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>> Welcome, everyone, to

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Wednesday Nite at the Lab.

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I'm Tom Zinnen.

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I work here at the UW-Madison

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Biotechnology Center.

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I also work for UW-Extension

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Cooperative Extension, and on

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behalf of those folks and our

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other organizers, Wisconsin

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Public Television, the Wisconsin

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Alumni Association, and the

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UW-Madison Science Alliance,

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thanks for coming to Wednesday

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Nite at the Lab.

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We do this every Wednesday

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night, 50 times a year.

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It's your chance to experience

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science as exploring the unknown

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here at your land-grant research

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university.

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Tonight I'm delighted to be able

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to introduce to you

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Dean Kate VandenBosch.

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She is the new dean of the

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College of Agriculture and Life

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Sciences, and that is the

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college here at UW-Madison that

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puts the land grant in the

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university.

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It's a remarkable organization.

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I happened to get my PhD from it

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in 1985, but I haven't worked

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for the college since then, but

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I'm pretty proud to be

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associated with an institution

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that does basic research, such

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as in genetics here in this

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building, biochemistry,

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microbiology.

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It also does the traditional

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agricultural with horticulture,

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agronomy, soil, dairy science,

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animal science.

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But it has some remarkable range

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of other departments that study

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fields such as rural sociology,

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life science communication,

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landscape architecture.

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And I think that's one of the

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things that's got to be an

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interesting challenge for the

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new deans, how do you guide a

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college that is as diverse as

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this is, as remarkable as the

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University of Wisconsin is, and

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to sustain the tradition of

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public service and public

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scholarship that is one of the

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hallmarks of this university in

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general, and certainly your

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college in specific.

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Tonight, we get to hear about

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one of the tough things, and

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that is how do you grow the

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future.

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And I'm looking forward to

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hearing what Dean VandenBosch

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has to say.

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She is originally from Michigan.

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She studied at the University

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of Massachusetts in Amherst

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and got her BS and...

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>> MS and PhD.

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>> MS and PhD, excuse me.

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From there, she's a plant

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geneticist.

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She postdoc'd both here at

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UW-Madison and the John Innes

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Institute.

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Then she went to Texas A&M

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University for 12 years.

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For many years she was at the

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University of Minnesota.

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And now, in the last year or so,

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she's come to UW-Madison to

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serve as the new dean here for

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the College of Agriculture and

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Life Sciences.

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Would you please join me in

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welcoming Kate VandenBosch to

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Wednesday Nite at the Lab.

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[APPLAUSE]

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>> Well, thank you, Tom.

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It's a pleasure to be here.

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That was quite a good

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introduction.

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I thought I should start off by

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telling you a bit about myself,

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and he told a lot of the story,

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but I'll tell a little bit more,

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including I have some pictures

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here from my early development

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as a plant biologist, including

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this one up here in the

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left-hand corner where you see

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me sitting at an electron

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microscope.

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That was during my postdoc here

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in the mid-'80s.

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And I think when I was here, I

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was inoculated with something

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because years later I found this

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homing desire, a desire to come

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back here, and I'll tell you a

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little bit about that.

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But in my early career, I worked

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primarily on plant development

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and plant cell biology,

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interactions of plants with

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microbes, both the friendly and

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the unfriendly.

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And then in later years, after

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these pictures were taken, I got

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into the area of plant genomics

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and related topics.

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And this gives a pictorial story

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to what Tom already told you.

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I grew up in central part of the

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lower peninsula in Michigan.

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Went to Kalamazoo College, a

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small liberal arts college

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there.

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Graduate work at the University

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of Massachusetts, and then here

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as a postdoc.

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Then to England for a couple of

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years where I did a second

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postdoc before going to Texas

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A&M and then to the University

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of Minnesota.

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And, actually, there are a

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couple of themes going on here.

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One was that all of my training

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was in the basic life sciences

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and liberal arts, but all of my

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adult life, except for the

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couple of years in the UK, has

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been at land-grant institutions.

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So the first one was

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Massachusetts, and then here,

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and Texas A&M and Minnesota.

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They're all the land-grant

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institutions for their various

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states.

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And that really made a mark on

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me.

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Even though I started as a basic

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scientist, as a plant scientist,

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the places where that really

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flourishes are at land-grant

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institutions.

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And also, there's this great

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continuum of basic research all

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the way to applications and

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communication of new knowledge

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to the public, something that I

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have really come to love.

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And while I was at Minnesota, I

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got to be interested in how this

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kind of university functions and

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what we need to do to keep it

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flourishing and keep serving the

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public for the years to come.

