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cc

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>> So this is the opening

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lecture in the seminar, which

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has been running every semester

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since the fall of 2007.

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And for those of you who have

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come to some of the past ones,

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you know that the diversity of

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speakers is really sometimes

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surprising.

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So we have had people who are

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national leaders, local

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academics, but we have never

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ever had someone like Bill

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Linton.

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And I think his perspective will

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be different from that of

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everyone that has preceded him.

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I am almost completely confident

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in making that statement.

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So, Bill has a bachelor's degree

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in biological sciences from UC

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Berkeley, and then he came to do

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graduate work in pharmaceutical

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chemistry here at UW Madison,

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and he has an honorary doctorate

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from a Korean university

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recognizing his global

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engagement in advancing

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technology and education in life

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sciences.

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In 1978, he founded Promega,

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which many people may think, oh,

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that's our local biotech

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company.

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Well, it started with one

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employee, that was probably

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Bill, and now it has 1300

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employees, and it's a worldwide

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global corporation.

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The number of manufacturing

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facilities that exist is just

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unbelievable.

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They exist in Europe, in Asia,

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in Australia, in Brazil, and

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apparently one is soon to open

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in India.

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But it's all centered around

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life sciences because this is

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where Bill came from, and this

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is where he stays.

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And what makes Bill such an

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unusual person, because I think

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we all have stereotypes in our

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minds, some positive, some not

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so positive, when we hear the

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word businessman, is that Bill

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reaches out to the community and

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he tries to advance things that

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are going to improve the lives

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of everybody from students in

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middle schools all the way up to

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graduate schools just to general

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members of the community.

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So one of the things that he did

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to make life easier for lots of

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people was he established a

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daycare center, the Woods Hollow

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Day Care Center, right there

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near Promega for Promega

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employees and members of the

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local community.

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And this center takes care of

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infants all the way to school

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aged kids.

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And then in 1993, the

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Biotechnology Center Institute,

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or I always get this wrong.

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BTCI I can remember, but what

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the letters stand for.

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I give it up.

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And what this is an educational,

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cultural, and scientific

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institute.

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Probably many of you have been

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to the BTCI.

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They have an annual forum on

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bioethics.

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They run classes in the summer

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that some of the graduate

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students in neuroscience take.

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They run classes for middle

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school students, oftentimes

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middle school students who maybe

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have heard of science but have

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never considered getting into

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it.

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So it's a fantastic phenomenon,

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the BTCI.

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And of late, the forum has

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focused on consciousness and the

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age-old issue of brain and mind

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and what are the relations.

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This has been an issue that has

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probably challenged humans for

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hundreds of years trying to

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figure out brain/mind.

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How do we integrate these two

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things?

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And in part, that's why Bill is

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going to talk here today.

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The title of his talk is right

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up there in front of you.

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So, Bill.

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[APPLAUSE]

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>> Thanks very much.

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I don't think I've every had

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quite an introduction quite like

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that.

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That kind of took us all over

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the globe.

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But actually following on that,

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I will be saying a few words

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related to the start of the

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business, but I'll even take us

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a little bit before that point

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because it's often interesting

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to see what were the things that

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eventually led a person into

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doing what they do.

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And I always think that's an

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interesting topic to talk about.

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Well, good afternoon, and I

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would say I'm very impressed

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that we have all of these people

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here on a Valentine's Day.

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And I wish you all great success

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and love and all the good things

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that come on Valentine's Day.

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I also want to thank Ron and

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Tara for their wonderful support

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and also the invitation just to

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be here.

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And I've learned a lot about the

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neuroscience and public policy

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double degree program.

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There was a lot I didn't know

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about that before.

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This really gave me the

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opportunity to learn a lot about

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that.

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It's a very impressive program,

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and I had an opportunity to

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spend time at lunch with two of

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the students.

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So that was really great.

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I appreciate that very much.

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So, what I want to start with is

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to share with you three areas of

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thought, and then we'll close

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the formal lecture.

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And then at the end if anybody

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would like to stay here and

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would like to have a little bit

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of questions and answers, I'd be

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happy to do that.

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It's a little bit more difficult

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during the talk to do that just

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because of the people who are

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viewing this at a remote

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distance.

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So, first I'm going to talk

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about some of my self-reflection

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going back as a child, and the

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reason I'm doing that is often

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when I'm interviewing people for

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a job or just kind of

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introducing the company, people

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often sort of ask, well, why did

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you start the company?

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What was in your mind at that

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time?

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And so I'll share with you

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perhaps some of the insights

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that I've gained as I've thought

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about that question.

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Second, I'd like to tell you a

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little about Promega today.

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Ron gave some statistics and a

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little bit of insight into that,

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but I'll give you some pictures

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that show a little about what

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the company is today and a

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little bit about the special

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relationship that we have

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between business, the community,

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and education that I think

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you'll be interested to hear

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about.

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And finally, probably from my

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more scientific origins, I'd

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like to share with you some of

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my thoughts about the future and

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where we're going not only as a

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business but also where I think

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we can direct some of our

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thoughts and attention as far as

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society and perhaps what some of

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the indicators are as to some

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real frontiers that we can think

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about in terms of scientific

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research and also the role of

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business.

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So as I look back over 66 years,

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which is the time I've been here

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on Earth, I always look at some

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patterns as I look back,

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especially in the early years,

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what were some of those early

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patterns that I can think about

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that might suggest what I would

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be doing in future years.

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And I use the term this

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relentless curiosity and

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interest in things, especially

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in terms of how things work.

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Let's see, I think we can just

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postpone that.

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So, that's the very young Bill

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Linton, and at a very young age,

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probably when I was even less

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than two but certainly between

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two and three, I was watching my

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father, who at that time was in

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electrical engineering course at

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Emery University in Georgia.

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I was watching him rebuild

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engines.

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And he was doing that to earn

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money for the family.

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And I never really lost my

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interest in mechanics and sort

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of taking things apart and how

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they got put together.

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I think there was some early

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imprinting that was happening at

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that very young age.

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And then at the age of six, I

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remember having a deep

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fascination with outer space.

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And I really don't know where

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that interest came from, but I

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was just fascinated to think

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about airships and airplanes and

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rocket ships and there was

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something about outer space that

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really drew me.

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But the problem that I knew that

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we had at the time was that

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there wasn't anything powerful

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enough to take anything from the

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Earth into outer space.

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Overcoming gravity was the big

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challenge of the time.

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And one night I remember waking

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up in the middle of the night,

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and I looked at this mirror that

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was above a set of drawers in my

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room, again, six years old.

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As I looked in that mirror, I

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could see stars and I could see

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galaxies.

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And that image of what I saw

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still remains with me even now.

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And I was so convinced that I

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was in outer space looking

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through this window that I never

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had a doubt that eventually

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humans would get into outer

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space.

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But it was just a very

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interesting, we could call it a

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dream or a waking dream or

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something, but there was

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something that really impressed

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me as a young child with the

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fact that we were going to go to

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outer space and we were going to

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see things there that we

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00:09:42,500 --> 00:09:45,600
couldn't see from the Earth.

291
00:09:45,600 --> 00:09:46,800
By the time I turned 11 I spent

292
00:09:46,800 --> 00:09:47,966
a couple summers working for my

293
00:09:47,966 --> 00:09:49,233
dad.

294
00:09:49,233 --> 00:09:52,266
He was a very creative engineer,

295
00:09:52,266 --> 00:09:53,433
but he wasn't particularly good

296
00:09:53,433 --> 00:09:54,633
in business.

297
00:09:54,633 --> 00:09:55,933
What he really taught me through

298
00:09:55,933 --> 00:09:58,233
what he didn't know was what

299
00:09:58,233 --> 00:09:59,600
were the elements that would

300
00:09:59,600 --> 00:10:00,833
eventually make a successful

301
00:10:00,833 --> 00:10:02,100
business.

302
00:10:02,100 --> 00:10:03,300
And it's often not what someone

303
00:10:03,300 --> 00:10:04,533
can tell you directly but often

304
00:10:04,533 --> 00:10:06,533
what someone perhaps doesn't

305
00:10:06,533 --> 00:10:07,766
teach you directly but what you

306
00:10:07,766 --> 00:10:09,200
observe in what they do that can

307
00:10:09,200 --> 00:10:10,700
be most instructive when you're

308
00:10:10,700 --> 00:10:12,500
growing up.

309
00:10:12,500 --> 00:10:13,866
And when I was in sixth grade,

310
00:10:13,866 --> 00:10:16,366
my classmates decided what they

311
00:10:16,366 --> 00:10:18,366
would do is they'd take all

312
00:10:18,366 --> 00:10:19,566
their fellow classmates and they

313
00:10:19,566 --> 00:10:21,700
would decide what they were

314
00:10:21,700 --> 00:10:22,966
going to be when they grew up.

315
00:10:22,966 --> 00:10:25,133
And they decided that I was most

316
00:10:25,133 --> 00:10:27,033
likely to be a mad scientist

317
00:10:27,033 --> 00:10:28,266
when I grew up, and that was in

318
00:10:28,266 --> 00:10:29,400
sixth grade.

319
00:10:29,400 --> 00:10:30,466
I thought that was pretty cool.

320
00:10:30,466 --> 00:10:31,900
I wouldn't mind being a mad

321
00:10:31,900 --> 00:10:33,766
scientist.

322
00:10:33,766 --> 00:10:36,166
So there by the year 1958 in

323
00:10:36,166 --> 00:10:39,866
sixth grade, I had observed a

324
00:10:39,866 --> 00:10:41,433
lot in business, and I already

325
00:10:41,433 --> 00:10:42,866
had a very deep interest in

326
00:10:42,866 --> 00:10:45,233
science.

327
00:10:45,233 --> 00:10:46,500
And then when I was 15, I

328
00:10:46,500 --> 00:10:48,266
attended a National Science

329
00:10:48,266 --> 00:10:49,466
Foundation summer science

330
00:10:49,466 --> 00:10:51,066
program, and that was really

331
00:10:51,066 --> 00:10:52,566
instructive for me.

332
00:10:52,566 --> 00:10:53,866
It had a very deep impression.

333
00:10:53,866 --> 00:10:55,000
It was at the University of

334
00:10:55,000 --> 00:10:56,433
Texas in Austin, and I really

335
00:10:56,433 --> 00:10:57,700
got hooked on biology and

336
00:10:57,700 --> 00:10:59,833
chemistry as a result of that

337
00:10:59,833 --> 00:11:01,266
opportunity that was funded by

338
00:11:01,266 --> 00:11:03,766
the National Science Foundation.

