WEBVTT 00:00.367 --> 00:01.267 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> ON THIS EDITION OF "SCITECH 00:01.267 --> 00:02.369 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% NOW," REDESIGNING ONE OF THE 00:02.369 --> 00:03.470 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MOST FAMOUS SPORTS STADIUMS IN 00:03.470 --> 00:04.571 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE COUNTRY SO IT LOOKS MORE 00:04.571 --> 00:05.638 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% LIKE A TREE. 00:05.638 --> 00:06.740 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SEE HOW ARCHITECTURE CAN HELP 00:06.740 --> 00:07.474 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% FEED THE HUNGRY. 00:07.474 --> 00:08.575 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% LEARN HOW FISH TOOK THE 00:08.575 --> 00:09.676 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% EVOLUTIONARY LEAP FROM WATER TO 00:09.676 --> 00:10.777 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% LAND, AND SEE WHAT ROLES STARS 00:10.777 --> 00:11.878 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% PLAYED IN EARLY SPACE 00:11.878 --> 00:12.979 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% EXPLORATION ALL COMING UP NEXT 00:12.979 --> 00:47.347 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ON "SCITECH NOW." 00:47.347 --> 00:47.714 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ♪7 00:47.714 --> 00:52.585 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> SIMON: HELLO. 00:52.585 --> 00:53.853 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% I'M SIMON PEREZ. 00:53.853 --> 00:55.622 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WELCOME TO "SCITECH NOW," OUR 00:55.622 --> 00:57.057 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WEEKLY PROGRAM BRINGING YOU THE 00:57.057 --> 00:59.259 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% LATEST BREAKTHROUGHS IN SCIENCE, 00:59.259 --> 01:00.527 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION HERE 01:00.527 --> 01:01.861 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IN CENTRAL NEW YORK AND ACROSS 01:01.861 --> 01:02.796 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE COUNTRY. 01:02.796 --> 01:05.098 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% BEFORE THE CARRIER DOME THERE 01:05.098 --> 01:07.867 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WAS THE HOUSTON ASTRODOME ONE OF 01:07.867 --> 01:10.336 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE MOST FAMOUS STADIUMS IN 01:10.336 --> 01:12.105 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AMERICA BUT HAS GONE UNUSED FOR 01:12.105 --> 01:12.972 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE PAST DECADE. 01:12.972 --> 01:14.507 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% A LOCAL ARCHITECT WANTS TO HELP 01:14.507 --> 01:16.042 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE BUILDING TURN OVER A NEW 01:16.042 --> 01:16.543 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% LEAF. 01:16.543 --> 01:20.380 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TREES HAVE INSPIRED HIM. 01:20.380 --> 01:22.348 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> THE NEW $31 MILLION HOME OF 01:22.348 --> 01:25.318 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE HOUSTON ASTROS. 01:25.318 --> 01:27.654 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> BEEN AROUND SINCE 1965. 01:27.654 --> 01:29.089 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> A DOME STADIUM THAT HOLDS 01:29.089 --> 01:30.723 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% NEARLY 50,000 FOR A BASEBALL 01:30.723 --> 01:31.524 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% GAME. 01:31.524 --> 01:33.259 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> PEOPLE GREW UP GOING TO BALL 01:33.259 --> 01:33.860 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% GAMES THERE. 01:33.860 --> 01:35.295 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ALL KINDS OF EVENTS HAPPENED 01:35.295 --> 01:35.762 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THERE. 01:35.762 --> 01:37.630 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> PLASTIC CEILING MAKES IT AN 01:37.630 --> 01:39.499 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ALL WEATHER STADIUM. 01:39.499 --> 01:41.267 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> WHEN IT WAS BUILT, THERE WAS 01:41.267 --> 01:42.102 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% NOTHING LIKE IT. 01:42.102 --> 01:43.403 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THERE WAS NOTHING EVEN CLOSE TO 01:43.403 --> 01:47.674 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE 643-FOOT, IT WAS NEVER DONE 01:47.674 --> 01:53.346 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% BEFORE. 01:53.346 --> 01:54.280 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> WHAT I THINK IS REALLY 01:54.280 --> 01:55.215 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IMPORTANT ABOUT THE DOME IS THAT 01:55.215 --> 01:57.417 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IT HAS INDIVIDUAL MEANINGS FOR 01:57.417 --> 01:57.984 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DIFFERENT PEOPLE. 01:57.984 --> 01:59.786 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IT HAS TO DO WITH WHAT WENT ON 01:59.786 --> 02:01.688 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% INSIDE, WHAT EVENT YOU SAW, WHO 02:01.688 --> 02:02.755 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% YOU WERE WITH? 02:02.755 --> 02:04.290 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> AS THE ASTRODOME GETS READY 02:04.290 --> 02:07.193 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TO SHUT ITS DOORS AFTER 35 YEARS 02:07.193 --> 02:08.695 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% OF HOSTING MAJOR LEAGUE 02:08.695 --> 02:09.295 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% BASEBALL... 02:09.295 --> 02:10.663 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> THIS BUILDING IS VERY 02:10.663 --> 02:11.598 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IMPORTANT TO HOUSTON. 02:11.598 --> 02:13.166 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% I STARTED THINKING ABOUT IT AS 02:13.166 --> 02:14.000 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AN ARCHITECT. 02:14.000 --> 02:16.669 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE MORE I LOOKED AT IT, THE 02:16.669 --> 02:18.204 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% BIGGEST INNOVATION IN THE DOME 02:18.204 --> 02:19.172 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IS THE ENGINEERING. 02:19.172 --> 02:21.608 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% LET'S REMOVE THE EXTERIOR 02:21.608 --> 02:23.209 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ENVELOPE AND CELEBRATE THE 02:23.209 --> 02:23.643 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% STRUCTURE. 02:23.643 --> 02:25.512 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% YOU HAVE THE PROBLEM, WHAT DO 02:25.512 --> 02:26.913 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% YOU DO WITH THAT? 02:26.913 --> 02:30.150 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% I WORKED FOR A LOT OF ARCHITECTS 02:30.150 --> 02:31.918 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ALL OVER THE WORLD AND THE ONES 02:31.918 --> 02:34.254 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% I ENJOYED WORKING FOR ARE THE 02:34.254 --> 02:36.189 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ONES THAT LOOK AT EVERY PROBLEM 02:36.189 --> 02:37.357 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DIFFERENTLY AND COME UP WITH 02:37.357 --> 02:41.027 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DIFFERENT SOLUTIONS. 02:41.027 --> 02:43.062 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IT'S KIND OF LIKE AN UNEXPOSED 02:43.062 --> 02:45.131 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% STRUCTURE AND THEN ON TOP OF 02:45.131 --> 02:46.332 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THAT IT HAS THE INFRASTRUCTURE 02:46.332 --> 02:47.500 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THAT LIVES ON IT WHICH IS 02:47.500 --> 02:48.168 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% INCREDIBLE. 02:48.168 --> 02:50.837 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% FERNS AND BIRDS AND SQUIRT 02:50.837 --> 02:51.638 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% NESTS. 02:51.638 --> 02:53.439 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AN AMAZING EXPERIENCE TO WALK 02:53.439 --> 02:56.910 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% UNDER THE TREES ACTS AS AN 02:56.910 --> 02:58.511 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% EXPERIENCE THE SHADE. 02:58.511 --> 03:01.981 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IT IS NOT ENCLOSED AND NOT QUITE 03:01.981 --> 03:03.283 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% UNCLOSED. 03:03.283 --> 03:04.884 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THAT'S WHAT THE DOME WOULD 03:04.884 --> 03:07.954 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% BECOME JUST AN ENORMOUS SCALE. 03:07.954 --> 03:10.757 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> I HAVE A PARTNER IN THIS. 03:10.757 --> 03:12.292 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ARCHITECTS WANT TO MAKE THE 03:12.292 --> 03:15.261 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WORLD A BETTER PLACE. 