573 --> 12:56.976 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE WORK AS A TEAM IN THE 12:56.976 --> 12:58.277 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% COLLECTION. 12:58.277 --> 13:00.079 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE BASICALLY SEPARATE OUT THE 13:00.079 --> 13:01.480 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SPERM AND THE EGG SO WE KNOW WE 13:01.480 --> 13:03.182 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ARE GETTING A DIFFERENT GENETIC 13:03.182 --> 13:05.985 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MAKEUP AND THEN WE COMBINE THE 13:05.985 --> 13:07.887 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EGGS AND SPERM TO PRODUCE A FREE 13:07.887 --> 13:14.894 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SWIMMING PLANULA OR LARVAE AND 13:14.894 --> 13:17.396 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEN DISPERSE IT BACK ON THE 13:17.396 --> 13:19.098 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% REEF FOR THEM TO SURVIVE, THRIVE 13:19.098 --> 13:19.398 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND GROW. 13:19.398 --> 13:20.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE MAIN GOAL OUT THERE IS TO 13:20.900 --> 13:23.302 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% GET A LARGE DIVERSE GENETIC 13:23.302 --> 13:28.407 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% POPULATION SO OVER TIME THEY CAN 13:28.407 --> 13:29.909 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DO IT ON THEIR OWN AND WE DON'T 13:29.909 --> 13:31.110 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HAVE TO BE OUT THERE TO HELP 13:31.110 --> 13:32.711 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEM FIND EACH OTHER. 13:32.711 --> 13:35.214 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE BASICALLY TAKE A SMALL SUBSET 13:35.214 --> 13:37.016 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OF WHAT WE WERE ABLE TO 13:37.016 --> 13:38.317 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FERTILIZE IN THE WILD AND BRING 13:38.317 --> 13:39.919 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT BACK TO DO OUR OWN RESEARCH 13:39.919 --> 13:42.321 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO WE CAN KNOW WHAT IT NEEDS IN 13:42.321 --> 13:44.523 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE WILD IN ORDER TO SURVIVE. 13:44.523 --> 13:45.925 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WHAT YOU SEE RIGHT HERE ALONG 13:45.925 --> 13:48.828 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THESE SHELVES ARE PLUGS AND 13:48.828 --> 13:50.429 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TILES THAT ARE IN THE PROCESS OF 13:50.429 --> 13:52.631 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BEING SEEDED. 13:52.631 --> 13:55.434 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE UTILIZE SOME ADULTS TO HELP 13:55.434 --> 13:58.337 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PROVIDE TO THE BABY CORALS WHEN 13:58.337 --> 13:59.738 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY'RE PLACED IN HERE AFTER 13:59.738 --> 14:00.039 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SPAWNING. 14:00.039 --> 14:03.943 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT TAKES A WHILE FOR IT TO GROW 14:03.943 --> 14:05.244 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ON THAT MATERIAL SO WE TRY TO 14:05.244 --> 14:06.846 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% GIVE IT AS MANY MONTHS AS 14:06.846 --> 14:08.747 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% POSSIBLE. 14:08.747 --> 14:10.850 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO WHAT WE ARE LOOKING AT RIGHT 14:10.850 --> 14:13.152 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NOW IS ONE OF OUR SETTLED CORALS 14:13.152 --> 14:14.753 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FROM CORAL SPAWNING DOWN IN KEY 14:14.753 --> 14:16.956 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LARGO. 14:16.956 --> 14:21.360 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE HAVE NAMED HIM BABY GROOT AND 14:21.360 --> 14:22.361 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SOME OF THE THINGS WE LOOK FOR 14:22.361 --> 14:24.463 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WHEN WE CHECK ON HIM, THE 14:24.463 --> 14:26.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% COLORATION OF THE TISSUE, NUMBER 14:26.866 --> 14:28.868 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OF POLYPS THAT HAVE DEVELOPED. 14:28.868 --> 14:31.670 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE ALSO LOOK FOR THE BASE OF THE 14:31.670 --> 14:35.074 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CORAL TO BE ENCRUSTING ALONG THE 14:35.074 --> 14:37.076 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SEDIMENT MATERIAL WHICH IS WHAT 14:37.076 --> 14:38.377 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HE IS DOING RIGHT NOW, WHICH IS 14:38.377 --> 14:38.577 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% GOOD. 14:38.577 --> 14:40.779 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THIS IS PROBABLY ABOUT NINE 14:40.779 --> 14:42.514 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YEARS WORTH OF WORK TRYING TO 14:42.514 --> 14:44.116 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% GET TO THIS POINT. 