WEBVTT 00:00.000 --> 00:01.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:5% cc 00:01.200 --> 00:03.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% >> So this is the opening 00:03.033 --> 00:06.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% lecture in the seminar, which 00:06.900 --> 00:09.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% has been running every semester 00:09.666 --> 00:14.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% since the fall of 2007. 00:14.700 --> 00:16.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And for those of you who have 00:16.300 --> 00:17.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% come to some of the past ones, 00:17.666 --> 00:19.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% you know that the diversity of 00:19.166 --> 00:21.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% speakers is really sometimes 00:21.633 --> 00:23.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% surprising. 00:23.666 --> 00:25.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% So we have had people who are 00:25.733 --> 00:28.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% national leaders, local 00:28.433 --> 00:29.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% academics, but we have never 00:29.966 --> 00:31.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% ever had someone like Bill 00:31.733 --> 00:33.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:17.5% Linton. 00:33.800 --> 00:35.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And I think his perspective will 00:35.033 --> 00:36.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% be different from that of 00:36.600 --> 00:39.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% everyone that has preceded him. 00:39.033 --> 00:41.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% I am almost completely confident 00:41.766 --> 00:44.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% in making that statement. 00:44.866 --> 00:48.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% So, Bill has a bachelor's degree 00:48.100 --> 00:50.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% in biological sciences from UC 00:50.000 --> 00:53.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% Berkeley, and then he came to do 00:53.100 --> 00:55.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% graduate work in pharmaceutical 00:55.500 --> 00:58.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% chemistry here at UW Madison, 00:58.900 --> 01:02.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% and he has an honorary doctorate 01:02.633 --> 01:03.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% from a Korean university 01:03.900 --> 01:05.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% recognizing his global 01:05.900 --> 01:07.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% engagement in advancing 01:07.766 --> 01:10.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% technology and education in life 01:10.066 --> 01:13.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:22.5% sciences. 01:13.133 --> 01:17.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% In 1978, he founded Promega, 01:17.500 --> 01:20.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% which many people may think, oh, 01:20.166 --> 01:21.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% that's our local biotech 01:21.700 --> 01:23.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% company. 01:23.866 --> 01:26.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% Well, it started with one 01:26.066 --> 01:27.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% employee, that was probably 01:27.400 --> 01:32.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% Bill, and now it has 1300 01:32.000 --> 01:34.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% employees, and it's a worldwide 01:34.633 --> 01:37.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% global corporation. 01:37.800 --> 01:40.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% The number of manufacturing 01:40.200 --> 01:43.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% facilities that exist is just 01:43.133 --> 01:44.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% unbelievable. 01:44.433 --> 01:49.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% They exist in Europe, in Asia, 01:49.200 --> 01:52.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% in Australia, in Brazil, and 01:52.266 --> 01:55.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% apparently one is soon to open 01:55.066 --> 01:56.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:22.5% in India. 01:56.600 --> 01:58.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% But it's all centered around 01:58.800 --> 02:02.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% life sciences because this is 02:02.266 --> 02:03.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% where Bill came from, and this 02:03.566 --> 02:06.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% is where he stays. 02:06.266 --> 02:08.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% And what makes Bill such an 02:08.300 --> 02:10.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% unusual person, because I think 02:10.966 --> 02:12.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% we all have stereotypes in our 02:12.600 --> 02:14.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% minds, some positive, some not 02:14.566 --> 02:16.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% so positive, when we hear the 02:16.833 --> 02:20.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% word businessman, is that Bill 02:20.333 --> 02:22.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% reaches out to the community and 02:22.633 --> 02:24.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% he tries to advance things that 02:24.800 --> 02:27.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% are going to improve the lives 02:27.133 --> 02:30.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% of everybody from students in 02:30.033 --> 02:31.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% middle schools all the way up to 02:31.800 --> 02:33.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% graduate schools just to general 02:33.600 --> 02:36.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% members of the community. 02:36.300 --> 02:37.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% So one of the things that he did 02:37.766 --> 02:39.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% to make life easier for lots of 02:39.533 --> 02:42.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% people was he established a 02:42.866 --> 02:44.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% daycare center, the Woods Hollow 02:44.600 --> 02:47.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% Day Care Center, right there 02:47.633 --> 02:49.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% near Promega for Promega 02:49.133 --> 02:51.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% employees and members of the 02:51.266 --> 02:52.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:40% local community. 02:52.700 --> 02:55.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And this center takes care of 02:55.400 --> 02:56.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% infants all the way to school 02:56.700 --> 02:59.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% aged kids. 02:59.200 --> 03:01.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% And then in 1993, the 03:01.433 --> 03:04.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% Biotechnology Center Institute, 03:04.733 --> 03:06.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% or I always get this wrong. 03:06.166 --> 03:07.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% BTCI I can remember, but what 03:07.933 --> 03:11.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% the letters stand for. 03:11.233 --> 03:13.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% I give it up. 03:13.366 --> 03:15.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And what this is an educational, 03:15.033 --> 03:17.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% cultural, and scientific 03:17.366 --> 03:18.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% institute. 03:18.633 --> 03:20.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% Probably many of you have been 03:20.033 --> 03:21.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% to the BTCI. 03:21.633 --> 03:23.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% They have an annual forum on 03:23.333 --> 03:24.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% bioethics. 03:24.833 --> 03:26.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% They run classes in the summer 03:26.600 --> 03:27.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% that some of the graduate 03:27.900 --> 03:29.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% students in neuroscience take. 03:29.766 --> 03:31.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% They run classes for middle 03:31.133 --> 03:33.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% school students, oftentimes 03:33.133 --> 03:34.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% middle school students who maybe 03:34.500 --> 03:36.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% have heard of science but have 03:36.833 --> 03:38.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% never considered getting into 03:38.000 --> 03:39.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:7.5% it. 03:39.600 --> 03:42.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% So it's a fantastic phenomenon, 03:42.100 --> 03:43.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:22.5% the BTCI. 03:43.966 --> 03:46.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% And of late, the forum has 03:46.300 --> 03:48.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% focused on consciousness and the 03:48.066 --> 03:51.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% age-old issue of brain and mind 03:51.533 --> 03:53.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% and what are the relations. 03:53.500 --> 03:55.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% This has been an issue that has 03:55.000 --> 03:58.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% probably challenged humans for 03:58.400 --> 03:59.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% hundreds of years trying to 03:59.900 --> 04:01.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% figure out brain/mind. 04:01.966 --> 04:03.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% How do we integrate these two 04:03.400 --> 04:04.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:17.5% things? 04:04.800 --> 04:06.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And in part, that's why Bill is 04:06.266 --> 04:08.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% going to talk here today. 04:08.000 --> 04:09.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% The title of his talk is right 04:09.566 --> 04:11.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% up there in front of you. 04:11.900 --> 04:13.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:22.5% So, Bill. 04:13.100 --> 04:15.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% [APPLAUSE] 04:20.966 --> 04:23.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% >> Thanks very much. 04:23.133 --> 04:24.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% I don't think I've every had 04:24.500 --> 04:25.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% quite an introduction quite like 04:25.733 --> 04:26.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% that. 04:26.800 --> 04:28.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% That kind of took us all over 04:28.100 --> 04:29.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% the globe. 04:29.233 --> 04:31.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% But actually following on that, 04:31.166 --> 04:34.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% I will be saying a few words 04:34.066 --> 04:36.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% related to the start of the 04:36.066 --> 04:38.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% business, but I'll even take us 04:38.000 --> 04:40.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% a little bit before that point 04:40.300 --> 04:42.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% because it's often interesting 04:42.066 --> 04:44.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% to see what were the things that 04:44.566 --> 04:46.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% eventually led a person into 04:46.566 --> 04:47.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% doing what they do. 04:47.866 --> 04:49.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% And I always think that's an 04:49.133 --> 04:51.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% interesting topic to talk about. 04:51.233 --> 04:52.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% Well, good afternoon, and I 04:52.766 --> 04:54.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% would say I'm very impressed 04:54.100 --> 04:55.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% that we have all of these people 04:55.466 --> 04:57.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% here on a Valentine's Day. 04:57.266 --> 04:59.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And I wish you all great success 04:59.366 --> 05:00.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% and love and all the good things 05:00.833 --> 05:03.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% that come on Valentine's Day. 05:03.333 --> 05:05.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% I also want to thank Ron and 05:05.600 --> 05:08.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% Tara for their wonderful support 05:08.433 --> 05:09.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% and also the invitation just to 05:09.666 --> 05:11.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% be here. 05:11.766 --> 05:13.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And I've learned a lot about the 05:13.100 --> 05:16.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% neuroscience and public policy 05:16.600 --> 05:18.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% double degree program. 05:18.766 --> 05:19.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% There was a lot I didn't know 05:19.866 --> 05:21.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% about that before. 05:21.000 --> 05:22.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% This really gave me the 05:22.233 --> 05:23.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% opportunity to learn a lot about 05:23.466 --> 05:24.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% that. 05:24.600 --> 05:25.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% It's a very impressive program, 05:25.733 --> 05:27.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% and I had an opportunity to 05:27.133 --> 05:28.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% spend time at lunch with two of 05:28.500 --> 05:29.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% the students. 05:29.733 --> 05:31.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% So that was really great. 05:31.333 --> 05:33.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% I appreciate that very much. 05:33.800 --> 05:35.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% So, what I want to start with is 05:35.333 --> 05:36.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% to share with you three areas of 05:36.933 --> 05:39.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% thought, and then we'll close 05:39.933 --> 05:41.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% the formal lecture. 05:41.366 --> 05:43.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And then at the end if anybody 05:43.233 --> 05:45.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% would like to stay here and 05:45.566 --> 05:46.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% would like to have a little bit 05:46.633 --> 05:48.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% of questions and answers, I'd be 05:48.200 --> 05:49.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:42.5% happy to do that. 05:49.300 --> 05:50.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% It's a little bit more difficult 05:50.433 --> 05:52.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% during the talk to do that just 05:52.000 --> 05:53.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% because of the people who are 05:53.400 --> 05:55.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% viewing this at a remote 05:55.333 --> 05:57.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:22.5% distance. 05:57.500 --> 05:59.