WEBVTT 00:01.233 --> 00:04.833 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% - Scott Sanford is a distinguished Outreach Specialist 00:04.933 --> 00:07.200 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% with the Extension Ag, Engineering 00:07.300 --> 00:09.033 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% at the UW-Wisconsin, 00:09.133 --> 00:12.233 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% in the Biological Systems Engineering. 00:12.333 --> 00:16.000 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Scott is a lead rural energy program person, 00:16.100 --> 00:19.433 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% and they look at ways to reduce energy usage, 00:19.533 --> 00:23.133 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% increase energy utilization and agricultural enterprises, 00:23.233 --> 00:26.266 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% and produce renewable energy. 00:26.366 --> 00:29.666 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% So, Scott has had a very diverse background. 00:29.766 --> 00:32.866 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% He came out of the Hudson Valley of New York. 00:32.966 --> 00:34.133 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% Grew up there. 00:34.233 --> 00:36.766 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% Got a bachelor's degree and a master's degree 00:36.866 --> 00:39.033 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% from Cornell University, 00:39.133 --> 00:43.033 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% and then spent 17 years in the dairy equipment industry. 00:43.133 --> 00:45.000 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% So, he worked for a number of different 00:45.100 --> 00:47.633 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% dairy equipment companies in private sector, 00:47.733 --> 00:49.966 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% and is now involved, 00:50.066 --> 00:53.133 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% has been at the UW-Madison since 2002, 00:53.233 --> 00:56.566 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% and works in many aspects of agriculture: 00:56.666 --> 00:58.100 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% working the energy side, 00:58.200 --> 01:01.333 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% working with dairy farmers and renewable fuels, 01:01.433 --> 01:05.366 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% and most recently, has been on the board 01:05.466 --> 01:08.700 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% for the Wisconsin Farm Technology Days. 01:08.800 --> 01:13.000 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% Please welcome Scott, Scott Sanford, thank you. 01:13.100 --> 01:16.100 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% (audience applauds) 01:17.533 --> 01:19.066 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% - Morning. 01:19.166 --> 01:21.900 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% So, my task this morning is we're gonna talk about 01:22.000 --> 01:24.666 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% managing grain and storage. 01:24.766 --> 01:26.700 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% I'm gonna talk about the mechanical side, 01:26.800 --> 01:28.300 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% and PJ, who's gonna follow me, 01:28.400 --> 01:30.966 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% is gonna talk about the buggy side. 01:31.866 --> 01:33.533 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% I thought that'd get a rise. 01:33.633 --> 01:35.000 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% Anyway... 01:35.966 --> 01:37.833 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% So with storage there's... 01:40.033 --> 01:43.200 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% six things that can cause problems in storage. 01:43.300 --> 01:47.100 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% The first is having too many fines and foreign matter, 01:47.200 --> 01:50.600 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% so, when you put it in I always recommend screening, 01:50.700 --> 01:52.433 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and we'll talk a little more about that. 01:52.533 --> 01:54.333 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% The other is too warm. 01:54.433 --> 01:55.700 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% We've gotta keep it within 01:55.800 --> 01:57.700 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% a few degrees of the outdoor temperature. 01:57.800 --> 02:00.600 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% One, so it doesn't sweat, 02:00.700 --> 02:04.566 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% but also the colder we can get it the longer it'll last. 02:04.666 --> 02:06.166 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% Too wet. 02:06.266 --> 02:08.933 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% If we get too wet, that's obvious, we're gonna get heating. 02:09.033 --> 02:11.200 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% Uneven grain temperatures. 02:12.533 --> 02:16.666 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% You can get convection currents within the grain bin, 02:16.766 --> 02:20.433 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% which can lead to problems in there. 02:21.700 --> 02:24.400 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And then the storage not cleaned, 02:24.500 --> 02:26.366 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and this is where the buggy part comes in. 02:26.466 --> 02:28.266 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% We need to sanitize that, or clean that, 02:28.366 --> 02:31.866 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% between grain crops, basically to reduce our load. 02:31.966 --> 02:33.466 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% And then the other is 02:33.566 --> 02:35.700 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% just not checking the grain often enough. 02:35.800 --> 02:37.800 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% If we check it, we can find out problems, 02:37.900 --> 02:39.300 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% we can mitigate 'em. 02:39.400 --> 02:41.366 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% But if we never look at it, 02:41.466 --> 02:44.733 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% then you're not gonna know that you have a problem. 02:44.833 --> 02:48.233 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% So, the first is too much foreign matter. 