14:44.116 --> 14:46.318 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BUT HE LOOKS REALLY, REALLY GOOD 14:46.318 --> 14:46.619 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RIGHT NOW. 14:46.619 --> 14:48.320 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HE LOOKS BEAUTIFUL TODAY, 14:48.320 --> 14:51.924 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ACTUALLY. 14:51.924 --> 14:53.225 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I THINK IT CERTAINLY IS AN 14:53.225 --> 14:55.027 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% UPHILL BATTLE BUT IT'S A BATTLE 14:55.027 --> 14:56.528 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT I THINK WE HAVE TO FIGHT 14:56.528 --> 14:57.429 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FOR THEM. 14:57.429 --> 14:59.932 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY NEED OUR HELP. 14:59.932 --> 15:02.835 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AS A BIOLOGIST, YOU HAVE TO BE 15:02.835 --> 15:05.137 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% VERY COMFORTABLE WITH FAILURE, 15:05.137 --> 15:09.041 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BUT WITH FAILURE COMES SUCCESS. 15:09.041 --> 15:10.542 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE MIGHT NOT KNOW WHAT IS GOING 15:10.542 --> 15:11.944 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO HAPPEN TO THE REEF, BUT I 15:11.944 --> 15:13.345 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT IN THE 15:13.345 --> 15:16.048 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FUTURE, I CAN LOOK AT MY 15:16.048 --> 15:23.756 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DAUGHTER AND SAY I TRIED. 15:23.756 --> 15:27.059 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FASHIONISTA, THIS STORY IS FOR 15:27.059 --> 15:27.259 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOU. 15:27.259 --> 15:28.460 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE ARE TALKING ABOUT CLOTHES 15:28.460 --> 15:38.070 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MADE FROM PLANTS. 15:38.070 --> 15:39.972 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NYLON IS A PREFERRED FABRIC IN 15:39.972 --> 15:40.773 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THIS ARENA. 15:40.773 --> 15:43.175 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT'S STRONG, SHRINK RABAT, 15:43.175 --> 15:44.677 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WRINKLE RESISTANT AND CHEAP TO 15:44.677 --> 15:45.177 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PRODUCE. 15:45.177 --> 15:46.979 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BUT IT IS NOT ENVIRONMENTALLY 15:46.979 --> 15:47.279 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FRIENDLY. 15:47.279 --> 15:49.682 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NYLON IS A KIND OF PLASTIC 15:49.682 --> 15:51.884 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CREATED FROM CHEMICALS FOUND IN 15:51.884 --> 15:53.385 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PETROLEUM, A NATURAL BUT 15:53.385 --> 15:55.187 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCE. 15:55.187 --> 15:56.689 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND THE ENERGY THAT FUELS THE 15:56.689 --> 15:58.891 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CHEMICAL PROCESS TO CREATE NYLON 15:58.891 --> 16:00.793 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IS ALSO MOSTLY GENERATED FROM 16:00.793 --> 16:02.494 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% COAL AND NATURAL GAS. 16:02.494 --> 16:05.998 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NOW SCIENTISTS ARE CHANGING THE 16:05.998 --> 16:08.901 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FABRIC OF FAST FASHION. 16:08.901 --> 16:09.601 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RESEARCHERS AT NEW YORK 16:09.601 --> 16:11.804 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% UNIVERSITY'S TANDON SCHOOL OF 16:11.804 --> 16:13.105 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ENGINEERING ARE DEVELOPING A 16:13.105 --> 16:14.506 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MORE SUSTAINABLE NYLON. 16:14.506 --> 16:16.208 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY START BY USING CHEMICALS 16:16.208 --> 16:18.410 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FROM PLANTS TO CREATE THE NYLON. 16:18.410 --> 16:20.412 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE TEAM WOULD ALSO USE SOLAR 16:20.412 --> 16:21.714 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ENERGY TO POWER THE PRODUCTION 16:21.714 --> 16:22.314 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PROCESS. 