339
00:11:03,766 --> 00:11:05,366
And a little story of what I

340
00:11:05,366 --> 00:11:07,000
would do in the evenings, I

341
00:11:07,000 --> 00:11:08,433
discovered that in the back of

342
00:11:08,433 --> 00:11:09,700
the chemistry building there

343
00:11:09,700 --> 00:11:11,600
were these dumpsters and they

344
00:11:11,600 --> 00:11:12,666
would throw away glassware and

345
00:11:12,666 --> 00:11:13,766
equipment and all kinds of

346
00:11:13,766 --> 00:11:14,733
stuff.

347
00:11:14,733 --> 00:11:16,166
By the end of that summer, I had

348
00:11:16,166 --> 00:11:17,933
a couple of large boxes full of

349
00:11:17,933 --> 00:11:19,200
what later became my first

350
00:11:19,200 --> 00:11:21,566
laboratory which I took home,

351
00:11:21,566 --> 00:11:24,033
and that was the way I first

352
00:11:24,033 --> 00:11:27,566
collected my laboratory.

353
00:11:27,566 --> 00:11:28,800
There was another thing that I

354
00:11:28,800 --> 00:11:30,766
observed being quite young,

355
00:11:30,766 --> 00:11:33,400
which was kind of a phenomenon.

356
00:11:33,400 --> 00:11:38,300
It was that I had an interesting

357
00:11:38,300 --> 00:11:41,666
ability to visualize numbers and

358
00:11:41,666 --> 00:11:43,566
not just in mathematics or not

359
00:11:43,566 --> 00:11:45,933
just in the homework that you

360
00:11:45,933 --> 00:11:47,700
would do.

361
00:11:47,700 --> 00:11:49,033
But someone would come up to me

362
00:11:49,033 --> 00:11:52,033
and say guess how many pennies

363
00:11:52,033 --> 00:11:53,366
I've got in my pocket.

364
00:11:53,366 --> 00:11:54,733
And I would just say 13, and

365
00:11:54,733 --> 00:11:55,733
they would take out their

366
00:11:55,733 --> 00:11:56,833
pennies and count and sure

367
00:11:56,833 --> 00:11:59,700
enough there were 13 pennies.

368
00:11:59,700 --> 00:12:02,200
And it's just kind of, you say

369
00:12:02,200 --> 00:12:03,633
that's kind of coincidence, but

370
00:12:03,633 --> 00:12:05,633
this happened time and time

371
00:12:05,633 --> 00:12:06,800
again in different

372
00:12:06,800 --> 00:12:08,433
circumstances.

373
00:12:08,433 --> 00:12:10,500
And what I discovered as I sort

374
00:12:10,500 --> 00:12:12,833
of observed this and it was sort

375
00:12:12,833 --> 00:12:15,066
of a random thing, but as long

376
00:12:15,066 --> 00:12:16,600
as I didn't have any emotional

377
00:12:16,600 --> 00:12:18,433
outcome, attachment to the

378
00:12:18,433 --> 00:12:21,200
outcome, that this would work.

379
00:12:21,200 --> 00:12:23,166
And it's something that

380
00:12:23,166 --> 00:12:25,133
throughout my life I observed

381
00:12:25,133 --> 00:12:27,000
over and over again.

382
00:12:27,000 --> 00:12:28,266
And, as you might imagine in a

383
00:12:28,266 --> 00:12:30,166
business setting, that can be

384
00:12:30,166 --> 00:12:31,466
rather interesting, and it

385
00:12:31,466 --> 00:12:32,800
turned out to be a rather

386
00:12:32,800 --> 00:12:35,500
valuable thing over the years.

387
00:12:35,500 --> 00:12:36,966
So, again, just another kind of

388
00:12:36,966 --> 00:12:38,266
an observation of something that

389
00:12:38,266 --> 00:12:39,966
maybe is not totally explainable

390
00:12:39,966 --> 00:12:41,300
in terms of the science that we

391
00:12:41,300 --> 00:12:42,900
know today, but there's a lot

392
00:12:42,900 --> 00:12:44,533
that we really don't know about

393
00:12:44,533 --> 00:12:45,966
how the mind works and what the

394
00:12:45,966 --> 00:12:47,333
connections are to the brain.

395
00:12:47,333 --> 00:12:48,733
So that will be kind of where

396
00:12:48,733 --> 00:12:51,866
I'm going with this.

397
00:12:51,866 --> 00:12:53,400
And there's another observation

398
00:12:53,400 --> 00:12:57,333
that I had, and that was that

399
00:12:57,333 --> 00:12:59,600
often I would see something that

400
00:12:59,600 --> 00:13:03,133
later on would become something

401
00:13:03,133 --> 00:13:05,400
that was real.

402
00:13:05,400 --> 00:13:07,466
And I just want to use this

403
00:13:07,466 --> 00:13:10,733
picture as kind of this picture

404
00:13:10,733 --> 00:13:13,233
of reflection.

405
00:13:13,233 --> 00:13:15,966
And I didn't really quite

406
00:13:15,966 --> 00:13:17,066
understand the phenomenon until

407
00:13:17,066 --> 00:13:21,800
I read a book by an author

408
00:13:21,800 --> 00:13:23,466
Atwater that was written in

409
00:13:23,466 --> 00:13:24,766
1996, and the book is called

410
00:13:24,766 --> 00:13:27,133
Future Memory.

411
00:13:27,133 --> 00:13:28,766
And it's about people who in a

412
00:13:28,766 --> 00:13:30,900
way live the future before it's

413
00:13:30,900 --> 00:13:33,100
physically manifested, and they

414
00:13:33,100 --> 00:13:35,600
remember having done that as

415
00:13:35,600 --> 00:13:38,433
though it is an actual memory.

416
00:13:38,433 --> 00:13:40,100
And that experience can be so

417
00:13:40,100 --> 00:13:41,466
real that it's hard to

418
00:13:41,466 --> 00:13:42,700
distinguish that from an actual

419
00:13:42,700 --> 00:13:44,166
memory.

420
00:13:44,166 --> 00:13:45,400
And so often we think, well,

421
00:13:45,400 --> 00:13:46,700
that can't really happen because

422
00:13:46,700 --> 00:13:48,000
we have clear memories of the

423
00:13:48,000 --> 00:13:50,166
past, the future we always view

424
00:13:50,166 --> 00:13:52,900
as being sort of fuzzy.

425
00:13:52,900 --> 00:13:54,866
But time is an interesting

426
00:13:54,866 --> 00:13:57,600
construct, and there really

427
00:13:57,600 --> 00:14:01,066
isn't any physical basis for

428
00:14:01,066 --> 00:14:02,600
time other than the way that we

429
00:14:02,600 --> 00:14:05,133
make sense of things.

430
00:14:05,133 --> 00:14:06,600
There's no formula that says

431
00:14:06,600 --> 00:14:08,266
this is exactly why time should

432
00:14:08,266 --> 00:14:10,233
exist.

433
00:14:10,233 --> 00:14:11,633
And so we work very well in this

434
00:14:11,633 --> 00:14:13,166
construct time, past, present,

435
00:14:13,166 --> 00:14:15,066
and future, and I think there

436
00:14:15,066 --> 00:14:17,500
are ways of working with time or

437
00:14:17,500 --> 00:14:19,300
viewing time or even seeing

438
00:14:19,300 --> 00:14:20,533
things that might be in and out

439
00:14:20,533 --> 00:14:22,000
of time that could be

440
00:14:22,000 --> 00:14:25,900
instructive for us.

441
00:14:25,900 --> 00:14:28,833
Well, I went to undergrad at

442
00:14:28,833 --> 00:14:31,633
Berkeley in 1967 to 1970.

443
00:14:31,633 --> 00:14:32,933
You might imagine what those

444
00:14:32,933 --> 00:14:34,200
years were like for me and were

445
00:14:34,200 --> 00:14:35,600
actually wonderful.

446
00:14:35,600 --> 00:14:38,200
I graduated in 1970.

447
00:14:38,200 --> 00:14:40,433
And then I took off about three

448
00:14:40,433 --> 00:14:42,933
years.

449
00:14:42,933 --> 00:14:46,566
And this was probably one of the

450
00:14:46,566 --> 00:14:48,600
most fascinating journeys that I

451
00:14:48,600 --> 00:14:51,533
ever went on in my life.

452
00:14:51,533 --> 00:14:53,033
I was in a Land Rover, took off

453
00:14:53,033 --> 00:14:55,566
for nine months, and went

454
00:14:55,566 --> 00:14:57,166
through Europe, northern Africa,

455
00:14:57,166 --> 00:14:58,600
down through the Sahara Desert.

456
00:14:58,600 --> 00:14:59,933
It took 28 days to cross the

457
00:14:59,933 --> 00:15:02,566
desert and found myself

458
00:15:02,566 --> 00:15:05,866
eventually in Liberia.

459
00:15:05,866 --> 00:15:07,433
Sold the Land Rover to a diamond

460
00:15:07,433 --> 00:15:09,033
mine, got enough money to pay

461
00:15:09,033 --> 00:15:10,366
for a freighter ticket to get

462
00:15:10,366 --> 00:15:11,966
back to the United States.

463
00:15:11,966 --> 00:15:15,000
And I just hope if anybody here

464
00:15:15,000 --> 00:15:16,266
has some inkling or an idea that

465
00:15:16,266 --> 00:15:18,266
it'd be great to take a year

466
00:15:18,266 --> 00:15:19,566
off, by all means do it.

467
00:15:19,566 --> 00:15:20,833
The things that you can run

468
00:15:20,833 --> 00:15:21,933
across and the experiences you

469
00:15:21,933 --> 00:15:23,733
can have can be invaluable.

470
00:15:23,733 --> 00:15:26,666
I couldn't imagine today even

471
00:15:26,666 --> 00:15:27,966
contemplating doing something

472
00:15:27,966 --> 00:15:29,600
like that.

473
00:15:29,600 --> 00:15:30,933
But you never know when your

474
00:15:30,933 --> 00:15:33,133
mind is open and you have an

475
00:15:33,133 --> 00:15:34,733
opportunity to take some time

476
00:15:34,733 --> 00:15:36,500
off, wonderful things can

477
00:15:36,500 --> 00:15:39,366
happen.

478
00:15:39,366 --> 00:15:41,900
So in 1976 after work that I did

479
00:15:41,900 --> 00:15:43,966
in pharmaceutical chemistry, and

480
00:15:43,966 --> 00:15:45,233
I worked for three years as a

481
00:15:45,233 --> 00:15:46,766
development scientist at

482
00:15:46,766 --> 00:15:47,966
Scientific Protein Labs in

483
00:15:47,966 --> 00:15:49,833
Waunakee.

484
00:15:49,833 --> 00:15:53,500
I was talking with some people

485
00:15:53,500 --> 00:15:55,133
at the university here in

486
00:15:55,133 --> 00:15:57,700
McArdle Laboratories, and they

487
00:15:57,700 --> 00:16:01,133
said we really are tired, as

488
00:16:01,133 --> 00:16:02,566
graduate students, of making

489
00:16:02,566 --> 00:16:04,400
these enzymes that are used to

490
00:16:04,400 --> 00:16:07,233
cut and splice DNA.