02:48.333 --> 02:51.166 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% So, I recommend screening before you dry it. 02:51.266 --> 02:54.100 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% So, screening it before you put it in. 02:54.200 --> 02:56.366 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% A lot of people don't do that. 02:56.466 --> 02:58.266 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% It's hard to separate out the bee's wings, 02:58.366 --> 03:00.600 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% 'cause they kinda stick to the corn, 03:00.700 --> 03:03.733 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% but if you can get as much as you can out, 03:03.833 --> 03:06.266 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% that can be very helpful. 03:06.366 --> 03:07.700 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% Then, the other would be, 03:07.800 --> 03:11.200 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% if you're using a separate dryer from your bin, 03:11.300 --> 03:14.600 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% to screen it before you put it into storage. 03:14.700 --> 03:17.233 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% And a lot of people do that. 03:17.333 --> 03:19.700 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Because the fines are what attract, 03:19.800 --> 03:22.833 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% one, it reduces airflow, 03:22.933 --> 03:26.400 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% but it's also the place where the bugs, 03:26.500 --> 03:28.300 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% if you got cracked kernels and stuff, 03:28.400 --> 03:33.533 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% some bugs can't get through the endosperm... 03:33.633 --> 03:36.833 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% of the corn unless it's cracked. 03:36.933 --> 03:39.733 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% So, you can starve 'em if you don't have as many fines, 03:39.833 --> 03:41.300 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and PJ will talk more about that. 03:41.400 --> 03:43.466 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Now, on the other hand, what we can do is 03:43.566 --> 03:46.000 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% put a spreader in there to spread the fines out evenly. 03:46.100 --> 03:49.300 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% That way the airflow is not impeded in one spot, 03:49.400 --> 03:51.900 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% because if we get one spot that doesn't get the airflow, 03:52.000 --> 03:56.200 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% that's usually where the problems are gonna be. 03:56.300 --> 03:59.300 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% So, it has to do with airflow also, 03:59.400 --> 04:01.900 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% as well as basically getting 04:02.000 --> 04:04.400 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% the foreign matter out of there. 04:04.500 --> 04:06.200 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% Grain too warm. 04:06.300 --> 04:07.900 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% We'd really like it to be within 04:08.000 --> 04:11.200 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% 10 to 15 degrees of the average outdoor temperature. 04:11.300 --> 04:14.266 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And this is basically so it doesn't sweat, 04:14.366 --> 04:17.500 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% especially on the walls of the bin. 04:17.600 --> 04:19.866 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% And that's tough some days. 04:21.066 --> 04:23.500 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And that's the average daily temperature, 04:23.600 --> 04:26.500 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% not the peaks and valleys. 04:26.600 --> 04:28.733 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% But try to get it close to that, 04:28.833 --> 04:33.700 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and so you gotta look at the forecasts and kinda plan ahead. 04:33.800 --> 04:35.500 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% For summer storage in the Upper Midwest 04:35.600 --> 04:37.933 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% we'd like to keep it at 50 degrees, 04:38.033 --> 04:39.933 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% and that can be tough. 04:40.033 --> 04:41.766 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% If you're gonna keep it through the summer 04:41.866 --> 04:44.933 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% you may have to do some nighttime aeration, 04:45.033 --> 04:47.400 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% when the air is colder. 04:47.500 --> 04:49.766 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Southern US, we can go a little higher, 04:49.866 --> 04:53.100 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% basically 'cause we're not gonna be able to keep it that cool. 04:54.100 --> 04:56.866 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% For wintertime, depending on where you are in Wisconsin, 04:56.966 --> 04:58.466 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% basically if you can get it down 04:58.566 --> 05:01.166 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% around freezing that's optimal. 05:01.266 --> 05:03.200 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% With December this year that was 05:03.300 --> 05:06.500 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% maybe a little tougher than a normal year. 05:06.600 --> 05:09.866 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% But, trying to get the temperature down. 05:09.966 --> 05:11.900 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% And we usually do that in steps. 05:12.000 --> 05:15.200 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% So here's kind of a pictorial of what the suggested 05:15.300 --> 05:17.666 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% wintertime temperatures are, 05:17.766 --> 05:21.300 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% depending on where you are in the Upper Midwest. 05:23.200 --> 05:26.000 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% To do that temperature we can use probes. 05:26.100 --> 05:27.433 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% So this is a manual probe, 05:27.533 --> 05:30.933 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% you can walk out an push into the grain. 05:31.033 --> 05:33.000 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% They come in different lengths. 