03:15.261 --> 03:16.529 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THIS IS THE CONCEPT. 03:16.529 --> 03:17.964 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% I'M NOT SAYING THIS IS WHAT IS 03:17.964 --> 03:19.699 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MOVING FORWARD. 03:19.699 --> 03:21.768 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE DOME IS CURRENTLY SURROUNDED 03:21.768 --> 03:23.303 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% BY PARKING. 03:23.303 --> 03:25.738 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THERE ARE 26,000 PARKING SPACES. 03:25.738 --> 03:27.040 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WHAT HAPPENS IS THE SUNSHINES ON 03:27.040 --> 03:29.142 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE BLACK ASPHALT AND THE HEAT 03:29.142 --> 03:31.344 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% RADIATES OFF THE ASPHALT, 03:31.344 --> 03:33.446 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ATTEMPTS TO RISE. 03:33.446 --> 03:35.181 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% A TERM FOR IT CALLED HEAT 03:35.181 --> 03:36.783 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ISLAND. 03:36.783 --> 03:38.551 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SO WE SURROUND THE DOME WITH A 03:38.551 --> 03:40.887 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% PARK, ALMOST 40 ACRES SO THAT 03:40.887 --> 03:42.522 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% PARK SPACE WOULD BE SHADED, 03:42.522 --> 03:44.357 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% COOLED SPACE WITH WATER 03:44.357 --> 03:46.426 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ABSORBING GRASS SURFACE AROUND 03:46.426 --> 03:47.260 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IT. 03:47.260 --> 03:49.128 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ONE OF THE HIGHLIGHT FEATURES OF 03:49.128 --> 03:50.530 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IT WOULD BE A RAMP THAT GOES ALL 03:50.530 --> 03:51.965 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE WAY TO THE TOP OF THE DOME 03:51.965 --> 03:53.266 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SO YOU CAN IMAGINE RUNNING UP 03:53.266 --> 03:54.300 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THERE IN THE MORNING, IT WOULD 03:54.300 --> 03:56.302 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% BE ALMOST A TWO-MILE RUN TO THE 03:56.302 --> 03:57.136 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TOP OF THE DOME. 03:57.136 --> 03:58.538 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% YOU CAN IMAGINE WALKING OR 03:58.538 --> 03:59.973 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% RUNNING UP THERE AND SEEING THE 03:59.973 --> 04:02.175 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SUN RISE OVER THE GULF. 04:02.175 --> 04:03.810 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AND THEN THE CENTER OF THE DOME 04:03.810 --> 04:05.211 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WE CALL THIS OTHER PIECE OF 04:05.211 --> 04:06.713 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% INFRASTRUCTURE THE GREAT FLOOR. 04:06.713 --> 04:08.448 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AND THE GREAT FLOOR WOULD BE A 04:08.448 --> 04:10.016 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% PLACE WHERE ANY KIND OF EVENT 04:10.016 --> 04:10.617 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CAN HAPPEN. 04:10.617 --> 04:12.952 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ROCK CONCERT, RODEO, ANYTHING 04:12.952 --> 04:15.321 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% YOU COULD IMAGINE. 04:15.321 --> 04:17.457 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TO HAVE THE DOME UNENCLOSED AND 04:17.457 --> 04:18.725 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TO HAVE THIS INFRASTRUCTURE IF 04:18.725 --> 04:21.427 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IT WOULD BE REALLY AN INCREDIBLY 04:21.427 --> 04:23.296 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% UNIQUE FEATURE FOR THE CITY. 04:23.296 --> 04:25.031 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IT WOULD BE LIKE THE EIFFEL 04:25.031 --> 04:27.333 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TOWER OF MUSIC. 04:27.333 --> 04:28.735 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WE HAVE HAD A TREMENDOUS 04:28.735 --> 04:31.337 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% RESPONSE TO THIS PROJECT. 04:31.337 --> 04:33.940 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% PEOPLE HAVE SAID IT WOULD BE AN 04:33.940 --> 04:35.842 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ATTRACTIVE THING TO DO WITH THE 04:35.842 --> 04:36.876 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ASTRODOME. 04:36.876 --> 04:39.178 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IT'S NOT A BASEBALL STADIUM ANY 04:39.178 --> 04:41.347 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% OR MORE FOOTBALL STADIUM. 04:41.347 --> 04:42.415 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SO WHAT IS IT? 04:42.415 --> 04:46.619 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THAT'S THE QUESTION, RIGHT? 04:46.619 --> 04:46.986 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ♪7 04:46.986 --> 04:48.021 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ♪7 04:48.021 --> 04:50.456 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> THE ASTRO ASTRODOME SHELTERED 04:50.456 --> 04:51.958 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THOUSANDS OF HURRICANE HARVEY 04:51.958 --> 04:53.092 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% VICTIMS IN AUGUST. 04:53.092 --> 04:56.129 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ARCHITECTURE CAN MAKE US FEEL 04:56.129 --> 04:56.496 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MANY THINGS. 04:56.496 --> 04:58.531 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SCARED, ALONE, COMFORTABLE, 04:58.531 --> 04:58.631 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% HAPPY. 04:58.631 --> 04:59.932 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE COOPER HOMELAND SECURITY 04:59.932 --> 05:01.701 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% NATIONAL DESIGN MUSEUM HAS A NEW 05:01.701 --> 05:03.202 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% EXHIBIT ON HOW DESIGN CAN 05:03.202 --> 05:05.538 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ADDRESS HUNGER AND HOMELESSNESS. 05:05.538 --> 05:07.874 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% "SCITECH NOW" CONTRIBUTOR HARI 05:07.874 --> 05:09.909 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SREENIVASAN SPOKE WITH THE 05:09.909 --> 05:11.077 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CURATOR OF THE EXHIBIT. 05:11.077 --> 05:12.945 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> WHAT MAKES GOOD DESIGN? 05:12.945 --> 05:14.447 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> I THINK SIGHTS A COMBINATION 05:14.447 --> 05:17.684 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% OF INNOVATION ADDRESSING, 05:17.684 --> 05:19.185 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ESPECIALLY IN THESE PARTICULAR 05:19.185 --> 05:21.054 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DESIGNS THAT WERE INCLUDED IN 05:21.054 --> 05:23.056 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE EXHIBITION, ADDRESS REAL 05:23.056 --> 05:25.792 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WORLD PROBLEMS, SOLVE ISSUES AND 05:25.792 --> 05:29.095 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% REALLY ADDRESS COMPLEX AND 05:29.095 --> 05:31.064 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SYSTEMIC ISSUES THAT ARE 05:31.064 --> 05:32.131 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CONFRONTING THE UNITED STATES 05:32.131 --> 05:33.199 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TODAY. 05:33.199 --> 05:35.401 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> IT SEEMS LESS ABOUT THE 05:35.401 --> 05:36.803 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DESIGNER AND MORE ABOUT THE 05:36.803 --> 05:38.104 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% POPULATION OR COMMUNITY THAT IS 05:38.104 --> 05:40.473 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% GOING TO INTERACT WITH IT OR BE 05:40.473 --> 05:41.674 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SERVED WITH IT, TOO. 05:41.674 --> 05:42.608 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> ABSOLUTELY. 05:42.608 --> 05:44.010 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MOST OF THE DESIGNS IN THE 05:44.010 --> 05:46.412 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% EXHIBITION WERE CREATED IN 05:46.412 --> 05:49.015 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% COLLABORATION WITH COMMUNITIES. 05:49.015 --> 05:50.917 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% YOU END UP WITH MUCH MORE 05:50.917 --> 05:55.355 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% RESILIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE AND 05:55.355 --> 05:56.856 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SOMETHING THAT REALLY REFLECTS 05:56.856 --> 05:58.157 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE NEEDS OF THE COMMUNITY 05:58.157 --> 05:59.759 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DIRECTLY. 