WEBVTT 00:02.733 --> 00:05.200 align:left position:12.5%,start line:5% size:77.5% - Thank you so much for coming here to Centro tonight. 00:05.300 --> 00:08.066 align:left position:17.5%,start line:5% size:72.5% I see a lot of new faces, which is really refreshing 00:08.166 --> 00:13.400 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% because as an agency that's been in this community for 33 years, 00:13.500 --> 00:16.700 align:left position:27.5%,start line:5% size:62.5% we strive to create community here. 00:16.800 --> 00:18.566 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% I've been at Centro for about three years, 00:18.666 --> 00:19.966 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% and there have been significant changes 00:20.066 --> 00:23.666 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% in the way our Latino families and our neighbors have grown 00:23.766 --> 00:25.866 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% and established themselves here. 00:25.966 --> 00:28.400 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% But our task is still very much the same. 00:28.500 --> 00:32.000 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% We continue to focus on programs that strengthen youth, 00:32.100 --> 00:34.233 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% strengthen adults, and strengthen neighborhoods 00:34.333 --> 00:36.233 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% because our job is yet to be finished. 00:36.333 --> 00:37.533 align:left position:37.5%,start line:89% size:52.5% And I think 00:37.633 --> 00:40.366 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% a lot of rhetoric that you hear out there points to that. 00:40.466 --> 00:42.300 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% That there's a need to strengthen our families 00:42.400 --> 00:43.633 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% and to have events like this 00:43.733 --> 00:46.500 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% where we bring this conversation to those in the community 00:46.600 --> 00:49.100 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% that perhaps don't know enough about us. 00:49.200 --> 00:52.033 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% So, tonight, I'm very proud that we have here 00:52.133 --> 00:54.033 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% such a wonderful voice in Reyna. 00:54.133 --> 00:57.733 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% She's such a wonderful voice in our Latino community, 00:57.833 --> 01:00.333 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% and we get to share her with you 01:00.433 --> 01:01.933 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% so that you become even more familiar 01:02.033 --> 01:05.100 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% with the complex dreams of our families in Wisconsin 01:05.200 --> 01:07.566 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% and the families that we serve here in Centro. 01:07.666 --> 01:09.166 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% And they're complex because 01:09.266 --> 01:12.566 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% they are the dreams of fathers, of mothers, of children, 01:12.666 --> 01:16.433 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% intertwined with challenges, life passages, and so on. 01:16.533 --> 01:18.600 align:left position:35%,start line:89% size:55% So, you know, 01:18.700 --> 01:22.500 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% I heard Reyna speak at the Madison Public Library. 01:22.600 --> 01:23.866 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% I guess it was last winter. 01:23.966 --> 01:26.300 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% It was really, really cold. [laughter] 01:26.400 --> 01:27.966 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% Araceli Esparza, who's here, 01:28.066 --> 01:30.400 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% who's a beautiful artist in this community, 01:30.500 --> 01:33.966 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% invited me to come and introduced me to Reyna. 01:34.066 --> 01:35.500 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% And what I felt in that 01:35.600 --> 01:38.433 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% reading is that I had a connection to her and her story. 01:38.533 --> 01:41.366 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% And no matter how cold it was, I felt like I was at home. 01:41.466 --> 01:43.033 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% And I think that's what her book does 01:43.133 --> 01:44.366 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% to so many in our community. 01:44.466 --> 01:48.866 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% So, Reyna Grande, as you may have read on her website, 01:48.966 --> 01:51.800 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% is an award winning novelist and memoirist. 01:51.900 --> 01:54.700 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% She has received an American Book Award, 01:54.800 --> 01:56.700 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% the El Premio Aztlán Literary Award, 01:56.800 --> 01:59.466 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% and the International Latino Book Award. 01:59.566 --> 02:01.566 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% In 2012, she was a finalist 02:01.666 --> 02:04.966 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% for the prestigious National Book Critics Circle Awards, 02:05.066 --> 02:09.700 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% and in 2015, she was honored with a Luis Leal Award 02:09.800 --> 02:12.833 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% for Distinction in Chicano/Latino Literature. 02:12.933 --> 02:15.300 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% Her novels, "Across a Hundred Mountains," 02:15.400 --> 02:17.000 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% and "Dancing with Butterflies," 02:17.100 --> 02:18.566 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% were published to critical acclaim. 02:18.666 --> 02:22.800 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Now, "The Distance Between Us," her latest memoir, 02:22.900 --> 02:24.066 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% reflects on her life 02:24.166 --> 02:28.033 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% before and after immigrating from Mexico to the US. 02:28.133 --> 02:29.966 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% Before we go on and welcome Reyna, 02:30.066 --> 02:32.200 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% I also want to thank our sponsors for tonight, 02:32.300 --> 02:34.966 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% without whom we wouldn't be able to do this. 02:35.066 --> 02:37.566 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% Wisconsin Public Television, our presenting sponsor, 02:37.666 --> 02:39.066 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% they're taping the event tonight. 02:39.166 --> 02:41.133 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% The University of Wisconsin- Madison 02:41.233 --> 02:44.066 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% Latin American, Caribbean, and Iberian Studies program, 02:44.166 --> 02:46.900 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% the International Division of the University, 02:47.000 --> 02:49.566 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% the Collaborative for Education Research 02:49.666 --> 02:51.400 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% at University of Wisconsin- Madison, 02:51.500 --> 02:53.400 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% otherwise known as "The Network," 02:53.500 --> 02:55.200 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% Grzeca Law Group Inc., 02:55.300 --> 02:57.733 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% Madison Magazine,  the Cap Times, 02:57.833 --> 03:01.200 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% the Madison Reading Project, andBravaMagazine. 03:01.300 --> 03:04.866 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And lastly, I also want to thank Food Fight Restaurant Group 03:04.966 --> 03:06.300 align:left position:12.5%,start line:89% size:77.5% for donating the food tonight. 03:06.400 --> 03:08.266 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% If you hadn't had a chance to taste it, 03:08.366 --> 03:11.933 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% go ahead and go to the back, after the reading and Q&A, 03:12.033 --> 03:14.466 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% to have a little more. 03:14.566 --> 03:17.966 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% But without any further delay, I want to welcome Reyna Grande 03:18.066 --> 03:20.866 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% and give her a big, warm welcome from Madison again. 03:20.966 --> 03:23.966 align:left position:37.5%,start line:89% size:52.5% [applause] 03:34.033 --> 03:37.366 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% - If you don't speak Spanish, let me tell you that 03:37.466 --> 03:40.466 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% the name Reyna Grande means "Big Queen." 03:40.566 --> 03:41.966 align:left position:37.5%,start line:89% size:52.5% [laughter] 03:42.066 --> 03:44.366 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% It's a very hard name to live with 03:44.466 --> 03:46.833 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% when you're only five feet tall, let me tell you. 03:46.933 --> 03:48.000 align:left position:37.5%,start line:89% size:52.5% [laughter] 03:48.100 --> 03:51.533 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% I don't know what my mother was thinking, 03:51.633 --> 03:55.300 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% but I do have an aunt whose name is Empress Grande. 03:55.400 --> 03:57.366 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% The "Big Empress." [laughter] 03:57.466 --> 03:58.433 align:left position:27.5%,start line:89% size:62.5% Emperatriz Grande. 03:58.533 --> 04:00.133 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% So, yeah, I think the Grandes 04:00.233 --> 04:02.133 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% are obsessed with royalty or something. 04:02.233 --> 04:04.333 align:left position:35%,start line:83% size:55% I don't know. [laughter] 04:04.433 --> 04:08.933 align:left position:17.5%,start line:5% size:72.5% So I am very, very, very honored to be here tonight. 04:09.033 --> 04:12.233 align:left position:17.5%,start line:5% size:72.5% I think one question you might be wondering is, 04:12.333 --> 04:15.200 align:left position:25%,start line:5% size:65% how often do I come to Wisconsin? 04:15.300 --> 04:17.300 align:left position:22.5%,start line:5% size:67.5% And I have to tell you that I've been coming 04:17.400 --> 04:19.400 align:left position:22.5%,start line:5% size:67.5% for the past 12 years. 04:19.500 --> 04:21.100 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% My husband is from Wisconsin. 04:21.200 --> 04:22.433 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% He was born in Racine. 04:22.533 --> 04:26.366 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% And I think he was made in Madison because 04:26.466 --> 04:30.533 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% this is where my father-in-law and mother-in-law met, 04:30.633 --> 04:32.900 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% here at the university. [laughter] 04:33.000 --> 04:35.000 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% And they lived here for a while, 04:35.100 --> 04:38.966 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and then my husband was born in Racine, not too long afterward. 04:39.066 --> 04:40.933 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% So he has family. 04:41.033 --> 04:46.466 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Grandma lives in Cambridge, which is not too far from here. 04:46.566 --> 04:48.533 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% And then the rest of the family 04:48.633 --> 04:52.466 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% lives in the woods in Manitowish Waters, 04:52.566 --> 04:55.966 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% which is actually one of my favorite places in the world now 04:56.066 --> 04:58.300 align:left position:12.5%,start line:89% size:77.5% because it's really beautiful. 04:58.400 --> 05:01.833 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% So, I feel very much at home here in Wisconsin 05:01.933 --> 05:04.000 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% since I've been coming for 12 years. 05:04.100 --> 05:06.500 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% I do enjoy the summers a lot more than the winters, 05:06.600 --> 05:09.300 align:left position:32.5%,start line:89% size:57.5% I have to say. 05:09.400 --> 05:10.600 align:left position:37.5%,start line:89% size:52.5% [laughter] 05:10.700 --> 05:13.466 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% But it's always a wonderful place to come and visit, 05:13.566 --> 05:17.833 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% and I always feel very, very welcomed when I come here. 05:17.933 --> 05:23.166 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% So, I want to thank Karen and Centro Hispano for inviting me 05:23.266 --> 05:29.066 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% to be here tonight to share my story with you. 05:29.166 --> 05:34.900 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% I say that as an immigrant and also as a writer, 05:35.000 --> 05:39.366 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% it is such a privilege to be asked to share my story 05:39.466 --> 05:42.466 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% and to feel that my voice is being heard 05:42.566 --> 05:46.266 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% because immigrants struggle to have our voices heard, 05:46.366 --> 05:49.633 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% and writers also struggle to have our voices heard. 