05:33.100 --> 05:37.033 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% The other is to put a temperature cable in there, 05:37.133 --> 05:41.966 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% so you can see the grain at different levels in the bin, 05:42.066 --> 05:45.733 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% versus just the top, whatever you can reach. 05:48.166 --> 05:50.033 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% One of the issues here is: 05:50.133 --> 05:51.666 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% To find a problem it can be only 05:51.766 --> 05:55.033 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% a couple degrees difference that you may see, 05:55.133 --> 05:58.800 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% between every two weeks or every month, 05:58.900 --> 06:02.600 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% temperature change that may indicate a problem. 06:02.700 --> 06:04.266 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% 'Cause one of the problems is corn 06:04.366 --> 06:06.966 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% doesn't conduct heat very well. 06:08.300 --> 06:12.266 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% So, your problem if it's away from that sensor, 06:12.366 --> 06:14.266 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% it may be only a few degrees 06:14.366 --> 06:17.133 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% temperature difference over time 06:17.233 --> 06:19.566 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% that may indicate a problem. 06:20.566 --> 06:22.566 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% So, typically what you're gonna do is, 06:22.666 --> 06:24.766 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% you need to keep track of your data. 06:24.866 --> 06:27.133 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% On a month, every time you go out and measure that, 06:27.233 --> 06:28.600 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% you keep track of your data, 06:28.700 --> 06:31.900 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% and look for changes. 06:33.900 --> 06:39.833 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And this top one, seven and eight aren't in the grain, 06:39.933 --> 06:42.000 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% they're above the grain level, 06:42.100 --> 06:45.200 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% but you can see on the second one I've got the red marks. 06:45.300 --> 06:48.733 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% The five six, or, four, five, and six. 06:48.833 --> 06:50.833 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% That indicates that a... 06:52.233 --> 06:55.600 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% a case where we've got some rising temperatures. 06:55.700 --> 06:57.900 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% And you can see, they're subtle, 06:58.000 --> 06:59.500 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% but that would indicate that 06:59.600 --> 07:01.933 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% we've got a hot-spot in there someplace. 07:03.800 --> 07:05.800 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% So if we have a hot-spot we need to aerate 07:05.900 --> 07:08.733 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% to try to mitigate that. 07:11.066 --> 07:12.900 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% The maximum grain temperature, 07:13.000 --> 07:15.833 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% or grain moisture percentage, 07:15.933 --> 07:18.033 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% recommended for grains will depend on 07:18.133 --> 07:20.433 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% how long you're gonna keep it. 07:20.533 --> 07:23.766 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And you have to think about the end user, not just you. 07:23.866 --> 07:25.600 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% You may only be keeping it for six months, 07:25.700 --> 07:27.400 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% but if the next guy's gonna keep it 07:27.500 --> 07:30.666 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% for another six months, you gotta look at that 07:30.766 --> 07:32.933 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% to figure out where you need to put it. 07:33.033 --> 07:35.066 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% So, typically with corn, 07:35.166 --> 07:38.566 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% if we get it down to 15%, 07:38.666 --> 07:40.166 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% that's up to six months, 07:40.266 --> 07:44.000 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% so if we sell it by May, May or June, 07:44.100 --> 07:45.500 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% if we're gonna keep it past that, 07:45.600 --> 07:49.433 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% we need to get that down to 14% when we put it in storage. 07:49.533 --> 07:51.366 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And if we're gonna keep it longer than that, 07:51.466 --> 07:54.000 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% we wanna bring it down to 13%. 07:55.333 --> 08:01.800 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% And that gives some safety factor to make it last. 08:03.533 --> 08:05.800 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% So, I talked about uneven grain temperatures, 08:05.900 --> 08:07.333 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% convection currents. 08:07.433 --> 08:10.266 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% You can get those, 'cause we got cooling on the outside, 08:10.366 --> 08:13.433 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% so you get airflows in the grain. 08:14.200 --> 08:16.800 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And what'll happen is we'll get this temperature rise 08:16.900 --> 08:19.766 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% through the middle of the grain, 08:19.866 --> 08:22.166 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% and we'll get a moisture accumulation right in the center, 08:22.266 --> 08:23.466 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% that's on the top, 08:23.566 --> 08:25.066 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and that's usually where you have the problem 08:25.166 --> 08:26.700 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% if you're gonna have a problem. 08:26.800 --> 08:30.033 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% 'Cause that's usually where a lot of the fines are as well. 08:30.133 --> 08:32.533 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% So this is one reason we want to 08:32.633 --> 08:34.033 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% try to get rid of those fines. 