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% So, first I'm going to talk 05:59.366 --> 06:01.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% about some of my self-reflection 06:01.200 --> 06:02.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% going back as a child, and the 06:02.900 --> 06:04.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% reason I'm doing that is often 06:04.566 --> 06:06.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% when I'm interviewing people for 06:06.666 --> 06:08.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% a job or just kind of 06:08.100 --> 06:10.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% introducing the company, people 06:10.000 --> 06:11.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% often sort of ask, well, why did 06:11.633 --> 06:13.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% you start the company? 06:13.666 --> 06:14.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% What was in your mind at that 06:14.800 --> 06:16.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% time? 06:16.900 --> 06:18.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% And so I'll share with you 06:18.500 --> 06:19.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% perhaps some of the insights 06:19.966 --> 06:21.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% that I've gained as I've thought 06:21.166 --> 06:22.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% about that question. 06:22.533 --> 06:23.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% Second, I'd like to tell you a 06:23.700 --> 06:27.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% little about Promega today. 06:27.033 --> 06:30.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% Ron gave some statistics and a 06:30.066 --> 06:31.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% little bit of insight into that, 06:31.433 --> 06:33.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% but I'll give you some pictures 06:33.033 --> 06:34.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% that show a little about what 06:34.466 --> 06:35.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% the company is today and a 06:35.533 --> 06:36.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% little bit about the special 06:36.700 --> 06:38.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% relationship that we have 06:38.600 --> 06:40.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% between business, the community, 06:40.600 --> 06:42.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% and education that I think 06:42.100 --> 06:44.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% you'll be interested to hear 06:44.433 --> 06:46.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% about. 06:46.266 --> 06:48.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And finally, probably from my 06:48.833 --> 06:50.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% more scientific origins, I'd 06:50.466 --> 06:51.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% like to share with you some of 06:51.800 --> 06:54.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% my thoughts about the future and 06:54.100 --> 06:55.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% where we're going not only as a 06:55.333 --> 06:56.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% business but also where I think 06:56.700 --> 06:58.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% we can direct some of our 06:58.333 --> 07:00.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% thoughts and attention as far as 07:00.033 --> 07:03.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% society and perhaps what some of 07:03.733 --> 07:07.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% the indicators are as to some 07:07.000 --> 07:08.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% real frontiers that we can think 07:08.300 --> 07:10.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% about in terms of scientific 07:10.033 --> 07:11.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% research and also the role of 07:11.666 --> 07:14.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:22.5% business. 07:14.433 --> 07:17.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% So as I look back over 66 years, 07:17.700 --> 07:19.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% which is the time I've been here 07:19.033 --> 07:22.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% on Earth, I always look at some 07:22.000 --> 07:25.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% patterns as I look back, 07:25.266 --> 07:26.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% especially in the early years, 07:26.400 --> 07:27.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% what were some of those early 07:27.466 --> 07:29.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% patterns that I can think about 07:29.000 --> 07:30.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% that might suggest what I would 07:30.933 --> 07:33.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% be doing in future years. 07:33.266 --> 07:36.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% And I use the term this 07:36.366 --> 07:38.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% relentless curiosity and 07:38.800 --> 07:40.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% interest in things, especially 07:40.200 --> 07:44.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% in terms of how things work. 07:44.066 --> 07:45.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% Let's see, I think we can just 07:45.333 --> 07:49.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% postpone that. 07:49.533 --> 07:52.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% So, that's the very young Bill 07:52.466 --> 07:56.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% Linton, and at a very young age, 07:56.900 --> 07:58.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% probably when I was even less 07:58.300 --> 07:59.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% than two but certainly between 07:59.966 --> 08:02.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% two and three, I was watching my 08:02.833 --> 08:05.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% father, who at that time was in 08:05.700 --> 08:07.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% electrical engineering course at 08:07.700 --> 08:11.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% Emery University in Georgia. 08:11.133 --> 08:12.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% I was watching him rebuild 08:12.300 --> 08:13.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% engines. 08:13.400 --> 08:14.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And he was doing that to earn 08:14.533 --> 08:16.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% money for the family. 08:16.166 --> 08:18.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% And I never really lost my 08:18.266 --> 08:19.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% interest in mechanics and sort 08:19.833 --> 08:21.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% of taking things apart and how 08:21.200 --> 08:23.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% they got put together. 08:23.000 --> 08:24.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% I think there was some early 08:24.200 --> 08:25.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% imprinting that was happening at 08:25.400 --> 08:28.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% that very young age. 08:28.866 --> 08:30.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And then at the age of six, I 08:30.200 --> 08:32.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% remember having a deep 08:32.166 --> 08:34.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% fascination with outer space. 08:34.233 --> 08:35.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And I really don't know where 08:35.566 --> 08:36.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% that interest came from, but I 08:36.866 --> 08:40.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% was just fascinated to think 08:40.433 --> 08:44.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% about airships and airplanes and 08:44.200 --> 08:45.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% rocket ships and there was 08:45.733 --> 08:47.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% something about outer space that 08:47.066 --> 08:49.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% really drew me. 08:49.200 --> 08:51.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% But the problem that I knew that 08:51.433 --> 08:53.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% we had at the time was that 08:53.166 --> 08:54.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% there wasn't anything powerful 08:54.600 --> 08:56.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% enough to take anything from the 08:56.600 --> 08:58.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% Earth into outer space. 08:58.100 --> 09:00.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% Overcoming gravity was the big 09:00.000 --> 09:02.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% challenge of the time. 09:02.966 --> 09:04.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And one night I remember waking 09:04.600 --> 09:06.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% up in the middle of the night, 09:06.300 --> 09:07.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% and I looked at this mirror that 09:07.666 --> 09:10.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% was above a set of drawers in my 09:10.133 --> 09:12.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% room, again, six years old. 09:12.233 --> 09:14.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% As I looked in that mirror, I 09:14.233 --> 09:16.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% could see stars and I could see 09:16.166 --> 09:18.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:22.5% galaxies. 09:18.533 --> 09:20.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% And that image of what I saw 09:20.066 --> 09:21.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% still remains with me even now. 09:21.566 --> 09:23.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And I was so convinced that I 09:23.100 --> 09:24.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% was in outer space looking 09:24.800 --> 09:26.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% through this window that I never 09:26.866 --> 09:28.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% had a doubt that eventually 09:28.300 --> 09:29.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% humans would get into outer 09:29.733 --> 09:31.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% space. 09:31.000 --> 09:32.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% But it was just a very 09:32.100 --> 09:33.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% interesting, we could call it a 09:33.600 --> 09:34.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% dream or a waking dream or 09:34.766 --> 09:36.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% something, but there was 09:36.166 --> 09:37.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% something that really impressed 09:37.466 --> 09:38.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% me as a young child with the 09:38.633 --> 09:39.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% fact that we were going to go to 09:39.933 --> 09:41.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% outer space and we were going to 09:41.233 --> 09:42.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% see things there that we 09:42.500 --> 09:45.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% couldn't see from the Earth. 09:45.600 --> 09:46.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% By the time I turned 11 I spent 09:46.800 --> 09:47.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% a couple summers working for my 09:47.966 --> 09:49.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:10% dad. 09:49.233 --> 09:52.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% He was a very creative engineer, 09:52.266 --> 09:53.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% but he wasn't particularly good 09:53.433 --> 09:54.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% in business. 09:54.633 --> 09:55.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% What he really taught me through 09:55.933 --> 09:58.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% what he didn't know was what 09:58.233 --> 09:59.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% were the elements that would 09:59.600 --> 10:00.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% eventually make a successful 10:00.833 --> 10:02.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:22.5% business. 10:02.100 --> 10:03.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And it's often not what someone 10:03.300 --> 10:04.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% can tell you directly but often 10:04.533 --> 10:06.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% what someone perhaps doesn't 10:06.533 --> 10:07.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% teach you directly but what you 10:07.766 --> 10:09.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% observe in what they do that can 10:09.200 --> 10:10.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% be most instructive when you're 10:10.700 --> 10:12.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% growing up. 10:12.500 --> 10:13.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And when I was in sixth grade, 10:13.866 --> 10:16.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% my classmates decided what they 10:16.366 --> 10:18.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% would do is they'd take all 10:18.366 --> 10:19.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% their fellow classmates and they 10:19.566 --> 10:21.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% would decide what they were 10:21.700 --> 10:22.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% going to be when they grew up. 10:22.966 --> 10:25.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And they decided that I was most 10:25.133 --> 10:27.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% likely to be a mad scientist 10:27.033 --> 10:28.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% when I grew up, and that was in 10:28.266 --> 10:29.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% sixth grade. 10:29.400 --> 10:30.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% I thought that was pretty cool. 10:30.466 --> 10:31.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% I wouldn't mind being a mad 10:31.900 --> 10:33.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% scientist. 10:33.766 --> 10:36.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% So there by the year 1958 in 10:36.166 --> 10:39.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% sixth grade, I had observed a 10:39.866 --> 10:41.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% lot in business, and I already 10:41.433 --> 10:42.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% had a very deep interest in 10:42.866 --> 10:45.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% science. 10:45.233 --> 10:46.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% And then when I was 15, I 10:46.500 --> 10:48.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% attended a National Science 10:48.266 --> 10:49.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% Foundation summer science 10:49.466 --> 10:51.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% program, and that was really 10:51.066 --> 10:52.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% instructive for me. 10:52.566 --> 10:53.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% It had a very deep impression. 10:53.866 --> 10:55.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% It was at the University of 10:55.000 --> 10:56.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% Texas in Austin, and I really 10:56.433 --> 10:57.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% got hooked on biology and 10:57.700 --> 10:59.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% chemistry as a result of that 10:59.833 --> 11:01.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% opportunity that was funded by 11:01.266 --> 11:03.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% the National Science Foundation. 11:03.766 --> 11:05.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% And a little story of what I 11:05.366 --> 11:07.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% would do in the evenings, I 11:07.000 --> 11:08.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% discovered that in the back of 11:08.433 --> 11:09.