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And that, plus this homing

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instinct, have brought me here

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for this particular opportunity,

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and I recently completed my

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first year as dean.

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So, here's the College of

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Agriculture and Life Sciences,

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a picture that I really like

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because it shows the past and

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the present.

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What you see here is Hiram Smith

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Hall, which is the home to life

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sciences communication, and it

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is reflected in the beautiful

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new microbial sciences building.

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About a half dozen years old

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now.

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So, we see here our past and our

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contemporary sense and a site of

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where a lot of our

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forward-thinking work is going

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on as well.

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So, our college, we're proud to

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say, is a leader in all aspects

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of its mission, research,

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education and training, and

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outreach.

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And the challenge today is, how

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do we keep ourselves vigorous?

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How do we address challenges as

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they emerge?

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How do we interpret the

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land-grant mission for the 21st

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century?

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And that is what it has got at

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work at today in planning for

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our future.

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I'll give you a little bit of

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some highlights about where we

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are today.

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Tom mentioned many of the

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disciplines that we cover here

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in the College of Agriculture

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and Life Sciences, or CALS as we

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like to call it, from basic

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science to applied life

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sciences, many aspects of social

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sciences that impact rural

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development, community

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development, and the economics

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of our disciplines.

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So, 19 departments currently.

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We have about 4,000 students in

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total.

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About three-quarters of them are

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undergraduates, and one-quarter

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are graduate students.

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Plus we have a large number of

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people that come to us for short

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courses or a variety of types of

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professional training that might

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be short in duration, as well as

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postdocs and many others.

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And here we have the degrees

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that we awarded two years ago.

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These numbers have been

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climbing.

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Our faculty is currently

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numbering in about 260

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individuals.

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Many of them highly

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accomplished, including 18

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members of the National Academy

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of Sciences.

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And about a quarter or so of our

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faculty have joined appointments

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with Cooperative Extension, and

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they're very much involved in

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their educational activity of

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educating the public and less so

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with students on campus.

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So, how do we position CALS for

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future success?

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Well, we have created a

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hypothesis that what we really

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need to do is to position

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ourselves at the overlap between

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the two circles that you see

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here.

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On the left are grand

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challenges.

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These are the great societal

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challenges of the day and those

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that we envision that will be

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arising during this century.

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And the one on the right really

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represents our strengths or our

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competitive advantages.

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And we think that we need to

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identify this overlap spot where

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we have great strengths that

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will allow us to address the big

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challenges of the future.

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So, we've initiated a strategic

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positioning effort for the

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college to address these and

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other questions.

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So, we're not the only ones

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thinking about the grand

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challenges facing our

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disciplines, the places where we

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can really make an impact.

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The USDA is thinking about that.

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The National Science Foundation,

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NIH, our major funding

289
00:09:42,100 --> 00:09:43,500
institutions are.

290
00:09:43,500 --> 00:09:46,233
Also, there was just a report of

291
00:09:46,233 --> 00:09:48,333
the President's Council of

292
00:09:48,333 --> 00:09:50,333
Advisors on Science and

293
00:09:50,333 --> 00:09:52,700
Technology addressing several

294
00:09:52,700 --> 00:09:55,066
issues.

295
00:09:55,066 --> 00:09:57,566
One is on training students in

296
00:09:57,566 --> 00:10:00,033
our science disciplines.

297
00:10:00,033 --> 00:10:01,900
There's been a similar report on

298
00:10:01,900 --> 00:10:03,900
how to advance agriculture in

299
00:10:03,900 --> 00:10:06,100
the coming decades.

300
00:10:06,100 --> 00:10:07,966
And the National Academy of

301
00:10:07,966 --> 00:10:10,500
Sciences has also recently

302
00:10:10,500 --> 00:10:13,633
undertaken an effort to see

303
00:10:13,633 --> 00:10:15,700
where biology is going in the

304
00:10:15,700 --> 00:10:17,900
21st century and how it can be,

305
00:10:17,900 --> 00:10:20,566
how the recent advances with all

306
00:10:20,566 --> 00:10:22,466
the tools that we have in basic

307
00:10:22,466 --> 00:10:24,300
science can be applied to some

308
00:10:24,300 --> 00:10:26,400
of these grant challenges.

309
00:10:26,400 --> 00:10:28,233
So we've been using these as

310
00:10:28,233 --> 00:10:29,866
resources as well as other

311
00:10:29,866 --> 00:10:33,133
sources.

312
00:10:33,133 --> 00:10:35,466
Well, I think that this figure

313
00:10:35,466 --> 00:10:37,166
really puts a lot of this in

314
00:10:37,166 --> 00:10:38,933
context.