05:49.733 --> 05:52.666 align:left position:30%,start line:83% size:60% So it is such an honor to be here. 05:52.766 --> 05:57.366 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% I want to thank Karen and Centro Hispano and also our sponsors 05:57.466 --> 06:00.033 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% because they're the ones who make this event possible. 06:00.133 --> 06:03.633 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And also thank you for being here tonight because without you 06:03.733 --> 06:05.200 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% it wouldn't be an event. 06:05.300 --> 06:07.833 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% So, thank you so much. 06:07.933 --> 06:11.200 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% Ultimately, my dream for all of us 06:11.300 --> 06:14.900 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% is for our voices to be heard 06:15.000 --> 06:18.400 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% and to feel that our stories matter. 06:18.500 --> 06:23.000 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% So, tonight's event is called "An Evening of Dreaming," and 06:23.100 --> 06:26.833 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% I want to thank you, too, for coming here to celebrate dreams, 06:26.933 --> 06:29.900 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% especially the immigrant dream. 06:30.000 --> 06:32.400 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% So you might know this already, 06:32.500 --> 06:35.566 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% but immigrants are the biggest dreamers. 06:35.666 --> 06:39.366 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% And it takes a lot of faith to hold on 06:39.466 --> 06:41.200 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% and to believe in a dream. 06:41.300 --> 06:44.833 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% It takes a lot of tenacity and perseverance 06:44.933 --> 06:48.800 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% and something that, in Spanish, is calledganas. 06:48.900 --> 06:53.633 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% Ganas: to turn a dream into a reality. 06:53.733 --> 06:56.466 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% So, tonight, I'm going to be talking to you about 06:56.566 --> 06:59.633 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% my latest book, which is "The Distance Between Us," 06:59.733 --> 07:01.800 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% and the book came out a few years ago 07:01.900 --> 07:06.333 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% and it has gone on to have a really wonderful journey. 07:06.433 --> 07:09.166 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Many universities across the country 07:09.266 --> 07:11.433 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% have chosen "The Distance Between Us" 07:11.533 --> 07:14.400 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% for their freshman read or for their common read. 07:14.500 --> 07:19.166 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Communities across the US have picked the book 07:19.266 --> 07:21.833 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% for their One Book, One Community. 07:21.933 --> 07:25.100 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% A few years ago, the state of Maryland chose 07:25.200 --> 07:26.500 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% "The Distance Between Us" 07:26.600 --> 07:28.700 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% for their One Book, One Maryland, 07:28.800 --> 07:31.900 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and that was such a fantastic thing for a whole state, right, 07:32.000 --> 07:33.333 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% to pick my book. 07:33.433 --> 07:37.133 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% And, granted, Maryland is a little state. 07:37.233 --> 07:38.133 align:left position:37.5%,start line:89% size:52.5% [laughter] 07:38.233 --> 07:39.800 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% But it's still kind of cool to say 07:39.900 --> 07:42.366 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% that a state was reading my book. 07:42.466 --> 07:43.600 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% So, yeah. 07:43.700 --> 07:47.233 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% So now "The Distance Between Us" 07:47.333 --> 07:50.966 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% is getting republished for young readers. 07:51.066 --> 07:55.333 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% I did write the book for an adult audience. 07:55.433 --> 07:58.300 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% And this September, the book is being reissued 07:58.400 --> 08:02.700 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% by Simon & Schuster's children's division, Aladdin, 08:02.800 --> 08:04.033 align:left position:27.5%,start line:89% size:62.5% for young readers. 08:04.133 --> 08:08.533 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% So it's going to be available for 10- to 14-year-olds. 08:08.633 --> 08:12.700 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% So that, to me, has been a really wonderful experience 08:12.800 --> 08:17.566 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% because I really think it's important for our young people 08:17.666 --> 08:20.100 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% to have a mirror in which they could see themselves. 08:20.200 --> 08:24.433 align:left position:30%,start line:83% size:60% And I struggled as an immigrant-- 08:24.533 --> 08:26.566 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% As a child immigrant, 08:26.666 --> 08:30.400 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% I always struggled to find books that I could relate to. 08:30.500 --> 08:35.433 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And a lot of the books that I read when I was learning English 08:35.533 --> 08:36.800 align:left position:32.5%,start line:89% size:57.5% were books like 08:36.900 --> 08:40.133 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% "Sweet Valley High" and "The Babysitter's Club." 08:40.233 --> 08:41.266 align:left position:37.5%,start line:89% size:52.5% [laughter] 08:41.366 --> 08:43.500 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And, you know, there were no Latino characters 08:43.600 --> 08:45.866 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% in those books, and it was really hard for me. 08:45.966 --> 08:49.133 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% And I always asked myself, where am I? 08:49.233 --> 08:50.633 align:left position:32.5%,start line:89% size:57.5% Do I not exist? 08:50.733 --> 08:53.366 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% Because I couldn't see myself in those books. 08:53.466 --> 08:54.600 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% So that's why, for me, like 08:54.700 --> 08:58.366 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% it's really special to be able to have this book 08:58.466 --> 09:02.533 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% and to offer it as a mirror for our Latino youth. 09:02.633 --> 09:05.566 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% And then, for our non-immigrant youth, 09:05.666 --> 09:08.233 align:left position:12.5%,start line:89% size:77.5% to be able to share this story 09:08.333 --> 09:12.466 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% so that they can understand, you know, their peers, 09:12.566 --> 09:15.233 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% the other students that they go to school with. 09:15.333 --> 09:17.500 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% And I'm really hoping that, you know, 09:17.600 --> 09:22.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% this will help to remind our young people 09:22.200 --> 09:24.666 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% where they come from 09:24.766 --> 09:27.166 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% and to recognize, you know, as Joe mentioned earlier, 09:27.266 --> 09:29.166 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% that this is a nation of immigrants 09:29.266 --> 09:31.100 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% and we did come from somewhere. 09:31.200 --> 09:35.466 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% So this is what I'm going to be speaking to you about, 09:35.566 --> 09:37.900 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% is about "The Distance Between Us." 09:38.000 --> 09:40.833 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% And in the book, I write about dreams. 09:40.933 --> 09:42.700 align:left position:12.5%,start line:89% size:77.5% That is the theme of the book. 09:42.800 --> 09:47.866 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And there's a quote that I start the book with that says: 09:47.966 --> 09:51.100 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% "Nothing happens unless first we dream." 09:51.200 --> 09:54.133 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And that is from the poet Carl Sandburg. 09:54.233 --> 09:57.300 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% And I do believe with all my heart that nothing happens 09:57.400 --> 09:59.433 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% unless first we dream. 09:59.533 --> 10:04.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And I am where I am today because of the dreams 10:04.200 --> 10:06.700 align:left position:12.5%,start line:89% size:77.5% that my family dared to dream. 10:06.800 --> 10:09.866 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% And I'm sure that all of you are where you are today 10:09.966 --> 10:11.700 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% for the same reason. 10:11.800 --> 10:13.800 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% Because we dare to dream. 10:13.900 --> 10:17.000 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% So I'm going to show you just some pictures 10:17.100 --> 10:19.933 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% as I go along with my talk. 10:20.033 --> 10:22.066 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% And then, after I'm done-- 10:22.166 --> 10:25.233 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% Oh, I'm going to read a couple of excerpts from the book, 10:25.333 --> 10:27.866 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% and then when I'm done, I'll open it up for questions. 10:27.966 --> 10:29.333 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% So if you guys have any questions, 10:29.433 --> 10:31.666 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% feel free to ask me anything you want 10:31.766 --> 10:33.766 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% because I'm literally an open book. 10:33.866 --> 10:36.166 align:left position:37.5%,start line:89% size:52.5% [laughter] 10:36.266 --> 10:40.600 align:left position:12.5%,start line:89% size:77.5% So, my journey began in Mexico 10:40.700 --> 10:45.033 align:left position:30%,start line:83% size:60% in a city called Iguala Guerrero. 10:45.133 --> 10:47.766 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% And Iguala Guerrero is known as 10:47.866 --> 10:51.233 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% the birthplace of the Mexican flag. 10:51.333 --> 10:54.766 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% So it's like the Philadelphia of Mexico. 10:54.866 --> 10:58.433 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% So it's "Cuna de la bandera nacional." 10:58.533 --> 10:59.666 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% So, like Philadelphia, 10:59.766 --> 11:03.700 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% it's also about three hours from the capital. 11:03.800 --> 11:09.333 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% But unlike when you drive from, you know, Philadelphia to DC, 11:09.433 --> 11:12.133 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% when you drive from Mexico City to Iguala, 11:12.233 --> 11:16.733 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% you actually feel like you're driving into another world 11:16.833 --> 11:18.633 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% because the two couldn't be, 11:18.733 --> 11:21.033 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% you know, so different. 11:21.133 --> 11:25.366 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Mexico City is a big city with millions of people. 11:25.466 --> 11:27.866 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% A metropolitan with a lot of culture too. 11:27.966 --> 11:29.400 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% You know, a lot of old buildings. 11:29.500 --> 11:35.333 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% But it's very, very different than when you come into my city, 11:35.433 --> 11:38.566 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% which is very small and very, very poor. 11:38.666 --> 11:41.233 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% One of the things that we do boast is that 11:41.333 --> 11:44.966 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% the biggest Mexican flag in the country 11:45.066 --> 11:48.566 align:left position:12.5%,start line:89% size:77.5% flies over the city of Iguala. 11:48.666 --> 11:51.633 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And it's surrounded by very beautiful mountains, 11:51.733 --> 11:54.966 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% and I'm sure those of you who've read my first book 11:55.066 --> 11:56.233 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% "Across a Hundred Mountains," 11:56.333 --> 11:57.966 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% and also in "The Distance Between Us" 11:58.066 --> 11:59.733 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% I write about the mountains 11:59.833 --> 12:03.100 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% because they played a big part in my childhood. 12:03.200 --> 12:07.300 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% Iguala, like I said, is, you know, very, very poor 12:07.400 --> 12:11.033 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% because it's located in the state of Guerrero. 12:11.133 --> 12:14.900 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% And Guerrero is the second poorest state in Mexico. 