08:34.133 --> 08:36.633 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And another way to get rid of the fines is to core it out. 08:36.733 --> 08:38.633 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% So, after you fill the bin you core it out. 08:38.733 --> 08:42.000 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% You take some grain out and you could... 08:43.766 --> 08:47.333 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% screen that and put it back in a bin or use it. 08:48.666 --> 08:52.133 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% But that can be another problem, the cool temperatures. 08:52.233 --> 08:55.666 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% Especially, we're having really cold now, 08:55.766 --> 08:57.366 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% it's gonna get warm the next couple days, 08:57.466 --> 08:59.333 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% and then it's gonna cool down again. 08:59.433 --> 09:00.866 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% So all that kind of weather 09:00.966 --> 09:04.900 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% will cause some convection currents within the grain. 09:05.933 --> 09:07.700 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% So aeration is the... 09:09.966 --> 09:13.233 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% best method to solve some of these problems. 09:13.333 --> 09:15.933 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And, basically we want a level surface 09:16.033 --> 09:18.333 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% on the top of the grain. 09:18.433 --> 09:19.800 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% If we don't have a level surface 09:19.900 --> 09:22.433 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% we're gonna get shortcutting. 09:22.533 --> 09:24.900 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% So, if you've got high in the middle 09:25.000 --> 09:28.300 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and low in the sides you're gonna get more airflow 09:28.400 --> 09:30.400 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% through the grain, the low part of the pack 09:30.500 --> 09:32.500 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% than the high part of the pack. 09:34.266 --> 09:35.866 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% Aeration... 09:37.233 --> 09:41.133 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% The rate, or the cfm per bushel is gonna dictate 09:41.233 --> 09:43.433 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% how fast you can cool the grain. 09:43.533 --> 09:45.800 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% More is usually better. 09:45.900 --> 09:49.766 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% So you can take advantage of cool nights, for instance. 09:49.866 --> 09:51.600 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% So, here's an example. 09:51.700 --> 09:54.133 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% If we've got 0.05 cfm's per bushel 09:54.233 --> 09:59.066 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% it's gonna take us 208 hours versus 140 if we double that. 09:59.166 --> 10:02.666 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Typically to get the cooling front, 10:02.766 --> 10:05.666 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% or warming front, depending on what time of year it is, 10:05.766 --> 10:07.233 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% to go through the grain. 10:07.333 --> 10:09.533 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Typically we're recommending 0.1, 10:09.633 --> 10:14.233 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% but a little higher wouldn't be bad either. 10:16.333 --> 10:17.833 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% And as I said, 10:17.933 --> 10:19.566 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% higher airflow rates can take advantage of 10:19.666 --> 10:22.433 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% short term cold temperatures. 10:23.200 --> 10:24.700 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% The other recommendation is 10:24.800 --> 10:27.000 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% to cover the fans to keep rodents out, 10:27.100 --> 10:31.000 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% and it'll reduce convection currents within the grain. 10:31.100 --> 10:33.400 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% So they do make covers that you can put over, 10:33.500 --> 10:36.166 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% or you can make your own, just a plastic sheet, 10:36.266 --> 10:39.833 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% with some kind of band around the outside, to cover that up. 10:42.066 --> 10:45.166 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% So, when you go to change a temperature, 10:45.266 --> 10:46.466 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% you're gonna start the air, 10:46.566 --> 10:49.233 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% and you're gonna get a cooling front 10:49.333 --> 10:53.466 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% that's gonna go up through that grain pack. 10:53.566 --> 10:58.800 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And it doesn't matter which way your fan is, 10:58.900 --> 11:03.466 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% some are negative pressure some are positive pressure, 11:03.566 --> 11:05.466 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% but it's gonna push the air through that, 11:05.566 --> 11:07.633 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% so that air front's either gonna come up or down, 11:07.733 --> 11:10.033 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% depending on which way your airflow is. 11:12.066 --> 11:16.100 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% So this is gonna be a typical setting from the fall, 11:16.200 --> 11:20.033 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% so you're gonna dry this or cool this corn down in steps. 11:21.766 --> 11:25.000 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% So this is showing 150 hours to cool the grains. 11:25.100 --> 11:28.866 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% You're gonna come down in steps as you get down, 11:28.966 --> 11:31.266 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and when you get down to December it should be cool, 11:31.366 --> 11:35.100 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% hopefully we had cooler weather than this year. 11:35.200 --> 11:36.866 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% you'll get it down and cool it, 11:36.966 --> 11:41.066 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and then it'll basically maintain it through the winter. 