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% the chemistry building there 11:09.700 --> 11:11.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% were these dumpsters and they 11:11.600 --> 11:12.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% would throw away glassware and 11:12.666 --> 11:13.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% equipment and all kinds of 11:13.766 --> 11:14.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% stuff. 11:14.733 --> 11:16.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% By the end of that summer, I had 11:16.166 --> 11:17.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% a couple of large boxes full of 11:17.933 --> 11:19.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% what later became my first 11:19.200 --> 11:21.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% laboratory which I took home, 11:21.566 --> 11:24.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% and that was the way I first 11:24.033 --> 11:27.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% collected my laboratory. 11:27.566 --> 11:28.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% There was another thing that I 11:28.800 --> 11:30.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% observed being quite young, 11:30.766 --> 11:33.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% which was kind of a phenomenon. 11:33.400 --> 11:38.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% It was that I had an interesting 11:38.300 --> 11:41.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% ability to visualize numbers and 11:41.666 --> 11:43.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% not just in mathematics or not 11:43.566 --> 11:45.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% just in the homework that you 11:45.933 --> 11:47.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:22.5% would do. 11:47.700 --> 11:49.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% But someone would come up to me 11:49.033 --> 11:52.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% and say guess how many pennies 11:52.033 --> 11:53.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% I've got in my pocket. 11:53.366 --> 11:54.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% And I would just say 13, and 11:54.733 --> 11:55.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% they would take out their 11:55.733 --> 11:56.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% pennies and count and sure 11:56.833 --> 11:59.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% enough there were 13 pennies. 11:59.700 --> 12:02.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And it's just kind of, you say 12:02.200 --> 12:03.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% that's kind of coincidence, but 12:03.633 --> 12:05.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% this happened time and time 12:05.633 --> 12:06.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% again in different 12:06.800 --> 12:08.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% circumstances. 12:08.433 --> 12:10.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And what I discovered as I sort 12:10.500 --> 12:12.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% of observed this and it was sort 12:12.833 --> 12:15.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% of a random thing, but as long 12:15.066 --> 12:16.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% as I didn't have any emotional 12:16.600 --> 12:18.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% outcome, attachment to the 12:18.433 --> 12:21.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% outcome, that this would work. 12:21.200 --> 12:23.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% And it's something that 12:23.166 --> 12:25.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% throughout my life I observed 12:25.133 --> 12:27.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% over and over again. 12:27.000 --> 12:28.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And, as you might imagine in a 12:28.266 --> 12:30.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% business setting, that can be 12:30.166 --> 12:31.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% rather interesting, and it 12:31.466 --> 12:32.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% turned out to be a rather 12:32.800 --> 12:35.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% valuable thing over the years. 12:35.500 --> 12:36.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% So, again, just another kind of 12:36.966 --> 12:38.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% an observation of something that 12:38.266 --> 12:39.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% maybe is not totally explainable 12:39.966 --> 12:41.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% in terms of the science that we 12:41.300 --> 12:42.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% know today, but there's a lot 12:42.900 --> 12:44.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% that we really don't know about 12:44.533 --> 12:45.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% how the mind works and what the 12:45.966 --> 12:47.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% connections are to the brain. 12:47.333 --> 12:48.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% So that will be kind of where 12:48.733 --> 12:51.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% I'm going with this. 12:51.866 --> 12:53.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And there's another observation 12:53.400 --> 12:57.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% that I had, and that was that 12:57.333 --> 12:59.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% often I would see something that 12:59.600 --> 13:03.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% later on would become something 13:03.133 --> 13:05.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% that was real. 13:05.400 --> 13:07.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% And I just want to use this 13:07.466 --> 13:10.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% picture as kind of this picture 13:10.733 --> 13:13.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% of reflection. 13:13.233 --> 13:15.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% And I didn't really quite 13:15.966 --> 13:17.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% understand the phenomenon until 13:17.066 --> 13:21.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% I read a book by an author 13:21.800 --> 13:23.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% Atwater that was written in 13:23.466 --> 13:24.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% 1996, and the book is called 13:24.766 --> 13:27.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% Future Memory. 13:27.133 --> 13:28.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And it's about people who in a 13:28.766 --> 13:30.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% way live the future before it's 13:30.900 --> 13:33.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% physically manifested, and they 13:33.100 --> 13:35.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% remember having done that as 13:35.600 --> 13:38.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% though it is an actual memory. 13:38.433 --> 13:40.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And that experience can be so 13:40.100 --> 13:41.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% real that it's hard to 13:41.466 --> 13:42.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% distinguish that from an actual 13:42.700 --> 13:44.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:17.5% memory. 13:44.166 --> 13:45.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% And so often we think, well, 13:45.400 --> 13:46.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% that can't really happen because 13:46.700 --> 13:48.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% we have clear memories of the 13:48.000 --> 13:50.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% past, the future we always view 13:50.166 --> 13:52.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% as being sort of fuzzy. 13:52.900 --> 13:54.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% But time is an interesting 13:54.866 --> 13:57.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% construct, and there really 13:57.600 --> 14:01.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% isn't any physical basis for 14:01.066 --> 14:02.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% time other than the way that we 14:02.600 --> 14:05.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% make sense of things. 14:05.133 --> 14:06.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% There's no formula that says 14:06.600 --> 14:08.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% this is exactly why time should 14:08.266 --> 14:10.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% exist. 14:10.233 --> 14:11.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And so we work very well in this 14:11.633 --> 14:13.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% construct time, past, present, 14:13.166 --> 14:15.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% and future, and I think there 14:15.066 --> 14:17.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% are ways of working with time or 14:17.500 --> 14:19.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% viewing time or even seeing 14:19.300 --> 14:20.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% things that might be in and out 14:20.533 --> 14:22.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% of time that could be 14:22.000 --> 14:25.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% instructive for us. 14:25.900 --> 14:28.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% Well, I went to undergrad at 14:28.833 --> 14:31.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% Berkeley in 1967 to 1970. 14:31.633 --> 14:32.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% You might imagine what those 14:32.933 --> 14:34.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% years were like for me and were 14:34.200 --> 14:35.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% actually wonderful. 14:35.600 --> 14:38.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% I graduated in 1970. 14:38.200 --> 14:40.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And then I took off about three 14:40.433 --> 14:42.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% years. 14:42.933 --> 14:46.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And this was probably one of the 14:46.566 --> 14:48.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% most fascinating journeys that I 14:48.600 --> 14:51.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% ever went on in my life. 14:51.533 --> 14:53.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% I was in a Land Rover, took off 14:53.033 --> 14:55.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% for nine months, and went 14:55.566 --> 14:57.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% through Europe, northern Africa, 14:57.166 --> 14:58.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% down through the Sahara Desert. 14:58.600 --> 14:59.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% It took 28 days to cross the 14:59.933 --> 15:02.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% desert and found myself 15:02.566 --> 15:05.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% eventually in Liberia. 15:05.866 --> 15:07.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% Sold the Land Rover to a diamond 15:07.433 --> 15:09.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% mine, got enough money to pay 15:09.033 --> 15:10.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% for a freighter ticket to get 15:10.366 --> 15:11.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% back to the United States. 15:11.966 --> 15:15.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And I just hope if anybody here 15:15.000 --> 15:16.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% has some inkling or an idea that 15:16.266 --> 15:18.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% it'd be great to take a year 15:18.266 --> 15:19.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% off, by all means do it. 15:19.566 --> 15:20.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% The things that you can run 15:20.833 --> 15:21.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% across and the experiences you 15:21.933 --> 15:23.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% can have can be invaluable. 15:23.733 --> 15:26.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% I couldn't imagine today even 15:26.666 --> 15:27.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% contemplating doing something 15:27.966 --> 15:29.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% like that. 15:29.600 --> 15:30.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% But you never know when your 15:30.933 --> 15:33.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% mind is open and you have an 15:33.133 --> 15:34.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% opportunity to take some time 15:34.733 --> 15:36.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% off, wonderful things can 15:36.500 --> 15:39.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:17.5% happen. 15:39.366 --> 15:41.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% So in 1976 after work that I did 15:41.900 --> 15:43.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% in pharmaceutical chemistry, and 15:43.966 --> 15:45.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% I worked for three years as a 15:45.233 --> 15:46.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% development scientist at 15:46.766 --> 15:47.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% Scientific Protein Labs in 15:47.966 --> 15:49.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:22.5% Waunakee. 15:49.833 --> 15:53.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% I was talking with some people 15:53.500 --> 15:55.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% at the university here in 15:55.133 --> 15:57.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% McArdle Laboratories, and they 15:57.700 --> 16:01.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% said we really are tired, as 16:01.133 --> 16:02.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% graduate students, of making 16:02.566 --> 16:04.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% these enzymes that are used to 16:04.400 --> 16:07.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% cut and splice DNA. 16:07.233 --> 16:09.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And so I kind of took that on as 16:09.333 --> 16:10.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% a challenge, and I thought, you 16:10.600 --> 16:11.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% know, I'm pretty good with the 16:11.933 --> 16:13.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% lab, I'm pretty good proteins, 16:13.466 --> 16:14.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% and let's see what I can do with 16:14.700 --> 16:15.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% that. 16:15.900 --> 16:20.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% So in 1978, with a lot of help 16:20.066 --> 16:21.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% from a lot of people here at the 16:21.500 --> 16:23.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% university, I started Promega. 16:23.700 --> 16:27.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% I was 31 years old at the time. 16:27.433 --> 16:29.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And what I was doing was making 16:29.466 --> 16:32.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% a group of products that the 16:32.033 --> 16:33.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% students didn't want to make 16:33.266 --> 16:34.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% anymore, they were in short 16:34.466 --> 16:35.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% supply, it was difficult to get 16:35.666 --> 16:36.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% some of these, and I was kind of 16:36.833 --> 16:38.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:42.5% a local supplier. 16:38.833 --> 16:40.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% So, again, it was kind of this 16:40.000 --> 16:41.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% curiosity about a new field and 16:41.166 --> 16:42.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% what might be possible that sort 16:42.500 --> 16:46.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% of led me in that direction. 