12:15.000 --> 12:18.766 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% 70% of the population there lives in poverty. 12:18.866 --> 12:22.566 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% When you're driving from Mexico City from the airport to Iguala, 12:22.666 --> 12:25.333 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% that's the first thing you see when you enter the city is 12:25.433 --> 12:28.533 align:left position:12.5%,start line:89% size:77.5% a lot of dirt roads and shacks 12:28.633 --> 12:31.966 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and most people there are still living without running water. 12:32.066 --> 12:34.933 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And some people are still living there with no electricity. 12:35.033 --> 12:38.266 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% So there hasn't been a lot of progress. 12:38.366 --> 12:41.233 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% And once in a while you hear that Mexico is doing better 12:41.333 --> 12:44.033 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% or that the economy is doing better, 12:44.133 --> 12:46.300 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% but that's true like in big cities 12:46.400 --> 12:49.033 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% like Mexico City or Guadalajara, 12:49.133 --> 12:53.000 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% but that progress never really reaches little places 12:53.100 --> 12:56.833 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% like Guerrero, like Iguala. 12:56.933 --> 12:59.300 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% There's so many things happening in my city 12:59.400 --> 13:01.800 align:left position:12.5%,start line:89% size:77.5% that I want to tell you about. 13:01.900 --> 13:06.366 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% First, is that due to heroin epidemic 13:06.466 --> 13:09.266 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% that we're dealing with here in the US, 13:09.366 --> 13:12.566 align:left position:30%,start line:83% size:60% that has affected my city in Iguala 13:12.666 --> 13:14.866 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% because Guerrero-- Because, you know, 13:14.966 --> 13:18.800 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% Mexico is the number one supplier of heroin to the US, 13:18.900 --> 13:22.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% and the state of Guerrero grows the most crops 13:22.700 --> 13:24.133 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% for the heroin trade. 13:24.233 --> 13:25.966 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% So, my city of Iguala 13:26.066 --> 13:29.066 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% is a distribution center for the Cartel. 13:29.166 --> 13:33.800 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% And there are about 200 pounds of heroin paste 13:33.900 --> 13:36.433 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% that gets shipped out of Iguala every week 13:36.533 --> 13:40.500 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% and delivered to places like Los Angeles and Chicago. 13:40.600 --> 13:42.333 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% So that is one thing 13:42.433 --> 13:45.400 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% that the mountains that surround my hometown 13:45.500 --> 13:49.033 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% are now covered in poppy fields. 13:49.133 --> 13:51.333 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% And the other thing about Guerrero, 13:51.433 --> 13:53.833 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% in addition to being the second poorest state, 13:53.933 --> 13:57.666 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% it's also now the most violent state in Mexico. 13:57.766 --> 14:00.600 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% And so when you enter my city, the first thing you see 14:00.700 --> 14:03.666 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% are the federal police patrolling the city. 14:03.766 --> 14:07.500 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% There are no state police and no local police anymore. 14:07.600 --> 14:08.900 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% They have been removed. 14:09.000 --> 14:10.566 align:left position:12.5%,start line:89% size:77.5% So now it's the federal police 14:10.666 --> 14:13.133 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% that's always patrolling the city. 14:13.233 --> 14:16.866 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And you will also see the city hall in Iguala, 14:16.966 --> 14:21.600 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% which burned down, is now being repaired 14:21.700 --> 14:23.900 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% after it got burned down during a protest. 14:24.000 --> 14:27.366 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% And Iguala has now become a place 14:27.466 --> 14:31.533 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% where college students can disappear overnight. 14:31.633 --> 14:34.466 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% Just like what happened in 2014 14:34.566 --> 14:37.766 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% where 43 students disappeared in my hometown, 14:37.866 --> 14:40.566 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% and to this day they have not been found. 14:40.666 --> 14:43.233 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% We still don't know what happened to them. 14:43.333 --> 14:48.866 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Many people have been arrested, but nobody has been tried yet. 14:48.966 --> 14:51.466 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% And there's still so many unanswered questions, 14:51.566 --> 14:53.033 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% and the Mexican government 14:53.133 --> 14:56.366 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% continues to sabotage the investigation. 14:56.466 --> 15:01.300 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And, again, we still don't know where the students were taken 15:01.400 --> 15:03.866 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% or why or what happened to them. 15:03.966 --> 15:05.966 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% And that has really affected the city. 15:06.066 --> 15:07.200 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% You know? 15:07.300 --> 15:11.033 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% The feel of the city, the people who live there. 15:11.133 --> 15:15.333 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% So it's been a tragedy that, you know, 15:15.433 --> 15:17.733 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% because we still don't know what happened, 15:17.833 --> 15:21.366 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% it's still very raw and very painful 15:21.466 --> 15:24.066 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% and people there can't move on. 15:24.166 --> 15:25.566 align:left position:27.5%,start line:89% size:62.5% They can't move on. 15:25.666 --> 15:26.833 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% They can't heal. 15:26.933 --> 15:31.166 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% And also due to the disappearance of the students, 15:31.266 --> 15:37.766 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% more and more disappeared have been-- 15:37.866 --> 15:39.033 align:left position:32.5%,start line:89% size:57.5% What can I say? 15:39.133 --> 15:41.000 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% More people who have families who have disappeared 15:41.100 --> 15:43.500 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% have come out and said, you know, it's not-- 15:43.600 --> 15:44.800 align:left position:27.5%,start line:89% size:62.5% It wasn't just 43. 15:44.900 --> 15:48.933 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% It's actually thousands and thousands of disappeared 15:49.033 --> 15:50.000 align:left position:37.5%,start line:89% size:52.5% in Mexico. 15:50.100 --> 15:53.433 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And the mountains that surround my hometown 15:53.533 --> 15:55.866 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% are covered in graves. 15:55.966 --> 15:58.666 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% So, to this day, ever since the students disappeared, 15:58.766 --> 16:02.133 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% they found over 120 mass graves 16:02.233 --> 16:04.066 align:left position:30%,start line:83% size:60% around the place where I grew up. 16:04.166 --> 16:08.266 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% So that is my Iguala. That's my hometown. 16:08.366 --> 16:10.400 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% And I talk about this because it's really important 16:10.500 --> 16:14.766 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% to always know, like, you know, where immigrants come from. 16:14.866 --> 16:16.133 align:left position:42.5%,start line:89% size:47.5% Right? 16:16.233 --> 16:20.733 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And what is happening in their towns and their countries 16:20.833 --> 16:23.200 align:left position:12.5%,start line:89% size:77.5% that is causing the migration. 16:23.300 --> 16:25.500 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% So, with my family, you know, 16:25.600 --> 16:28.066 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% a lot of these things hadn't happened yet. 16:28.166 --> 16:31.766 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% My family immigrated here due to 16:31.866 --> 16:35.533 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% the economy and the poverty and the lack of opportunities. 16:35.633 --> 16:38.766 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% But now that the people that are migrating from my hometown 16:38.866 --> 16:41.166 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% are migrating for not just the poverty, 16:41.266 --> 16:45.566 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% but now because of the violence and the stability 16:45.666 --> 16:48.533 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% and all of these things that are happening in my town. 16:48.633 --> 16:55.666 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% So, back then, in Iguala, I lived there with my family, 16:55.766 --> 16:58.033 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% and it was me, I was the youngest, 16:58.133 --> 17:01.433 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% and my brother, Carlos, and my sister, Mago. 17:01.533 --> 17:05.666 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And the three of us, we lived with our mother. 17:05.766 --> 17:09.466 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% And, for me, you know, this picture is really special 17:09.566 --> 17:12.300 align:left position:30%,start line:83% size:60% because that was the last picture 17:12.400 --> 17:14.933 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% that we took with my mother. 17:15.033 --> 17:17.333 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% And one day, things changed for the family, 17:17.433 --> 17:20.133 align:left position:30%,start line:83% size:60% and that's where I start the book. 17:20.233 --> 17:24.400 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% The day when everything changed for me and my siblings. 17:24.500 --> 17:27.633 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% So I'm going to read to you the very beginning of 17:27.733 --> 17:29.166 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% "The Distance Between Us" 17:29.266 --> 17:33.033 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% just to introduce you to the story 17:33.133 --> 17:38.466 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% and to the day that changed my life. 17:41.700 --> 17:45.733 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% My father's mother, Abuela Evila, 17:45.833 --> 17:49.233 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% liked to scare us with stories of La Llorona, 17:49.333 --> 17:53.100 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% the weeping woman who roams the canal and steals children away. 17:53.200 --> 17:56.166 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% She would say that if we didn't behave, 17:56.266 --> 17:59.200 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% La Llorona would take us far away 17:59.300 --> 18:02.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% where we would never see our parents again. 18:02.700 --> 18:05.400 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% My other grandmother, Abuelita Chinta, 18:05.500 --> 18:08.500 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% would tell us not to be afraid of La Llorona. 18:08.600 --> 18:12.000 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% That if we prayed, God, La Virgen, and the saints 18:12.100 --> 18:14.233 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% would protect us from her. 18:14.333 --> 18:16.166 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% Neither of my grandmothers told us 18:16.266 --> 18:18.933 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% that there's something more powerful than La Llorona, 18:19.033 --> 18:23.400 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% a power that takes away parents, not children. 18:23.500 --> 18:26.900 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% It is called the United States. 18:27.000 --> 18:29.866 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% In 1980, when I was four years old, 18:29.966 --> 18:32.666 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% I didn't know yet where the United States was 18:32.766 --> 18:36.000 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% or why everyone in my hometown of Iguala, Guerrero, 18:36.100 --> 18:39.833 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% referred to it as El Otro Lado, the Other Side. 18:39.933 --> 18:42.466 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% What I knew back then was that El Otro Lado 18:42.566 --> 18:45.066 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% had already taken my father away. 18:45.166 --> 18:48.166 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% What I knew was that prayers didn't work 18:48.266 --> 18:49.666 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% because if they did, 18:49.766 --> 18:54.133 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% El Otro Lado wouldn't be taking my mother away, too. 18:54.233 --> 18:56.566 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% It was January 1980. 