16:22.314 --> 16:24.817 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MAKING THIS MATERIAL EVEN MORE 16:24.817 --> 16:26.318 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY. 16:26.318 --> 16:28.620 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY CALL IT THE SOLAR TEXTILES 16:28.620 --> 16:29.621 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PROJECT AND IT'S ALREADY 16:29.621 --> 16:30.923 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% GENERATING BUZZ. 16:30.923 --> 16:33.625 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE TEAM RECEIVED A 2016 GLOBAL 16:33.625 --> 16:35.427 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CHANGE AWARD RESEARCH GRANT FOR 16:35.427 --> 16:37.229 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN 16:37.229 --> 16:39.231 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FASHION FROM THE H & M 16:39.231 --> 16:40.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FOUNDATION, THE NON-PROFIT ARM 16:40.833 --> 16:42.835 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OF GLOBAL FAST FASHION RETAILER 16:42.835 --> 16:43.635 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% H & M. 16:43.635 --> 16:49.141 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ASSISTANT PROFESSOR MIGUEL 16:49.141 --> 16:55.748 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MODESTINO IS WORKING WITH THIS. 16:55.748 --> 16:57.049 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INSTEAD OF STARTING WITH 16:57.049 --> 16:58.751 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PETROLEUM, HIS PROCESS WOULD 16:58.751 --> 16:59.451 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% START WITH PLANTS. 16:59.451 --> 17:01.754 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> SO YOU HAVE PLANT OF CORN, 17:01.754 --> 17:03.355 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEM YOU TAKE THE CORN OUT AND 17:03.355 --> 17:04.857 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% USE THE CORN FOR FOOD BUT THEN 17:04.857 --> 17:06.258 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOU HAVE THE PLANTS LEFT BEHIND 17:06.258 --> 17:07.960 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO PEOPLE WHAT THEY USUALLY DO 17:07.960 --> 17:09.661 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IS CUT THEM AND THROW IT AWAY OR 17:09.661 --> 17:12.064 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY USE IT FOR LIKE, YOU KNOW, 17:12.064 --> 17:14.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NOT HIGH VALUE PRODUCTS SO WE 17:14.066 --> 17:15.267 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CAN TAKE THAT AND CHEMICALLY 17:15.267 --> 17:16.668 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TRANSFORM IT INTO DIESEL THAT 17:16.668 --> 17:18.971 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOU CAN USE TO RUN YOUR CAR. 17:18.971 --> 17:22.975 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND THEN WHAT IS USED IN THE 17:22.975 --> 17:25.077 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DIESEL PRODUCTION PROCESS, THE 17:25.077 --> 17:27.179 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WASTE WE CAN TURN IT INTO NYLON. 17:27.179 --> 17:28.580 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> STARTING THE PROCESS WITH 17:28.580 --> 17:30.682 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PLANT WASTE WOULD PREVENT CARBON 17:30.682 --> 17:32.584 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EMISSIONS FROM HITTING THE AIR 17:32.584 --> 17:34.586 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SIMPLY ABOUT I NOT WORKING WITH 17:34.586 --> 17:36.188 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PETROLEUM BYPRODUCT. 17:36.188 --> 17:37.990 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IF ALL THE NYLON IN THE WORLD 17:37.990 --> 17:39.291 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WAS PRODUCED FROM PLANTS, 17:39.291 --> 17:41.593 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% APPROXIMATELY 4.7 MILLION TONS 17:41.593 --> 17:43.796 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OF CARBON DIOXIDE WOULD BE 17:43.796 --> 17:45.697 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CAPTURED BY TEXTILES EACH YEAR. 17:45.697 --> 17:47.199 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEN THERE ARE THE CARBON 17:47.199 --> 17:49.501 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EMISSIONS TYPICALLY GENERATED 17:49.501 --> 17:51.804 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FROM TRANSFORMING PETROCHEMICAL 17:51.804 --> 17:54.206 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BYPRODUCT TO THE NYLON FABRIC. 17:54.206 --> 17:56.008 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THESE CHEMICAL PROCESSES REQUIRE 17:56.008 --> 17:58.410 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ELECTRICITY AND HEAT THAT WOULD 17:58.410 --> 18:00.712 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% USUALLY PULL ENERGY FROM A GRID, 18:00.712 --> 18:02.714 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ENERGY OFTEN CREATED BY COAL AND 18:02.714 --> 18:03.115 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NATURAL GAS. 18:03.115 --> 18:04.716 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IN HIS PROCESS, THESE STEPS 18:04.716 --> 18:06.018 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WOULD UTILIZE ENERGY FROM THE 18:06.018 --> 18:06.318 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SUN. 18:06.318 --> 18:08.120 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> YOU CAN IMAGINE HAVING NOW A 18:08.120 --> 18:10.022 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SOLAR FARM CAPTURING YOUR ENERGY 18:10.022 --> 18:12.024 