05:59.759 --> 06:00.827 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> WHAT IS INTERESTING ABOUT THE 06:00.827 --> 06:02.362 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% EXHIBIT, THIS ISN'T JUST ABOUT 06:02.362 --> 06:03.296 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ARCHITECTURE. 06:03.296 --> 06:04.931 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IT'S NOT JUST ABOUT THE SPACES 06:04.931 --> 06:07.066 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CREATED BUT IT'S REALLY, I MEAN, 06:07.066 --> 06:09.836 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% YOU HAVE ONE THAT'S, THE MOBILE 06:09.836 --> 06:11.571 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MARKET ON WHEELS IN CHICAGO AND 06:11.571 --> 06:13.439 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THEN DIFFERENT TYPE OF WHEELS 06:13.439 --> 06:15.408 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ALMOST LOOKS LIKE AN ERECTOR SET 06:15.408 --> 06:19.112 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% BUT A PEDAL POWER CULTIVATOR. 06:19.112 --> 06:20.980 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WHAT WAS THE THINKING BEHIND THE 06:20.980 --> 06:22.415 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DIFFERENT OBJECTS AND WHAT DO 06:22.415 --> 06:23.716 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THEY HAVE IN COMMON? 06:23.716 --> 06:26.219 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> I THINK ACROSS THE BOARD THE 06:26.219 --> 06:28.454 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DESIGNERS ARE THINKING OF WAYS 06:28.454 --> 06:32.158 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TO SHARE RESOURCES MORE BROADLY, 06:32.158 --> 06:35.595 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TO CREATE MORE JUST AND 06:35.595 --> 06:37.463 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% EQUITABLE COMMUNITIES. 06:37.463 --> 06:39.098 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> SO HOW DOES THIS ADDRESS THAT 06:39.098 --> 06:41.434 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% QUESTION THAT YOU HAVE IS HOW 06:41.434 --> 06:43.536 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CAN DESIGN ADDRESS THE WORLD'S 06:43.536 --> 06:44.804 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MOST CRITICAL ISSUES WITH 06:44.804 --> 06:46.873 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% FUNCTIONABLE AFFORDABLE 06:46.873 --> 06:48.608 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SOLUTIONS? 06:48.608 --> 06:50.676 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> IT TAKES A RANGE OF 06:50.676 --> 06:53.880 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% APPROACHES AND STRATEGIES. 06:53.880 --> 06:57.417 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% YOU HAVE SOMETHING LIKE THE FARM 06:57.417 --> 06:59.585 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% HACK CYCLE WHERE A GROUP OF 06:59.585 --> 07:01.921 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% YOUNG FARMERS DECIDED THAT THEY 07:01.921 --> 07:04.891 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WANTED TO IMPROVE AGRICULTURE IN 07:04.891 --> 07:10.029 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE UNITED STATES. 07:10.029 --> 07:11.330 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AGRICULTURE WITH CLIMATE CHANGE, 07:11.330 --> 07:14.000 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% EXTENDED GROWING SEASONS, LARGE 07:14.000 --> 07:17.437 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% INDUSTRIAL FARMS, AND SO THEY 07:17.437 --> 07:20.907 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CAME TOGETHER AND SAID WE COULD 07:20.907 --> 07:23.309 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SHARE KNOWLEDGE FURTHER SO THEY 07:23.309 --> 07:26.179 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CREATED AN ONLINE DATABASE WHERE 07:26.179 --> 07:29.715 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THEY HAVE COLLECTED AND 07:29.715 --> 07:33.619 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DISSEMINATE OVER 150 MACHINE 07:33.619 --> 07:33.986 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TOOLS. 07:33.986 --> 07:35.721 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE ONE THAT WE HAVE DISPLAY IN 07:35.721 --> 07:38.858 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE EXHIBITION IS THE CULTIVATOR 07:38.858 --> 07:41.060 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WHICH ACTUALLY THEY CALL IT THE 07:41.060 --> 07:48.201 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CULTICYCLE. 07:48.201 --> 07:49.702 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IT IS A TRACTOR THAT CAN BE 07:49.702 --> 07:51.337 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ADAPTED VERY EASILY. 07:51.337 --> 07:52.538 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% OFF LINE THEY COME TOGETHER IN 07:52.538 --> 07:55.308 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THESE FARM HACK EVENTS WHERE 07:55.308 --> 07:57.977 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% YOUNG FARMERS, HACKERS, MAKERS, 07:57.977 --> 08:00.446 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ENGINEERS, DESIGNERS GET 08:00.446 --> 08:03.549 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TOGETHER AND BUILD THEM AND ADD 08:03.549 --> 08:06.519 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% HIGH TECHNOLOGY TO THIS VERY LOW 08:06.519 --> 08:09.856 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TECH MACHINE SO IT'S PEDAL 08:09.856 --> 08:10.523 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% POWERED. 08:10.523 --> 08:11.591 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ANYBODY CAN USE IT. 08:11.591 --> 08:13.593 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THEY ADD A TABLET TO IT, A 08:13.593 --> 08:16.062 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DIGITAL TABLET WHERE THEY CAN 08:16.062 --> 08:22.435 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MAP THE TERRAIN, TEST THE SOIL 08:22.435 --> 08:24.971 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AND SO IT'S COMBINING BOTH HIGH 08:24.971 --> 08:27.373 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TECH AND LOW TECH TECHNOLOGY 08:27.373 --> 08:30.042 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WITH SCIENCE TO TRANSFORM 08:30.042 --> 08:31.444 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AGRICULTURE IN THE UNITED STATES 08:31.444 --> 08:34.113 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SO IT'S MORE RESILIENT AND 08:34.113 --> 08:35.381 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ADAPTIVE. 08:35.381 --> 08:37.383 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> IN A WAY IT'S KIND OF THE 08:37.383 --> 08:39.151 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% FUNDAMENTALS OF WHAT THE COUNTRY 08:39.151 --> 08:41.787 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WAS BUILT ON, REALLY WHAT ANY 08:41.787 --> 08:42.989 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SOCIETY IS BUILT ON. 08:42.989 --> 08:44.590 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THEY HAVE A PROBLEM. 08:44.590 --> 08:46.392 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THEY FIGURE OUT HOW TO SOLVE IT. 08:46.392 --> 08:47.660 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THEY COME TOGETHER AND THEY 08:47.660 --> 08:49.662 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SHARE THE WEALTH AND THE RESULT. 08:49.662 --> 08:50.263 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> ABSOLUTELY. 08:50.263 --> 08:51.697 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% I THINK YOU POINTED OUT ANOTHER 08:51.697 --> 08:53.799 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ONE, THE ONE IN CHICAGO, THIS 08:53.799 --> 08:55.668 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WAS A GROUP OF YOUNG ARCHITECTS 08:55.668 --> 08:59.906 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THAT PARTNERED WITH A COMMUNITY 08:59.906 --> 09:02.141 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ADVOCATES TO TAKE OLD CITY BUSES 09:02.141 --> 09:05.778 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AND TRANSFORM THEM INTO ONE 09:05.778 --> 09:07.747 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AISLE PRODUCE MARKETS THAT THEY 09:07.747 --> 09:09.715 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TOOK INTO FOOD DESERTS. 09:09.715 --> 09:11.284 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% FOOD DESERTS FOR PEOPLE WHO 09:11.284 --> 09:13.719 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DON'T KNOW, ARE PLACES WHERE 09:13.719 --> 09:16.022 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% BRICK AND MORTAR STORES DON'T 09:16.022 --> 09:18.357 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% EXIST SO PEOPLE HAVE TO BUY AT A 09:18.357 --> 09:20.660 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% LOCAL MARKET. 09:20.660 --> 09:24.530 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AND SO THEY WENT IN AND BROUGHT 09:24.530 --> 09:26.966 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THESE OLD CITY BUSES OUTFITTED 09:26.966 --> 09:28.834 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WITH FRESH PRODUCE, BRINGING 09:28.834 --> 09:29.969 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% HEALTH MESSAGES. 