18:56.666 --> 19:00.066 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% The following month, my mother would be turning 30, 19:00.166 --> 19:03.566 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% but she wouldn't be celebrating her birthday with us. 19:03.666 --> 19:06.666 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% I clutched on my mother's dress and asked, 19:06.766 --> 19:09.066 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% "How long will you be gone?" 19:09.166 --> 19:12.166 align:left position:30%,start line:83% size:60% "Not too long," was her response. 19:12.266 --> 19:14.100 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% She closed the latch on the small suitcase 19:14.200 --> 19:17.433 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% she had bought secondhand for her trip to El Otro Lado, 19:17.533 --> 19:21.566 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% and I knew the hour had come for her to leave. 19:21.666 --> 19:26.100 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% "It's time to go," Mami said as she picked up her suitcase. 19:26.200 --> 19:28.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% My sister Mago, my brother Carlos, and I 19:28.700 --> 19:31.133 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% grabbed the plastic bags filled with our clothes. 19:31.233 --> 19:33.633 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% We stood at the threshold of the little house 19:33.733 --> 19:36.800 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% we had been renting from a man named Don Ruben 19:36.900 --> 19:39.500 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% and looked around us one more time. 19:39.600 --> 19:41.733 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Mami's brothers were packing our belongings 19:41.833 --> 19:44.400 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% to be stored at my grandmother's house: 19:44.500 --> 19:46.433 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% a refrigerator that didn't work, 19:46.533 --> 19:48.233 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% but that Mami hoped to fix one day, 19:48.333 --> 19:53.900 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% the bed Mago and I had shared with Mami ever since Papi left, 19:54.000 --> 19:57.333 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% the wardrobe we decorated with El Chavo del Ocho stickers 19:57.433 --> 20:01.000 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% to hide the places where the paint had peeled off. 20:01.100 --> 20:03.133 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% The house was almost empty now. 20:03.233 --> 20:04.433 align:left position:32.5%,start line:89% size:57.5% Later that day, 20:04.533 --> 20:07.166 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% Mami would be handing the key back to Don Ruben, 20:07.266 --> 20:11.766 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% and this would no longer be our home, but someone else's. 20:11.866 --> 20:14.166 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% As we were about to step into the sunlight, 20:14.266 --> 20:16.133 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% I caught a glimpse of Papi. 20:16.233 --> 20:19.566 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% My uncle was putting a photo of him into a box. 20:19.666 --> 20:22.766 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% I ran to take the photo from my uncle. 20:22.866 --> 20:24.900 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% "Why are you taking that?" Mami said, 20:25.000 --> 20:28.533 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% as we headed down the dirt road to Papi's mother's house 20:28.633 --> 20:30.433 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% where we'd be living from then on. 20:30.533 --> 20:32.900 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% "He's my Papi," I said, 20:33.000 --> 20:36.300 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% and I clutched the frame tight against my chest. 20:36.400 --> 20:38.166 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% "I know that," Mami said. 20:38.266 --> 20:41.666 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% "Your grandmother has pictures of your father at her house. 20:41.766 --> 20:44.200 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% You don't need to take that photo with you." 20:44.300 --> 20:48.266 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% "But this is my Papi," I told her again. 20:48.366 --> 20:49.833 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% She didn't understand that 20:49.933 --> 20:52.633 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% this paper face behind a wall of glass 20:52.733 --> 20:56.300 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% was the only father I had ever known. 20:56.400 --> 20:59.200 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% I was two years old when my father left. 20:59.300 --> 21:04.800 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% The year before, the peso was devalued 45% to the US dollar. 21:04.900 --> 21:06.066 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% It was the beginning 21:06.166 --> 21:09.700 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% of the worst recession Mexico has seen in 50 years. 21:09.800 --> 21:14.200 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% My father left to pursue a dream: to build us a house. 21:14.300 --> 21:17.900 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% Although he was a bricklayer and had built many houses, 21:18.000 --> 21:20.200 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% with Mexico's unstable economy, 21:20.300 --> 21:22.333 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% he would never earn the money he needed 21:22.433 --> 21:24.900 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% to make his dream a reality. 21:25.000 --> 21:28.466 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Like most immigrants, my father had left his native country 21:28.566 --> 21:29.833 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% with high expectations 21:29.933 --> 21:32.733 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% of what life in El Otro Lado would be like. 21:32.833 --> 21:35.833 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% Once reality set in and he realized that 21:35.933 --> 21:37.533 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% dollars weren't as easy to make 21:37.633 --> 21:40.366 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% as the stories people told made it seem, 21:40.466 --> 21:42.700 align:left position:30%,start line:83% size:60% he had been faced with two choices: 21:42.800 --> 21:47.266 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% return to Mexico empty-handed and with his head held low, 21:47.366 --> 21:49.500 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% or send for my mother. 21:49.600 --> 21:53.433 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% He decided on the latter, hoping that between the two of them, 21:53.533 --> 21:55.166 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% they could earn the money he needed 21:55.266 --> 21:57.400 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% to build the house he dreamed of. 21:57.500 --> 21:59.733 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Then he would finally be able to return 21:59.833 --> 22:03.300 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% to the country of his birth with his head held high, 22:03.400 --> 22:05.366 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% proud of what he had accomplished. 22:05.466 --> 22:09.000 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% In the meantime, he was leaving us without a mother. 22:09.100 --> 22:12.333 align:left position:37.5%,start line:89% size:52.5% Thank you. 22:12.433 --> 22:15.433 align:left position:37.5%,start line:89% size:52.5% [applause] 22:19.433 --> 22:21.966 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% So I started the book there 22:22.066 --> 22:25.666 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% because I really do feel that this is where my journey began. 22:25.766 --> 22:30.766 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% And after my mother left, it was just now the three of us. 22:32.866 --> 22:35.066 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% Just me and my brother and my sister. 22:35.166 --> 22:40.466 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% And so, basically, by the time I was four-and-a-half, 22:40.566 --> 22:43.766 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% I had no father and I had no mother 22:43.866 --> 22:49.133 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and there was a border that stood between me and my parents. 22:49.233 --> 22:51.400 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% And, to me, you know, as a little girl, 22:51.500 --> 22:55.000 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% that was really difficult to wrap my head around. 22:55.100 --> 22:59.000 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% To have them so far away and to not understand, you know, 22:59.100 --> 23:01.366 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% what had driven them away. 23:01.466 --> 23:08.433 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And we don't understand anything about, you know, the economy. 23:08.533 --> 23:10.000 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% We don't understand anything about 23:10.100 --> 23:13.433 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% when the peso was being devalued and that there were no jobs 23:13.533 --> 23:14.633 align:left position:27.5%,start line:89% size:62.5% and that, you know, 23:14.733 --> 23:16.700 align:left position:30%,start line:83% size:60% there were lacks of opportunities. 23:16.800 --> 23:19.866 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% As a child, what I felt was that my parents had left 23:19.966 --> 23:23.300 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% because they didn't love me enough to stay with me. 23:23.400 --> 23:28.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And it really affected me to be separated from them 23:28.800 --> 23:31.966 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% and to not know if I would ever see them again. 23:32.066 --> 23:34.633 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% And when my mother left, 23:34.733 --> 23:38.466 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% we were left behind with my paternal grandmother. 23:38.566 --> 23:42.133 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And I refer to her a lot as my evil grandmother 23:42.233 --> 23:43.966 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% because she was really mean. 23:44.066 --> 23:48.000 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% But also because her name is-- It was Evila, 23:48.100 --> 23:50.566 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% which is spelled like the word evil with an 'A'. 23:50.666 --> 23:51.900 align:left position:37.5%,start line:89% size:52.5% [laughter] 23:52.000 --> 23:54.433 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% And I remember the first-- When I was learning English 23:54.533 --> 23:57.866 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% and I ran into the word "evil" in a fairy tale, 23:57.966 --> 24:01.033 align:left position:15%,start line:77% size:75% I said, "Ooh, that looks like my grandmother's name." [laughter] 24:01.133 --> 24:03.366 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% And I looked up the definition of evil, 24:03.466 --> 24:05.733 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and I said, "Ooh, that is my grandmother's name." 24:05.833 --> 24:06.900 align:left position:37.5%,start line:89% size:52.5% [laughter] 24:07.000 --> 24:09.033 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% So I know those of you who've read the book, 24:09.133 --> 24:14.133 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% you know that my grandmother made life very difficult for us 24:14.233 --> 24:15.166 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% while we lived there. 24:15.266 --> 24:16.666 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% And she wasn't very happy 24:16.766 --> 24:19.933 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% about being stuck with three grandchildren to raise, 24:20.033 --> 24:21.800 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% and, you know, especially at her age. 24:21.900 --> 24:26.333 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% And she really did feel being put upon, 24:26.433 --> 24:29.766 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% having to take care of me and my siblings. 24:29.866 --> 24:31.666 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% So as the years went by, you know, 24:31.766 --> 24:34.733 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% my siblings and I, we just had each other. 24:34.833 --> 24:37.800 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And my older sister became my little mother, 24:37.900 --> 24:40.266 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% and she did her best to provide 24:40.366 --> 24:44.000 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% and to give me love and nurturing. 24:44.100 --> 24:48.400 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% And she had to sacrifice her childhood to become a parent, 24:48.500 --> 24:52.133 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% which, for me, it's also one of the tragedies in my family. 24:52.233 --> 24:53.200 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% You know? 24:53.300 --> 24:54.600 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% That something like that had to happen. 