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FROM THE SUN ATTACHED DIRECTLY 18:12.024 --> 18:13.425 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO A CHEMICAL PLANT ON THE SIDE 18:13.425 --> 18:14.827 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PRODUCING THE CHEMICALS THAT YOU 18:14.827 --> 18:15.027 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WANT. 18:15.027 --> 18:17.830 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> MODESTINO ENVISIONS USING THE 18:17.830 --> 18:19.531 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SUN TO GENERATE HEAT FOR TWO 18:19.531 --> 18:22.935 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THERMAL CHEMICAL REACTIONS THAT 18:22.935 --> 18:24.436 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TURN CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS INTO 18:24.436 --> 18:27.339 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NYLON USING A SOLAR CONCENTRATOR 18:27.339 --> 18:29.641 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT FOCUSES THE SUN'S HEAT IN 18:29.641 --> 18:32.144 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE WAY A MAGNIFYING GLASS WOULD 18:32.144 --> 18:33.345 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BE USED TO START A FIRE. 18:33.345 --> 18:34.646 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> YOU USE THE SOLAR 18:34.646 --> 18:37.549 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CONCENTRATOR TO PROVIDE THE HEAT 18:37.549 --> 18:39.952 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NECESSARY AND PRODUCE THE BASE 18:39.952 --> 18:41.553 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT WOULD REACT AND PRODUCE THE 18:41.553 --> 18:43.856 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SALT AND THAT SALT YOU CAN 18:43.856 --> 18:46.558 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% POLYMERIZE INTO NYLON THROUGH 18:46.558 --> 18:47.059 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CHEMICALS. 18:47.059 --> 18:48.360 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> THE RESULT IS A STICKY 18:48.360 --> 18:49.862 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SUBSTANCE THAT WILL BE RINSED, 18:49.862 --> 18:51.663 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MELTED DOWN AND SPUN INTO 18:51.663 --> 18:51.964 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THREAD. 18:51.964 --> 18:56.468 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> THIS IS NYLON POLYMERIZED AND 18:56.468 --> 18:58.971 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOU GRAB IT AND PULL IT OUT AND 18:58.971 --> 19:00.072 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEN YOU CAN ROLL IT LIKE THIS. 19:00.072 --> 19:02.474 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> ON A MOLECULAR LEVEL, THIS 19:02.474 --> 19:04.676 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ECOFRIENDLY NYLON IS EXACTLY THE 19:04.676 --> 19:06.678 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SAME AS THE NYLON IN THESE 19:06.678 --> 19:07.079 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% JACKETS. 19:07.079 --> 19:09.281 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FOR THE H & M FOUNDATION, IT 19:09.281 --> 19:10.282 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% COULD BE AN IMPORTANT STEP 19:10.282 --> 19:11.683 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TOWARD THEIR GOAL, A MORE 19:11.683 --> 19:13.085 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE 19:13.085 --> 19:14.086 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FASHION INDUSTRY. 19:14.086 --> 19:15.888 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> IF WE CAN MAKE NYLON, WHICH 19:15.888 --> 19:17.589 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IS AN OIL-BASED PRODUCT, IF WE 19:17.589 --> 19:19.591 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CAN MAKE THAT FROM NOT FROM OIL 19:19.591 --> 19:21.093 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BUT FROM SOMETHING ELSE, AND 19:21.093 --> 19:22.895 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT'S THE SAME PRODUCT, SO IT 19:22.895 --> 19:24.997 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DOES NOT MEAN A COMPROMISE FOR 19:24.997 --> 19:27.199 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOU AS A CUSTOMER, AND THEN 19:27.199 --> 19:30.302 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT'S A WHOLE NEW AVENUE IN HOW 19:30.302 --> 19:32.404 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO PRODUCE THINGS. 19:32.404 --> 19:33.705 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> IT WOULD BE A TREMENDOUS 19:33.705 --> 19:35.407 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INNOVATION FOR THE FASHION 19:35.407 --> 19:35.607 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INDUSTRY. 19:35.607 --> 19:36.808 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NOT ONLY THAT BUT THE 19:36.808 --> 19:39.111 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PLANT-BASED METHOD WOULD BE OF 19:39.111 --> 19:40.012 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PARTICULAR INTEREST TO THE 19:40.012 --> 19:41.914 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RETAIL ARM OF H & N. 19:41.914 --> 19:45.617 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY WANT TO BE CLIMATE POSITIVE 19:45.617 --> 19:46.218 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BY 2040. 