09:29.969 --> 09:32.038 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE MAYOR, THE CURRENT MAYOR 09:32.038 --> 09:34.840 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% RIGHT NOW IS HOPING TO ERADICATE 09:34.840 --> 09:36.709 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE FOOD DESERTS THROUGHOUT 09:36.709 --> 09:38.077 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CHICAGO. 09:38.077 --> 09:39.245 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> FULL TIME STORES WOULD BE 09:39.245 --> 09:41.213 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% GREAT BUT THIS IS A GREAT STOP 09:41.213 --> 09:43.049 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% GAP IN BETWEEN AND THE IDEA CAN 09:43.049 --> 09:43.549 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SCALE. 09:43.549 --> 09:44.850 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% A LOT OF THESE IDEAS ARE NOT 09:44.850 --> 09:46.485 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% LIMITED TO THE SPACES THAT YOU 09:46.485 --> 09:48.120 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% FOUND THEM IN. 09:48.120 --> 09:51.357 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> TRUE. 09:51.357 --> 09:52.658 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WITH THE MOBILE MARKETS, THE 09:52.658 --> 09:55.094 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% PRODUCE MARKETS, THEY FOUND THAT 09:55.094 --> 09:57.363 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THERE WAS DEMAND THERE SO BRICK 09:57.363 --> 09:59.799 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AND MORTAR STORES ACTUALLY BEGAN 09:59.799 --> 10:01.801 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TO MOVE IN SO THERE WAS REAL 10:01.801 --> 10:04.837 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IMPACT USING THIS INNOVATIVE 10:04.837 --> 10:05.771 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DESIGN. 10:05.771 --> 10:08.774 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% I WOULD SAY ALSO ONE OF THE 10:08.774 --> 10:10.076 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% OTHER DESIGNS INCLUDED IN THE 10:10.076 --> 10:12.645 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% EXHIBITION IS TEXT FOR BABY 10:12.645 --> 10:15.081 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WHICH HAS BECOME VERY POPULAR. 10:15.081 --> 10:17.283 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AND IT WENT... IT SCALED UP 10:17.283 --> 10:19.151 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% VERY, VERY QUICKLY. 10:19.151 --> 10:20.453 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> FOR PEOPLE WHO DON'T KNOW 10:20.453 --> 10:21.754 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WHAT IT IS. 10:21.754 --> 10:24.256 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THIS IS FOR EXPECTING MOTHERS TO 10:24.256 --> 10:26.225 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% GET INFORMATION IN JUST THE 10:26.225 --> 10:27.560 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% RIGHT AMOUNT OF TIME AS THEY'RE 10:27.560 --> 10:30.863 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% PROGRESSING IN THE PREGNANCY. 10:30.863 --> 10:33.265 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> TIMED TO WHATEVER MONTH THEY 10:33.265 --> 10:34.300 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ARE. 10:34.300 --> 10:36.168 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> MAKE SURE YOU ARE CHECKING IN 10:36.168 --> 10:38.137 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WITH THIS DOCTOR OR HAVING THESE 10:38.137 --> 10:40.106 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% VITAMINS, RIGHT? 10:40.106 --> 10:41.173 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> ONE OF THE THINGS I THOUGHT 10:41.173 --> 10:43.376 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IT WAS INTERESTING AND INCLUDED 10:43.376 --> 10:45.144 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IT IN THE EXHIBITION IS THE IDEA 10:45.144 --> 10:46.545 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CAME OUT OF AFRICAN SOUTH 10:46.545 --> 10:48.547 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AMERICA THAT THE DESIGNER WAS 10:48.547 --> 10:49.949 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WORKING IN THESE PLACES AND 10:49.949 --> 10:51.684 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DELIVERING HEALTH MESSAGES. 10:51.684 --> 10:53.219 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IT WASN'T HAPPENING HERE IN THE 10:53.219 --> 10:54.754 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% U.S. SO HE BROUGHT THIS IDEA 10:54.754 --> 10:56.856 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% BACK TO THE U.S., PARTNERED WITH 10:56.856 --> 11:02.795 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL 11:02.795 --> 11:05.231 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SO WE HAVE SCIENTIFIC MESSAGES. 11:05.231 --> 11:07.099 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE WIRELESS FOUNDATION AND 11:07.099 --> 11:08.401 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MOBILE CARRIERS SO THEY'RE 11:08.401 --> 11:09.235 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DELIVERED FREE. 11:09.235 --> 11:10.736 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE WHITE HOUSE OFFICE OF 11:10.736 --> 11:12.705 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SO THEY 11:12.705 --> 11:14.674 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CAME UP WITH A BROAD STRATEGY, 11:14.674 --> 11:16.809 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AND OVER A MILLION MOTHERS ARE 11:16.809 --> 11:18.544 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% RECEIVING THEM NOW AND THEY'RE 11:18.544 --> 11:20.379 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% VERY EFFECTIVE. 11:20.379 --> 11:23.082 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THEY... A RECENT STUDY FOUND 11:23.082 --> 11:27.186 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THAT MOTHERS WHO WERE SCHEDULED 11:27.186 --> 11:30.189 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TO HAVE VACCINATIONS, THEY 11:30.189 --> 11:32.191 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% RECEIVED THE MESSAGE THEY WERE 11:32.191 --> 11:33.859 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TWO TIMES MORE LIKELY TO HAVE 11:33.859 --> 11:34.660 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE VACCINATION. 11:34.660 --> 11:35.761 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SO IT'S EFFECTIVE. 11:35.761 --> 11:38.164 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> AND GREAT DESIGN. 11:38.164 --> 11:39.632 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CYNTHIA SMITH FROM THE COOPER 11:39.632 --> 11:48.007 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% HEWITT THANK YOU. 11:48.007 --> 11:49.375 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIMBS 11:49.375 --> 11:51.477 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ALLOWED WATER DWELLING CREATURES 11:51.477 --> 11:53.012 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TO MOVE ON TO LAND. 11:53.012 --> 11:54.313 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THERE IS A NEW THEORY. 11:54.313 --> 11:56.449 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WHAT IF IT WAS THE DEVELOPMENT 11:56.449 --> 11:57.917 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% OF EYES. 11:57.917 --> 11:59.685 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> ALMOST 400 MILLION YEARS AGO 11:59.685 --> 12:04.223 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SOME ADVENTURE ADVENTUROUS FISH 12:04.223 --> 12:06.325 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MADE A HUGE LEAP THAT EVENTUALLY 12:06.325 --> 12:07.993 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MADE TO THE EVOLUTION OF HUMAN 12:07.993 --> 12:08.127 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% KIND. 12:08.127 --> 12:10.796 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THEY DECIDED TO COME UP ON LAND. 12:10.796 --> 12:12.765 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WE HUMANS PROBABLY WOULD NEVER 12:12.765 --> 12:14.734 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% HAVE EVOLVED THE INTELLIGENCE WE 12:14.734 --> 12:17.069 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% HAVE TODAY IF NOT FOR THAT MOVE 12:17.069 --> 12:17.970 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ON TO LAND. 12:17.970 --> 12:19.138 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WHY? 12:19.138 --> 12:21.474 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% BECAUSE IT VASTLY IMPROVED OUR 12:21.474 --> 12:24.443 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% EYE SIGHT. 12:24.443 --> 12:27.680 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ACCORDING TO NEUROSCIENTIST 12:27.680 --> 12:29.448 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MALCOLM MacIVER, THE WAY WE 12:29.448 --> 12:32.418 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THINK ABOUT THE WORLD IS CLOSELY 12:32.418 --> 12:34.153 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TIED TO WHAT WE CAN SEE AND FISH 12:34.153 --> 12:36.355 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CAN'T SEE A WHOLE HECK OF A LOT. 12:36.355 --> 12:38.457 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MAINLY BECAUSE LIGHT DOESN'T 12:38.457 --> 12:39.959 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TRAVEL VERY FAR IN WATER. 