16:46.666 --> 16:48.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And within a couple years I was 16:48.133 --> 16:52.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% trying to work also in another 16:52.700 --> 16:55.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% laboratory in Holland. 16:55.000 --> 16:56.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% In this case, this is in Leiden, 16:56.600 --> 16:58.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% Holland, and we were growing up 16:58.166 --> 17:00.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% some blue-green algae to make 17:00.466 --> 17:04.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% one of the restriction enzymes. 17:04.400 --> 17:06.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And it was a rather challenging 17:06.433 --> 17:09.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% situation there because what I 17:09.566 --> 17:11.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% discovered was that the culture 17:11.366 --> 17:13.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% in Holland wasn't necessarily 17:13.100 --> 17:14.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% amendable to what you need to do 17:14.700 --> 17:15.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% if you're going to be making 17:15.966 --> 17:17.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% some of these enzymes. 17:17.300 --> 17:18.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% So, for example, they would come 17:18.866 --> 17:20.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% in at exact time in the morning. 17:20.600 --> 17:22.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% At 11:45 you had to take off and 17:22.166 --> 17:24.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% spend about an hour at lunch. 17:24.200 --> 17:26.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% 4:45 you're out the door, and if 17:26.133 --> 17:27.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% it's a Friday, you don't come 17:27.400 --> 17:28.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% back until Monday. 17:28.700 --> 17:30.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And as any of you know if you've 17:30.566 --> 17:32.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% been trying to isolate and 17:32.033 --> 17:33.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% purify an enzyme, there are 17:33.166 --> 17:34.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% certain points where you just 17:34.333 --> 17:36.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% can't drop it and then come back 17:36.066 --> 17:37.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% two days later and hope that 17:37.433 --> 17:39.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% it's still surviving. 17:39.700 --> 17:40.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% So I tried to do that for about 17:40.800 --> 17:42.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% a year and a half and kind of 17:42.000 --> 17:44.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% gave up on that idea. 17:44.800 --> 17:46.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% But it was a fun experience to 17:46.233 --> 17:48.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:22.5% try that. 17:48.566 --> 17:50.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% I also wanted to give credit to 17:50.833 --> 17:52.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% some of the people that I 17:52.166 --> 17:53.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% mentioned earlier but many, many 17:53.233 --> 17:54.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% people at the university that 17:54.600 --> 17:57.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% were really helpful. 17:57.166 --> 17:58.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% There's a young man right here 17:58.933 --> 18:00.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% that I think I might see in the 18:00.533 --> 18:06.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% audience, Jim Dahlberg, Janet 18:06.233 --> 18:08.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% Mertz, I think this is 18:08.733 --> 18:12.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% Fred Blattner, Waclaw Szybalski. 18:12.233 --> 18:13.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% It was in Howard Temin's lab 18:13.633 --> 18:15.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% that I got the first idea from 18:15.700 --> 18:17.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% one of the graduate students to 18:17.000 --> 18:18.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% make some of these products. 18:18.200 --> 18:19.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% But again, these are all people 18:19.500 --> 18:21.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% at the University of Wisconsin, 18:21.566 --> 18:23.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% and this is really a large part 18:23.166 --> 18:24.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% of the reason why Promega got 18:24.500 --> 18:26.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% established here was through 18:26.200 --> 18:30.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% some of this incredible help 18:30.600 --> 18:32.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% that I had in methods, in 18:32.800 --> 18:35.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% bacterial cultures, and all the 18:35.500 --> 18:39.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% methods that I had help with. 18:39.700 --> 18:41.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% DNA reference samples and so 18:41.966 --> 18:43.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% forth. 18:43.366 --> 18:45.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% So it was really a great place 18:45.300 --> 18:48.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% to start the business. 18:48.033 --> 18:50.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% So if we fast forward now from 18:50.700 --> 18:52.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% those very early days to what 18:52.466 --> 18:54.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% the company looks like today, we 18:54.033 --> 18:55.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% really celebrated last year the 18:55.333 --> 18:57.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% 35th year of the company. 18:57.933 --> 19:01.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% And just a few highlights. 19:01.100 --> 19:02.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% This is not really a business 19:02.700 --> 19:04.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% lecture. 19:04.166 --> 19:05.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% It's really going into a couple 19:05.566 --> 19:07.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% different directions here. 19:07.066 --> 19:09.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% But in 2013 we had revenues of 19:09.166 --> 19:12.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% just over $350 million, 19:12.100 --> 19:14.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% 1300 employees, 15 countries, 19:14.333 --> 19:17.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% and about 2700 products which 19:17.500 --> 19:20.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% span technologies from genomics 19:20.366 --> 19:24.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% all the way to cell biology and 19:24.800 --> 19:27.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% proteomics and many of the other 19:27.000 --> 19:28.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% techniques involved in life 19:28.866 --> 19:32.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% science and between. 19:32.166 --> 19:33.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% If you haven't been to our 19:33.800 --> 19:35.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% campus recently, I'd be 19:35.400 --> 19:37.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% delighted to host you there. 19:37.466 --> 19:38.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% We have a new building that just 19:38.866 --> 19:40.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% opened in October. 19:40.466 --> 19:41.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% It's just under 300,000 square 19:41.933 --> 19:43.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% feet. 19:43.400 --> 19:44.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% We called the Richard P Feynman 19:44.700 --> 19:46.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% Center after a Nobel Prize 19:46.933 --> 19:48.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% winning physicist Richard 19:48.733 --> 19:50.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% Feynman. 19:50.566 --> 19:52.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% He was a true renaissance man, 19:52.600 --> 19:54.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% brilliant in science but also 19:54.066 --> 19:55.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% really gifted in the arts, 19:55.600 --> 19:57.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% culture, and he had a great 19:57.200 --> 19:58.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% sense of humor. 19:58.733 --> 20:00.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% So he wasn't a life scientist, 20:00.133 --> 20:01.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% but I think he represents much 20:01.500 --> 20:03.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% of what we aspire to when we 20:03.500 --> 20:05.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% think about what we can do as 20:05.533 --> 20:07.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% individuals and also the kinds 20:07.166 --> 20:08.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% of people that we hope to bring 20:08.600 --> 20:10.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:42.5% into the company. 20:10.066 --> 20:12.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% This building expands our 20:12.166 --> 20:13.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% capability, particularly in 20:13.900 --> 20:15.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% molecular diagnostics, and it's 20:15.933 --> 20:18.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% referred to as a CGMP, current 20:18.066 --> 20:19.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% good manufacturing practices 20:19.533 --> 20:22.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:22.5% facility. 20:22.033 --> 20:25.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% But size and growth, while 20:25.066 --> 20:26.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% they're important, they're not 20:26.966 --> 20:29.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% the most important factors, and 20:29.200 --> 20:31.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% I'd like to spend just a couple 20:31.033 --> 20:33.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% of minutes on what makes Promega 20:33.033 --> 20:35.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% different. 20:35.166 --> 20:37.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% What are some of the things that 20:37.066 --> 20:38.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% we've aspired to do as an 20:38.866 --> 20:41.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% organization that I hope goes 20:41.100 --> 20:43.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% beyond just some of the normal 20:43.100 --> 20:45.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% values that you often find in 20:45.600 --> 20:47.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:22.5% business. 20:47.800 --> 20:49.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% I think just like a person, an 20:49.433 --> 20:51.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% organization you can view as 20:51.100 --> 20:53.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% something that's living. 20:53.700 --> 20:56.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% It has something like a mind or 20:56.100 --> 20:59.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% maybe a brain. 20:59.433 --> 21:01.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% I think it's got a body. 21:01.600 --> 21:03.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And let's imagine that it has 21:03.366 --> 21:05.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% soul and spirit too. 21:05.600 --> 21:07.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% So let's maybe explore these 21:07.300 --> 21:09.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% ideas just for a moment. 21:09.733 --> 21:13.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% This slide, if you look in the 21:13.466 --> 21:15.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% middle, talks about Promega in 21:15.500 --> 21:17.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% the year 2078. 21:17.900 --> 21:20.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And one of the things that we've 21:20.400 --> 21:23.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% been talking about in the last 21:23.000 --> 21:25.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% few years is how to build a 21:25.666 --> 21:27.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% company and how to set a 21:27.233 --> 21:28.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% foundation for a business that 21:28.766 --> 21:31.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% can last a hundred years. 21:31.433 --> 21:33.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And 2078, of course, would be 21:33.100 --> 21:35.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% the anniversary of Promega at 21:35.333 --> 21:38.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% that point in time. 21:38.866 --> 21:42.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% So to kind of follow this idea 21:42.066 --> 21:44.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% of the mind and the body and the 21:44.333 --> 21:46.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% spirit in business, the body 21:46.233 --> 21:47.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% might be considered to be the 21:47.866 --> 21:49.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% products and the services that 21:49.700 --> 21:51.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% we offer, the mind is our plan 21:51.400 --> 21:52.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% for how we want to expand the 21:52.800 --> 21:54.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% business technology 21:54.100 --> 21:55.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% developments, and the generation 21:55.666 --> 21:57.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% of resources which would be 21:57.166 --> 21:58.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% positive cash flow to finance 21:58.633 --> 22:00.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% the things that we're going to 22:00.500 --> 22:02.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% be building in the future. 22:02.566 --> 22:04.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% But the soul and the spirit is 22:04.000 --> 22:05.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% really why we do this. 22:05.633 --> 22:06.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% Being a private company, 22:06.633 --> 22:08.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% we don't have to report out 22:08.933 --> 22:10.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% earnings to Wall Street. 22:10.633 --> 22:12.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% We're not working for venture 22:12.200 --> 22:13.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% capitalists who might expect a 22:13.966 --> 22:15.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% high rate of return in three to 22:15.566 --> 22:17.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% five years And fortunately our 22:17.833 --> 22:20.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% stage of maturation after 35 22:20.000 --> 22:22.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% years is such that we're allowed 22:22.200 --> 22:23.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% to view our present and our 22:23.866 --> 22:25.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% future from a different 22:25.266 --> 22:26.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% perspective than just survival 22:26.700 --> 22:28.