315
00:10:38,933 --> 00:10:41,033
If there's one factor that

316
00:10:41,033 --> 00:10:42,866
creates a lot of challenge and

317
00:10:42,866 --> 00:10:45,000
has a lot of impact on the need

318
00:10:45,000 --> 00:10:47,033
for our expertise, it's the

319
00:10:47,033 --> 00:10:49,500
growing human population.

320
00:10:49,500 --> 00:10:51,466
And although this is a cartoon,

321
00:10:51,466 --> 00:10:53,366
it is absolutely to scale and

322
00:10:53,366 --> 00:10:55,766
shows what an unprecedented

323
00:10:55,766 --> 00:10:58,233
situation we find ourselves in.

324
00:10:58,233 --> 00:11:00,866
For most of human history, we

325
00:11:00,866 --> 00:11:02,866
had a slow growth in the

326
00:11:02,866 --> 00:11:05,300
population until the industrial

327
00:11:05,300 --> 00:11:07,433
revolution, and then more

328
00:11:07,433 --> 00:11:09,966
recently really fast growth

329
00:11:09,966 --> 00:11:13,533
projected through this century.

330
00:11:13,533 --> 00:11:15,633
And although we don't really

331
00:11:15,633 --> 00:11:17,633
know what this top point will

332
00:11:17,633 --> 00:11:19,733
be, a lot of experts say we will

333
00:11:19,733 --> 00:11:21,500
probably level off around about

334
00:11:21,500 --> 00:11:23,800
this point.

335
00:11:23,800 --> 00:11:25,333
Around nine or 10 billion

336
00:11:25,333 --> 00:11:26,866
people.

337
00:11:26,866 --> 00:11:29,133
We're currently at seven.

338
00:11:29,133 --> 00:11:30,833
And we've never had this many

339
00:11:30,833 --> 00:11:33,066
people on the Earth, and it

340
00:11:33,066 --> 00:11:35,933
creates a lot of new challenges.

341
00:11:35,933 --> 00:11:38,866
First and foremost, increased

342
00:11:38,866 --> 00:11:40,933
demand for the products of the

343
00:11:40,933 --> 00:11:42,800
Earth.

344
00:11:42,800 --> 00:11:45,166
Food, energy, fiber, other

345
00:11:45,166 --> 00:11:47,100
renewable materials, and

346
00:11:47,100 --> 00:11:49,566
non-renewable materials.

347
00:11:49,566 --> 00:11:51,633
And from the standpoint of

348
00:11:51,633 --> 00:11:53,333
agriculture when we think about

349
00:11:53,333 --> 00:11:55,066
this, in the 20th century, we

350
00:11:55,066 --> 00:11:57,033
had phenomenal success at

351
00:11:57,033 --> 00:11:59,300
increasing production, but that

352
00:11:59,300 --> 00:12:01,900
was with not only advances in

353
00:12:01,900 --> 00:12:03,666
genetics, but a lot of input,

354
00:12:03,666 --> 00:12:07,966
irrigation, fertilizer, and so

355
00:12:07,966 --> 00:12:11,033
on, and bringing more land into

356
00:12:11,033 --> 00:12:12,966
cultivation.

357
00:12:12,966 --> 00:12:14,966
But now we don't really have the

358
00:12:14,966 --> 00:12:17,433
capacity to expand the areas

359
00:12:17,433 --> 00:12:19,666
that are farmed, and we're

360
00:12:19,666 --> 00:12:22,733
worried about environmental

361
00:12:22,733 --> 00:12:25,366
quality and sustainability.

362
00:12:25,366 --> 00:12:27,300
So the solutions that we had in

363
00:12:27,300 --> 00:12:29,166
the last century are not going

364
00:12:29,166 --> 00:12:31,200
to be effective for this century

365
00:12:31,200 --> 00:12:34,000
in boosting our production.

366
00:12:34,000 --> 00:12:36,000
In addition, we have a changing

367
00:12:36,000 --> 00:12:37,833
climate, and in ways that's not

368
00:12:37,833 --> 00:12:40,166
entirely predictable.

369
00:12:40,166 --> 00:12:41,766
So that's bringing new

370
00:12:41,766 --> 00:12:43,166
challenges, volatile weather

371
00:12:43,166 --> 00:12:45,233
patterns.

372
00:12:45,233 --> 00:12:46,966
Last year it was drought.

373
00:12:46,966 --> 00:12:48,366
We also have seen more strong

374
00:12:48,366 --> 00:12:50,066
storms.