19:46.218 --> 19:48.020 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE COMPANY WILL REDUCE NOR 19:48.020 --> 19:48.921 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS THAN IT 19:48.921 --> 19:49.621 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EMITS. 19:49.621 --> 19:52.324 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> I THINK IT IS VERY EXCITING 19:52.324 --> 19:54.026 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MOMENT WHERE FASHION AND GLOSSY 19:54.026 --> 19:55.727 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FASHION AND DESIGN MEETS 19:55.727 --> 19:56.628 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SCIENCE. 19:56.628 --> 20:01.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND IT'S THESE SUPER UNEXPECTED 20:01.466 --> 20:03.368 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND INTERESTING JUNCTIONS WHERE 20:03.368 --> 20:05.671 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NEW SOLUTIONS COME ALIVE AND 20:05.671 --> 20:06.772 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PEOPLE START TO THINK OUTSIDE OF 20:06.772 --> 20:07.172 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE BOX. 20:07.172 --> 20:09.074 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> THE SOLAR TEXTILES TEAM IS 20:09.074 --> 20:10.475 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% STILL IN THE RESEARCH PHASE. 20:10.475 --> 20:11.777 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BUT THEY PLAN TO START 20:11.777 --> 20:12.878 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% APPROACHING COMPANIES THAT 20:12.878 --> 20:14.680 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PRODUCE NYLON THROUGH THE 20:14.680 --> 20:16.682 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CONNECTIONS THE TEAM HAS MADE 20:16.682 --> 20:19.084 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% VIA THE H & N FOUNDATION. 20:19.084 --> 20:20.786 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> FOR THEM IT'S MAGICAL BECAUSE 20:20.786 --> 20:22.788 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY BELIEF IN FASHION 20:22.788 --> 20:26.391 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PRODUCTION PROCESS AND 20:26.391 --> 20:26.792 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INNOVATION. 20:26.792 --> 20:29.194 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY'RE HIGHLY UNSUSTAINABLE BUT 20:29.194 --> 20:31.296 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IF YOU MANAGE TO CAPTURE THE 20:31.296 --> 20:35.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CLOTHES BY PRODUCING CLOTHES 20:35.000 --> 20:36.902 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FASTER THAN YOU ARE CONTRIBUTING 20:36.902 --> 20:37.803 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES. 20:37.803 --> 20:40.105 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> THIS NEXT STORY IS GOING TO 20:40.105 --> 20:42.007 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SOUND COUNTERINTUITIVE BUT WE 20:42.007 --> 20:43.709 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ARE GOING TO SHOW YOU HOW 20:43.709 --> 20:44.409 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ENVIRONMENTALISTS IN NORTH 20:44.409 --> 20:45.711 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CAROLINA ARE SETTING FIRE TO A 20:45.711 --> 20:49.014 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FOREST TO SAVE IT. 20:49.014 --> 20:50.015 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THIS IS NOT WHAT WE WANT. 20:50.015 --> 20:53.318 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> THIS WAS PLANTED IN THE 20:53.318 --> 20:55.420 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% 1970s WHEN THE MAIN GOAL OF 20:55.420 --> 20:56.722 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE FOREST SERVICE WAS TO 20:56.722 --> 21:01.026 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PRODUCE TIMBER AND LOBLOLLY WAS 21:01.026 --> 21:03.629 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% A FASTER GROWING SPECIES. 21:03.629 --> 21:04.329 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THIS IS WHAT WE WANT. 21:04.329 --> 21:06.231 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THESE TREES STARTED GROWING HERE 21:06.231 --> 21:07.032 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IN 1890. 21:07.032 --> 21:09.234 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> THIS IS THE LONG LEAF PINE 21:09.234 --> 21:09.534 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FOREST. 21:09.534 --> 21:12.738 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT IS THE NATURAL ECOSYSTEM IN 21:12.738 --> 21:14.239 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NORTH CAROLINA'S COASTAL PLAIN. 21:14.239 --> 21:17.042 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CENTURIES OF TIMBER HARVESTING 21:17.042 --> 21:19.544 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND URBANIZATION REMOVED MOST OF 21:19.544 --> 21:21.146 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE LONG LEAF PINE FOREST ACROSS 21:21.146 --> 21:21.847 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE SOUTHEAST. 