12:39.959 --> 12:44.130 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% OUR ANCIENT FISH ANCESTORS LIVED 12:44.130 --> 12:46.232 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THEIR LIVES IN A CONSTANT FOG SO 12:46.232 --> 12:48.667 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THEIR BRAINS EVOLVED TO REACT 12:48.667 --> 12:50.402 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% QUICKLY TO WHATEVER APPEARED ON 12:50.402 --> 12:52.671 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE HORIZON. 12:52.671 --> 12:55.574 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MacIVER HAD THE THEORY THAT 12:55.574 --> 12:57.810 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE MOVE TO LAND EXPANDED OUR 12:57.810 --> 13:00.112 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AQUATIC VISION AND IN TURN OUR 13:00.112 --> 13:00.346 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% BRAINS. 13:00.346 --> 13:03.916 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TO TEST HIS THEORY. 13:03.916 --> 13:05.451 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THEY SPENT A YEAR RUNNING 13:05.451 --> 13:07.319 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SIMULATIONS WITH FOSSIL DATA. 13:07.319 --> 13:09.822 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THEIR RESEARCH REVEALED NEW 13:09.822 --> 13:11.590 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CLUES ABOUT WHY FISH CAME ON TO 13:11.590 --> 13:13.292 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% LAND IN THE FIRST PLACE. 13:13.292 --> 13:14.727 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IT ALL SEEMS TO HAVE STARTED 13:14.727 --> 13:17.296 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WHEN THE FIRST FISH PEEKED ABOVE 13:17.296 --> 13:18.230 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE WATER SURFACE. 13:18.230 --> 13:20.332 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SUDDENLY IT WAS ABLE TO SEE 70 13:20.332 --> 13:28.874 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TIMES FURTHER AND BEHOLD A 13:28.874 --> 13:31.277 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SMORGASBORD OF TASTY LAND 13:31.277 --> 13:32.077 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DWELLERS. 13:32.077 --> 13:33.846 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TO CAPITALIZE ON THIS, THE FISH 13:33.846 --> 13:35.247 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WOULD HAVE TO EVOLVE. 13:35.247 --> 13:37.950 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ITS EYES SOON MOVED TO THE TOP 13:37.950 --> 13:40.419 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% OF ITS HEAD AND TRIPLED IN SIZE 13:40.419 --> 13:42.788 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AND THE FINS BEGAN EVOLVING INTO 13:42.788 --> 13:46.458 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% LIMBS SO IT COULD STALK ITS PREY 13:46.458 --> 13:48.661 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% LIKE A CROCODILE. 13:48.661 --> 13:51.130 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% HUNTING ON LAND WAS AN EARLY 13:51.130 --> 13:52.765 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% GAME CHANGER. 13:52.765 --> 13:55.067 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THEIR SENSORY VOLUME INCREASED A 13:55.067 --> 13:56.902 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MILLION FOLD GIVING THEM A MUCH 13:56.902 --> 13:59.004 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% BIGGER WINDOW INTO THE FUTURE. 13:59.004 --> 14:00.339 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE FIRST ANIMAL THAT FIGURED 14:00.339 --> 14:01.874 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% OUT HOW TO PLAN ACCORDINGLY 14:01.874 --> 14:03.409 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% INSTEAD OF JUST REACTING WOULD 14:03.409 --> 14:05.611 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% HAVE HAD A HUGE EVOLUTIONARY 14:05.611 --> 14:08.347 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ADVANTAGE. 14:08.347 --> 14:09.982 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IT IS THAT KIND OF NATURAL 14:09.982 --> 14:12.418 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SELECTION A MILLION TIMES AND 14:12.418 --> 14:14.053 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% EVENTUALLY WE HAVE SOMETHING 14:14.053 --> 14:15.554 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CALLED PERSPECTIVE COGNITION. 14:15.554 --> 14:17.556 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THAT'S OUR ABILITY TO WEIGH 14:17.556 --> 14:20.326 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DIFFERENT OPTIONS FOR THE FUTURE 14:20.326 --> 14:27.166 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AND CHOOSE STRATEGICALLY. 14:27.166 --> 14:28.934 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TO THIS DAY, FISH HAVE NOT 14:28.934 --> 14:30.803 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% EVOLVED THOSE KINDS OF COMPLEX 14:30.803 --> 14:32.872 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% PLANNING SKILLS BUT MANY LAND 14:32.872 --> 14:35.975 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ANIMALS HAVE. 14:35.975 --> 14:37.843 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% UNDERSTANDING THE EVOLUTIONARY 14:37.843 --> 14:39.345 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ROOTS OF INTELLIGENCE HELPS 14:39.345 --> 14:42.147 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% EXPLAIN HOW HUMANS GOT SO SMART 14:42.147 --> 14:44.550 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% BUT ALSO WHY WE ARE SO DUMB. 14:44.550 --> 14:46.018 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WE HAVE EVOLVED TO DEAL WITH THE 14:46.018 --> 14:47.386 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THINGS WE CAN SEE IN THE HERE 14:47.386 --> 14:48.654 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AND NOW. 14:48.654 --> 14:50.756 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WE STILL DON'T PLAN WELL FOR 14:50.756 --> 14:52.825 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THINGS THAT ARE TOO FAR AWAY IN 14:52.825 --> 14:54.126 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TIME OR SPACE. 14:54.126 --> 14:58.664 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WE'LL... WILL THAT VISION EVER 14:58.664 --> 15:01.567 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% EVOLVE SO WE CAN SEE THE 15:01.567 --> 15:03.102 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CONSEQUENCES OF OUR ACTIONS MORE 15:03.102 --> 15:03.702 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CLEARLY? 15:03.702 --> 15:05.104 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% EVOLUTION WON'T MAKE THAT HAPPEN 15:05.104 --> 15:05.938 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ANY TIME SOON. 15:05.938 --> 15:06.672 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% BUT UNDERSTANDING THE 15:06.672 --> 15:07.940 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VISION AND 15:07.940 --> 15:10.109 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% PLANNING MAY HELP US ENGINEER 15:10.109 --> 15:12.678 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SOLUTIONS BY USING TECHNOLOGY TO 15:12.678 --> 15:15.881 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% BRING FAR AWAY THINGS CLOSER. 15:15.881 --> 15:17.616 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THAT JUST MIGHT GIVE US THE 15:17.616 --> 15:19.685 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% EVOLUTIONARY ADVANTAGE WE NEED 15:19.685 --> 15:22.888 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TO SURVIVE THE NEXT 400 MILLION 15:22.888 --> 15:27.459 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% YEARS. 15:27.459 --> 15:29.728 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> HERE WITH US TO DISCUSS HIS 15:29.728 --> 15:31.597 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% RESEARCH IS MALCOLM MacIVER 15:31.597 --> 15:36.568 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% PROFESSOR OF BIOENGINEERING AND. 15:36.568 --> 15:38.203 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AT NORTH WESTERN UNIVERSITY. 15:38.203 --> 15:39.738 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WHEN YOU LOOKED AT THE FOSSIL 15:39.738 --> 15:42.474 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DATA, THIS IS SOMETHING WE 15:42.474 --> 15:44.810 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THOUGHT ABOUT FOREVER AND EVER 15:44.810 --> 15:46.412 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THAT FISH GREW LIMBS. 15:46.412 --> 15:47.613 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WHAT IS THE VISION CONNECTION? 15:47.613 --> 15:48.447 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> THE VISION CONNECTION IS 15:48.447 --> 15:50.916 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THAT, WELL, 10 YEARS AGO I 15:50.916 --> 15:53.986 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% PREDICTED THAT AN ANIMALS COMING 15:53.986 --> 15:56.488 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% UP ON AIR GIVEN AT AIR IS MUCH 15:56.488 --> 15:57.890 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MORE TRANSPARENT THAT WOULD 15:57.890 --> 16:00.125 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% FAVOR BIGGER EYES BECAUSE AIR 16:00.125 --> 16:01.760 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ALLOWS VISION TO WORK MUCH 16:01.760 --> 16:02.361 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% BETTER. 