491
00:16:07,233 --> 00:16:09,333
And so I kind of took that on as

492
00:16:09,333 --> 00:16:10,600
a challenge, and I thought, you

493
00:16:10,600 --> 00:16:11,933
know, I'm pretty good with the

494
00:16:11,933 --> 00:16:13,466
lab, I'm pretty good proteins,

495
00:16:13,466 --> 00:16:14,700
and let's see what I can do with

496
00:16:14,700 --> 00:16:15,900
that.

497
00:16:15,900 --> 00:16:20,066
So in 1978, with a lot of help

498
00:16:20,066 --> 00:16:21,500
from a lot of people here at the

499
00:16:21,500 --> 00:16:23,700
university, I started Promega.

500
00:16:23,700 --> 00:16:27,433
I was 31 years old at the time.

501
00:16:27,433 --> 00:16:29,466
And what I was doing was making

502
00:16:29,466 --> 00:16:32,033
a group of products that the

503
00:16:32,033 --> 00:16:33,266
students didn't want to make

504
00:16:33,266 --> 00:16:34,466
anymore, they were in short

505
00:16:34,466 --> 00:16:35,666
supply, it was difficult to get

506
00:16:35,666 --> 00:16:36,833
some of these, and I was kind of

507
00:16:36,833 --> 00:16:38,833
a local supplier.

508
00:16:38,833 --> 00:16:40,000
So, again, it was kind of this

509
00:16:40,000 --> 00:16:41,166
curiosity about a new field and

510
00:16:41,166 --> 00:16:42,500
what might be possible that sort

511
00:16:42,500 --> 00:16:46,666
of led me in that direction.

512
00:16:46,666 --> 00:16:48,133
And within a couple years I was

513
00:16:48,133 --> 00:16:52,700
trying to work also in another

514
00:16:52,700 --> 00:16:55,000
laboratory in Holland.

515
00:16:55,000 --> 00:16:56,600
In this case, this is in Leiden,

516
00:16:56,600 --> 00:16:58,166
Holland, and we were growing up

517
00:16:58,166 --> 00:17:00,466
some blue-green algae to make

518
00:17:00,466 --> 00:17:04,400
one of the restriction enzymes.

519
00:17:04,400 --> 00:17:06,433
And it was a rather challenging

520
00:17:06,433 --> 00:17:09,566
situation there because what I

521
00:17:09,566 --> 00:17:11,366
discovered was that the culture

522
00:17:11,366 --> 00:17:13,100
in Holland wasn't necessarily

523
00:17:13,100 --> 00:17:14,700
amendable to what you need to do

524
00:17:14,700 --> 00:17:15,966
if you're going to be making

525
00:17:15,966 --> 00:17:17,300
some of these enzymes.

526
00:17:17,300 --> 00:17:18,866
So, for example, they would come

527
00:17:18,866 --> 00:17:20,600
in at exact time in the morning.

528
00:17:20,600 --> 00:17:22,166
At 11:45 you had to take off and

529
00:17:22,166 --> 00:17:24,200
spend about an hour at lunch.

530
00:17:24,200 --> 00:17:26,133
4:45 you're out the door, and if

531
00:17:26,133 --> 00:17:27,400
it's a Friday, you don't come

532
00:17:27,400 --> 00:17:28,700
back until Monday.

533
00:17:28,700 --> 00:17:30,566
And as any of you know if you've

534
00:17:30,566 --> 00:17:32,033
been trying to isolate and

535
00:17:32,033 --> 00:17:33,166
purify an enzyme, there are

536
00:17:33,166 --> 00:17:34,333
certain points where you just

537
00:17:34,333 --> 00:17:36,066
can't drop it and then come back

538
00:17:36,066 --> 00:17:37,433
two days later and hope that

539
00:17:37,433 --> 00:17:39,700
it's still surviving.

540
00:17:39,700 --> 00:17:40,800
So I tried to do that for about

541
00:17:40,800 --> 00:17:42,000
a year and a half and kind of

542
00:17:42,000 --> 00:17:44,800
gave up on that idea.

543
00:17:44,800 --> 00:17:46,233
But it was a fun experience to

544
00:17:46,233 --> 00:17:48,566
try that.

545
00:17:48,566 --> 00:17:50,833
I also wanted to give credit to

546
00:17:50,833 --> 00:17:52,166
some of the people that I

547
00:17:52,166 --> 00:17:53,233
mentioned earlier but many, many

548
00:17:53,233 --> 00:17:54,600
people at the university that

549
00:17:54,600 --> 00:17:57,166
were really helpful.

550
00:17:57,166 --> 00:17:58,933
There's a young man right here

551
00:17:58,933 --> 00:18:00,533
that I think I might see in the

552
00:18:00,533 --> 00:18:06,233
audience, Jim Dahlberg, Janet

553
00:18:06,233 --> 00:18:08,733
Mertz, I think this is

554
00:18:08,733 --> 00:18:12,233
Fred Blattner, Waclaw Szybalski.

555
00:18:12,233 --> 00:18:13,633
It was in Howard Temin's lab

556
00:18:13,633 --> 00:18:15,700
that I got the first idea from

557
00:18:15,700 --> 00:18:17,000
one of the graduate students to

558
00:18:17,000 --> 00:18:18,200
make some of these products.

559
00:18:18,200 --> 00:18:19,500
But again, these are all people

560
00:18:19,500 --> 00:18:21,566
at the University of Wisconsin,

561
00:18:21,566 --> 00:18:23,166
and this is really a large part

562
00:18:23,166 --> 00:18:24,500
of the reason why Promega got

563
00:18:24,500 --> 00:18:26,200
established here was through

564
00:18:26,200 --> 00:18:30,600
some of this incredible help

565
00:18:30,600 --> 00:18:32,800
that I had in methods, in

566
00:18:32,800 --> 00:18:35,500
bacterial cultures, and all the

567
00:18:35,500 --> 00:18:39,700
methods that I had help with.

568
00:18:39,700 --> 00:18:41,966
DNA reference samples and so

569
00:18:41,966 --> 00:18:43,366
forth.

570
00:18:43,366 --> 00:18:45,300
So it was really a great place

571
00:18:45,300 --> 00:18:48,033
to start the business.

572
00:18:48,033 --> 00:18:50,700
So if we fast forward now from

573
00:18:50,700 --> 00:18:52,466
those very early days to what

574
00:18:52,466 --> 00:18:54,033
the company looks like today, we

575
00:18:54,033 --> 00:18:55,333
really celebrated last year the

576
00:18:55,333 --> 00:18:57,933
35th year of the company.

577
00:18:57,933 --> 00:19:01,100
And just a few highlights.

578
00:19:01,100 --> 00:19:02,700
This is not really a business

579
00:19:02,700 --> 00:19:04,166
lecture.

580
00:19:04,166 --> 00:19:05,566
It's really going into a couple

581
00:19:05,566 --> 00:19:07,066
different directions here.

582
00:19:07,066 --> 00:19:09,166
But in 2013 we had revenues of

583
00:19:09,166 --> 00:19:12,100
just over $350 million,

584
00:19:12,100 --> 00:19:14,333
1300 employees, 15 countries,

585
00:19:14,333 --> 00:19:17,500
and about 2700 products which

586
00:19:17,500 --> 00:19:20,366
span technologies from genomics

587
00:19:20,366 --> 00:19:24,800
all the way to cell biology and

588
00:19:24,800 --> 00:19:27,000
proteomics and many of the other

589
00:19:27,000 --> 00:19:28,866
techniques involved in life

590
00:19:28,866 --> 00:19:32,166
science and between.

591
00:19:32,166 --> 00:19:33,800
If you haven't been to our

592
00:19:33,800 --> 00:19:35,400
campus recently, I'd be

593
00:19:35,400 --> 00:19:37,466
delighted to host you there.

594
00:19:37,466 --> 00:19:38,866
We have a new building that just

595
00:19:38,866 --> 00:19:40,466
opened in October.

596
00:19:40,466 --> 00:19:41,933
It's just under 300,000 square

597
00:19:41,933 --> 00:19:43,400
feet.

598
00:19:43,400 --> 00:19:44,700
We called the Richard P Feynman

599
00:19:44,700 --> 00:19:46,933
Center after a Nobel Prize

600
00:19:46,933 --> 00:19:48,733
winning physicist Richard

601
00:19:48,733 --> 00:19:50,566
Feynman.

602
00:19:50,566 --> 00:19:52,600
He was a true renaissance man,

603
00:19:52,600 --> 00:19:54,066
brilliant in science but also

604
00:19:54,066 --> 00:19:55,600
really gifted in the arts,

605
00:19:55,600 --> 00:19:57,200
culture, and he had a great

606
00:19:57,200 --> 00:19:58,733
sense of humor.

607
00:19:58,733 --> 00:20:00,133
So he wasn't a life scientist,

608
00:20:00,133 --> 00:20:01,500
but I think he represents much

609
00:20:01,500 --> 00:20:03,500
of what we aspire to when we

610
00:20:03,500 --> 00:20:05,533
think about what we can do as

611
00:20:05,533 --> 00:20:07,166
individuals and also the kinds

612
00:20:07,166 --> 00:20:08,600
of people that we hope to bring

613
00:20:08,600 --> 00:20:10,066
into the company.

614
00:20:10,066 --> 00:20:12,166
This building expands our

615
00:20:12,166 --> 00:20:13,900
capability, particularly in

616
00:20:13,900 --> 00:20:15,933
molecular diagnostics, and it's

617
00:20:15,933 --> 00:20:18,066
referred to as a CGMP, current

618
00:20:18,066 --> 00:20:19,533
good manufacturing practices

619
00:20:19,533 --> 00:20:22,033
facility.

620
00:20:22,033 --> 00:20:25,066
But size and growth, while

621
00:20:25,066 --> 00:20:26,966
they're important, they're not

622
00:20:26,966 --> 00:20:29,200
the most important factors, and

623
00:20:29,200 --> 00:20:31,033
I'd like to spend just a couple

624
00:20:31,033 --> 00:20:33,033
of minutes on what makes Promega

625
00:20:33,033 --> 00:20:35,166
different.

626
00:20:35,166 --> 00:20:37,066
What are some of the things that

627
00:20:37,066 --> 00:20:38,866
we've aspired to do as an

628
00:20:38,866 --> 00:20:41,100
organization that I hope goes

629
00:20:41,100 --> 00:20:43,100
beyond just some of the normal

630
00:20:43,100 --> 00:20:45,600
values that you often find in

631
00:20:45,600 --> 00:20:47,800
business.

632
00:20:47,800 --> 00:20:49,433
I think just like a person, an

633
00:20:49,433 --> 00:20:51,100
organization you can view as

634
00:20:51,100 --> 00:20:53,700
something that's living.