24:54.700 --> 24:56.933 align:left position:27.5%,start line:89% size:62.5% But she was the one 24:57.033 --> 25:00.533 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% who really helped us to deal with the situation, 25:00.633 --> 25:05.100 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% and she was also a big dreamer. 25:05.200 --> 25:07.233 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% She would always talk about the dream that 25:07.333 --> 25:11.300 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% when our parents would return, and that's really, I think, 25:11.400 --> 25:15.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% when I became a dreamer because that's all I had. 25:15.433 --> 25:18.866 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% And I had this dream that one day, you know, 25:18.966 --> 25:21.833 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% our family was going to be put back together again. 25:21.933 --> 25:25.033 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% And that's what I held on to during the eight years 25:25.133 --> 25:27.466 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% that my father was gone. 25:27.566 --> 25:31.433 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% I held on to that dream with all my heart. 25:31.533 --> 25:34.700 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% So, when I was almost 10 years old, 25:34.800 --> 25:37.200 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% my father finally came back to Iguala. 25:37.300 --> 25:41.166 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% And by the time he came back, a lot of things had changed. 25:41.266 --> 25:45.100 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% The economy in Mexico had gone from bad to worse, 25:45.200 --> 25:47.700 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% and people were not going back home. 25:47.800 --> 25:50.733 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% They were actually continuing to migrate. 25:50.833 --> 25:55.600 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And, you know, my father and me, we were part of 25:55.700 --> 25:58.400 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% that biggest wave of immigration from Mexico 25:58.500 --> 26:00.466 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% that lasted for like, how many years? 26:00.566 --> 26:02.633 align:left position:40%,start line:5% size:50% 40 years? 26:02.733 --> 26:05.533 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% So, my father, he couldn't come back to Mexico 26:05.633 --> 26:07.366 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% because there were still no jobs 26:07.466 --> 26:09.833 align:left position:22.5%,start line:5% size:67.5% and the peso kept getting devalued. 26:09.933 --> 26:12.833 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% And also other things that changed in my family 26:12.933 --> 26:16.500 align:left position:15%,start line:5% size:75% was that my parents separated when they were here, 26:16.600 --> 26:20.000 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% and my father left my mom for another woman. 26:20.100 --> 26:22.066 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% So when he came back to Mexico, 26:22.166 --> 26:24.066 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% he came back with this new woman. 26:24.166 --> 26:26.600 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% And it was really traumatic for me 26:26.700 --> 26:28.733 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% to meet my father for the first time 26:28.833 --> 26:33.133 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% and then to see a complete stranger next to my father. 26:33.233 --> 26:35.833 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% And it was seeing this woman with my father 26:35.933 --> 26:38.600 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% that when I really realized that 26:38.700 --> 26:42.700 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% my family was never going to be put back together again. 26:42.800 --> 26:45.266 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% So that was a very difficult moment for me, 26:45.366 --> 26:48.800 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% but again, it was an experience that changed my life, 26:48.900 --> 26:51.366 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% when my father came back to Iguala, 26:51.466 --> 26:54.200 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% because he decided to bring us to the US 26:54.300 --> 26:56.833 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% since he wasn't going to come back anymore. 26:56.933 --> 26:59.433 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% And one of the biggest ironies in my life was that 26:59.533 --> 27:01.900 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% it took my father eight years 27:02.000 --> 27:04.466 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% to build us the house that he dreamed of, 27:04.566 --> 27:06.100 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% and yet we never lived in it. 27:06.200 --> 27:07.800 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% Even for one day. 27:07.900 --> 27:10.300 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% So, when I was nine-and-a-half, 27:10.400 --> 27:13.700 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% I found myself face to face with the US border. 27:13.800 --> 27:16.300 align:left position:12.5%,start line:89% size:77.5% And, for me, it was, you know, 27:16.400 --> 27:21.466 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% a very shocking experience to see it with my own eyes because 27:21.566 --> 27:25.500 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% this border had stood between me and my parents for so long 27:25.600 --> 27:29.333 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% and for me to finally find myself there. 27:29.433 --> 27:34.766 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% I wasn't very concerned about that I was going to lose my life 27:34.866 --> 27:39.233 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% because we were about to embark in this dangerous journey 27:39.333 --> 27:40.466 align:left position:27.5%,start line:89% size:62.5% across the border. 27:40.566 --> 27:42.900 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% But, for me, the stakes were so much higher than that 27:43.000 --> 27:45.266 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% because the stakes for me were, you know, 27:45.366 --> 27:49.000 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% losing my chance to have a father back in my life, 27:49.100 --> 27:50.733 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% if I didn't succeed. 27:50.833 --> 27:54.200 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% So I'm going to read to you the second excerpt of the book, 27:54.300 --> 27:57.000 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% and then I'll finish up my presentation, 27:57.100 --> 27:59.100 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% and then I'll take answers. 27:59.200 --> 28:01.166 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% But I'm going to read to you 28:01.266 --> 28:05.566 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% the version of the young reader's edition. 28:07.633 --> 28:09.133 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% In the original version, 28:09.233 --> 28:13.633 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% the border crossing is only one chapter in the story, 28:13.733 --> 28:17.500 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% but when I did the adaptation for young readers 28:17.600 --> 28:20.866 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% my editor asked me to expand the border crossing 28:20.966 --> 28:22.400 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% into three chapters. 28:22.500 --> 28:25.900 align:left position:25%,start line:77% size:65% I'm not going to read the three of them. [laughter] 28:26.000 --> 28:28.733 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% I'll just read the beginning. 28:28.833 --> 28:32.433 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% So this is our first border crossing. 28:32.533 --> 28:34.333 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% And it was really interesting for me 28:34.433 --> 28:38.466 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% to go back into the book that I had already written 28:38.566 --> 28:39.800 align:left position:32.5%,start line:89% size:57.5% and reshape it. 28:39.900 --> 28:41.466 align:left position:27.5%,start line:89% size:62.5% And restructure it. 28:41.566 --> 28:44.733 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% And the difference between the two 28:44.833 --> 28:48.500 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% is that I cut out about a hundred pages. 28:48.600 --> 28:51.966 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Even though they look the same, you know, they're just as thick, 28:52.066 --> 28:56.766 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% but this one the font is bigger, which I really like now 28:56.866 --> 28:59.233 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% because now that I'm like 40, I'm blind 28:59.333 --> 29:02.833 align:left position:25%,start line:77% size:65% and I can hardly read this font anymore. [laughter] 29:02.933 --> 29:05.100 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% So I love the big font. 29:05.200 --> 29:08.200 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% So now I actually like reading from this version 29:08.300 --> 29:11.200 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% because I don't need to put on glasses yet. 29:11.300 --> 29:12.533 align:left position:37.5%,start line:89% size:52.5% All right. 29:12.633 --> 29:17.733 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% So, here's our first attempt at crossing the border. 29:17.833 --> 29:20.566 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% Papi checked us into a small hotel. 29:20.666 --> 29:24.633 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% There was only a full-size bed, a night table, a dresser, 29:24.733 --> 29:26.933 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% and a television in the room. 29:27.033 --> 29:29.400 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% Papi said we three could have the bed. 29:29.500 --> 29:31.600 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% "I'll sleep on the floor," he said. 29:31.700 --> 29:33.033 align:left position:27.5%,start line:89% size:62.5% The floor was tiled 29:33.133 --> 29:36.766 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% and I knew it would be uncomfortable to sleep on, 29:36.866 --> 29:38.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% but he said a bigger room costs more. 29:38.800 --> 29:43.766 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% "And with any luck, we will only be here for one night," he said. 29:43.866 --> 29:45.733 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% He left us there to watch television, 29:45.833 --> 29:48.933 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% and he went out in search of food and a coyotaje. 29:49.033 --> 29:51.666 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% The smuggler who would take us across. 29:51.766 --> 29:53.800 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% We watched reruns of  El Chavo del Ocho 29:53.900 --> 29:55.633 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% while we waited for Papi. 29:55.733 --> 29:58.233 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% We had never stayed in a hotel before, 29:58.333 --> 30:00.933 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% and we had never watched TV in bed. 30:01.033 --> 30:02.233 align:left position:27.5%,start line:89% size:62.5% For the first time, 30:02.333 --> 30:05.733 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% I found myself beginning to enjoy our journey north. 30:05.833 --> 30:08.400 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% Papi came back with tacos and sodas. 30:08.500 --> 30:10.433 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% "We head out tomorrow," he said. 30:10.533 --> 30:12.866 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% "Eat your food and then go straight to bed. 30:12.966 --> 30:15.166 align:left position:30%,start line:83% size:60% We'll leave early in the morning." 30:15.266 --> 30:18.566 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% The smuggler picked us up before sunrise at the hotel 30:18.666 --> 30:20.666 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% and drove us across the city. 30:20.766 --> 30:24.800 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% I was sleepy, and I found myself struggling to stay awake. 30:24.900 --> 30:27.200 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% I wasn't used to waking up that early, 30:27.300 --> 30:29.966 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% and I was groggy and grumpy. 30:30.066 --> 30:31.466 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% To make matters worse, 30:31.566 --> 30:34.033 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% that morning I had woken up with a tooth ache, 30:34.133 --> 30:36.866 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% and Papi didn't have anything to give me. 30:36.966 --> 30:39.100 align:left position:30%,start line:83% size:60% My tooth had hurt once in a while, 30:39.200 --> 30:42.333 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and my grandmother had given me mint leaves to chew on. 30:42.433 --> 30:46.600 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% This time, there was nothing I could do except doze off, 30:46.700 --> 30:49.600 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% hoping that when I woke up the pain would be gone. 30:49.700 --> 30:52.100 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% "Reyna, wake up. 30:52.200 --> 30:53.800 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% We're here," Mago said. 30:53.900 --> 30:57.966 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% The sun was just coming out when we came to a stop. 30:58.066 --> 31:00.533 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% We got out of the car and looked around. 