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% and early adolescence of a new 22:28.233 --> 22:29.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:22.5% business. 22:29.966 --> 22:31.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And that's why we're now looking 22:31.366 --> 22:33.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% at what are the things that we 22:33.133 --> 22:34.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% want to focus on as a company 22:34.633 --> 22:36.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% that will enable us to survive 22:36.100 --> 22:38.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% until the year 2078 and possibly 22:38.366 --> 22:41.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% beyond that. 22:41.200 --> 22:43.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% So our long range goals include 22:43.500 --> 22:45.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% contributions to society, the 22:45.700 --> 22:47.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% community, exploring the 22:47.300 --> 22:49.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% frontiers of course of science, 22:49.100 --> 22:51.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% for better technologies, 22:51.133 --> 22:52.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% medicines, better tools for 22:52.833 --> 22:54.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% doing basic and applied 22:54.333 --> 22:55.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% research, and also creating a 22:55.833 --> 22:57.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% unique environment for our 22:57.333 --> 22:58.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% employees and our business 22:58.800 --> 23:01.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:22.5% partners. 23:01.866 --> 23:04.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% Now, we've borrowed also an 23:04.100 --> 23:06.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% image that you normally see when 23:06.900 --> 23:10.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% you take a course in psychology. 23:10.233 --> 23:13.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% And this is based on Abraham 23:13.100 --> 23:15.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% Maslow's hierarchy of needs. 23:15.233 --> 23:17.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And one of the reasons that I 23:17.033 --> 23:19.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% like to use Maslow is that he 23:19.100 --> 23:21.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% was a student, and in fact I 23:21.433 --> 23:23.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% think he got his PhD here at the 23:23.133 --> 23:24.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% University of Wisconsin. 23:24.733 --> 23:26.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% Came from New York. 23:26.666 --> 23:28.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% He didn't get along well with 23:28.600 --> 23:30.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% his parents, and so if you don't 23:30.066 --> 23:31.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% get along well with your 23:31.433 --> 23:32.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% parents, where do you go? 23:32.800 --> 23:34.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% You go to Madison to gain some 23:34.366 --> 23:36.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% degree of freedom. 23:36.033 --> 23:37.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% And he came here and he got 23:37.566 --> 23:39.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% married here and it was while he 23:39.333 --> 23:41.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% was here that he began to 23:41.066 --> 23:44.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% develop this idea of the human 23:44.033 --> 23:45.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% potential movement that became 23:45.966 --> 23:48.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% really embedded within 23:48.133 --> 23:50.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% psychology. 23:50.300 --> 23:51.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% And the idea was at the very 23:51.800 --> 23:53.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% base of our existence we meet 23:53.766 --> 23:55.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% our physical needs. 23:55.500 --> 23:57.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% Food, clothing, shelter, all the 23:57.100 --> 23:58.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% things that enable us to live 23:58.533 --> 24:00.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% day to day. 24:00.566 --> 24:02.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And as we establish that, we can 24:02.733 --> 24:04.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% then turn our attention to other 24:04.266 --> 24:05.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:40% kinds of things. 24:05.533 --> 24:06.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% If you don't have enough food or 24:06.866 --> 24:08.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% you're worrying about where 24:08.200 --> 24:09.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% you're going to live, you're not 24:09.466 --> 24:10.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% going to spend a lot of time 24:10.833 --> 24:12.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% being concerned about these 24:12.133 --> 24:14.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% other aspects of this hierarchy. 24:14.766 --> 24:16.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% But once you do have that 24:16.400 --> 24:17.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% established, then you can think 24:17.900 --> 24:19.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% about things like your safety 24:19.766 --> 24:22.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% and security and pension plans 24:22.166 --> 24:24.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% or other kinds of things that 24:24.066 --> 24:27.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% might help you in the future. 24:27.066 --> 24:29.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% Love and belonging become 24:29.633 --> 24:31.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% important in this hierarchy. 24:31.866 --> 24:33.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And then esteem, your standing 24:33.933 --> 24:36.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% in the community, once these 24:36.066 --> 24:38.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% other things are established. 24:38.300 --> 24:39.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And then he identified something 24:39.766 --> 24:41.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% that he said once these other 24:41.166 --> 24:42.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% things are fulfilled, each 24:42.666 --> 24:45.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% person has an opportunity to go 24:45.033 --> 24:47.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% beyond that and to say, what is 24:47.000 --> 24:48.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% it that I'm really here for? 24:48.966 --> 24:51.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And what can I do that will make 24:51.066 --> 24:52.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% my life meaningful beyond just 24:52.733 --> 24:55.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% the things that might be 24:55.066 --> 24:56.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% normally accepted in the 24:56.733 --> 24:59.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% community or normally accepted 24:59.466 --> 25:02.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% within our business practices? 25:02.833 --> 25:05.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% What more is there in life? 25:05.133 --> 25:06.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% And he called that 25:06.600 --> 25:09.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% self-actualization. 25:09.300 --> 25:10.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And so we kind of looked at this 25:10.900 --> 25:12.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% and we said this really has some 25:12.866 --> 25:15.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% interesting characteristics to 25:15.066 --> 25:16.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% it, and perhaps there might be 25:16.566 --> 25:17.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% something that we can learn from 25:17.833 --> 25:19.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% this from the business 25:19.200 --> 25:20.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% standpoint as well. 25:20.666 --> 25:22.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% But to take a little bit of a 25:22.066 --> 25:23.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% deeper dive into this aspect of 25:23.433 --> 25:25.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% these levels of these layers of 25:25.166 --> 25:26.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% human development, we began to 25:26.500 --> 25:28.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% talk more intentionally within 25:28.600 --> 25:30.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% the company about some other 25:30.266 --> 25:32.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% things that had to do with other 25:32.266 --> 25:35.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% levels of human development 25:35.633 --> 25:37.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% which are not meant to be so 25:37.600 --> 25:39.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% much hierarchical as they are 25:39.500 --> 25:41.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% opportunities for further growth 25:41.400 --> 25:43.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% individually. 25:43.866 --> 25:46.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% So the very base is perhaps the 25:46.433 --> 25:50.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% characteristic of an individual 25:50.133 --> 25:52.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% that might be called impulsive 25:52.233 --> 25:54.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And this is where a person is 25:54.166 --> 25:55.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% just acting to meet their 25:55.733 --> 25:57.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% survival needs. 25:57.100 --> 25:58.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% A little bit like that very base 25:58.366 --> 26:01.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% in Maslow's hierarchy. 26:01.433 --> 26:03.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% And then next would be more 26:03.066 --> 26:05.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% opportunistic. 26:05.600 --> 26:09.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% They might work or manipulate 26:09.433 --> 26:10.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% other people for their own 26:10.900 --> 26:12.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% self-gain. 26:12.933 --> 26:14.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% As they grow in their awareness 26:14.600 --> 26:16.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% and their ability to better 26:16.666 --> 26:19.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% interact with others, you might 26:19.100 --> 26:21.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% have a diplomat, people who are 26:21.100 --> 26:22.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% very good at working with others 26:22.700 --> 26:24.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% and are better able to get to a 26:24.600 --> 26:27.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% certain point through peaceful 26:27.566 --> 26:30.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% means and not through so much 26:30.766 --> 26:33.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% manipulation. 26:33.300 --> 26:35.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% And then the expert. 26:35.066 --> 26:36.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% And, of course, a lot of our 26:36.900 --> 26:38.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% universities, a lot of our 26:38.333 --> 26:39.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% businesses, we look for experts. 26:39.700 --> 26:41.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% So it's not as though each of 26:41.300 --> 26:43.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% these levels is necessarily 26:43.800 --> 26:46.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% negative or overly positive, but 26:46.466 --> 26:47.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% in fact it's often the 26:47.966 --> 26:49.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% combination of these that enable 26:49.533 --> 26:51.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% us to get the right mix of 26:51.700 --> 26:53.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% people for the right kinds of 26:53.100 --> 26:55.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% jobs. 26:55.866 --> 26:57.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% The achiever, the person who 26:57.533 --> 26:59.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% sets goals, motivates, looks for 26:59.366 --> 27:01.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% feedback because they're looking 27:01.366 --> 27:03.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% for ways in which they continue 27:03.166 --> 27:06.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% to self-improve themselves. 27:06.066 --> 27:08.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% Many individualists, and this is 27:08.166 --> 27:09.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% often the person then who's 27:09.900 --> 27:12.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% ready to take the next step and 27:12.400 --> 27:15.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% leaps to the second tier, which 27:15.533 --> 27:19.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% then gets into the realm of 27:19.233 --> 27:21.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:22.5% strategy. 27:21.133 --> 27:22.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% Being able to see things from 27:22.800 --> 27:24.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:42.5% new perspectives. 27:24.966 --> 27:26.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And it uses what they've been 27:26.600 --> 27:28.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% able to accomplish and perhaps 27:28.866 --> 27:31.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% the power that they've created 27:31.600 --> 27:33.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% through what they're doing and 27:33.100 --> 27:35.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% who they are to do positive 27:35.733 --> 27:38.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% things, to help transform others 27:38.066 --> 27:39.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% or their work environment or 27:39.666 --> 27:43.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% their university environment. 27:43.600 --> 27:46.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% Then the alchemist, of course 27:46.000 --> 27:48.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% the person who can transmute. 27:48.400 --> 27:50.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% They work in deep processes. 27:50.266 --> 27:51.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% They're willing to accept 27:51.800 --> 27:53.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% mystery. 27:53.233 --> 27:54.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% And then at the top, the 27:54.733 --> 27:56.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% unitive, the person who acts 27:56.500 --> 27:58.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% simply, they pass through deep 27:58.633 --> 28:00.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% complexity, and they've gone to 28:00.233 --> 28:01.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% the other side of more 28:01.633 --> 28:03.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% simplicity. 28:03.133 --> 28:05.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% They lead by who they are and 28:05.066 --> 28:06.