21:21.847 --> 21:23.448 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT'S WHY THE U.S. FOREST 21:23.448 --> 21:25.250 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SERVICE IS RESTORING THE LONG 21:25.250 --> 21:27.853 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LEAF PINE FOREST IN THE NATIONAL 21:27.853 --> 21:29.655 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FOREST. 21:29.655 --> 21:31.156 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BUT TO DO THAT REQUIRES FIRE. 21:31.156 --> 21:34.860 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ONCE THE LOB LOLLY PINE TREES 21:34.860 --> 21:37.162 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ARE HARVESTED, FIRE IS VITAL TO 21:37.162 --> 21:39.564 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RESTORING THE LONG LEAF PINE 21:39.564 --> 21:39.965 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FOREST. 21:39.965 --> 21:41.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ONE OF THE NATION'S MOST 21:41.166 --> 21:42.868 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEM. 21:42.868 --> 21:44.670 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> WE ARE HAVING A FIRE EVERY 21:44.670 --> 21:46.972 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TWO YEARS, THREE YEAR CYCLE, TO 21:46.972 --> 21:48.573 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TRY AND GET WHAT YOU ARE SEEING 21:48.573 --> 21:49.875 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HERE ESTABLISHED. 21:49.875 --> 21:52.778 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> SO THIS WAS JUST BURNED A 21:52.778 --> 21:53.378 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% COUPLE MONTHS AGO. 21:53.378 --> 21:54.680 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ARE YOU AMAZED? 21:54.680 --> 21:55.580 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LOOK AT THIS NOW. 21:55.580 --> 21:56.381 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT'S ALL GREEN. 21:56.381 --> 21:58.483 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> IT RECOVERS PRETTY QUICK. 21:58.483 --> 22:00.085 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WITH THE MOISTURE THAT WE 22:00.085 --> 22:01.687 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RECEIVE AND ALL THAT STUFF, THE 22:01.687 --> 22:04.489 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TYPE OF SOIL ALLOWS QUICK 22:04.489 --> 22:04.690 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% GROWTH. 22:04.690 --> 22:06.491 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO HAVING FIRE IN THE AREA 22:06.491 --> 22:08.393 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% KNOCKS DOWN THE UNDERSTORE WHERE 22:08.393 --> 22:11.296 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE CAN ACTUALLY HAVE MORE 22:11.296 --> 22:12.698 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MANAGED FIRE AND OPENS UP THE 22:12.698 --> 22:14.599 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SUNLIGHT AND OXYGEN AIR TO GET 22:14.599 --> 22:15.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO NEW GROWTH. 22:15.600 --> 22:20.405 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> VERY DEPENDENT ON FIRE TO 22:20.405 --> 22:20.505 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SURVIVE. 22:20.505 --> 22:22.507 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT GROWS AS A GRASS WHEN IT'S 22:22.507 --> 22:24.609 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LITTLE SO IF THE FIRE CAN BURN 22:24.609 --> 22:25.711 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OVER IT AND CLEARS EVERYTHING 22:25.711 --> 22:27.212 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AROUND IT, IT RESPONDS BACK 22:27.212 --> 22:27.713 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% REALLY QUICKLY. 22:27.713 --> 22:30.115 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT'S NATURALLY JUST ADAPTED TO 22:30.115 --> 22:30.716 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FIRE REGIME. 22:30.716 --> 22:33.719 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO THEN YOUR LONG LEAF GRASS 22:33.719 --> 22:35.520 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% STAGES, SEEDLING RIGHT HERE, IT 22:35.520 --> 22:37.622 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LOOKS JUST LIKE A CLUMP OF 22:37.622 --> 22:37.823 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% GRASS. 22:37.823 --> 22:39.624 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO WHEN THE FIRE BURNS OVER IT, 22:39.624 --> 22:41.827 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT BURNS IT AS IF IT IS GRASS 22:41.827 --> 22:43.528 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND THE BUD IS BELOW THE SURFACE 22:43.528 --> 22:44.629 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PROTECTED EXTRA THE FIRE. 22:44.629 --> 22:48.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT SPENDS TWO TO THREE TO FIVE 22:48.233 --> 22:49.735 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YEARS GROWING THE ROOT SYSTEM 22:49.735 --> 22:50.936 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND STAYS AS GRASS. 