11:42.900 --> 11:47.066 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% So, here it is, looking at how it affects the bug issues. 11:49.900 --> 11:54.600 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% So, and I'm sure PJ is gonna dwell on this some more, 11:54.700 --> 11:56.033 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% but when we get above 70, 11:56.133 --> 11:59.300 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% we're optimal for insects, molds, and spoilage. 11:59.400 --> 12:03.666 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% If we get it down below 70, 12:03.766 --> 12:07.100 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% you reduce insect reproduction. 12:07.200 --> 12:10.500 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Below 50, insects start to go dormant. 12:10.600 --> 12:16.100 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And if we get down to around the 32 degree mark, 12:16.200 --> 12:20.366 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% basically most insects won't last through the winter there. 12:24.000 --> 12:25.866 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% PJ's gonna go through this a little more, 12:25.966 --> 12:28.733 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% but it's important that we clean out the bins. 12:28.833 --> 12:30.400 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% Basically to... 12:32.233 --> 12:34.633 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% try not to reinfect the bins. 12:37.133 --> 12:39.233 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% Temperature controls and fans. 12:39.333 --> 12:42.533 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% There are all kinds of computerized controls, 12:42.633 --> 12:44.833 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% or you can do manually. 12:44.933 --> 12:47.533 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% We can have thermostats with... 12:49.733 --> 12:51.133 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Well, one thing I recommend is you 12:51.233 --> 12:53.000 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% put an hour meter on your fans, 12:53.100 --> 12:55.233 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% so you know how many hours it's run. 12:55.333 --> 12:58.933 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% That'll give you better feedback on how long it's run and where 12:59.033 --> 13:02.733 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% the cooling front might be in your grain pack. 13:02.833 --> 13:04.433 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% They also have computerized controls 13:04.533 --> 13:07.666 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% that'll look at the temperature and stuff, and the humidity, 13:07.766 --> 13:10.866 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and turn the fans on when it's optimal for cooling. 13:10.966 --> 13:12.666 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Or, if you're trying to dry something, 13:12.766 --> 13:14.066 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% that'd be the other thing, 13:14.166 --> 13:18.000 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% if you're trying to take some moisture out. 13:18.100 --> 13:19.933 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% And they have systems that'll 13:20.033 --> 13:22.100 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% control multiple bins and stuff. 13:22.200 --> 13:25.500 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% So, that's another example of 13:25.600 --> 13:30.200 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% technology you can use to make your job easier. 13:30.300 --> 13:32.433 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% So here's kind of a checklist: 13:32.533 --> 13:34.966 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% Warm weather, we want to check it every one to two weeks, 13:35.066 --> 13:38.566 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and cold weather every three to four weeks. 13:38.666 --> 13:41.966 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Want to turn the aeration fans on. 13:42.066 --> 13:44.033 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% Ensure they're running properly, 13:44.133 --> 13:46.066 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% ensure we got static pressure. 13:46.166 --> 13:47.466 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% You should have a static pressure gauge 13:47.566 --> 13:49.000 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% someplace in the system, 13:49.100 --> 13:52.333 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% so you can make sure you're getting good airflow 13:52.433 --> 13:55.100 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% and there's no shortcuts. 13:55.200 --> 13:56.666 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Climb up and look inside the bin. 13:56.766 --> 13:59.633 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Are we getting condensation under the roof? 13:59.733 --> 14:02.333 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% Wet, we have snow cover. 14:02.433 --> 14:04.133 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% If you got some snow in there 14:04.233 --> 14:08.100 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% you may have to run the fans to drive off that snow. 14:08.200 --> 14:09.633 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% Check for odors. 14:09.733 --> 14:13.433 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% That's an indication of mold or spoilage. 14:13.533 --> 14:15.033 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% Look for crusting. 14:16.066 --> 14:18.700 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And measure the temperature at several locations, 14:18.800 --> 14:24.166 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% if you don't have the temperature cables. 14:24.266 --> 14:27.300 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Look for signs of insect activity. 14:27.400 --> 14:29.033 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% Log things. 