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% not so much by saying I'm the 28:06.600 --> 28:08.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% CEO or I'm the president of this 28:08.433 --> 28:12.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% or the head of that. 28:12.200 --> 28:14.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And then this just kind of gives 28:14.200 --> 28:16.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% a spread of where this often 28:16.566 --> 28:19.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% happens within the population. 28:19.800 --> 28:23.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% At the bottom you really don't 28:23.133 --> 28:24.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% find a lot of leaders. 28:24.166 --> 28:25.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% I say at the bottom, but at this 28:25.033 --> 28:26.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% core. 28:26.566 --> 28:27.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% At the impulsive opportunistic 28:27.766 --> 28:29.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% diplomat, only a few leaders 28:29.233 --> 28:30.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% then. 28:30.466 --> 28:31.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% Then the expert achiever 28:31.466 --> 28:32.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% individualist, we see many more 28:32.366 --> 28:34.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% of our leaders there. 28:34.200 --> 28:35.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% Again, whether it's government 28:35.900 --> 28:37.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% institutions, academic 28:37.366 --> 28:39.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% institutions, or business. 28:39.300 --> 28:40.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And then going to this second 28:40.933 --> 28:44.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% tier, often also reflects and 28:44.166 --> 28:48.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% individual's ability to exhibit 28:48.000 --> 28:51.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% more wisdom and compassion in 28:51.733 --> 28:54.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% how they interact with others. 28:54.466 --> 28:57.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And to be able to do that in a 28:57.266 --> 29:01.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% way that, they bring peace both 29:01.200 --> 29:03.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% internally and externally to 29:03.133 --> 29:04.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% their environment. 29:04.766 --> 29:06.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% But this idea of wisdom and 29:06.400 --> 29:08.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% compassion are some of the two 29:08.000 --> 29:09.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% attributes that enable a person 29:09.533 --> 29:11.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% to go to the strategic alchemist 29:11.666 --> 29:14.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% and the unitive levels. 29:14.733 --> 29:17.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% So we're working on these 29:17.200 --> 29:18.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% because we think some of these 29:18.933 --> 29:21.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% attributes are very fundamental 29:21.733 --> 29:23.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% to understanding more of who we 29:23.233 --> 29:24.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:10% are. 29:24.700 --> 29:26.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% And these are important 29:26.166 --> 29:28.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% characteristics that as we learn 29:28.000 --> 29:29.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% more about these, as we learn 29:29.366 --> 29:30.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% where we fit into these models, 29:30.900 --> 29:32.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% help us in our dialog with our 29:32.833 --> 29:35.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% coworkers, with the people that 29:35.133 --> 29:37.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% we may have an opportunity to 29:37.333 --> 29:38.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% provide guidance to and 29:38.966 --> 29:40.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:40% leadership with. 29:40.500 --> 29:42.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% I like this circle because what 29:42.133 --> 29:43.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% this says is this is not a 29:43.766 --> 29:45.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% top-down hierarchy. 29:45.466 --> 29:47.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% That there is a movement to it, 29:47.166 --> 29:48.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% but that it's not that any one 29:48.833 --> 29:50.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% is above somebody else. 29:50.800 --> 29:52.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% It's different but there is also 29:52.300 --> 29:54.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% a progression going from the 29:54.100 --> 29:55.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:40% impulsive to the 29:55.666 --> 29:58.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% transformational individual. 29:58.900 --> 30:00.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% So we're thinking quite a bit 30:00.833 --> 30:02.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% about this. 30:02.133 --> 30:03.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% We're bringing this into 30:03.700 --> 30:05.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% practice, and this becomes a 30:05.100 --> 30:06.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% part of our dialog again in our 30:06.466 --> 30:09.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% daily business. 30:09.600 --> 30:11.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% So going back for a moment to 30:11.100 --> 30:13.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% the hierarchy and then taking 30:13.033 --> 30:14.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% the individual hierarchy into 30:14.800 --> 30:16.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% the company, let's look at how 30:16.466 --> 30:17.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% that might translate into 30:17.933 --> 30:19.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% business terms. 30:19.300 --> 30:20.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% So at the very bottom is, just 30:20.900 --> 30:22.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% like food, clothing, and shelter 30:22.500 --> 30:23.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% for business, you need to have 30:23.800 --> 30:25.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% cash flow. 30:25.333 --> 30:26.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% You want to create value. 30:26.733 --> 30:28.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% You have to bring something 30:28.200 --> 30:29.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% that's meaningful and you have 30:29.500 --> 30:30.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% find people who are willing to 30:30.700 --> 30:31.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% pay for it. 30:31.866 --> 30:33.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% So that's basic business 30:33.233 --> 30:35.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% principles. 30:35.833 --> 30:37.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% And once you do that 30:37.033 --> 30:38.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% successfully, then you can 30:38.666 --> 30:40.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% expand the business, as we've 30:40.200 --> 30:41.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% done both geographically and 30:41.633 --> 30:43.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% also in our new facilities that 30:43.033 --> 30:45.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% we build in various parts of the 30:45.166 --> 30:47.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% world. 30:47.533 --> 30:49.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% We can differentiate the company 30:49.200 --> 30:51.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% through the services we offer 30:51.066 --> 30:52.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% employees, through the products 30:52.900 --> 30:55.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% that we bring to the market, 30:55.566 --> 30:58.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% technologies we deploy. 30:58.266 --> 30:59.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% Operational excellence refers to 30:59.933 --> 31:01.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% increasing levels of quality and 31:01.366 --> 31:04.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% compliance. 31:04.400 --> 31:06.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And then finally we reach this 31:06.466 --> 31:08.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% top pinnacle, and then the 31:08.233 --> 31:09.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% question is, what is the real 31:09.800 --> 31:11.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% purpose why we're doing all 31:11.100 --> 31:12.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% this? 31:12.800 --> 31:14.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% Is it just to give people jobs? 31:14.433 --> 31:16.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% Is it just to give return to 31:16.066 --> 31:17.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% shareholders? 31:17.600 --> 31:19.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% What is it really all about? 31:19.433 --> 31:21.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% Sure we get a paycheck every two 31:21.433 --> 31:23.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% weeks, but at the end of the 31:23.400 --> 31:25.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% day, what are we doing it for? 31:25.800 --> 31:27.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And so we've given this a lot of 31:27.300 --> 31:28.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% thought, and we said wouldn't it 31:28.666 --> 31:30.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% be an amazing thing if we could 31:30.166 --> 31:32.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% take this idea of purpose, this 31:32.033 --> 31:34.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% idea of transformation of a 31:34.166 --> 31:36.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% business and overlay that with 31:36.466 --> 31:38.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% this idea of self-actualization 31:38.666 --> 31:40.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:40% for individuals. 31:40.766 --> 31:42.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And to say that the real purpose 31:42.333 --> 31:44.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% of the organization is to help 31:44.766 --> 31:47.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% and support the ability of each 31:47.200 --> 31:49.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% individual to know more about 31:49.600 --> 31:51.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% themselves, to be able to 31:51.166 --> 31:52.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% self-actualize their own 31:52.866 --> 31:54.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% development, and that's the real 31:54.466 --> 31:56.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% purpose of the organization. 31:56.300 --> 31:58.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And the power of that is that 31:58.200 --> 31:59.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% each person then working there 31:59.700 --> 32:01.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% realizes that the organization 32:01.233 --> 32:02.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:42.5% exists with them. 32:02.866 --> 32:05.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% It's not about a parent 32:05.000 --> 32:07.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% organization that just takes the 32:07.166 --> 32:08.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% cash out of the company. 32:08.900 --> 32:11.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% It's not about other purely 32:11.800 --> 32:15.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% financial gain or objectives, 32:15.266 --> 32:17.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% but it really has to do with 32:17.033 --> 32:18.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% themselves personally and what 32:18.800 --> 32:20.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% is most deep and meaningful to 32:20.500 --> 32:22.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% them, which is what is their 32:22.033 --> 32:23.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% purpose in realizing that the 32:23.533 --> 32:25.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% purpose of the organization is 32:25.000 --> 32:26.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% to help them discover that and 32:26.566 --> 32:28.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% to take the steps that will help 32:28.600 --> 32:30.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% them transform into that 32:30.000 --> 32:32.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% direction. 32:32.866 --> 32:34.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And so there's this interesting 32:34.466 --> 32:36.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% purpose then that we can depict 32:36.366 --> 32:38.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% by kind of this little triangle 32:38.400 --> 32:40.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:17.5% circle. 32:40.300 --> 32:44.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% The value individually to the 32:44.433 --> 32:46.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% person, the value to the 32:46.866 --> 32:48.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% customers that result when 32:48.566 --> 32:50.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% people are motivated and 32:50.466 --> 32:52.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% energized by what they're doing 32:52.000 --> 32:53.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% every day, and then what we can 32:53.300 --> 32:54.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% bring to the community. 32:54.700 --> 32:55.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% Many of the things that Ron 32:55.933 --> 32:57.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% mentioned, our daycare center, 32:57.866 --> 33:00.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% the nonprofit educational and 33:00.100 --> 33:01.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% science endeavors, and many of 33:01.700 --> 33:03.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% the other things that we bring 33:03.200 --> 33:04.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% and support within the 33:04.533 --> 33:05.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% community. 33:05.666 --> 33:07.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% That community is a global 33:07.066 --> 33:09.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% community. 33:09.000 --> 33:10.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% So then I want to take just a 33:10.733 --> 33:12.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% little bit of time now and talk 33:12.400 --> 33:13.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% about when we think about the 33:13.700 --> 33:16.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% future what are some 33:16.100 --> 33:17.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% possibilities for where science 33:17.733 --> 33:19.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% is going, what are some 33:19.266 --> 33:20.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% possibilities about what we're 33:20.666 --> 33:22.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% doing as a business thinking out 33:22.066 --> 33:23.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:40% into the future. 33:23.600 --> 33:24.