635
00:20:53,700 --> 00:20:56,100
It has something like a mind or

636
00:20:56,100 --> 00:20:59,433
maybe a brain.

637
00:20:59,433 --> 00:21:01,600
I think it's got a body.

638
00:21:01,600 --> 00:21:03,366
And let's imagine that it has

639
00:21:03,366 --> 00:21:05,600
soul and spirit too.

640
00:21:05,600 --> 00:21:07,300
So let's maybe explore these

641
00:21:07,300 --> 00:21:09,733
ideas just for a moment.

642
00:21:09,733 --> 00:21:13,466
This slide, if you look in the

643
00:21:13,466 --> 00:21:15,500
middle, talks about Promega in

644
00:21:15,500 --> 00:21:17,900
the year 2078.

645
00:21:17,900 --> 00:21:20,400
And one of the things that we've

646
00:21:20,400 --> 00:21:23,000
been talking about in the last

647
00:21:23,000 --> 00:21:25,666
few years is how to build a

648
00:21:25,666 --> 00:21:27,233
company and how to set a

649
00:21:27,233 --> 00:21:28,766
foundation for a business that

650
00:21:28,766 --> 00:21:31,433
can last a hundred years.

651
00:21:31,433 --> 00:21:33,100
And 2078, of course, would be

652
00:21:33,100 --> 00:21:35,333
the anniversary of Promega at

653
00:21:35,333 --> 00:21:38,866
that point in time.

654
00:21:38,866 --> 00:21:42,066
So to kind of follow this idea

655
00:21:42,066 --> 00:21:44,333
of the mind and the body and the

656
00:21:44,333 --> 00:21:46,233
spirit in business, the body

657
00:21:46,233 --> 00:21:47,866
might be considered to be the

658
00:21:47,866 --> 00:21:49,700
products and the services that

659
00:21:49,700 --> 00:21:51,400
we offer, the mind is our plan

660
00:21:51,400 --> 00:21:52,800
for how we want to expand the

661
00:21:52,800 --> 00:21:54,100
business technology

662
00:21:54,100 --> 00:21:55,666
developments, and the generation

663
00:21:55,666 --> 00:21:57,166
of resources which would be

664
00:21:57,166 --> 00:21:58,633
positive cash flow to finance

665
00:21:58,633 --> 00:22:00,500
the things that we're going to

666
00:22:00,500 --> 00:22:02,566
be building in the future.

667
00:22:02,566 --> 00:22:04,000
But the soul and the spirit is

668
00:22:04,000 --> 00:22:05,633
really why we do this.

669
00:22:05,633 --> 00:22:06,633
Being a private company,

670
00:22:06,633 --> 00:22:08,933
we don't have to report out

671
00:22:08,933 --> 00:22:10,633
earnings to Wall Street.

672
00:22:10,633 --> 00:22:12,200
We're not working for venture

673
00:22:12,200 --> 00:22:13,966
capitalists who might expect a

674
00:22:13,966 --> 00:22:15,566
high rate of return in three to

675
00:22:15,566 --> 00:22:17,833
five years And fortunately our

676
00:22:17,833 --> 00:22:20,000
stage of maturation after 35

677
00:22:20,000 --> 00:22:22,200
years is such that we're allowed

678
00:22:22,200 --> 00:22:23,866
to view our present and our

679
00:22:23,866 --> 00:22:25,266
future from a different

680
00:22:25,266 --> 00:22:26,700
perspective than just survival

681
00:22:26,700 --> 00:22:28,233
and early adolescence of a new

682
00:22:28,233 --> 00:22:29,966
business.

683
00:22:29,966 --> 00:22:31,366
And that's why we're now looking

684
00:22:31,366 --> 00:22:33,133
at what are the things that we

685
00:22:33,133 --> 00:22:34,633
want to focus on as a company

686
00:22:34,633 --> 00:22:36,100
that will enable us to survive

687
00:22:36,100 --> 00:22:38,366
until the year 2078 and possibly

688
00:22:38,366 --> 00:22:41,200
beyond that.

689
00:22:41,200 --> 00:22:43,500
So our long range goals include

690
00:22:43,500 --> 00:22:45,700
contributions to society, the

691
00:22:45,700 --> 00:22:47,300
community, exploring the

692
00:22:47,300 --> 00:22:49,100
frontiers of course of science,

693
00:22:49,100 --> 00:22:51,133
for better technologies,

694
00:22:51,133 --> 00:22:52,833
medicines, better tools for

695
00:22:52,833 --> 00:22:54,333
doing basic and applied

696
00:22:54,333 --> 00:22:55,833
research, and also creating a

697
00:22:55,833 --> 00:22:57,333
unique environment for our

698
00:22:57,333 --> 00:22:58,800
employees and our business

699
00:22:58,800 --> 00:23:01,866
partners.

700
00:23:01,866 --> 00:23:04,100
Now, we've borrowed also an

701
00:23:04,100 --> 00:23:06,900
image that you normally see when

702
00:23:06,900 --> 00:23:10,233
you take a course in psychology.

703
00:23:10,233 --> 00:23:13,100
And this is based on Abraham

704
00:23:13,100 --> 00:23:15,233
Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

705
00:23:15,233 --> 00:23:17,033
And one of the reasons that I

706
00:23:17,033 --> 00:23:19,100
like to use Maslow is that he

707
00:23:19,100 --> 00:23:21,433
was a student, and in fact I

708
00:23:21,433 --> 00:23:23,133
think he got his PhD here at the

709
00:23:23,133 --> 00:23:24,733
University of Wisconsin.

710
00:23:24,733 --> 00:23:26,666
Came from New York.

711
00:23:26,666 --> 00:23:28,600
He didn't get along well with

712
00:23:28,600 --> 00:23:30,066
his parents, and so if you don't

713
00:23:30,066 --> 00:23:31,433
get along well with your

714
00:23:31,433 --> 00:23:32,800
parents, where do you go?

715
00:23:32,800 --> 00:23:34,366
You go to Madison to gain some

716
00:23:34,366 --> 00:23:36,033
degree of freedom.

717
00:23:36,033 --> 00:23:37,566
And he came here and he got

718
00:23:37,566 --> 00:23:39,333
married here and it was while he

719
00:23:39,333 --> 00:23:41,066
was here that he began to

720
00:23:41,066 --> 00:23:44,033
develop this idea of the human

721
00:23:44,033 --> 00:23:45,966
potential movement that became

722
00:23:45,966 --> 00:23:48,133
really embedded within

723
00:23:48,133 --> 00:23:50,300
psychology.

724
00:23:50,300 --> 00:23:51,800
And the idea was at the very

725
00:23:51,800 --> 00:23:53,766
base of our existence we meet

726
00:23:53,766 --> 00:23:55,500
our physical needs.

727
00:23:55,500 --> 00:23:57,100
Food, clothing, shelter, all the

728
00:23:57,100 --> 00:23:58,533
things that enable us to live

729
00:23:58,533 --> 00:24:00,566
day to day.

730
00:24:00,566 --> 00:24:02,733
And as we establish that, we can

731
00:24:02,733 --> 00:24:04,266
then turn our attention to other

732
00:24:04,266 --> 00:24:05,533
kinds of things.

733
00:24:05,533 --> 00:24:06,866
If you don't have enough food or

734
00:24:06,866 --> 00:24:08,200
you're worrying about where

735
00:24:08,200 --> 00:24:09,466
you're going to live, you're not

736
00:24:09,466 --> 00:24:10,833
going to spend a lot of time

737
00:24:10,833 --> 00:24:12,133
being concerned about these

738
00:24:12,133 --> 00:24:14,766
other aspects of this hierarchy.

739
00:24:14,766 --> 00:24:16,400
But once you do have that

740
00:24:16,400 --> 00:24:17,900
established, then you can think

741
00:24:17,900 --> 00:24:19,766
about things like your safety

742
00:24:19,766 --> 00:24:22,166
and security and pension plans

743
00:24:22,166 --> 00:24:24,066
or other kinds of things that

744
00:24:24,066 --> 00:24:27,066
might help you in the future.

745
00:24:27,066 --> 00:24:29,633
Love and belonging become

746
00:24:29,633 --> 00:24:31,866
important in this hierarchy.

747
00:24:31,866 --> 00:24:33,933
And then esteem, your standing

748
00:24:33,933 --> 00:24:36,066
in the community, once these

749
00:24:36,066 --> 00:24:38,300
other things are established.

750
00:24:38,300 --> 00:24:39,766
And then he identified something

751
00:24:39,766 --> 00:24:41,166
that he said once these other

752
00:24:41,166 --> 00:24:42,666
things are fulfilled, each

753
00:24:42,666 --> 00:24:45,033
person has an opportunity to go

754
00:24:45,033 --> 00:24:47,000
beyond that and to say, what is

755
00:24:47,000 --> 00:24:48,966
it that I'm really here for?

756
00:24:48,966 --> 00:24:51,066
And what can I do that will make

757
00:24:51,066 --> 00:24:52,733
my life meaningful beyond just

758
00:24:52,733 --> 00:24:55,066
the things that might be

759
00:24:55,066 --> 00:24:56,733
normally accepted in the

760
00:24:56,733 --> 00:24:59,466
community or normally accepted

761
00:24:59,466 --> 00:25:02,833
within our business practices?

762
00:25:02,833 --> 00:25:05,133
What more is there in life?

763
00:25:05,133 --> 00:25:06,600
And he called that

764
00:25:06,600 --> 00:25:09,300
self-actualization.

765
00:25:09,300 --> 00:25:10,900
And so we kind of looked at this

766
00:25:10,900 --> 00:25:12,866
and we said this really has some

767
00:25:12,866 --> 00:25:15,066
interesting characteristics to

768
00:25:15,066 --> 00:25:16,566
it, and perhaps there might be

769
00:25:16,566 --> 00:25:17,833
something that we can learn from

770
00:25:17,833 --> 00:25:19,200
this from the business

771
00:25:19,200 --> 00:25:20,666
standpoint as well.

772
00:25:20,666 --> 00:25:22,066
But to take a little bit of a

773
00:25:22,066 --> 00:25:23,433
deeper dive into this aspect of

774
00:25:23,433 --> 00:25:25,166
these levels of these layers of

775
00:25:25,166 --> 00:25:26,500
human development, we began to

776
00:25:26,500 --> 00:25:28,600
talk more intentionally within

777
00:25:28,600 --> 00:25:30,266
the company about some other

778
00:25:30,266 --> 00:25:32,266
things that had to do with other

779
00:25:32,266 --> 00:25:35,633
levels of human development

780
00:25:35,633 --> 00:25:37,600
which are not meant to be so

781
00:25:37,600 --> 00:25:39,500
much hierarchical as they are

782
00:25:39,500 --> 00:25:41,400
opportunities for further growth

783
00:25:41,400 --> 00:25:43,866
individually.