14:29.133 --> 14:31.500 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% You might remember there are bugs in there, 14:31.600 --> 14:33.766 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% but did that happen a week ago, two weeks ago, 14:33.866 --> 14:35.266 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% or six weeks ago? 14:36.266 --> 14:39.200 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Things have a way of escaping us as far as time, 14:39.300 --> 14:43.266 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% so, recording that's good. 14:43.366 --> 14:45.600 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And then you can compare, it allows you to compare 14:45.700 --> 14:48.166 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% readings and findings from this year, 14:48.266 --> 14:51.333 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% but also in successive years as well. 14:51.433 --> 14:53.400 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% And then take any corrective action 14:53.500 --> 14:55.300 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% and then record that as well, 14:55.400 --> 14:57.466 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% so you know what you did to solve the problem, 14:57.566 --> 15:01.433 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% and indicate whether it actually solved it. 15:03.433 --> 15:05.633 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% Here's a new technology that's out there, 15:05.733 --> 15:07.700 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% I thought I'd throw a slide in for this. 15:07.800 --> 15:10.933 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% It's using ozone for grain treatment. 15:11.033 --> 15:17.033 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Ozone is a great use for killing things, 15:17.133 --> 15:20.000 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% basically oxidizes things. 15:20.100 --> 15:24.033 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% So, that's a technology that is kinda new in the market. 15:24.133 --> 15:28.400 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% It doesn't have residual base, but it can help. 15:29.200 --> 15:32.266 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% I know the potato growers are using it in potatoes. 15:32.366 --> 15:35.400 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% We use it in hot tubs, we use it in... 15:35.500 --> 15:39.500 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% I think the organic growers can use ozone for... 15:42.733 --> 15:44.233 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% purifying water. 15:44.966 --> 15:47.666 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% So it's a great option. 15:49.366 --> 15:51.300 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% But probably not cheap. 15:52.433 --> 15:54.900 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% So yeah, it can kill bacteria, 15:55.000 --> 15:58.600 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% or insects, we don't worry about bacteria. 15:58.700 --> 16:02.266 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% It claims to be able to reduce microtoxin levels, 16:02.366 --> 16:04.000 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% stop mold growth, 16:05.266 --> 16:07.966 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% but it won't stop heating. 16:08.066 --> 16:11.633 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% Basically, that's usually a moisture issue. 16:11.733 --> 16:14.566 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% The other thing I want to remind people is safety. 16:14.666 --> 16:16.600 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% We have people get killed in bins every year, 16:16.700 --> 16:21.433 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% because they don't adhere to safety protocols. 16:21.533 --> 16:24.600 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Basically lock out your controls before you go in, 16:24.700 --> 16:28.133 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% so nobody can start it while you're in there. 16:29.466 --> 16:32.333 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% If you've already cored out and stuff, 16:32.433 --> 16:36.100 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% be aware there could be cavities that you could fall into. 16:36.200 --> 16:38.566 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% It's recommended use a harness and a respirator, 16:38.666 --> 16:41.100 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% in case there's mold in there. 16:42.100 --> 16:43.933 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% And if you have to go in, 16:44.033 --> 16:47.600 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% make sure you got somebody else there. 16:47.700 --> 16:50.566 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% And let me point out, tying a rope on you, 16:50.666 --> 16:54.666 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% and having somebody tying it to the edge isn't gonna help. 16:54.766 --> 16:57.566 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% All it's gonna do is help the rescuers find out, 16:57.666 --> 16:59.666 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% they can follow the rope to you. 16:59.766 --> 17:02.400 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% You need a harness with something that's gonna 17:02.500 --> 17:04.966 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% hold you up if... 17:06.533 --> 17:09.533 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% what you're walking on collapses underneath your feet. 17:13.300 --> 17:15.033 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% So here are some resources. 17:15.133 --> 17:17.100 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% One of the best resources is this, 17:17.200 --> 17:19.466 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% Managing Dry Grain in Storage. 17:19.566 --> 17:21.833 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% It's a Midwest Plan Service publication. 17:21.933 --> 17:23.933 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And then they have a series of others, 17:24.033 --> 17:27.333 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% but that one specifically covers what we covered today. 17:27.433 --> 17:30.500 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And there's a few others on here that I put, 17:30.600 --> 17:35.100 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and I think they're in the publication as well. 17:35.200 --> 17:38.233 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And here's some stuff about the ozone treatment, 17:38.333 --> 17:40.866 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% so some of the papers that are out there that you might 17:40.966 --> 17:44.966 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% refer if you wanna read some more on that topic. 17:46.133 --> 17:47.300 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% So, with that. 17:48.900 --> 17:50.300 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% We have any questions? 17:50.400 --> 17:53.366 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% (audience applauds)