31:00.633 --> 31:04.500 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% The border turned out to be nothing but dirt and bushes, 31:04.600 --> 31:08.300 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% rocks and weeds, under a light blue sky. 31:08.400 --> 31:11.633 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% "This is where we start," the smuggler said. 31:11.733 --> 31:14.500 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% He looked at me and said, "Try to keep up, okay? 31:14.600 --> 31:17.600 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% You don't want to be left behind, do you?" 31:17.700 --> 31:19.033 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% I looked at Papi. 31:19.133 --> 31:20.400 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% My stomach clenched at 31:20.500 --> 31:22.800 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% the thought of being abandoned in the middle of nowhere. 31:22.900 --> 31:26.966 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% The coyotaje must have seen the terrified look on my face 31:27.066 --> 31:28.833 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% because he laughed and patted my head. 31:28.933 --> 31:31.266 align:left position:27.5%,start line:89% size:62.5% "I'm just teasing." 31:31.366 --> 31:34.433 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% Papi's face was serious when he looked at us and said, 31:34.533 --> 31:37.633 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% "Stay alert and do as the coyotaje says. 31:37.733 --> 31:41.233 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% The coyotaje led us through a hole in a chain link fence 31:41.333 --> 31:43.900 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% into the vacant land on the other side. 31:44.000 --> 31:45.733 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% We followed in silence. 31:45.833 --> 31:49.400 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% I looked at the ants scurrying around, gathering food. 31:49.500 --> 31:51.700 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% A hawk soared above in the wind. 31:51.800 --> 31:53.000 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% Birds chirped in trees. 31:53.100 --> 31:55.866 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% Lizards crawled under rocks. 31:55.966 --> 31:57.800 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% If I hadn't been so afraid, 31:57.900 --> 32:00.266 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% I would have been enjoying our adventure. 32:00.366 --> 32:03.800 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% But then I remembered that even though this place was beautiful, 32:03.900 --> 32:05.500 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% it was forbidden land. 32:05.600 --> 32:07.666 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% We were not welcome here. 32:07.766 --> 32:08.900 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% Once in a while, 32:09.000 --> 32:11.533 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% the coyotaje shouted orders to us and we obeyed. 32:11.633 --> 32:12.833 align:left position:42.5%,start line:89% size:47.5% "Walk!" 32:12.933 --> 32:14.166 align:left position:42.5%,start line:89% size:47.5% "Hide!" 32:14.266 --> 32:15.466 align:left position:42.5%,start line:89% size:47.5% "Run!" 32:15.566 --> 32:16.966 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% "Crawl!" 32:17.066 --> 32:20.366 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% I wasn't used to walking and running so much and so fast. 32:20.466 --> 32:23.533 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% My tooth began to hurt even more, and around noon, 32:23.633 --> 32:26.933 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% as we walked through the hills under the heat of the sun, 32:27.033 --> 32:29.166 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% I began to get a fever. 32:29.266 --> 32:31.933 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% Mago put her arm around me so that I could lean on her 32:32.033 --> 32:35.900 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% as we walked, but soon we found ourselves lagging behind. 32:36.000 --> 32:39.433 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% "Come on, Reyna, you can do it," Mago said. 32:39.533 --> 32:41.400 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% "Maybe we should turn around and go back," 32:41.500 --> 32:43.700 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% the coyotaje said to Papi. 32:43.800 --> 32:46.366 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% He stopped and waited for us to catch up. 32:46.466 --> 32:49.533 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% "It's hard making this journey with children." 32:49.633 --> 32:51.233 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% "No," Papi said. 32:51.333 --> 32:52.400 align:left position:32.5%,start line:89% size:57.5% "We keep going. 32:52.500 --> 32:54.333 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% She'll be okay." 32:54.433 --> 32:57.066 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Papi ended up carrying me on his back. 32:57.166 --> 32:59.266 align:left position:12.5%,start line:89% size:77.5% I held on as tight as I could, 32:59.366 --> 33:04.100 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% branches grasping at me as if trying to tear me away from him. 33:04.200 --> 33:08.400 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% I didn't remember ever being given a piggyback ride by Papi, 33:08.500 --> 33:10.433 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% and I wish we were somewhere else, 33:10.533 --> 33:13.966 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% like at a park having fun, not at the border. 33:14.066 --> 33:18.133 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% Not when I was hungry and sick and terrified of being caught. 33:18.233 --> 33:19.600 align:left position:27.5%,start line:89% size:62.5% My throat felt dry, 33:19.700 --> 33:23.200 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and I asked for water for the hundredth time that day. 33:23.300 --> 33:27.666 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% "Not right now," Papi said again as he struggled up the path. 33:27.766 --> 33:29.600 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% His breaths came in gasps. 33:29.700 --> 33:32.166 align:left position:12.5%,start line:89% size:77.5% I knew Papi was getting tired. 33:32.266 --> 33:35.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Suddenly, a cloud of dust rose in the distance, 33:35.200 --> 33:39.133 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% and before we knew it, a white truck was heading our way. 33:39.233 --> 33:41.333 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% "Run!" the coyotaje yelled. 33:41.433 --> 33:42.666 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% We rushed into the bushes, 33:42.766 --> 33:45.733 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% and I clung to Papi with all my might as he ran. 33:45.833 --> 33:47.433 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% He dove behind a rock. 33:47.533 --> 33:49.866 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% I gripped him so hard I choked him. 33:49.966 --> 33:53.833 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% He pulled free from my grip and muffled a cough into his arm. 33:53.933 --> 33:56.233 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% Had La Migra heard him? 33:56.333 --> 33:58.866 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% The truck pulled over and men dressed in green, 33:58.966 --> 34:03.033 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% the men Papi had called La Migra, got out of the truck. 34:03.133 --> 34:04.333 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% "Come out," they said. 34:04.433 --> 34:06.366 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% "There's nowhere to hide." 34:06.466 --> 34:09.000 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% They took us to the border patrol station. 34:09.100 --> 34:11.766 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% Mago, Carlos, and I waited in the hallway 34:11.866 --> 34:14.866 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% while the agents took Papi into their office. 34:14.966 --> 34:18.366 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% We didn't know what they would do to us, to him. 34:18.466 --> 34:19.900 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% We waited and waited. 34:20.000 --> 34:22.933 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% Our eyes hurt from too much crying. 34:23.033 --> 34:25.600 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% Agents passed by without looking at us. 34:25.700 --> 34:27.666 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% More and more migrants arrived. 34:27.766 --> 34:31.400 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% Mostly men and a few women, but no children. 34:31.500 --> 34:34.266 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% Even though they were just as afraid as we were, 34:34.366 --> 34:37.800 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% they looked at us and they smiled, encouraging us. 34:37.900 --> 34:42.733 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% With their eyes, they said to me, "Have faith, don't give up." 34:42.833 --> 34:45.833 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% I didn't know how long Papi had been with the agents. 34:45.933 --> 34:48.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% I didn't know what they were asking him 34:48.200 --> 34:49.800 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% or what he was saying. 34:49.900 --> 34:51.566 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% But as the minutes went by, 34:51.666 --> 34:55.000 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% I began to wonder if they would ever let him go. 34:55.100 --> 34:56.666 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% What if they arrested him? 34:56.766 --> 34:58.466 align:left position:35%,start line:89% size:55% Arrested us? 34:58.566 --> 35:01.200 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% What if we never saw each other again? 35:01.300 --> 35:03.266 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% I clutched my brother and sister 35:03.366 --> 35:06.900 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% as fresh tears came out of my eyes. 35:07.000 --> 35:10.533 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% A border patrol agent with the bluest eyes I had ever seen 35:10.633 --> 35:14.066 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% stopped in front of us and said something to us in English. 35:14.166 --> 35:15.333 align:left position:27.5%,start line:89% size:62.5% We shook our heads, 35:15.433 --> 35:18.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% feeling stupid because we couldn't understand him 35:18.200 --> 35:20.600 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% and we didn't know how to tell him that. 35:20.700 --> 35:23.300 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% He smiled and went to the vending machine. 35:23.400 --> 35:25.766 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% Then he came back with sodas for us. 35:25.866 --> 35:28.400 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% He patted our heads and walked away. 35:28.500 --> 35:32.666 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% I didn't realize until then how hungry and thirsty I was. 35:32.766 --> 35:33.866 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% I had been too afraid 35:33.966 --> 35:37.133 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% to think about anything other than my father. 35:37.233 --> 35:41.000 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% We opened our sodas, and the sweetness of it gave me hope. 35:41.100 --> 35:44.233 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% It was a gift from a border patrol agent. 35:44.333 --> 35:47.300 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% From a gringo with kind blue eyes. 35:47.400 --> 35:49.966 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Maybe the agents weren't so bad after all. 35:50.066 --> 35:51.766 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% Maybe they would understand 35:51.866 --> 35:55.500 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% that all we wanted was to have a family, 35:55.600 --> 35:58.166 align:left position:12.5%,start line:89% size:77.5% and they would soon let us go. 35:58.266 --> 36:01.633 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% And they would let us keep our dream. 36:01.733 --> 36:02.966 align:left position:37.5%,start line:89% size:52.5% Thank you. 36:03.066 --> 36:08.033 align:left position:37.5%,start line:89% size:52.5% [applause] 36:08.133 --> 36:10.966 align:left position:37.5%,start line:89% size:52.5% All right. 36:11.066 --> 36:15.066 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% So, you know how the crossing turned out because I'm here now. 36:15.166 --> 36:16.466 align:left position:37.5%,start line:89% size:52.5% [laughter] 36:16.566 --> 36:18.233 align:left position:27.5%,start line:89% size:62.5% So, we did make it. 36:18.333 --> 36:20.533 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% It took us three times. 36:20.633 --> 36:24.900 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% And my dream came true in a way. 36:25.000 --> 36:26.833 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% I had dreamed of having both my parents, 36:26.933 --> 36:31.700 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% but I ended up with just my dad, which, in many ways, 36:31.800 --> 36:33.833 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% I think it was a good thing 36:33.933 --> 36:36.300 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% because my father, more than my mother, 36:36.400 --> 36:39.066 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% had a really, really big impact 36:39.166 --> 36:41.833 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% on the the person that I turned out to be. 36:41.933 --> 36:44.233 align:left position:12.5%,start line:89% size:77.5% So there I was with my father. 36:44.333 --> 36:47.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% We came to live with him in Los Angeles. 