784
00:25:43,866 --> 00:25:46,433
So the very base is perhaps the

785
00:25:46,433 --> 00:25:50,133
characteristic of an individual

786
00:25:50,133 --> 00:25:52,233
that might be called impulsive

787
00:25:52,233 --> 00:25:54,166
And this is where a person is

788
00:25:54,166 --> 00:25:55,733
just acting to meet their

789
00:25:55,733 --> 00:25:57,100
survival needs.

790
00:25:57,100 --> 00:25:58,366
A little bit like that very base

791
00:25:58,366 --> 00:26:01,433
in Maslow's hierarchy.

792
00:26:01,433 --> 00:26:03,066
And then next would be more

793
00:26:03,066 --> 00:26:05,600
opportunistic.

794
00:26:05,600 --> 00:26:09,433
They might work or manipulate

795
00:26:09,433 --> 00:26:10,900
other people for their own

796
00:26:10,900 --> 00:26:12,933
self-gain.

797
00:26:12,933 --> 00:26:14,600
As they grow in their awareness

798
00:26:14,600 --> 00:26:16,666
and their ability to better

799
00:26:16,666 --> 00:26:19,100
interact with others, you might

800
00:26:19,100 --> 00:26:21,100
have a diplomat, people who are

801
00:26:21,100 --> 00:26:22,700
very good at working with others

802
00:26:22,700 --> 00:26:24,600
and are better able to get to a

803
00:26:24,600 --> 00:26:27,566
certain point through peaceful

804
00:26:27,566 --> 00:26:30,766
means and not through so much

805
00:26:30,766 --> 00:26:33,300
manipulation.

806
00:26:33,300 --> 00:26:35,066
And then the expert.

807
00:26:35,066 --> 00:26:36,900
And, of course, a lot of our

808
00:26:36,900 --> 00:26:38,333
universities, a lot of our

809
00:26:38,333 --> 00:26:39,700
businesses, we look for experts.

810
00:26:39,700 --> 00:26:41,300
So it's not as though each of

811
00:26:41,300 --> 00:26:43,800
these levels is necessarily

812
00:26:43,800 --> 00:26:46,466
negative or overly positive, but

813
00:26:46,466 --> 00:26:47,966
in fact it's often the

814
00:26:47,966 --> 00:26:49,533
combination of these that enable

815
00:26:49,533 --> 00:26:51,700
us to get the right mix of

816
00:26:51,700 --> 00:26:53,100
people for the right kinds of

817
00:26:53,100 --> 00:26:55,866
jobs.

818
00:26:55,866 --> 00:26:57,533
The achiever, the person who

819
00:26:57,533 --> 00:26:59,366
sets goals, motivates, looks for

820
00:26:59,366 --> 00:27:01,366
feedback because they're looking

821
00:27:01,366 --> 00:27:03,166
for ways in which they continue

822
00:27:03,166 --> 00:27:06,066
to self-improve themselves.

823
00:27:06,066 --> 00:27:08,166
Many individualists, and this is

824
00:27:08,166 --> 00:27:09,900
often the person then who's

825
00:27:09,900 --> 00:27:12,400
ready to take the next step and

826
00:27:12,400 --> 00:27:15,533
leaps to the second tier, which

827
00:27:15,533 --> 00:27:19,233
then gets into the realm of

828
00:27:19,233 --> 00:27:21,133
strategy.

829
00:27:21,133 --> 00:27:22,800
Being able to see things from

830
00:27:22,800 --> 00:27:24,966
new perspectives.

831
00:27:24,966 --> 00:27:26,600
And it uses what they've been

832
00:27:26,600 --> 00:27:28,866
able to accomplish and perhaps

833
00:27:28,866 --> 00:27:31,600
the power that they've created

834
00:27:31,600 --> 00:27:33,100
through what they're doing and

835
00:27:33,100 --> 00:27:35,733
who they are to do positive

836
00:27:35,733 --> 00:27:38,066
things, to help transform others

837
00:27:38,066 --> 00:27:39,666
or their work environment or

838
00:27:39,666 --> 00:27:43,600
their university environment.

839
00:27:43,600 --> 00:27:46,000
Then the alchemist, of course

840
00:27:46,000 --> 00:27:48,400
the person who can transmute.

841
00:27:48,400 --> 00:27:50,266
They work in deep processes.

842
00:27:50,266 --> 00:27:51,800
They're willing to accept

843
00:27:51,800 --> 00:27:53,233
mystery.

844
00:27:53,233 --> 00:27:54,733
And then at the top, the

845
00:27:54,733 --> 00:27:56,500
unitive, the person who acts

846
00:27:56,500 --> 00:27:58,633
simply, they pass through deep

847
00:27:58,633 --> 00:28:00,233
complexity, and they've gone to

848
00:28:00,233 --> 00:28:01,633
the other side of more

849
00:28:01,633 --> 00:28:03,133
simplicity.

850
00:28:03,133 --> 00:28:05,066
They lead by who they are and

851
00:28:05,066 --> 00:28:06,600
not so much by saying I'm the

852
00:28:06,600 --> 00:28:08,433
CEO or I'm the president of this

853
00:28:08,433 --> 00:28:12,200
or the head of that.

854
00:28:12,200 --> 00:28:14,200
And then this just kind of gives

855
00:28:14,200 --> 00:28:16,566
a spread of where this often

856
00:28:16,566 --> 00:28:19,800
happens within the population.

857
00:28:19,800 --> 00:28:23,133
At the bottom you really don't

858
00:28:23,133 --> 00:28:24,166
find a lot of leaders.

859
00:28:24,166 --> 00:28:25,033
I say at the bottom, but at this

860
00:28:25,033 --> 00:28:26,566
core.

861
00:28:26,566 --> 00:28:27,766
At the impulsive opportunistic

862
00:28:27,766 --> 00:28:29,233
diplomat, only a few leaders

863
00:28:29,233 --> 00:28:30,466
then.

864
00:28:30,466 --> 00:28:31,466
Then the expert achiever

865
00:28:31,466 --> 00:28:32,366
individualist, we see many more

866
00:28:32,366 --> 00:28:34,200
of our leaders there.

867
00:28:34,200 --> 00:28:35,900
Again, whether it's government

868
00:28:35,900 --> 00:28:37,366
institutions, academic

869
00:28:37,366 --> 00:28:39,300
institutions, or business.

870
00:28:39,300 --> 00:28:40,933
And then going to this second

871
00:28:40,933 --> 00:28:44,166
tier, often also reflects and

872
00:28:44,166 --> 00:28:48,000
individual's ability to exhibit

873
00:28:48,000 --> 00:28:51,733
more wisdom and compassion in

874
00:28:51,733 --> 00:28:54,466
how they interact with others.

875
00:28:54,466 --> 00:28:57,266
And to be able to do that in a

876
00:28:57,266 --> 00:29:01,200
way that, they bring peace both

877
00:29:01,200 --> 00:29:03,133
internally and externally to

878
00:29:03,133 --> 00:29:04,766
their environment.

879
00:29:04,766 --> 00:29:06,400
But this idea of wisdom and

880
00:29:06,400 --> 00:29:08,000
compassion are some of the two

881
00:29:08,000 --> 00:29:09,533
attributes that enable a person

882
00:29:09,533 --> 00:29:11,666
to go to the strategic alchemist

883
00:29:11,666 --> 00:29:14,733
and the unitive levels.

884
00:29:14,733 --> 00:29:17,200
So we're working on these

885
00:29:17,200 --> 00:29:18,933
because we think some of these

886
00:29:18,933 --> 00:29:21,733
attributes are very fundamental

887
00:29:21,733 --> 00:29:23,233
to understanding more of who we

888
00:29:23,233 --> 00:29:24,700
are.

889
00:29:24,700 --> 00:29:26,166
And these are important

890
00:29:26,166 --> 00:29:28,000
characteristics that as we learn

891
00:29:28,000 --> 00:29:29,366
more about these, as we learn

892
00:29:29,366 --> 00:29:30,900
where we fit into these models,

893
00:29:30,900 --> 00:29:32,833
help us in our dialog with our

894
00:29:32,833 --> 00:29:35,133
coworkers, with the people that

895
00:29:35,133 --> 00:29:37,333
we may have an opportunity to

896
00:29:37,333 --> 00:29:38,966
provide guidance to and

897
00:29:38,966 --> 00:29:40,500
leadership with.

898
00:29:40,500 --> 00:29:42,133
I like this circle because what

899
00:29:42,133 --> 00:29:43,766
this says is this is not a

900
00:29:43,766 --> 00:29:45,466
top-down hierarchy.

901
00:29:45,466 --> 00:29:47,166
That there is a movement to it,

902
00:29:47,166 --> 00:29:48,833
but that it's not that any one

903
00:29:48,833 --> 00:29:50,800
is above somebody else.

904
00:29:50,800 --> 00:29:52,300
It's different but there is also

905
00:29:52,300 --> 00:29:54,100
a progression going from the

906
00:29:54,100 --> 00:29:55,666
impulsive to the

907
00:29:55,666 --> 00:29:58,900
transformational individual.

908
00:29:58,900 --> 00:30:00,833
So we're thinking quite a bit

909
00:30:00,833 --> 00:30:02,133
about this.

910
00:30:02,133 --> 00:30:03,700
We're bringing this into

911
00:30:03,700 --> 00:30:05,100
practice, and this becomes a

912
00:30:05,100 --> 00:30:06,466
part of our dialog again in our

913
00:30:06,466 --> 00:30:09,600
daily business.

914
00:30:09,600 --> 00:30:11,100
So going back for a moment to

915
00:30:11,100 --> 00:30:13,033
the hierarchy and then taking

916
00:30:13,033 --> 00:30:14,800
the individual hierarchy into

917
00:30:14,800 --> 00:30:16,466
the company, let's look at how

918
00:30:16,466 --> 00:30:17,933
that might translate into

919
00:30:17,933 --> 00:30:19,300
business terms.

920
00:30:19,300 --> 00:30:20,900
So at the very bottom is, just

921
00:30:20,900 --> 00:30:22,500
like food, clothing, and shelter

922
00:30:22,500 --> 00:30:23,800
for business, you need to have

923
00:30:23,800 --> 00:30:25,333
cash flow.

924
00:30:25,333 --> 00:30:26,733
You want to create value.

925
00:30:26,733 --> 00:30:28,200
You have to bring something

926
00:30:28,200 --> 00:30:29,500
that's meaningful and you have

927
00:30:29,500 --> 00:30:30,700
find people who are willing to

928
00:30:30,700 --> 00:30:31,866
pay for it.

929
00:30:31,866 --> 00:30:33,233
So that's basic business

930
00:30:33,233 --> 00:30:35,833
principles.