16:02.361 --> 16:06.565 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SO MYSELF AND LASER SCHMIDT AND 16:06.565 --> 16:08.233 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SOME COLLABORATORS CHECKED THE 16:08.233 --> 16:09.868 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% FOSSIL RECORD AND WHAT WE FOUND 16:09.868 --> 16:10.936 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WAS ACTUALLY MUCH MORE 16:10.936 --> 16:12.338 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% INTERESTING WHICH IS THAT THERE 16:12.338 --> 16:16.041 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WAS A TRIPLING OF THE SOCKETS 16:16.041 --> 16:17.576 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THAT HOLD EYES JUST BEFORE WE 16:17.576 --> 16:18.877 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CAME UP ON THE LAND. 16:18.877 --> 16:21.447 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> SO THE IDEA IS THAT THIS 16:21.447 --> 16:23.515 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MIGHT HAVE ACTUALLY HAD 16:23.515 --> 16:25.150 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SOMETHING TO DO WITH COMING UP 16:25.150 --> 16:25.751 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ON TO LAND. 16:25.751 --> 16:28.287 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> HOW DO I KNOW WHICH CAME 16:28.287 --> 16:28.854 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% FIRST? 16:28.854 --> 16:31.323 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE EYE SOCKETS OR THE LENS? 16:31.323 --> 16:32.391 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> ONE THING IS THAT IT IS CLEAR 16:32.391 --> 16:35.060 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IS THAT THIS TRIPLING OCCURRED 16:35.060 --> 16:37.329 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% BEFORE LIMBS BECAME DIGITTED. 16:37.329 --> 16:39.798 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% BEFORE FINGERS AND TOES EMERGED. 16:39.798 --> 16:41.867 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% UP ON THAT TIME YOU CAN IMAGINE 16:41.867 --> 16:44.436 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% A PECTORAL FIN OF A FISH KIND OF 16:44.436 --> 16:46.538 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% STUBBY LIMB-LIKE THING AND THEY 16:46.538 --> 16:48.974 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% PRESUMABLY PADDLED UP ON TO LAND 16:48.974 --> 16:50.709 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TO GET WHAT THEY WERE INTERESTED 16:50.709 --> 16:52.544 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IN THERE USING THOSE LIMBS. 16:52.544 --> 16:54.079 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SO THERE IS A TRANSITIONAL 16:54.079 --> 16:55.948 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% PERIOD WHERE YOU GO FROM A THIN 16:55.948 --> 16:58.517 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% LIKE THING TO A LIMB LIKE THING. 16:58.517 --> 17:00.319 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE EYES TRIPLE IN SIZE AND THEN 17:00.319 --> 17:02.521 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WE SEE COMPLETE LIMBS IN THE 17:02.521 --> 17:03.022 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% RECORD. 17:03.022 --> 17:04.056 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> AND THERE IS ALSO A 17:04.056 --> 17:05.457 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CORRELATION BETWEEN OUR ABILITY 17:05.457 --> 17:08.460 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TO SEE AND HOW OUR BRAINS 17:08.460 --> 17:09.294 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DEVELOP. 17:09.294 --> 17:11.363 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> YEAH WELL SO THIS IS SORT OF 17:11.363 --> 17:15.434 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE ORIGIN OF THE IDEA WAS THIS 17:15.434 --> 17:17.736 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IDEA THAT ANIMALS IN WATER, 17:17.736 --> 17:19.605 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% BECAUSE THEY CAN ONLY SEE ABOUT 17:19.605 --> 17:21.607 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% A BODY LENGTH IN FRONT OF THEM, 17:21.607 --> 17:25.177 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% HAVE TO REACT TO SENSORY INPUT 17:25.177 --> 17:31.917 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% REFLEXIVELY LIKE WHEN SOMEBODY 17:31.917 --> 17:33.585 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TAPS YOUR KNEE. 17:33.585 --> 17:35.921 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THEY HAVE TO INPUT THE SENSORY 17:35.921 --> 17:37.456 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DATA AND IMMEDIATELY REACT. 17:37.456 --> 17:38.757 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THERE IS NO ADVANTAGE TO 17:38.757 --> 17:40.526 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% STRATEGIC THINKING IN THAT KIND 17:40.526 --> 17:41.226 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% OF VICE MAYOR. 17:41.226 --> 17:42.961 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ONCE YOU ARE ON LAND YOU CAN SEE 17:42.961 --> 17:45.731 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% 100 TIMES FURTHER OUT SO NOW YOU 17:45.731 --> 17:49.101 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% COULD STILL REACT REFLEXIVELY TO 17:49.101 --> 17:50.269 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WHAT YOU SEE BUT THE FIRST 17:50.269 --> 17:52.171 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ANIMAL THAT CAN ACQUIRE THE SET 17:52.171 --> 17:54.740 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% OF MUTATIONS THAT LETS YOU 17:54.740 --> 17:56.475 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DISCONNECT AND THINK OF POSSIBLE 17:56.475 --> 17:58.243 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% FUTURES AND THEN PICK THE BEST 17:58.243 --> 18:00.012 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ONE, THAT ANIMAL WILL HAVE A 18:00.012 --> 18:01.980 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MASSIVE EVOLUTIONARY ADVANTAGE. 18:01.980 --> 18:03.282 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> WHAT IS THIS IDEA OF THIS 18:03.282 --> 18:06.318 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CONNECTION BETWEEN HOW WE THINK 18:06.318 --> 18:08.087 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% OUR VICE MAYOR... WHAT DOES THAT 18:08.087 --> 18:10.656 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MEAN FOR HUMANS GOING FORWARD? 18:10.656 --> 18:13.392 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> SO THIS IS A REALLY GOOD 18:13.392 --> 18:15.194 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% QUESTION AND WHAT WE THINK 18:15.194 --> 18:16.628 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% STUDYING THIS PROCESS OR 18:16.628 --> 18:18.597 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% STUDYING THIS POSSIBLE 18:18.597 --> 18:21.166 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% EVOLUTIONARY TRAJECTORY WHEREBY 18:21.166 --> 18:26.305 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WE BECAME ANALYZERS OF STRATEGIC 18:26.305 --> 18:28.340 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% FUTURES MAY HELP US SEE WHY WE 18:28.340 --> 18:29.875 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% HAVE CERTAIN HOLES IN OUR 18:29.875 --> 18:31.376 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ABILITY TO THINK STRATEGICALLY. 18:31.376 --> 18:32.678 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IN PARTICULAR A LOT OF PEOPLE 18:32.678 --> 18:34.446 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% HAVE NOTED THAT WE HAVE A VERY 18:34.446 --> 18:37.549 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% HARD TIME THINKING ON GEOLOGICAL 18:37.549 --> 18:39.184 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TIME SCALES EVEN THREE OR FOUR 18:39.184 --> 18:40.586 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% GENERATIONS FORWARD IS VERY 18:40.586 --> 18:44.890 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TOUGH FOR PEOPLE AND ONE OF THE 18:44.890 --> 18:47.559 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IDEAS WE SUGGESTED IN OUR WORK 18:47.559 --> 18:51.997 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IS THAT THIS MIGHT TRACE BACK TO 18:51.997 --> 18:55.701 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WHY IT IS WE BECAME COGNIZANT OF 18:55.701 --> 18:59.571 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MULTIPLE THINGS IN THE FIRST 18:59.571 --> 19:03.909 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% PLACE WAS TO ACT STRATEGICALLY. 19:03.909 --> 19:06.111 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WE CAN BOOTSTRAP THAT WITH 19:06.111 --> 19:07.946 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% LANGUAGE AND PLANS OVER FIVE TO 19:07.946 --> 19:09.515 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% 10 YEARS BUT ULTIMATELY WHAT WE 19:09.515 --> 19:11.517 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ARE POINTING TO IS IT MIGHT BE A 19:11.517 --> 19:12.818 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DIFFICULT FIT AND WE MIGHT NEED 19:12.818 --> 19:14.920 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TO THINK VERY CAREFUL CAREFULLY 19:14.920 --> 19:16.421 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ABOUT HOW WE MIGHT AUGMENT OUR 19:16.421 --> 19:18.390 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ABILITY TO THINK STRATEGICALLY 19:18.390 --> 19:19.558 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TO DEAL WITH PROBLEMS LIKE 19:19.558 --> 19:20.993 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CLIMATE CHANGE AND OTHER THINGS 19:20.993 --> 19:23.061 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THAT HAPPEN OVER VAST TIME 19:23.061 --> 19:23.295 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SCALES. 