22:50.936 --> 22:52.337 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EVENTUALLY SOMETHING CLICKS IN 22:52.337 --> 22:54.639 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT AND IT STARTS, IN A 22:54.639 --> 22:59.044 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ELONGATION CHUTE. 22:59.044 --> 23:04.850 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE BARK IS VERY GOOD INSULATOR. 23:04.850 --> 23:07.853 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO KILL THE TREE, THE FIRE IS 23:07.853 --> 23:09.354 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% GOING TO HAVE TO GET HOT ENOUGH 23:09.354 --> 23:11.857 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO POP BEHIND THE BARK WHERE THE 23:11.857 --> 23:13.458 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NUTRIENTS FLOW UP AND DOWN SO 23:13.458 --> 23:16.361 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THIS BARK JUST INSULATES THE 23:16.361 --> 23:17.662 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TREE AND ALSO WITH THE FISHERS 23:17.662 --> 23:19.564 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IN HERE, THE HEAT WILL CHANNEL 23:19.564 --> 23:21.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% UP THE TREE INSTEAD OF JUST 23:21.466 --> 23:24.069 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SITTING HERE CAREFUL MANAGEMENT 23:24.069 --> 23:25.971 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HELPS PRESERVE AND RESTORE THE 23:25.971 --> 23:28.073 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LONG LEAF PINE FOREST, WHICH IS 23:28.073 --> 23:31.476 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% A MIX OF TALL TREES IN SAVANNAH 23:31.476 --> 23:39.684 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PLUS BOGS AND RAISED SWAMPS. 23:39.684 --> 23:41.086 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> PRIOR TO THE EUROPEAN 23:41.086 --> 23:42.687 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SETTLEMENT WAS 90 MILLION ACRES. 23:42.687 --> 23:44.689 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AS OF TODAY WE HAVE AROUND FOUR 23:44.689 --> 23:46.591 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MILLION ACRES OF THAT HABITAT 23:46.591 --> 23:46.792 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LEFT. 23:46.792 --> 23:48.593 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE MAJORITY OF HABITAT IS ON 23:48.593 --> 23:49.995 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NATIONAL FOREST LAND ACROSS THE 23:49.995 --> 23:50.395 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% COUNTRY. 23:50.395 --> 23:51.997 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> THE LONG LEAF PINE IS ONE OF 23:51.997 --> 23:54.499 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE MOST ECOLOGICALLY 23:54.499 --> 23:55.901 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ECOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT SPECIES 23:55.901 --> 23:56.401 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IN THE SOUTH. 23:56.401 --> 23:58.703 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% 900 PLANT SPECIES PLUS HUNDREDS 23:58.703 --> 24:01.506 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OF BIRDS, MAMMALS, REPTILES AND 24:01.506 --> 24:03.308 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AMPHIBIANS ARE FOUND IN THE LONG 24:03.308 --> 24:04.609 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LEAF PINE FOREST. 24:04.609 --> 24:06.611 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> A SMALL DIFFERENCE IN 24:06.611 --> 24:07.813 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ELEVATION MAKES A HUGE 24:07.813 --> 24:10.115 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DIFFERENCE IN THE VEGETATION AND 24:10.115 --> 24:11.616 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HOW WATER IS RETAINED ON THE 24:11.616 --> 24:12.517 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LANDSCAPE. 24:12.517 --> 24:14.219 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> 29 OF THOSE SPECIES ARE 24:14.219 --> 24:17.122 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ENDANGERED, INCLUDING THE RED 24:17.122 --> 24:19.024 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WOODPECKER. 24:19.024 --> 24:21.126 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> THE GOOD THING ABOUT 24:21.126 --> 24:23.728 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WOODPECKER, THEY'RE PRIMARY 24:23.728 --> 24:25.530 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CAVITY EXCAVATOR. 24:25.530 --> 24:27.232 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY MAKE THE CAVITY INTO THE 24:27.232 --> 24:27.432 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TREE. 24:27.432 --> 24:29.234 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% A WHOLE SUITE OF SPECIES WILL 24:29.234 --> 24:31.736 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% USE THAT CAVITY FOR NESTING FOR 24:31.736 --> 24:32.537 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SOME LIFE STAGE. 24:32.537 --> 24:34.439 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> WITH SUCH A UNIQUE LANDSCAPE, 24:34.439 --> 24:37.042 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT'S NOT SURPRISING THAT IT IS 24:37.042 --> 24:38.343 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ALSO HOME TO THE LARGEST 24:38.343 --> 24:40.245 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% COLLECTION OF CARNIVOROUS PLANTS 24:40.245 --> 24:41.847 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OF ANY NATIONAL FOREST. 