931
00:30:35,833 --> 00:30:37,033
And once you do that

932
00:30:37,033 --> 00:30:38,666
successfully, then you can

933
00:30:38,666 --> 00:30:40,200
expand the business, as we've

934
00:30:40,200 --> 00:30:41,633
done both geographically and

935
00:30:41,633 --> 00:30:43,033
also in our new facilities that

936
00:30:43,033 --> 00:30:45,166
we build in various parts of the

937
00:30:45,166 --> 00:30:47,533
world.

938
00:30:47,533 --> 00:30:49,200
We can differentiate the company

939
00:30:49,200 --> 00:30:51,066
through the services we offer

940
00:30:51,066 --> 00:30:52,900
employees, through the products

941
00:30:52,900 --> 00:30:55,566
that we bring to the market,

942
00:30:55,566 --> 00:30:58,266
technologies we deploy.

943
00:30:58,266 --> 00:30:59,933
Operational excellence refers to

944
00:30:59,933 --> 00:31:01,366
increasing levels of quality and

945
00:31:01,366 --> 00:31:04,400
compliance.

946
00:31:04,400 --> 00:31:06,466
And then finally we reach this

947
00:31:06,466 --> 00:31:08,233
top pinnacle, and then the

948
00:31:08,233 --> 00:31:09,800
question is, what is the real

949
00:31:09,800 --> 00:31:11,100
purpose why we're doing all

950
00:31:11,100 --> 00:31:12,800
this?

951
00:31:12,800 --> 00:31:14,433
Is it just to give people jobs?

952
00:31:14,433 --> 00:31:16,066
Is it just to give return to

953
00:31:16,066 --> 00:31:17,600
shareholders?

954
00:31:17,600 --> 00:31:19,433
What is it really all about?

955
00:31:19,433 --> 00:31:21,433
Sure we get a paycheck every two

956
00:31:21,433 --> 00:31:23,400
weeks, but at the end of the

957
00:31:23,400 --> 00:31:25,800
day, what are we doing it for?

958
00:31:25,800 --> 00:31:27,300
And so we've given this a lot of

959
00:31:27,300 --> 00:31:28,666
thought, and we said wouldn't it

960
00:31:28,666 --> 00:31:30,166
be an amazing thing if we could

961
00:31:30,166 --> 00:31:32,033
take this idea of purpose, this

962
00:31:32,033 --> 00:31:34,166
idea of transformation of a

963
00:31:34,166 --> 00:31:36,466
business and overlay that with

964
00:31:36,466 --> 00:31:38,666
this idea of self-actualization

965
00:31:38,666 --> 00:31:40,766
for individuals.

966
00:31:40,766 --> 00:31:42,333
And to say that the real purpose

967
00:31:42,333 --> 00:31:44,766
of the organization is to help

968
00:31:44,766 --> 00:31:47,200
and support the ability of each

969
00:31:47,200 --> 00:31:49,600
individual to know more about

970
00:31:49,600 --> 00:31:51,166
themselves, to be able to

971
00:31:51,166 --> 00:31:52,866
self-actualize their own

972
00:31:52,866 --> 00:31:54,466
development, and that's the real

973
00:31:54,466 --> 00:31:56,300
purpose of the organization.

974
00:31:56,300 --> 00:31:58,200
And the power of that is that

975
00:31:58,200 --> 00:31:59,700
each person then working there

976
00:31:59,700 --> 00:32:01,233
realizes that the organization

977
00:32:01,233 --> 00:32:02,866
exists with them.

978
00:32:02,866 --> 00:32:05,000
It's not about a parent

979
00:32:05,000 --> 00:32:07,166
organization that just takes the

980
00:32:07,166 --> 00:32:08,900
cash out of the company.

981
00:32:08,900 --> 00:32:11,800
It's not about other purely

982
00:32:11,800 --> 00:32:15,266
financial gain or objectives,

983
00:32:15,266 --> 00:32:17,033
but it really has to do with

984
00:32:17,033 --> 00:32:18,800
themselves personally and what

985
00:32:18,800 --> 00:32:20,500
is most deep and meaningful to

986
00:32:20,500 --> 00:32:22,033
them, which is what is their

987
00:32:22,033 --> 00:32:23,533
purpose in realizing that the

988
00:32:23,533 --> 00:32:25,000
purpose of the organization is

989
00:32:25,000 --> 00:32:26,566
to help them discover that and

990
00:32:26,566 --> 00:32:28,600
to take the steps that will help

991
00:32:28,600 --> 00:32:30,000
them transform into that

992
00:32:30,000 --> 00:32:32,866
direction.

993
00:32:32,866 --> 00:32:34,466
And so there's this interesting

994
00:32:34,466 --> 00:32:36,366
purpose then that we can depict

995
00:32:36,366 --> 00:32:38,400
by kind of this little triangle

996
00:32:38,400 --> 00:32:40,300
circle.

997
00:32:40,300 --> 00:32:44,433
The value individually to the

998
00:32:44,433 --> 00:32:46,866
person, the value to the

999
00:32:46,866 --> 00:32:48,566
customers that result when

1000
00:32:48,566 --> 00:32:50,466
people are motivated and

1001
00:32:50,466 --> 00:32:52,000
energized by what they're doing

1002
00:32:52,000 --> 00:32:53,300
every day, and then what we can

1003
00:32:53,300 --> 00:32:54,700
bring to the community.

1004
00:32:54,700 --> 00:32:55,933
Many of the things that Ron

1005
00:32:55,933 --> 00:32:57,866
mentioned, our daycare center,

1006
00:32:57,866 --> 00:33:00,100
the nonprofit educational and

1007
00:33:00,100 --> 00:33:01,700
science endeavors, and many of

1008
00:33:01,700 --> 00:33:03,200
the other things that we bring

1009
00:33:03,200 --> 00:33:04,533
and support within the

1010
00:33:04,533 --> 00:33:05,666
community.

1011
00:33:05,666 --> 00:33:07,066
That community is a global

1012
00:33:07,066 --> 00:33:09,000
community.

1013
00:33:09,000 --> 00:33:10,733
So then I want to take just a

1014
00:33:10,733 --> 00:33:12,400
little bit of time now and talk

1015
00:33:12,400 --> 00:33:13,700
about when we think about the

1016
00:33:13,700 --> 00:33:16,100
future what are some

1017
00:33:16,100 --> 00:33:17,733
possibilities for where science

1018
00:33:17,733 --> 00:33:19,266
is going, what are some

1019
00:33:19,266 --> 00:33:20,666
possibilities about what we're

1020
00:33:20,666 --> 00:33:22,066
doing as a business thinking out

1021
00:33:22,066 --> 00:33:23,600
into the future.

1022
00:33:23,600 --> 00:33:24,966
And when we celebrate a hundred

1023
00:33:24,966 --> 00:33:26,900
years in the year 2078, and I

1024
00:33:26,900 --> 00:33:28,266
hope some of you are here to

1025
00:33:28,266 --> 00:33:29,633
help us celebrate, I probably

1026
00:33:29,633 --> 00:33:31,533
won't be, but what can we think

1027
00:33:31,533 --> 00:33:33,766
about or what are some of the

1028
00:33:33,766 --> 00:33:35,733
things that we can contemplate,

1029
00:33:35,733 --> 00:33:38,300
especially if we were to kind of

1030
00:33:38,300 --> 00:33:39,833
send a message out into the

1031
00:33:39,833 --> 00:33:41,400
future to the people who will be

1032
00:33:41,400 --> 00:33:43,533
talking about that 100-year

1033
00:33:43,533 --> 00:33:45,900
celebration.

1034
00:33:45,900 --> 00:33:47,666
What are some of the ideas we'd

1035
00:33:47,666 --> 00:33:49,833
like to convey to them.

1036
00:33:49,833 --> 00:33:51,333
Well, interestingly, when we try

1037
00:33:51,333 --> 00:33:52,633
to forecast the future, it's a

1038
00:33:52,633 --> 00:33:54,166
very, very difficult thing to

1039
00:33:54,166 --> 00:33:56,433
do, particularly for people who

1040
00:33:56,433 --> 00:33:58,233
are involved in technology and

1041
00:33:58,233 --> 00:34:00,000
companies that are built around

1042
00:34:00,000 --> 00:34:01,900
technology and that includes a

1043
00:34:01,900 --> 00:34:04,866
life science company.

1044
00:34:04,866 --> 00:34:08,033
In 1900 people in France

1045
00:34:08,033 --> 00:34:10,033
commissioned some artists to try

1046
00:34:10,033 --> 00:34:11,600
to imagine what the world was

1047
00:34:11,600 --> 00:34:13,033
going to look like in the year

1048
00:34:13,033 --> 00:34:14,900
2000.

1049
00:34:14,900 --> 00:34:16,900
And what you'll see are ideas or

1050
00:34:16,900 --> 00:34:20,500
problems or opportunities that

1051
00:34:20,500 --> 00:34:22,533
they had an interest in trying

1052
00:34:22,533 --> 00:34:24,700
to solve, but what makes these

1053
00:34:24,700 --> 00:34:26,800
quite funny is the fact that

1054
00:34:26,800 --> 00:34:28,700
they were using the technology

1055
00:34:28,700 --> 00:34:30,633
of 1900 to solve problems that

1056
00:34:30,633 --> 00:34:32,300
they envisioned would be there

1057
00:34:32,300 --> 00:34:34,966
in the year 2000.

1058
00:34:34,966 --> 00:34:36,366
And so let's take a look at how

1059
00:34:36,366 --> 00:34:37,600
they envisioned solving some of

1060
00:34:37,600 --> 00:34:38,866
these problems.

1061
00:34:38,866 --> 00:34:40,300
Who would have guessed that they

1062
00:34:40,300 --> 00:34:41,466
would be thinking about video

1063
00:34:41,466 --> 00:34:43,433
conferencing in the year 1900,

1064
00:34:43,433 --> 00:34:45,033
but that's what this picture is

1065
00:34:45,033 --> 00:34:46,366
depicting.

1066
00:34:46,366 --> 00:34:47,500
Someone talking into a

1067
00:34:47,500 --> 00:34:49,333
microphone and some strange

1068
00:34:49,333 --> 00:34:51,533
device that's broadcasting a

1069
00:34:51,533 --> 00:34:53,033
picture and there's this woman

1070
00:34:53,033 --> 00:34:54,700
talking back to the guy.

1071
00:34:54,700 --> 00:34:58,100
It's not clear how she sees him.

1072
00:34:58,100 --> 00:35:00,600
But here you see the technology

1073
00:35:00,600 --> 00:35:02,266
existing in the year 1900 trying

1074
00:35:02,266 --> 00:35:03,933
to solve this interesting

1075
00:35:03,933 --> 00:35:06,066
problem of video conferencing.