19:23.295 --> 19:25.531 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> HOW WOULD WE AUGMENT THAT? 19:25.531 --> 19:26.698 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> WELL ONE OF THE THINGS THAT 19:26.698 --> 19:30.269 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IS... ONE OF THE THINGS WE CAN 19:30.269 --> 19:31.803 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DO IS TO THINK ABOUT HOW DO WE 19:31.803 --> 19:35.541 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MAKE THE DISTANT CONSEQUENCES OF 19:35.541 --> 19:40.712 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% OUR ACTIONS, OR TEMPORALLY, FAR 19:40.712 --> 19:41.613 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AWAY INTO THE FUTURE. 19:41.613 --> 19:44.416 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% HOW DO WE PUT THOSE INTO OUR 19:44.416 --> 19:45.450 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SENSORY BUBBLE. 19:45.450 --> 19:47.653 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% YOU THINK OF SOMETHING LIKE A 19:47.653 --> 19:49.555 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% NEST OR THE INDICATORS SHOWING 19:49.555 --> 19:51.990 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WHAT YOU ARE DOING, WHAT ARE THE 19:51.990 --> 19:53.859 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ENVIRONMENTAL OR ENERGETIC 19:53.859 --> 19:54.826 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CONSEQUENCES OF WHAT YOU ARE 19:54.826 --> 19:56.228 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DOING RIGHT NOW? 19:56.228 --> 19:58.430 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IF WE CAN TAKE LONG RANGE 19:58.430 --> 20:00.165 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CONSEQUENCES OF OUR BEHAVIORS 20:00.165 --> 20:01.833 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% OUR POLICIES AND PUT THOSE IN 20:01.833 --> 20:03.936 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AND SORT OF DRAW BACK THE 20:03.936 --> 20:05.704 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CONCLUSIONS OF THAT INTO OUR 20:05.704 --> 20:08.707 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CURRENT SPACE, THAT MAY HELP US 20:08.707 --> 20:11.910 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THINK MORE STRATEGICALLY AT THE 20:11.910 --> 20:12.644 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CURRENT TIME. 20:12.644 --> 20:14.446 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> MALCOLM MacIVER OF 20:14.446 --> 20:15.614 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. 20:15.614 --> 20:17.716 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THANK YOU FOR JOINING US. 20:17.716 --> 20:18.884 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> IN THE EARLY DAYS OF SPACE 20:18.884 --> 20:21.486 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% EXPLORATION, MANY OF AMERICA'S 20:21.486 --> 20:23.455 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ASTRONAUTS STUDIED AT THE 20:23.455 --> 20:24.489 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA 20:24.489 --> 20:25.891 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CHAPEL HILL. 20:25.891 --> 20:26.825 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THEIR FOCUS? 20:26.825 --> 20:28.493 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% HOW TO USE STARS TO FIGURE OUT 20:28.493 --> 20:30.229 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WHERE TO GO? 20:30.229 --> 20:32.164 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THIS STORY FOLLOWS ASTRONAUT 20:32.164 --> 20:34.099 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% JIM LOVELL TO NORTH CAROLINA 20:34.099 --> 20:37.669 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% 50 YEARS AFTER LIFTOFF. 20:37.669 --> 20:39.871 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> NASA SENT OWL OF ITS 20:39.871 --> 20:41.807 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ASTRONAUTS TO MOREHEAD 20:41.807 --> 20:43.308 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% PLANETARIUM IN THE EARLY DAYS OF 20:43.308 --> 20:44.676 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE SPACE PROGRAM. 20:44.676 --> 20:47.379 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AGENCY SPACE PIONEERS MAY HAVE 20:47.379 --> 20:48.914 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% BEEN FLYING TO THE HEAVENS BUT 20:48.914 --> 20:50.349 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THEY NEEDED TO KNOW HOW TO 20:50.349 --> 20:52.217 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MANUALLY NAVIGATE USING THE 20:52.217 --> 20:54.219 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% STARS IN THE EVENT OF MECHANICAL 20:54.219 --> 20:55.187 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% FAILURE. 20:55.187 --> 20:57.289 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> YOU HAVE TO HOLD IT, IF YOU 20:57.289 --> 20:58.924 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WASN'T TO SEE PART OF THE SKY 20:58.924 --> 21:00.559 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% YOU HAVE TO KNOW THE STARS TO 21:00.559 --> 21:03.095 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% FIGURE OUT IF YOU HAVE A STAR 21:03.095 --> 21:05.097 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% NOT IN YOUR VIEW, YOU HAVE TO 21:05.097 --> 21:06.732 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% KNOW WHICH WAY TO GO LOOKING AT 21:06.732 --> 21:08.467 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE SKY YOU CAN SEE. 21:08.467 --> 21:10.769 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> JIM LOVELL MADE EIGHT TRIPS 21:10.769 --> 21:13.405 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TO CHAPEL HILL TO LEARN STAR 21:13.405 --> 21:15.607 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% NAVIGATION, PROVIDING AN 21:15.607 --> 21:18.644 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ASTRONAUT WITH AN UNCOMPLICATED 21:18.644 --> 21:20.612 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WAY TO SEE HIS LOCATION IN THE 21:20.612 --> 21:24.950 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SKY AND IN RELATION TO EARTH 21:24.950 --> 21:25.884 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WITHOUT INSTRUMENTS. 21:25.884 --> 21:27.085 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> WE LEARNED ABOUT THE STARS 21:27.085 --> 21:27.452 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THEMSELVES. 21:27.452 --> 21:32.424 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% I MEAN LOOKING AT THE DOME, AND 21:32.424 --> 21:33.925 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THEN LOOKING AT THE 21:33.925 --> 21:35.560 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CONSTELLATIONS FIRST OF ALL WE 21:35.560 --> 21:39.364 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% LOOK TO THE CONSTELLATION 21:39.364 --> 21:41.133 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% BECAUSE THEY WERE THE GUIDE FOR 21:41.133 --> 21:43.802 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% US TO LOOK AT THE STARS. 21:43.802 --> 21:47.372 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> THE PLANETARIUM'S 13-FOOT 21:47.372 --> 21:49.241 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% PROJECTOR DISPLAYED THE STARS IN 21:49.241 --> 21:53.178 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE BUILDING'S DOME ABOVE THEM. 21:53.178 --> 21:55.914 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THEY WOULD SIT IN A USEABLE 21:55.914 --> 21:58.917 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CHAIR MODELED AFTER THE SPACE 21:58.917 --> 21:59.384 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CRAFT. 21:59.384 --> 22:01.019 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> ONE OF THE WINDOWS LOOKING 22:01.019 --> 22:03.889 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% OUT YOU SAW A TRIANGULAR SHAPE 22:03.889 --> 22:06.591 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% OF THE SKY AND SO THE STARS THAT 22:06.591 --> 22:09.227 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% YOU WANTED TO NAVIGATE PERHAPS 22:09.227 --> 22:10.295 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WERE NOT THERE. 22:10.295 --> 22:12.931 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WE ONLY HAD 37 STARS IN OUR 22:12.931 --> 22:20.572 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% COMPUTER OF WHICH TO USE. 22:20.572 --> 22:22.307 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> JIM LOVELL IS THE ONLY NASA 22:22.307 --> 22:23.508 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ASTRONAUTS TO MAKE TWO TRIPS TO 22:23.508 --> 22:25.010 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE MOON BUT NEVER LAND THERE. 22:25.010 --> 22:28.146 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% HE USED THOSE NAVIGATION SKILLS 22:28.146 --> 22:29.581 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% LEARNED AT MOREHEAD ON HIS 22:29.581 --> 22:31.183 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SECOND TRIP TO THE MOON ON 22:31.183 --> 22:33.719 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% APOLLO 13 WHEN AN OXYGEN TANK 22:33.719 --> 22:35.253 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% EXPLOSION TURNED A LUNAR MISSION 22:35.253 --> 22:37.356 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% INTO A GET BACK TO EARTH SAFELY 22:37.356 --> 22:38.290 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MISSION. 