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And when we celebrate a hundred 33:24.966 --> 33:26.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% years in the year 2078, and I 33:26.900 --> 33:28.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% hope some of you are here to 33:28.266 --> 33:29.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% help us celebrate, I probably 33:29.633 --> 33:31.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% won't be, but what can we think 33:31.533 --> 33:33.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% about or what are some of the 33:33.766 --> 33:35.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% things that we can contemplate, 33:35.733 --> 33:38.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% especially if we were to kind of 33:38.300 --> 33:39.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% send a message out into the 33:39.833 --> 33:41.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% future to the people who will be 33:41.400 --> 33:43.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% talking about that 100-year 33:43.533 --> 33:45.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% celebration. 33:45.900 --> 33:47.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% What are some of the ideas we'd 33:47.666 --> 33:49.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% like to convey to them. 33:49.833 --> 33:51.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% Well, interestingly, when we try 33:51.333 --> 33:52.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% to forecast the future, it's a 33:52.633 --> 33:54.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% very, very difficult thing to 33:54.166 --> 33:56.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% do, particularly for people who 33:56.433 --> 33:58.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% are involved in technology and 33:58.233 --> 34:00.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% companies that are built around 34:00.000 --> 34:01.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% technology and that includes a 34:01.900 --> 34:04.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% life science company. 34:04.866 --> 34:08.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% In 1900 people in France 34:08.033 --> 34:10.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% commissioned some artists to try 34:10.033 --> 34:11.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% to imagine what the world was 34:11.600 --> 34:13.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% going to look like in the year 34:13.033 --> 34:14.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% 2000. 34:14.900 --> 34:16.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And what you'll see are ideas or 34:16.900 --> 34:20.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% problems or opportunities that 34:20.500 --> 34:22.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% they had an interest in trying 34:22.533 --> 34:24.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% to solve, but what makes these 34:24.700 --> 34:26.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% quite funny is the fact that 34:26.800 --> 34:28.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% they were using the technology 34:28.700 --> 34:30.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% of 1900 to solve problems that 34:30.633 --> 34:32.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% they envisioned would be there 34:32.300 --> 34:34.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:42.5% in the year 2000. 34:34.966 --> 34:36.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And so let's take a look at how 34:36.366 --> 34:37.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% they envisioned solving some of 34:37.600 --> 34:38.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% these problems. 34:38.866 --> 34:40.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% Who would have guessed that they 34:40.300 --> 34:41.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% would be thinking about video 34:41.466 --> 34:43.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% conferencing in the year 1900, 34:43.433 --> 34:45.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% but that's what this picture is 34:45.033 --> 34:46.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% depicting. 34:46.366 --> 34:47.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% Someone talking into a 34:47.500 --> 34:49.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% microphone and some strange 34:49.333 --> 34:51.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% device that's broadcasting a 34:51.533 --> 34:53.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% picture and there's this woman 34:53.033 --> 34:54.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% talking back to the guy. 34:54.700 --> 34:58.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% It's not clear how she sees him. 34:58.100 --> 35:00.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% But here you see the technology 35:00.600 --> 35:02.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% existing in the year 1900 trying 35:02.266 --> 35:03.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% to solve this interesting 35:03.933 --> 35:06.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% problem of video conferencing. 35:06.066 --> 35:07.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And of course, if you're going 35:07.400 --> 35:08.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% to get news every day, you sit 35:08.700 --> 35:11.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% back, light a cigarette, and 35:11.033 --> 35:13.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% you've been delivered, maybe 35:13.833 --> 35:17.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% it's a home delivery, a little 35:17.266 --> 35:18.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% cylinder and you put it on your 35:18.900 --> 35:20.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% gramophone and you play the news 35:20.300 --> 35:21.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% of the day. 35:21.566 --> 35:22.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% So that's how you're going to 35:22.633 --> 35:24.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% get the news. 35:24.900 --> 35:27.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And transportation, you want to 35:27.033 --> 35:28.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% get quickly from point A to 35:28.533 --> 35:29.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% point B. 35:29.733 --> 35:31.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% Well, all you need to do is 35:31.033 --> 35:32.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% train a whale, attach some kind 35:32.700 --> 35:34.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% of an interesting submarine to 35:34.166 --> 35:36.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% it, and you have that guy on top 35:36.033 --> 35:37.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% who's kind of steering the whale 35:37.733 --> 35:39.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% and the guy in back with this 35:39.033 --> 35:40.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% rudder, and that's how you're 35:40.633 --> 35:42.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% going to get to your next 35:42.000 --> 35:44.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% vacation in the Caribbean. 35:44.566 --> 35:46.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% Now remember that at that time, 35:46.866 --> 35:49.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% lighter than air travel was just 35:49.266 --> 35:51.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% travel in the air. 35:51.866 --> 35:53.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% Any kind of way to travel in the 35:53.933 --> 35:56.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% air is an imagination. 35:56.833 --> 35:59.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% People were coming up with all 35:59.400 --> 36:01.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% kinds of inventions, but that 36:01.100 --> 36:04.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% problem had not been solved. 36:04.500 --> 36:06.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% But they envisioned that if you 36:06.600 --> 36:08.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% want to be putting out a fire in 36:08.133 --> 36:09.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% a highrise, then you just strap 36:09.800 --> 36:11.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% on your wings and there you go. 36:11.900 --> 36:13.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% You can even rescue the mom with 36:13.666 --> 36:15.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% the little baby up on the 50th 36:15.366 --> 36:18.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% floor of the highrise. 36:18.266 --> 36:20.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% And high speed rail. 36:20.500 --> 36:23.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% We still envision that today. 36:23.033 --> 36:24.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% It just looks a little bit 36:24.533 --> 36:26.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% different. 36:26.266 --> 36:27.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% So, again, trying to apply 36:27.933 --> 36:29.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% today's technologies to what we 36:29.633 --> 36:31.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% envision the world is going to 36:31.500 --> 36:33.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% look in the year 2078 is an 36:33.133 --> 36:34.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% extraordinarily difficult thing 36:34.700 --> 36:36.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% to do. 36:36.233 --> 36:38.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% I imagine that probably 36:38.066 --> 36:39.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% two-thirds of the people here 36:39.700 --> 36:41.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% have iPhones, iPads. 36:41.566 --> 36:43.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% None of those devices existed 36:43.166 --> 36:45.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% 12 years ago, 10 years ago, 36:45.500 --> 36:46.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% 15 years ago. 36:46.766 --> 36:48.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% So our life has been transformed 36:48.300 --> 36:49.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% in a very short amount of time 36:49.966 --> 36:51.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% by inventions that now we think 36:51.633 --> 36:54.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% are almost indispensable. 36:54.566 --> 36:56.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% Just imagine what that's going 36:56.566 --> 36:58.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% to be like in another 65 years. 36:58.500 --> 37:00.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% It's very hard to imagine. 37:00.833 --> 37:02.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% But the problems or the 37:02.333 --> 37:04.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% opportunities or the things that 37:04.366 --> 37:06.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% we can say are basic to what we 37:06.200 --> 37:08.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% want to solve, medical problems, 37:08.700 --> 37:11.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% labor saving, transportation, 37:11.866 --> 37:13.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% communication, those are the 37:13.566 --> 37:15.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% things that we'll still be 37:15.200 --> 37:16.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% trying to solve but using 37:16.633 --> 37:19.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% different technological means. 37:19.233 --> 37:21.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% Then getting back to really a 37:21.066 --> 37:23.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% topic I think that is common to 37:23.066 --> 37:25.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% just about everybody here, it's 37:25.233 --> 37:27.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% neuroscience. 37:27.066 --> 37:30.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And the biology, the chemistry 37:30.033 --> 37:32.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% of the brain, the study of what 37:32.000 --> 37:34.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% is the meaning of mind, what is 37:34.166 --> 37:36.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% consciousness, and how does this 37:36.033 --> 37:38.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% affect our health, our healing, 37:38.333 --> 37:39.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% and in general our capabilities. 37:39.666 --> 37:41.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And I think this is probably the 37:41.200 --> 37:43.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% greatest frontier ahead of us in 37:43.366 --> 37:45.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% life science, in our 37:45.033 --> 37:47.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% communities, and in society. 37:47.600 --> 37:49.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% And so as I think about the 37:49.033 --> 37:50.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% future, this is kind of what 37:50.333 --> 37:53.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% I envision is going to be 37:53.066 --> 37:58.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% consuming much of our research 37:58.200 --> 38:00.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% in the future. 38:05.866 --> 38:07.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% We know we have about roughly 38:07.733 --> 38:09.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% 100 billion neurons, and these 38:09.800 --> 38:11.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% all together create about 100 38:11.700 --> 38:14.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% trillion neuronal connections. 38:14.233 --> 38:16.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% There was an interesting article 38:16.300 --> 38:17.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% that just came out in Scientific 38:17.900 --> 38:19.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% American about the brain, and 38:19.800 --> 38:21.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% just fascinating imaging of what 38:21.633 --> 38:23.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% they're now able to pick up and 38:23.833 --> 38:25.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% the communication pathways that 38:25.933 --> 38:27.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% are just extraordinarily 38:27.500 --> 38:29.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% intricate. 38:29.066 --> 38:30.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% We have yet to develop the tools 38:30.600 --> 38:32.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% to understand what's really 38:32.200 --> 38:34.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% happening, and we still have not 38:34.200 --> 38:36.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% a clue as to how we can take an 38:36.200 --> 38:38.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% idea and hold that idea or take 38:38.433 --> 38:40.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% that idea and say a few words 38:40.266 --> 38:41.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% and try to communicate what that 38:41.900 --> 38:43.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% idea means. 38:43.500 --> 38:44.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% How does all that happen? 38:44.800 --> 38:47.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% It's still very much a mystery. 38:51.100 --> 38:52.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% So, most of you have studied 38:52.933 --> 38:54.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% some of these pathways, so when 38:54.300 --> 38:56.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% we think of some of the things 38:56.833 --> 38:58.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% that are exhibited in our minds, 38:58.300 --> 39:00.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% exhibited in the brain, we have 39:00.200 --> 39:02.