1076
00:35:06,066 --> 00:35:07,400
And of course, if you're going

1077
00:35:07,400 --> 00:35:08,700
to get news every day, you sit

1078
00:35:08,700 --> 00:35:11,033
back, light a cigarette, and

1079
00:35:11,033 --> 00:35:13,833
you've been delivered, maybe

1080
00:35:13,833 --> 00:35:17,266
it's a home delivery, a little

1081
00:35:17,266 --> 00:35:18,900
cylinder and you put it on your

1082
00:35:18,900 --> 00:35:20,300
gramophone and you play the news

1083
00:35:20,300 --> 00:35:21,566
of the day.

1084
00:35:21,566 --> 00:35:22,633
So that's how you're going to

1085
00:35:22,633 --> 00:35:24,900
get the news.

1086
00:35:24,900 --> 00:35:27,033
And transportation, you want to

1087
00:35:27,033 --> 00:35:28,533
get quickly from point A to

1088
00:35:28,533 --> 00:35:29,733
point B.

1089
00:35:29,733 --> 00:35:31,033
Well, all you need to do is

1090
00:35:31,033 --> 00:35:32,700
train a whale, attach some kind

1091
00:35:32,700 --> 00:35:34,166
of an interesting submarine to

1092
00:35:34,166 --> 00:35:36,033
it, and you have that guy on top

1093
00:35:36,033 --> 00:35:37,733
who's kind of steering the whale

1094
00:35:37,733 --> 00:35:39,033
and the guy in back with this

1095
00:35:39,033 --> 00:35:40,633
rudder, and that's how you're

1096
00:35:40,633 --> 00:35:42,000
going to get to your next

1097
00:35:42,000 --> 00:35:44,566
vacation in the Caribbean.

1098
00:35:44,566 --> 00:35:46,866
Now remember that at that time,

1099
00:35:46,866 --> 00:35:49,266
lighter than air travel was just

1100
00:35:49,266 --> 00:35:51,866
travel in the air.

1101
00:35:51,866 --> 00:35:53,933
Any kind of way to travel in the

1102
00:35:53,933 --> 00:35:56,833
air is an imagination.

1103
00:35:56,833 --> 00:35:59,400
People were coming up with all

1104
00:35:59,400 --> 00:36:01,100
kinds of inventions, but that

1105
00:36:01,100 --> 00:36:04,500
problem had not been solved.

1106
00:36:04,500 --> 00:36:06,600
But they envisioned that if you

1107
00:36:06,600 --> 00:36:08,133
want to be putting out a fire in

1108
00:36:08,133 --> 00:36:09,800
a highrise, then you just strap

1109
00:36:09,800 --> 00:36:11,900
on your wings and there you go.

1110
00:36:11,900 --> 00:36:13,666
You can even rescue the mom with

1111
00:36:13,666 --> 00:36:15,366
the little baby up on the 50th

1112
00:36:15,366 --> 00:36:18,266
floor of the highrise.

1113
00:36:18,266 --> 00:36:20,500
And high speed rail.

1114
00:36:20,500 --> 00:36:23,033
We still envision that today.

1115
00:36:23,033 --> 00:36:24,533
It just looks a little bit

1116
00:36:24,533 --> 00:36:26,266
different.

1117
00:36:26,266 --> 00:36:27,933
So, again, trying to apply

1118
00:36:27,933 --> 00:36:29,633
today's technologies to what we

1119
00:36:29,633 --> 00:36:31,500
envision the world is going to

1120
00:36:31,500 --> 00:36:33,133
look in the year 2078 is an

1121
00:36:33,133 --> 00:36:34,700
extraordinarily difficult thing

1122
00:36:34,700 --> 00:36:36,233
to do.

1123
00:36:36,233 --> 00:36:38,066
I imagine that probably

1124
00:36:38,066 --> 00:36:39,700
two-thirds of the people here

1125
00:36:39,700 --> 00:36:41,566
have iPhones, iPads.

1126
00:36:41,566 --> 00:36:43,166
None of those devices existed

1127
00:36:43,166 --> 00:36:45,500
12 years ago, 10 years ago,

1128
00:36:45,500 --> 00:36:46,766
15 years ago.

1129
00:36:46,766 --> 00:36:48,300
So our life has been transformed

1130
00:36:48,300 --> 00:36:49,966
in a very short amount of time

1131
00:36:49,966 --> 00:36:51,633
by inventions that now we think

1132
00:36:51,633 --> 00:36:54,566
are almost indispensable.

1133
00:36:54,566 --> 00:36:56,566
Just imagine what that's going

1134
00:36:56,566 --> 00:36:58,500
to be like in another 65 years.

1135
00:36:58,500 --> 00:37:00,833
It's very hard to imagine.

1136
00:37:00,833 --> 00:37:02,333
But the problems or the

1137
00:37:02,333 --> 00:37:04,366
opportunities or the things that

1138
00:37:04,366 --> 00:37:06,200
we can say are basic to what we

1139
00:37:06,200 --> 00:37:08,700
want to solve, medical problems,

1140
00:37:08,700 --> 00:37:11,866
labor saving, transportation,

1141
00:37:11,866 --> 00:37:13,566
communication, those are the

1142
00:37:13,566 --> 00:37:15,200
things that we'll still be

1143
00:37:15,200 --> 00:37:16,633
trying to solve but using

1144
00:37:16,633 --> 00:37:19,233
different technological means.

1145
00:37:19,233 --> 00:37:21,066
Then getting back to really a

1146
00:37:21,066 --> 00:37:23,066
topic I think that is common to

1147
00:37:23,066 --> 00:37:25,233
just about everybody here, it's

1148
00:37:25,233 --> 00:37:27,066
neuroscience.

1149
00:37:27,066 --> 00:37:30,033
And the biology, the chemistry

1150
00:37:30,033 --> 00:37:32,000
of the brain, the study of what

1151
00:37:32,000 --> 00:37:34,166
is the meaning of mind, what is

1152
00:37:34,166 --> 00:37:36,033
consciousness, and how does this

1153
00:37:36,033 --> 00:37:38,333
affect our health, our healing,

1154
00:37:38,333 --> 00:37:39,666
and in general our capabilities.

1155
00:37:39,666 --> 00:37:41,200
And I think this is probably the

1156
00:37:41,200 --> 00:37:43,366
greatest frontier ahead of us in

1157
00:37:43,366 --> 00:37:45,033
life science, in our

1158
00:37:45,033 --> 00:37:47,600
communities, and in society.

1159
00:37:47,600 --> 00:37:49,033
And so as I think about the

1160
00:37:49,033 --> 00:37:50,333
future, this is kind of what

1161
00:37:50,333 --> 00:37:53,066
I envision is going to be

1162
00:37:53,066 --> 00:37:58,200
consuming much of our research

1163
00:37:58,200 --> 00:38:00,200
in the future.

1164
00:38:05,866 --> 00:38:07,733
We know we have about roughly

1165
00:38:07,733 --> 00:38:09,800
100 billion neurons, and these

1166
00:38:09,800 --> 00:38:11,700
all together create about 100

1167
00:38:11,700 --> 00:38:14,233
trillion neuronal connections.

1168
00:38:14,233 --> 00:38:16,300
There was an interesting article

1169
00:38:16,300 --> 00:38:17,900
that just came out in Scientific

1170
00:38:17,900 --> 00:38:19,800
American about the brain, and

1171
00:38:19,800 --> 00:38:21,633
just fascinating imaging of what

1172
00:38:21,633 --> 00:38:23,833
they're now able to pick up and

1173
00:38:23,833 --> 00:38:25,933
the communication pathways that

1174
00:38:25,933 --> 00:38:27,500
are just extraordinarily

1175
00:38:27,500 --> 00:38:29,066
intricate.

1176
00:38:29,066 --> 00:38:30,600
We have yet to develop the tools

1177
00:38:30,600 --> 00:38:32,200
to understand what's really

1178
00:38:32,200 --> 00:38:34,200
happening, and we still have not

1179
00:38:34,200 --> 00:38:36,200
a clue as to how we can take an

1180
00:38:36,200 --> 00:38:38,433
idea and hold that idea or take

1181
00:38:38,433 --> 00:38:40,266
that idea and say a few words

1182
00:38:40,266 --> 00:38:41,900
and try to communicate what that

1183
00:38:41,900 --> 00:38:43,500
idea means.

1184
00:38:43,500 --> 00:38:44,800
How does all that happen?

1185
00:38:44,800 --> 00:38:47,466
It's still very much a mystery.

1186
00:38:51,100 --> 00:38:52,933
So, most of you have studied

1187
00:38:52,933 --> 00:38:54,300
some of these pathways, so when

1188
00:38:54,300 --> 00:38:56,833
we think of some of the things

1189
00:38:56,833 --> 00:38:58,300
that are exhibited in our minds,

1190
00:38:58,300 --> 00:39:00,200
exhibited in the brain, we have

1191
00:39:00,200 --> 00:39:02,100
all these various receptors and

1192
00:39:02,100 --> 00:39:03,966
various systems that all

1193
00:39:03,966 --> 00:39:05,800
together result in behavior,

1194
00:39:05,800 --> 00:39:06,833
human behavior.

1195
00:39:06,833 --> 00:39:10,233
And just taking a simple outcome

1196
00:39:10,233 --> 00:39:12,800
of some of these very complex

1197
00:39:12,800 --> 00:39:14,700
behaviors that are exhibited

1198
00:39:14,700 --> 00:39:16,300
through how we think and how our

1199
00:39:16,300 --> 00:39:19,966
brain works, just taking one

1200
00:39:19,966 --> 00:39:21,900
example which would be, let's

1201
00:39:21,900 --> 00:39:23,933
say, stress.

1202
00:39:23,933 --> 00:39:25,633
And all the things that are

1203
00:39:25,633 --> 00:39:27,533
affected in our human systems as

1204
00:39:27,533 --> 00:39:29,133
a result of stress that can

1205
00:39:29,133 --> 00:39:31,600
occur to us in anything, through

1206
00:39:31,600 --> 00:39:33,233
the environment, through our

1207
00:39:33,233 --> 00:39:35,300
work, through relationships.

1208
00:39:35,300 --> 00:39:38,433
And there's a list of two pages

1209
00:39:38,433 --> 00:39:40,000
of all the things that can

1210
00:39:40,000 --> 00:39:41,933
result in terms of symptoms of

1211
00:39:41,933 --> 00:39:43,633
the body and of the mind as a

1212
00:39:43,633 --> 00:39:45,466
result of that chest pain,

1213
00:39:45,466 --> 00:39:47,800
fatigue, stomach upsets, sleep

1214
00:39:47,800 --> 00:39:49,566
problems, anxiety, restlessness.

1215
00:39:49,566 --> 00:39:50,866
It's just a very, very long

1216
00:39:50,866 --> 00:39:52,600
list.