22:38.290 --> 22:42.961 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> I SAW THE QUANTITY GAUGES ON 22:42.961 --> 22:44.963 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% OUR OXYGEN TANKS WITH ONE OF 22:44.963 --> 22:47.165 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THEM ZERO AND I COULD SEE THE 22:47.165 --> 22:48.600 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% NEEDLE GO DOWN ON THE OTHER ONE 22:48.600 --> 22:52.871 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AND CONSEQUENTLY I KNEW WE WERE 22:52.871 --> 22:54.473 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IN DEEP TROUBLE. 22:54.473 --> 22:56.675 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% I LOOKED OUT THE SIDE WINDOW AND 22:56.675 --> 22:59.177 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% I COULD SEE THE GAS ESCAPING AT 22:59.177 --> 23:01.513 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% VERY HIGH RATE OF SPEED, WHICH 23:01.513 --> 23:03.248 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TOLD ME THAT SHORTLY WE WOULD BE 23:03.248 --> 23:05.584 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% OUT OF OXYGEN BECAUSE WE USED 23:05.584 --> 23:08.587 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% OXYGEN TO USE THE ELECTRICITY. 23:08.587 --> 23:09.888 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WE WOULD BE OUT OF ELECTRICITY 23:09.888 --> 23:12.324 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AND BECAUSE WE USE ELECTRICITY 23:12.324 --> 23:16.294 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TO CONTROL OUR VEHICLE, WE WOULD 23:16.294 --> 23:20.866 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% LOSE OUR PROPULSION SYSTEM. 23:20.866 --> 23:26.138 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SO IT WAS THE LOW POINT PROBABLY 23:26.138 --> 23:29.007 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% OF THE FLIGHT BECAUSE WE KNEW WE 23:29.007 --> 23:32.344 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WERE IN DEEP TROUBLE, BUT WE HAD 23:32.344 --> 23:34.379 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% NO WAY AT THAT TIME TO THINK 23:34.379 --> 23:39.117 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ABOUT HOW TO GET OUT OF IT. 23:39.117 --> 23:41.186 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> JIM LOVELL'S GREATEST MEMORY 23:41.186 --> 23:42.954 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% CAME ON HIS FIRST TRIP TO THE 23:42.954 --> 23:45.957 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MOON IN 1968 WHEN APOLLO 8 23:45.957 --> 23:48.026 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% BECAME THE FIRST SPACE CRAFT TO 23:48.026 --> 23:51.129 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ORBIT EARTH'S NEIGHBOR AND 23:51.129 --> 23:52.998 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WITNESS THE FIRST EARTH RISE. 23:52.998 --> 23:57.769 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> BEHIND MY THUMB WAS THE EARTH 23:57.769 --> 23:59.871 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AND I KNEW THAT 240,000 MILES 23:59.871 --> 24:01.907 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AWAY THERE WAS A BODY THAT HAD 24:01.907 --> 24:05.076 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% APPROXIMATELY FIVE OR 6 BILLION 24:05.076 --> 24:07.279 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% PEOPLE ON IT ALL STRIVING FOR 24:07.279 --> 24:08.613 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE SAME THINGS IN LIFE. 24:08.613 --> 24:10.148 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AND I REALLY THOUGHT THAT FOR A 24:10.148 --> 24:12.984 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WHILE. 24:12.984 --> 24:15.320 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% HERE IS THIS BODY AND ALL AROUND 24:15.320 --> 24:16.021 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% IS SPACE. 24:16.021 --> 24:18.356 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% I COULD SEE THE MOON RIGHT THERE 24:18.356 --> 24:20.826 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AND THE SUN WAS BEHIND IT. 24:20.826 --> 24:22.427 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% EVERYTHING THAT I HAD EVER KNOWN 24:22.427 --> 24:23.895 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WAS BACK THERE AND I THOUGHT TO 24:23.895 --> 24:26.731 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MYSELF IN REALITY, AND OF COURSE 24:26.731 --> 24:29.301 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% REINFORCES ITSELF OVER THE YEARS 24:29.301 --> 24:32.170 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THAT REALLY THAT GOD HAS GIVEN 24:32.170 --> 24:33.104 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% US A STAGE. 24:33.104 --> 24:35.440 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% GOD HAS GIVEN US A STAGE IN 24:35.440 --> 24:38.410 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WHICH TO PERFORM. 24:38.410 --> 24:40.512 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AND HOW THAT PLAY TURNS OUT IS 24:40.512 --> 24:44.883 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% REALLY UP TO US. 24:44.883 --> 24:47.319 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> JIM LOVELL IS 89 YEARS OLD 24:47.319 --> 24:49.087 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MORE THAN 50 YEARS REMOVED FROM 24:49.087 --> 24:50.255 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SPACE FLIGHT BUT HE IS 24:50.255 --> 24:51.289 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% OPTIMISTIC ABOUT SPACE 24:51.289 --> 24:52.123 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% EXPLORATION. 24:52.123 --> 24:54.359 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% HOWEVER HE ADD ADMITS HE IS NOT 24:54.359 --> 24:55.894 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SURE WHETHER IT WILL BE DONE BY 24:55.894 --> 24:57.062 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE GOVERNMENT, PRIVATE 24:57.062 --> 24:58.797 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ENTERPRISE OR BOTH. 24:58.797 --> 25:00.866 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> I HOPE THAT WE FIRST STARTED 25:00.866 --> 25:05.770 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% GOING TO THE MOON BECAUSE WE 25:05.770 --> 25:07.405 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% HAVE BARELY EXAMINED THE MOON 25:07.405 --> 25:09.975 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AND THEN USE THAT ARCHITECTURE, 25:09.975 --> 25:12.544 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE INFRASTRUCTURE ON MAKING 25:12.544 --> 25:14.746 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MOON FLIGHTS RATHER COMMON, SEE 25:14.746 --> 25:17.716 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THAT WE CAN EXPAND THAT INTO 25:17.716 --> 25:25.223 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% EVENTUALLY TO A MISSION ON MARS. 25:25.223 --> 25:26.758 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% >> THAT'S IT FOR THIS EDITION OF 25:26.758 --> 25:27.359 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% "SCITECH NOW." 25:27.359 --> 25:28.793 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TO LEARN MORE ABOUT OUR PROGRAM, 25:28.793 --> 25:30.395 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% JOIN THE CONVERSATION WITH YOUR 25:30.395 --> 25:31.796 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% QUESTIONS, COMMENTS AND THOUGHTS 25:31.796 --> 25:33.198 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ON FACEBOOK AND TWITTER. 25:33.198 --> 25:35.166 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% I'M SIMON PEREZ. 25:35.166 --> 25:36.735 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% WE'LL SEE YOU NEXT WEEK ON 25:36.735 --> 25:38.370 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% "SCITECH NOW." 25:38.370 --> 25:40.005 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ON THE NEXT "SCITECH NOW," SEE 25:40.005 --> 25:41.306 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% HOW THE STATE OF OREGON IS 25:41.306 --> 25:42.741 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% TRYING TO KEEP TRACK OF WHAT YOU 25:42.741 --> 25:45.277 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MIGHT CALL NON-SEXY WILDLIFE. 25:45.277 --> 25:47.479 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE ANIMALS THAT DON'T ATTRACT 25:47.479 --> 25:48.079 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% HUNTERS. 25:48.079 --> 25:50.248 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE BACK PACK SOLUTION FOR 25:50.248 --> 25:52.250 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% PEOPLE WHOSE LUNGS DON'T WORK. 25:52.250 --> 25:54.452 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DO YOU HAVE WHAT IT TAKES TO BE 25:54.452 --> 25:56.187 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% AN ASTRONAUT AND SCIENTISTS 25:56.187 --> 25:59.624 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% STUDY THE SULTRY SOUND OF 25:59.624 --> 26:01.393 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SIBERIAN SINGERS ON THE NEXT 26:01.393 --> 26:01.693 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% "SCITECH NOW."