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% all these various receptors and 39:02.100 --> 39:03.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% various systems that all 39:03.966 --> 39:05.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% together result in behavior, 39:05.800 --> 39:06.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% human behavior. 39:06.833 --> 39:10.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And just taking a simple outcome 39:10.233 --> 39:12.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% of some of these very complex 39:12.800 --> 39:14.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% behaviors that are exhibited 39:14.700 --> 39:16.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% through how we think and how our 39:16.300 --> 39:19.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% brain works, just taking one 39:19.966 --> 39:21.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% example which would be, let's 39:21.900 --> 39:23.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% say, stress. 39:23.933 --> 39:25.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% And all the things that are 39:25.633 --> 39:27.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% affected in our human systems as 39:27.533 --> 39:29.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% a result of stress that can 39:29.133 --> 39:31.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% occur to us in anything, through 39:31.600 --> 39:33.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% the environment, through our 39:33.233 --> 39:35.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% work, through relationships. 39:35.300 --> 39:38.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And there's a list of two pages 39:38.433 --> 39:40.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% of all the things that can 39:40.000 --> 39:41.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% result in terms of symptoms of 39:41.933 --> 39:43.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% the body and of the mind as a 39:43.633 --> 39:45.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% result of that chest pain, 39:45.466 --> 39:47.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% fatigue, stomach upsets, sleep 39:47.800 --> 39:49.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% problems, anxiety, restlessness. 39:49.566 --> 39:50.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% It's just a very, very long 39:50.866 --> 39:52.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% list. 39:52.600 --> 39:54.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And yet, interestingly, stress 39:54.900 --> 39:57.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% is not necessarily solved by 39:57.533 --> 40:00.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% addressing the symptoms. 40:00.033 --> 40:01.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% It's solved by how we think 40:01.966 --> 40:04.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% about and how we react to what 40:04.533 --> 40:06.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% comes into our lives. 40:06.433 --> 40:08.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And it's really that study of 40:08.366 --> 40:10.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% consciousness and the study of 40:10.500 --> 40:13.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% how we interpret the things that 40:13.733 --> 40:16.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% are coming in, and that 40:16.233 --> 40:17.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% interesting interpretation of 40:17.866 --> 40:19.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% reality that can result in 40:19.566 --> 40:21.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% changes in our state and give us 40:21.466 --> 40:23.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% better health outcomes the more 40:23.366 --> 40:25.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% we begin to recognize these 40:25.500 --> 40:27.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% intricate connections between 40:27.066 --> 40:29.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% how we're thinking, how we 40:29.066 --> 40:30.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% respond to our environment, and 40:30.733 --> 40:33.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% then how that affects us 40:33.333 --> 40:35.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% throughout our day and 40:35.100 --> 40:36.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% throughout every part of our 40:36.533 --> 40:41.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% body. 40:41.433 --> 40:43.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And, finally, I just want to say 40:43.200 --> 40:45.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% that because I view the frontier 40:45.700 --> 40:47.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% of the mind, the frontier of the 40:47.966 --> 40:49.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% brain, as being one of the 40:49.700 --> 40:51.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% largest challenges in life 40:51.466 --> 40:53.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% science, I also think that the 40:53.233 --> 40:54.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% more we learn about that, the 40:54.700 --> 40:56.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% more the possibilities are for 40:56.100 --> 40:57.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% how we can change our view of 40:57.733 --> 40:59.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% our society, change our view of 40:59.800 --> 41:01.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% our relationship to the world. 41:01.800 --> 41:03.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% I kind of like this picture 41:03.666 --> 41:05.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% because it shows the infinite 41:05.366 --> 41:06.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% possibilities that exist in the 41:06.866 --> 41:08.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% human mind. 41:08.966 --> 41:10.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% I think we're starting to unlock 41:10.800 --> 41:12.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% some of the potential within the 41:12.466 --> 41:14.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% mind. 41:14.166 --> 41:15.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% The Doors of Perception was a 41:15.600 --> 41:17.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% book written by Aldous Huxley 41:17.066 --> 41:19.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% many years ago. 41:19.033 --> 41:20.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And it just begins to suggest 41:20.633 --> 41:22.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% that there is incredible 41:22.633 --> 41:24.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% possibility, almost infinite 41:24.433 --> 41:26.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% possibility that is still in a 41:26.400 --> 41:27.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% way locked up because we don't 41:27.866 --> 41:29.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% understand much of how the brain 41:29.200 --> 41:31.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% works. 41:31.433 --> 41:33.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% But our community practices and 41:33.066 --> 41:35.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% our system of values as we have 41:35.333 --> 41:36.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% them today are just not 41:36.866 --> 41:38.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% sustainable for the planet. 41:38.833 --> 41:40.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And we all inherently know that, 41:40.633 --> 41:42.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% that the way that we practice 41:42.666 --> 41:44.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% our values, our consumptive 41:44.466 --> 41:46.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% philosophies as far as how we 41:46.733 --> 41:49.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% accumulate things. 41:49.900 --> 41:53.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% If we look at the finite 41:53.066 --> 41:55.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% resources on the planet, we have 41:55.033 --> 41:56.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% to change how we view this 41:56.500 --> 41:57.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% relationship that we have in our 41:57.833 --> 41:59.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% communities and ourselves to the 41:59.366 --> 42:02.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% planet itself. 42:02.533 --> 42:04.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% An ancient African proverb says 42:04.433 --> 42:06.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% that we have borrowed the future 42:06.666 --> 42:08.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% from our children instead of 42:08.700 --> 42:11.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% inheriting it from our 42:11.200 --> 42:13.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% ancestors. 42:13.200 --> 42:14.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And, again, that's this shift in 42:14.600 --> 42:16.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% perception. 42:16.633 --> 42:18.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% How we view the planet, how we 42:18.333 --> 42:20.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% view our relationship within our 42:20.033 --> 42:22.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% communities. 42:22.600 --> 42:24.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And what will the people of a 42:24.466 --> 42:26.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% hundred years from now think 42:26.100 --> 42:27.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% about our stewardship and how we 42:27.700 --> 42:29.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% viewed the planet and its 42:29.100 --> 42:30.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% resources? 42:30.600 --> 42:32.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% And how will they judge our 42:32.066 --> 42:33.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% wisdom as we make decisions, 42:33.800 --> 42:35.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% both individually and 42:35.100 --> 42:37.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% collectively every day? 42:37.400 --> 42:38.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% So we know that sustainable 42:38.766 --> 42:40.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% solutions to problems arise from 42:40.133 --> 42:41.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% perspectives that lie outside 42:41.666 --> 42:43.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% the dimensions from which the 42:43.700 --> 42:45.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% problem arose. 42:45.133 --> 42:46.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% That was one of Einstein's 42:46.633 --> 42:47.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:42.5% favorite sayings. 42:47.966 --> 42:49.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% You can't solve a problem in 42:49.600 --> 42:51.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% looking at it from the same 42:51.100 --> 42:52.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% plane, from the same dimension 42:52.500 --> 42:53.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% that the problem arose. 42:53.800 --> 42:55.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% You have to look at it from a 42:55.300 --> 42:56.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% different perspective, and we 42:56.566 --> 42:58.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% have to learn how to create 42:58.266 --> 42:59.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% these different perspectives, 42:59.833 --> 43:03.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% how to see things differently. 43:03.933 --> 43:05.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And I kind of like this because 43:05.700 --> 43:08.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% gateways suggest a transition 43:08.733 --> 43:11.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% from one perspective to another 43:11.066 --> 43:13.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% perspective. 43:13.033 --> 43:14.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% And that's our challenge and 43:14.733 --> 43:16.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% that's what we need to do. 43:16.200 --> 43:17.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% Every aspect of learning and 43:17.700 --> 43:19.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% every aspect of how we conduct 43:19.266 --> 43:20.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% business, particularly in our 43:20.900 --> 43:23.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% aspects of how we interact with 43:23.766 --> 43:25.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% one another and how we interact 43:25.200 --> 43:27.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% with every creature and every 43:27.800 --> 43:29.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% living thing on the planet and 43:29.366 --> 43:30.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% the natural resources on the 43:30.600 --> 43:31.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:17.5% planet. 43:31.966 --> 43:33.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% We have to learn how to bridge 43:33.533 --> 43:35.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% the gulf between our thinking 43:35.166 --> 43:36.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% and our beliefs and the wisdom 43:36.766 --> 43:38.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% that is inherent in nature every 43:38.333 --> 43:40.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% where we look. 43:40.733 --> 43:42.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% It's just opening eyes. 43:42.233 --> 43:44.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% It's seeing things in a new way. 43:44.366 --> 43:45.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And I think there can be a new 43:45.966 --> 43:48.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% partnership between humans on 43:48.566 --> 43:50.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% the planet and every element of 43:50.633 --> 43:52.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:17.5% nature. 43:52.733 --> 43:54.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% I think it's time that we open 43:54.066 --> 43:55.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% some of these doors, that we go 43:55.033 --> 43:56.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% through the gateway and look for 43:56.566 --> 43:58.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% the answers that really are all 43:58.100 --> 43:59.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% around us. 43:59.266 --> 44:00.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% They are here. 44:00.666 --> 44:01.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% The answers are here, and we 44:01.733 --> 44:02.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% just have to see things in a 44:02.666 --> 44:03.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% different way to be able to see 44:03.633 --> 44:06.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% these answers. 44:06.333 --> 44:07.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% As the gifted and autistic 44:07.533 --> 44:10.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% Temple Grandin observed, this is 44:10.500 --> 44:12.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% another doorway and we're all 44:12.466 --> 44:14.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% standing at that threshold, and 44:14.133 --> 44:15.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% I'm going to suggest this is now 44:15.766 --> 44:17.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% the time to walk through 44:17.266 --> 44:18.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% and see things through new eyes. 44:18.766 --> 44:20.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% Thank you very much. 44:20.566 --> 44:22.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% [APPLAUSE]