1217
00:39:52,600 --> 00:39:54,900
And yet, interestingly, stress

1218
00:39:54,900 --> 00:39:57,533
is not necessarily solved by

1219
00:39:57,533 --> 00:40:00,033
addressing the symptoms.

1220
00:40:00,033 --> 00:40:01,966
It's solved by how we think

1221
00:40:01,966 --> 00:40:04,533
about and how we react to what

1222
00:40:04,533 --> 00:40:06,433
comes into our lives.

1223
00:40:06,433 --> 00:40:08,366
And it's really that study of

1224
00:40:08,366 --> 00:40:10,500
consciousness and the study of

1225
00:40:10,500 --> 00:40:13,733
how we interpret the things that

1226
00:40:13,733 --> 00:40:16,233
are coming in, and that

1227
00:40:16,233 --> 00:40:17,866
interesting interpretation of

1228
00:40:17,866 --> 00:40:19,566
reality that can result in

1229
00:40:19,566 --> 00:40:21,466
changes in our state and give us

1230
00:40:21,466 --> 00:40:23,366
better health outcomes the more

1231
00:40:23,366 --> 00:40:25,500
we begin to recognize these

1232
00:40:25,500 --> 00:40:27,066
intricate connections between

1233
00:40:27,066 --> 00:40:29,066
how we're thinking, how we

1234
00:40:29,066 --> 00:40:30,733
respond to our environment, and

1235
00:40:30,733 --> 00:40:33,333
then how that affects us

1236
00:40:33,333 --> 00:40:35,100
throughout our day and

1237
00:40:35,100 --> 00:40:36,533
throughout every part of our

1238
00:40:36,533 --> 00:40:41,433
body.

1239
00:40:41,433 --> 00:40:43,200
And, finally, I just want to say

1240
00:40:43,200 --> 00:40:45,700
that because I view the frontier

1241
00:40:45,700 --> 00:40:47,966
of the mind, the frontier of the

1242
00:40:47,966 --> 00:40:49,700
brain, as being one of the

1243
00:40:49,700 --> 00:40:51,466
largest challenges in life

1244
00:40:51,466 --> 00:40:53,233
science, I also think that the

1245
00:40:53,233 --> 00:40:54,700
more we learn about that, the

1246
00:40:54,700 --> 00:40:56,100
more the possibilities are for

1247
00:40:56,100 --> 00:40:57,733
how we can change our view of

1248
00:40:57,733 --> 00:40:59,800
our society, change our view of

1249
00:40:59,800 --> 00:41:01,800
our relationship to the world.

1250
00:41:01,800 --> 00:41:03,666
I kind of like this picture

1251
00:41:03,666 --> 00:41:05,366
because it shows the infinite

1252
00:41:05,366 --> 00:41:06,866
possibilities that exist in the

1253
00:41:06,866 --> 00:41:08,966
human mind.

1254
00:41:08,966 --> 00:41:10,800
I think we're starting to unlock

1255
00:41:10,800 --> 00:41:12,466
some of the potential within the

1256
00:41:12,466 --> 00:41:14,166
mind.

1257
00:41:14,166 --> 00:41:15,600
The Doors of Perception was a

1258
00:41:15,600 --> 00:41:17,066
book written by Aldous Huxley

1259
00:41:17,066 --> 00:41:19,033
many years ago.

1260
00:41:19,033 --> 00:41:20,633
And it just begins to suggest

1261
00:41:20,633 --> 00:41:22,633
that there is incredible

1262
00:41:22,633 --> 00:41:24,433
possibility, almost infinite

1263
00:41:24,433 --> 00:41:26,400
possibility that is still in a

1264
00:41:26,400 --> 00:41:27,866
way locked up because we don't

1265
00:41:27,866 --> 00:41:29,200
understand much of how the brain

1266
00:41:29,200 --> 00:41:31,433
works.

1267
00:41:31,433 --> 00:41:33,066
But our community practices and

1268
00:41:33,066 --> 00:41:35,333
our system of values as we have

1269
00:41:35,333 --> 00:41:36,866
them today are just not

1270
00:41:36,866 --> 00:41:38,833
sustainable for the planet.

1271
00:41:38,833 --> 00:41:40,633
And we all inherently know that,

1272
00:41:40,633 --> 00:41:42,666
that the way that we practice

1273
00:41:42,666 --> 00:41:44,466
our values, our consumptive

1274
00:41:44,466 --> 00:41:46,733
philosophies as far as how we

1275
00:41:46,733 --> 00:41:49,900
accumulate things.

1276
00:41:49,900 --> 00:41:53,066
If we look at the finite

1277
00:41:53,066 --> 00:41:55,033
resources on the planet, we have

1278
00:41:55,033 --> 00:41:56,500
to change how we view this

1279
00:41:56,500 --> 00:41:57,833
relationship that we have in our

1280
00:41:57,833 --> 00:41:59,366
communities and ourselves to the

1281
00:41:59,366 --> 00:42:02,533
planet itself.

1282
00:42:02,533 --> 00:42:04,433
An ancient African proverb says

1283
00:42:04,433 --> 00:42:06,666
that we have borrowed the future

1284
00:42:06,666 --> 00:42:08,700
from our children instead of

1285
00:42:08,700 --> 00:42:11,200
inheriting it from our

1286
00:42:11,200 --> 00:42:13,200
ancestors.

1287
00:42:13,200 --> 00:42:14,600
And, again, that's this shift in

1288
00:42:14,600 --> 00:42:16,633
perception.

1289
00:42:16,633 --> 00:42:18,333
How we view the planet, how we

1290
00:42:18,333 --> 00:42:20,033
view our relationship within our

1291
00:42:20,033 --> 00:42:22,600
communities.

1292
00:42:22,600 --> 00:42:24,466
And what will the people of a

1293
00:42:24,466 --> 00:42:26,100
hundred years from now think

1294
00:42:26,100 --> 00:42:27,700
about our stewardship and how we

1295
00:42:27,700 --> 00:42:29,100
viewed the planet and its

1296
00:42:29,100 --> 00:42:30,600
resources?

1297
00:42:30,600 --> 00:42:32,066
And how will they judge our

1298
00:42:32,066 --> 00:42:33,800
wisdom as we make decisions,

1299
00:42:33,800 --> 00:42:35,100
both individually and

1300
00:42:35,100 --> 00:42:37,400
collectively every day?

1301
00:42:37,400 --> 00:42:38,766
So we know that sustainable

1302
00:42:38,766 --> 00:42:40,133
solutions to problems arise from

1303
00:42:40,133 --> 00:42:41,666
perspectives that lie outside

1304
00:42:41,666 --> 00:42:43,700
the dimensions from which the

1305
00:42:43,700 --> 00:42:45,133
problem arose.

1306
00:42:45,133 --> 00:42:46,633
That was one of Einstein's

1307
00:42:46,633 --> 00:42:47,966
favorite sayings.

1308
00:42:47,966 --> 00:42:49,600
You can't solve a problem in

1309
00:42:49,600 --> 00:42:51,100
looking at it from the same

1310
00:42:51,100 --> 00:42:52,500
plane, from the same dimension

1311
00:42:52,500 --> 00:42:53,800
that the problem arose.

1312
00:42:53,800 --> 00:42:55,300
You have to look at it from a

1313
00:42:55,300 --> 00:42:56,566
different perspective, and we

1314
00:42:56,566 --> 00:42:58,266
have to learn how to create

1315
00:42:58,266 --> 00:42:59,833
these different perspectives,

1316
00:42:59,833 --> 00:43:03,933
how to see things differently.

1317
00:43:03,933 --> 00:43:05,700
And I kind of like this because

1318
00:43:05,700 --> 00:43:08,733
gateways suggest a transition

1319
00:43:08,733 --> 00:43:11,066
from one perspective to another

1320
00:43:11,066 --> 00:43:13,033
perspective.

1321
00:43:13,033 --> 00:43:14,733
And that's our challenge and

1322
00:43:14,733 --> 00:43:16,200
that's what we need to do.

1323
00:43:16,200 --> 00:43:17,700
Every aspect of learning and

1324
00:43:17,700 --> 00:43:19,266
every aspect of how we conduct

1325
00:43:19,266 --> 00:43:20,900
business, particularly in our

1326
00:43:20,900 --> 00:43:23,766
aspects of how we interact with

1327
00:43:23,766 --> 00:43:25,200
one another and how we interact

1328
00:43:25,200 --> 00:43:27,800
with every creature and every

1329
00:43:27,800 --> 00:43:29,366
living thing on the planet and

1330
00:43:29,366 --> 00:43:30,600
the natural resources on the

1331
00:43:30,600 --> 00:43:31,966
planet.

1332
00:43:31,966 --> 00:43:33,533
We have to learn how to bridge

1333
00:43:33,533 --> 00:43:35,166
the gulf between our thinking

1334
00:43:35,166 --> 00:43:36,766
and our beliefs and the wisdom

1335
00:43:36,766 --> 00:43:38,333
that is inherent in nature every

1336
00:43:38,333 --> 00:43:40,733
where we look.

1337
00:43:40,733 --> 00:43:42,233
It's just opening eyes.

1338
00:43:42,233 --> 00:43:44,366
It's seeing things in a new way.

1339
00:43:44,366 --> 00:43:45,966
And I think there can be a new

1340
00:43:45,966 --> 00:43:48,566
partnership between humans on

1341
00:43:48,566 --> 00:43:50,633
the planet and every element of

1342
00:43:50,633 --> 00:43:52,733
nature.

1343
00:43:52,733 --> 00:43:54,066
I think it's time that we open

1344
00:43:54,066 --> 00:43:55,033
some of these doors, that we go

1345
00:43:55,033 --> 00:43:56,566
through the gateway and look for

1346
00:43:56,566 --> 00:43:58,100
the answers that really are all

1347
00:43:58,100 --> 00:43:59,266
around us.

1348
00:43:59,266 --> 00:44:00,666
They are here.

1349
00:44:00,666 --> 00:44:01,733
The answers are here, and we

1350
00:44:01,733 --> 00:44:02,666
just have to see things in a

1351
00:44:02,666 --> 00:44:03,633
different way to be able to see

1352
00:44:03,633 --> 00:44:06,333
these answers.

1353
00:44:06,333 --> 00:44:07,533
As the gifted and autistic

1354
00:44:07,533 --> 00:44:10,500
Temple Grandin observed, this is

1355
00:44:10,500 --> 00:44:12,466
another doorway and we're all

1356
00:44:12,466 --> 00:44:14,133
standing at that threshold, and

1357
00:44:14,133 --> 00:44:15,766
I'm going to suggest this is now

1358
00:44:15,766 --> 00:44:17,266
the time to walk through

1359
00:44:17,266 --> 00:44:18,766
and see things through new eyes.

1360
00:44:18,766 --> 00:44:20,566
Thank you very much.

1361
00:44:20,566 --> 00:44:22,566
[APPLAUSE]