24:41.847 --> 24:44.549 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> YOU ARE ON THE, WE HAVE THE 24:44.549 --> 24:45.650 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% VENUS FLY TRAP. 24:45.650 --> 24:47.252 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AGAIN THEY TEND TO BE FOUND IN 24:47.252 --> 24:48.854 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THESE NUTRIENT POOR AREAS THAT 24:48.854 --> 24:51.056 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ARE NOT TOO DRY, ARE NOT TOO 24:51.056 --> 24:51.256 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WET. 24:51.256 --> 24:52.557 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT HAS TO BE JUST RIGHT. 24:52.557 --> 24:54.459 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY CAN'T JUST GROW ANYWHERE. 24:54.459 --> 24:56.061 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND WHEN YOU ARE A LITTLE 24:56.061 --> 24:58.663 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CARNIVOROUS PLANT LYING FLAT ON 24:58.663 --> 25:00.165 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE GROUND, IT DOESN'T TAKE MUCH 25:00.165 --> 25:01.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO SHADE YOU OUT AND NONE OF 25:01.566 --> 25:03.068 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THESE THINGS CAN LIVE WITHOUT 25:03.068 --> 25:06.371 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SUNLIGHT. 25:06.371 --> 25:07.372 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY'RE COMPLETELY FIRE 25:07.372 --> 25:07.672 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DEPENDENT. 25:07.672 --> 25:10.075 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SMALL DIFFERENT MICROHABITATS 25:10.075 --> 25:11.676 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WITHIN A LARGER LANDSCAPE JUST 25:11.676 --> 25:12.978 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INCREASES YOUR DIVERSITY, 25:12.978 --> 25:15.480 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INCREASES THE VALUE, THE 25:15.480 --> 25:17.282 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ECOLOGICAL VALUE OF THAT AREA. 25:17.282 --> 25:18.683 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> THAT'S IT FOR THIS EDITION OF 25:18.683 --> 25:20.785 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% "SCITECH NOW." TO LEARN MORE 25:20.785 --> 25:22.087 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ABOUT OUR PROGRAM, JOIN THE 25:22.087 --> 25:22.888 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CONVERSATION WITH YOUR 25:22.888 --> 25:24.089 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% QUESTIONS, COMMENTS AND THOUGHTS 25:24.089 --> 25:25.290 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ON FACEBOOK AND TWITTER. 25:25.290 --> 25:27.192 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I'M SIMON PEREZ. 25:27.192 --> 25:28.793 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SEE YOU NEXT WEEK ON "SCITECH 25:28.793 --> 25:34.199 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NOW." 25:34.199 --> 25:34.599 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ♪7 25:34.599 --> 25:35.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ♪7 25:35.700 --> 25:36.801 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ON THE NEXT EPISODE OF 25:36.801 --> 25:38.803 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% "SCITECH," WHAT DO YOU GET WHEN 25:38.803 --> 25:40.405 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOU MIX A MILLION POUNDS OF 25:40.405 --> 25:41.506 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% APPLES WITH CHEMISTRY? 25:41.506 --> 25:43.408 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE'LL TAKE YOU TO ALBANY TO FIND 25:43.408 --> 25:43.508 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OUT. 25:43.508 --> 25:45.810 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE'LL TAKE A CLOSE LOOK, MAYBE 25:45.810 --> 25:47.812 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CLOSER THAN YOU WOULD LIKE, AT A 25:47.812 --> 25:49.114 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RODENT THAT COULD HOLD THE KEY 25:49.114 --> 25:50.515 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO LIVING LONGER. 25:50.515 --> 25:53.919 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEN WE TAKE A VERY VIRTUAL 25:53.919 --> 25:56.121 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% REALITY TRIP TO INFINITY AND 25:56.121 --> 25:59.224 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BEYOND AND WE ALL KNOW ABOUT 3G, 25:59.224 --> 26:02.327 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% 4G AND 5G, HOW FAST CAN WIRELESS 26:02.327 --> 26:02.727 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% COMMUNICATION GO? 26:02.727 --> 26:03.929 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT'S ALL ON THE NEXT "SCITECH 26:03.929 --> 26:08.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NOW." 26:08.433 --> 26:08.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ♪7 26:08.733 --> 26:08.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ♪7