36:47.200 --> 36:49.700 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% And when we arrived in LA, 36:49.800 --> 36:53.600 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% I thought that I had finally put the border between us 36:53.700 --> 36:56.333 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% and that there would never be another border 36:56.433 --> 36:58.833 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% that I had to get across. 36:58.933 --> 37:00.900 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% But, you know, like most immigrants, 37:01.000 --> 37:03.333 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% when we arrive here, we realize that 37:03.433 --> 37:08.033 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% the US border is really just our first border to overcome. 37:08.133 --> 37:09.600 align:left position:30%,start line:83% size:60% And when we come to this country, 37:09.700 --> 37:13.633 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% there's so many more borders that we need to get across. 37:13.733 --> 37:17.566 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And, you know, these are borders like language. 37:17.666 --> 37:19.633 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% The language barrier. 37:19.733 --> 37:21.600 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% There's a cultural barrier. 37:21.700 --> 37:25.466 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% And then, for many of us, there's also the legal barrier 37:25.566 --> 37:30.033 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% when we come here without proper documentation. 37:30.133 --> 37:32.600 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% And so these were so many other borders 37:32.700 --> 37:36.466 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% that I had to cross when I arrived. 37:36.566 --> 37:39.133 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And at school, when I first started, you know, 37:39.233 --> 37:42.500 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% I realized that school was another border 37:42.600 --> 37:44.900 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% that I needed to overcome. 37:45.000 --> 37:47.400 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% And I attended a school that didn't really have 37:47.500 --> 37:49.666 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% resources for immigrant children. 37:49.766 --> 37:51.600 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% They didn't have bilingual education. 37:51.700 --> 37:53.000 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% They didn't have ESL. 37:53.100 --> 37:57.666 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% They just had a sink or swim approach to learning English. 37:57.766 --> 37:59.366 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% And I was thrown into a classroom 37:59.466 --> 38:01.633 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% where I didn't speak the language, 38:01.733 --> 38:04.900 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% and, for me, it was a very difficult experience 38:05.000 --> 38:08.833 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% because it was at school where I first experienced 38:08.933 --> 38:13.133 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% marginalization where, you know, I felt discriminated, 38:13.233 --> 38:17.533 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% where I felt that I didn't have a voice, and I realized that, 38:17.633 --> 38:22.966 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% you know, I was going to have to fight for my right to remain. 38:23.066 --> 38:26.633 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% But, you know, as I mentioned earlier, 38:26.733 --> 38:29.200 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% I was really lucky to come to live with my father 38:29.300 --> 38:31.666 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% because my father was a very big dreamer. 38:31.766 --> 38:34.333 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% And maybe it's our last name, Grande, 38:34.433 --> 38:35.966 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% that he tried to live up to 38:36.066 --> 38:37.933 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% because he didn't have little dreams, 38:38.033 --> 38:40.200 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% he hadgrandedreams. 38:40.300 --> 38:44.166 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% And my father, when we got here, he told us that. 38:44.266 --> 38:47.433 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% You know, he brought us here so that we could succeed, 38:47.533 --> 38:48.766 align:left position:32.5%,start line:89% size:57.5% and he told us 38:48.866 --> 38:53.600 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% that he expected nothing but 'A's from us from school. 38:53.700 --> 38:56.433 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% And threatened to deport us back to Mexico 38:56.533 --> 38:58.566 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% if we didn't do well in school. [laughter] 38:58.666 --> 39:00.433 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% So I wasn't afraid of border patrol. 39:00.533 --> 39:03.300 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% I was afraid of my father because I knew that he would 39:03.400 --> 39:05.933 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% deport us if we didn't, you know, get straight 'A's. 39:06.033 --> 39:09.300 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% So we were really good students, my siblings and I, 39:09.400 --> 39:13.966 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and we were straight A students, and my father talked to us 39:14.066 --> 39:16.500 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% about, you know, going to college one day 39:16.600 --> 39:19.833 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and having a career one day and being homeowners one day 39:19.933 --> 39:22.433 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% and having money for retirement one day. 39:22.533 --> 39:24.666 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% And, you know, I was 11 years old 39:24.766 --> 39:26.666 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% and he was telling me about retirement already. 39:26.766 --> 39:28.833 align:left position:27.5%,start line:89% size:62.5% So that was my dad. 39:28.933 --> 39:31.166 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% And one of the things that I really appreciated the most 39:31.266 --> 39:32.866 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% about my dad was that, you know, 39:32.966 --> 39:35.033 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% even though we were undocumented, 39:35.133 --> 39:36.433 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% he would always say, 39:36.533 --> 39:39.766 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% "Just because we're undocumented doesn't mean we cannot dream." 39:39.866 --> 39:41.166 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% And he was the kind of person 39:41.266 --> 39:44.733 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% that he was always ready for tomorrow. 39:44.833 --> 39:47.033 align:left position:30%,start line:83% size:60% He would tell us, "You never know 39:47.133 --> 39:49.133 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% what opportunities might come tomorrow, 39:49.233 --> 39:52.200 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% and we need to be prepared for those opportunities." 39:52.300 --> 39:55.133 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% So that's kind of how he taught us to live our lives. 39:55.233 --> 39:56.433 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% You know? 39:56.533 --> 39:58.366 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% To always be prepared for what tomorrow might bring. 39:58.466 --> 40:00.666 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% And, luckily for us, 40:00.766 --> 40:04.733 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% what tomorrow brought was the 1986 amnesty, 40:04.833 --> 40:08.500 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% which legalized the status of three million people. 40:08.600 --> 40:12.800 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% And both of my parents became legal residents 40:12.900 --> 40:14.633 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% because of the amnesty. 40:14.733 --> 40:16.566 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% So when I was 15 years old 40:16.666 --> 40:20.300 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% was when our Green Cards arrived in the mail. 40:20.400 --> 40:23.300 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% And I remember that day when my father opened the envelope 40:23.400 --> 40:24.733 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% and he took out the Green Cards 40:24.833 --> 40:26.700 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% and he gave us each a Green Card. 40:26.800 --> 40:30.900 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% He said, "I've done my part, the rest is up to you." 40:31.000 --> 40:35.333 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% And that was a very, you know, powerful moment for me 40:35.433 --> 40:36.900 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% because having that Green Card, 40:37.000 --> 40:39.833 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% it really allowed me 40:39.933 --> 40:43.833 align:left position:12.5%,start line:89% size:77.5% to finally embrace the dreams. 40:43.933 --> 40:46.166 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% To not be afraid anymore. 40:46.266 --> 40:50.366 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% To not ask my father, you know, "Can we really aspire 40:50.466 --> 40:52.600 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% to all these things you're talking about?" 40:52.700 --> 40:55.900 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% And when that Green Card came, you know, 40:56.000 --> 40:57.266 align:left position:37.5%,start line:89% size:52.5% it really-- 40:57.366 --> 41:00.900 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% I took the Green Card my father handed me and I ran with it. 41:01.000 --> 41:04.533 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% And so, many dreams came true for me 41:04.633 --> 41:06.600 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% thanks to that opportunity. 41:06.700 --> 41:08.100 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% That, you know, for me, 41:08.200 --> 41:12.366 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% one of the reasons why I wrote "The Distance Between Us" 41:12.466 --> 41:17.800 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% was to really try to emphasize what can happen 41:17.900 --> 41:20.566 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% when we give that opportunity, right, to people, 41:20.666 --> 41:22.866 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% and especially to our dreamers. 41:22.966 --> 41:24.266 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% To our immigrant youth. 41:24.366 --> 41:25.700 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% You know, what's going to happen 41:25.800 --> 41:29.033 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% when we allow them to legalize their status? 41:29.133 --> 41:32.733 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% So when I was given that opportunity as a 15-year-old, 41:32.833 --> 41:36.166 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% you know, I went on to accomplish all my dreams. 41:36.266 --> 41:39.000 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% So I dreamt of going to college. 41:39.100 --> 41:43.666 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% And I, you know, I ended up at the community college 41:43.766 --> 41:45.800 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% where I did a lot of great things, 41:45.900 --> 41:49.533 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and one of them was to participate in the Rose Parade. 41:49.633 --> 41:53.933 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% And that was a big dream for me to be in the Rose Parade. 41:54.033 --> 41:56.233 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% And then, from there, 41:56.333 --> 41:58.466 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% I transferred to a four-year university, 41:58.566 --> 42:01.000 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% and I ended up at UC-Santa Cruz. 42:01.100 --> 42:03.466 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And there, I became the first in my family 42:03.566 --> 42:05.666 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% to graduate from college. [applause] 42:05.766 --> 42:09.000 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% Thank you. Thank you so much. 42:09.100 --> 42:10.366 align:left position:37.5%,start line:89% size:52.5% [applause] 42:10.466 --> 42:12.666 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% And, you know, for me it was a really big accomplishment 42:12.766 --> 42:15.233 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% because my father only went to the third grade 42:15.333 --> 42:17.566 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% and my mother went to the sixth grade. 42:17.666 --> 42:20.966 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% So, for me, like, it meant like once I did it, 42:21.066 --> 42:23.333 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% I was able to break that cycle, you know, 42:23.433 --> 42:25.000 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% that my family had been stuck in. 42:25.100 --> 42:28.933 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And I knew that by me doing it, that meant that 42:29.033 --> 42:31.866 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% I could now guide the rest of my family 42:31.966 --> 42:35.033 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% and the next generation of Grandes through that door. 42:35.133 --> 42:38.533 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% And it's just really interesting for me, you know, 42:38.633 --> 42:42.233 align:left position:12.5%,start line:89% size:77.5% that experience because it's-- 42:42.333 --> 42:46.866 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% With my husband, who I said is from Wisconsin, 42:46.966 --> 42:50.866 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% his mother has a master's degree, his father has a PhD, 42:50.966 --> 42:52.666 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% his sister has a master's degree, 42:52.766 --> 42:54.900 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% my husband has two master's degrees, 42:55.000 --> 42:58.166 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and his aunts and his uncles have PhDs and master's degrees. 42:58.266 --> 43:00.400 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% I'm like, geez, you know? 43:00.500 --> 43:03.600 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% And I guess, you know, his family, 43:03.700 --> 43:05.400 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% his father's side migrated from Finland, 43:05.500 --> 43:10.000 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and it was his great grandfather who migrated. 43:10.100 --> 43:13.000 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And, for me, it gives me a lot of hope 43:13.100 --> 43:16.533 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% because I feel like two generations from now 43:16.633 --> 43:21.000 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% my great grandchildren are going to be saying that 43:21.100 --> 43:23.366 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% about the Grande family. 43:23.466 --> 43:25.500 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% So that's what I aspire to now. 43:25.600 --> 43:26.733 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% That's my dream now. 43:26.833 --> 43:30.933 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% But that's what it meant to me when I graduated, 43:31.033 --> 43:32.666 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% that I started something. 43:32.766 --> 43:38.000 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% And then, also, I, you know, dreamed of being a US citizen, 43:38.100 --> 43:41.800 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% and 10 years ago, I became a US citizen. 43:41.900 --> 43:45.833 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% And then my dream of being a published author came true, 43:45.933 --> 43:47.866 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% and not just being published in the US, 43:47.966 --> 43:51.200 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% but also being published in other languages abroad. 43:51.300 --> 43:56.300 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% And then, you know, I have my own role models, 43:56.400 --> 44:02.433 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and these are Latino successful artists that are my role models. 44:02.533 --> 44:05.733 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% So being recognized by them for the things that I'm doing 44:05.833 --> 44:07.833 align:left position:12.5%,start line:89% size:77.5% has meant a lot to me as well. 44:07.933 --> 44:11.533 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% So, having that opportunity to meet these role models. 44:11.633 --> 44:14.833 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% And for 20 years, I dreamt of 44:14.933 --> 44:17.133 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% being on the stage with Sandra Cisneros, 44:17.233 --> 44:19.100 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% who's my, like, idol. [laughter] 44:19.200 --> 44:22.733 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And that dream came true last year. 44:22.833 --> 44:26.566 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% And it's like, man, I waited 20 years but, you know, 44:26.666 --> 44:28.833 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% you just got to hold on to those dreams 44:28.933 --> 44:30.700 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% no matter how long it takes. 44:30.800 --> 44:33.633 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% So, for me, you know, what's driving me now 44:33.733 --> 44:36.700 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% after all these dreams that I've been able to accomplish is, 44:36.800 --> 44:40.666 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% you know, I'm continuing to fight for immigrant rights 44:40.766 --> 44:43.133 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% because I do feel that, you know, 44:43.233 --> 44:46.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% that's my responsibility as an immigrant. 44:46.433 --> 44:48.766 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% And I fight against invisibility. 44:48.866 --> 44:49.766 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% You know? 44:49.866 --> 44:52.033 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% And that's why I always push myself 44:52.133 --> 44:53.833 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% to keep going with my writing 44:53.933 --> 44:56.566 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% because I feel like if I'm not writing my stories, 44:56.666 --> 44:59.433 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% then who's going to write our stories? 44:59.533 --> 45:03.700 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% And so I fight against invisibility through my work, 45:03.800 --> 45:06.933 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% and I contribute my stories to American literature 45:07.033 --> 45:12.466 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% to remind people that Latinos are part of the American story. 45:12.566 --> 45:18.100 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% And that we need to be part of our literature. 45:18.200 --> 45:20.800 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% So, those of us who have made it, you know, 45:20.900 --> 45:24.133 align:left position:30%,start line:83% size:60% I think all of us here in the room, 45:24.233 --> 45:29.100 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% or many of us here in the room, have made it in many ways. 45:29.200 --> 45:33.233 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% We're still working towards our dreams, but, you know, 45:33.333 --> 45:38.066 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% we have a responsibility to keep the dream alive for others, 45:38.166 --> 45:39.333 align:left position:42.5%,start line:89% size:47.5% right? 45:39.433 --> 45:41.000 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% And that's something that 45:41.100 --> 45:44.000 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% I take that responsibility very seriously. 45:44.100 --> 45:47.533 align:left position:17.5%,start line:5% size:72.5% As Michelle Obama once said in a speech, 45:47.633 --> 45:49.733 align:left position:22.5%,start line:5% size:67.5% that we shouldn't close the door, right? 45:49.833 --> 45:52.633 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% Once we go through the door of opportunity, 45:52.733 --> 45:53.900 align:left position:15%,start line:5% size:75% we shouldn't close the door. 45:54.000 --> 45:58.000 align:left position:17.5%,start line:5% size:72.5% We should leave it open for those coming after us. 45:58.100 --> 46:01.166 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% So, that's what I try to do with my work. 46:01.266 --> 46:04.433 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% And that's what I encourage all of you guys to do. 46:04.533 --> 46:07.933 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% To keep the door open and to keep helping other people 46:08.033 --> 46:09.366 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% to go through that door. 46:09.466 --> 46:13.033 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And especially, you know, our immigrant families. 46:13.133 --> 46:17.366 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% And that's something that Centro is doing beautifully. 46:17.466 --> 46:18.633 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% You know? 46:18.733 --> 46:20.266 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% Keeping that door open, literally. 46:20.366 --> 46:21.733 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% Keeping that door open 46:21.833 --> 46:25.633 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% and helping immigrant families to fight for their dreams. 46:25.733 --> 46:30.733 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% Continuing to support our immigrant youth. 46:30.833 --> 46:34.633 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% I think that's very, very important because, as we know, 46:34.733 --> 46:38.733 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% youth are the future of this country, 46:38.833 --> 46:40.900 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% whether they're immigrant or not immigrant. 46:41.000 --> 46:42.566 align:left position:12.5%,start line:89% size:77.5% You know, we need to make sure 46:42.666 --> 46:45.566 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% that we help them reach their full potential 46:45.666 --> 46:48.966 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% and that we give them those opportunities that they need 46:49.066 --> 46:50.266 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% so that later on 46:50.366 --> 46:53.400 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% they can contribute their talents and their skills 46:53.500 --> 46:56.000 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% to our communities and make this a better place. 46:56.100 --> 47:01.866 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Also, you know, right now in terms of immigration, you know, 47:01.966 --> 47:06.466 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% we're living through the biggest immigration crisis in history 47:06.566 --> 47:09.100 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% here in the United States. 47:09.200 --> 47:12.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% We're seeing it happening in Europe, as well. 47:12.800 --> 47:16.233 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% There are more displaced people in the world today 47:16.333 --> 47:18.033 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% than ever before. 47:18.133 --> 47:22.100 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% So it's important, you know, to keep talking about immigration 47:22.200 --> 47:25.666 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% and not just locally, but globally. 47:25.766 --> 47:28.600 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% You know? Like, what's going on? 47:28.700 --> 47:30.533 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% And like I said, I am a big dreamer. 47:30.633 --> 47:34.166 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% So I dream of a world where there is respect 47:34.266 --> 47:37.600 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% for all human beings regardless of where we come from 47:37.700 --> 47:40.166 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% regardless of the color of our skin. 47:40.266 --> 47:43.566 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% But I also think that we need to do some serious soul searching 47:43.666 --> 47:48.100 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% as a country and also as a world 47:48.200 --> 47:52.400 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% because I see that powerful countries 47:52.500 --> 47:57.200 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% have a history of denying or failing to recognize that 47:57.300 --> 47:59.366 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% their acts and their policies 47:59.466 --> 48:01.933 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% create instability in other countries. 48:02.033 --> 48:05.500 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% And what I see is that, you know, 48:05.600 --> 48:11.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% first we create catalysts for immigration, 48:11.433 --> 48:14.733 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% and then we punish people for immigrating. 48:14.833 --> 48:18.700 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% So, we need to really start asking ourselves, 48:18.800 --> 48:19.966 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% "What are we doing?" 48:20.066 --> 48:25.133 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% and, "How can we change things for the better?" 48:25.233 --> 48:28.466 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% So, just to conclude, and I'm going to open it up 48:28.566 --> 48:31.400 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% for questions after this, is that, you know, 48:31.500 --> 48:34.900 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% I really believe that there has to be a place for immigrants 48:35.000 --> 48:38.766 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% in our hearts, in our country, in our literature, 48:38.866 --> 48:42.500 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and this is, for me, what I'm fighting for the most. 48:42.600 --> 48:45.500 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% This country, as we mentioned earlier, you know, 48:45.600 --> 48:47.433 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% it was founded by immigrants, right? 48:47.533 --> 48:49.266 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% It's fueled by immigrants. 48:49.366 --> 48:52.533 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% It began as a dream. 48:52.633 --> 48:54.633 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% It was founded by dreamers. 48:54.733 --> 48:58.300 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% And it is dreamers, especially our young dreamers, 48:58.400 --> 49:01.266 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% who will continue to make this country great. 49:01.366 --> 49:04.466 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% So, let us dream together. 49:04.566 --> 49:09.133 align:left position:37.5%,start line:83% size:52.5% Thank you. [applause] 49:09.233 --> 49:10.866 align:left position:27.5%,start line:89% size:62.5% Thank you so much.