375
00:12:50,066 --> 00:12:51,933
So, the fact that we have

376
00:12:51,933 --> 00:12:53,966
limited natural resources and a

377
00:12:53,966 --> 00:12:56,200
changing climate really makes it

378
00:12:56,200 --> 00:12:58,500
even more challenging to meet

379
00:12:58,500 --> 00:13:00,433
the demands of a growing world

380
00:13:00,433 --> 00:13:02,733
population.

381
00:13:02,733 --> 00:13:04,500
We also have changing health

382
00:13:04,500 --> 00:13:06,533
challenges, many that have been

383
00:13:06,533 --> 00:13:08,466
with us, but just as we have the

384
00:13:08,466 --> 00:13:10,933
current seven billion, we've got

385
00:13:10,933 --> 00:13:13,733
a hundred billion hungry people,

386
00:13:13,733 --> 00:13:15,833
we also have about a hundred

387
00:13:15,833 --> 00:13:18,000
people estimated that would be

388
00:13:18,000 --> 00:13:21,666
obese or quite overweight.

389
00:13:21,666 --> 00:13:24,700
So, with that over-nutrition

390
00:13:24,700 --> 00:13:26,366
comes a lot of health

391
00:13:26,366 --> 00:13:27,966
challenges.

392
00:13:27,966 --> 00:13:30,100
We have different communicable

393
00:13:30,100 --> 00:13:32,600
diseases also arising, some of

394
00:13:32,600 --> 00:13:35,633
them related to animal health as

395
00:13:35,633 --> 00:13:37,800
well.

396
00:13:37,800 --> 00:13:39,900
And, of course, all of these

397
00:13:39,900 --> 00:13:41,533
things impact the health of

398
00:13:41,533 --> 00:13:43,633
communities and society and

399
00:13:43,633 --> 00:13:46,566
relate to issues even such as

400
00:13:46,566 --> 00:13:48,433
national security.

401
00:13:48,433 --> 00:13:50,166
So, I think you'd agree that

402
00:13:50,166 --> 00:13:51,633
these are all really very, very

403
00:13:51,633 --> 00:13:53,433
urgent.

404
00:13:53,433 --> 00:13:55,800
And so, I guess it's good news

405
00:13:55,800 --> 00:13:59,033
for us that we have new tools,

406
00:13:59,033 --> 00:14:01,600
growing knowledge base to

407
00:14:01,600 --> 00:14:03,233
address these kinds of

408
00:14:03,233 --> 00:14:05,300
questions, and I think, for

409
00:14:05,300 --> 00:14:06,833
those of us in CALS, we're not

410
00:14:06,833 --> 00:14:08,800
going to run out of work to do

411
00:14:08,800 --> 00:14:11,800
any time soon.

412
00:14:15,666 --> 00:14:18,166
So, in addition to the need for

413
00:14:18,166 --> 00:14:19,733
our expertise to address these

414
00:14:19,733 --> 00:14:22,433
challenges, there's also the

415
00:14:22,433 --> 00:14:24,600
need to train the new generation

416
00:14:24,600 --> 00:14:26,733
to enter the workforce and to

417
00:14:26,733 --> 00:14:29,633
think creatively about problem

418
00:14:29,633 --> 00:14:31,966
solving, in some cases for

419
00:14:31,966 --> 00:14:33,733
problems that we haven't yet

420
00:14:33,733 --> 00:14:36,033
learned how to articulate,

421
00:14:36,033 --> 00:14:38,233
emerging issues that we don't

422
00:14:38,233 --> 00:14:39,933
understand yet.

423
00:14:39,933 --> 00:14:41,600
So we have to train the next

424
00:14:41,600 --> 00:14:43,466
generation to be creative

425
00:14:43,466 --> 00:14:45,900
thinkers, critical thinkers,

426
00:14:45,900 --> 00:14:48,000
problem solvers, so that they

427
00:14:48,000 --> 00:14:50,933
will be contributing to

428
00:14:50,933 --> 00:14:53,600
addressing these issues.

429
00:14:53,600 --> 00:14:57,800
So, we have a need for a plan

430
00:14:57,800 --> 00:15:01,700
for the college going forward,

431
00:15:01,700 --> 00:15:03,333
and to segue from the comments I

432
00:15:03,333 --> 00:15:05,233
was just making about training

433
00:15:05,233 --> 00:15:07,000
the next generation, locally

434
00:15:07,000 --> 00:15:08,666
here we have a changing

435
00:15:08,666 --> 00:15:11,000
enrollment.

436
00:15:11,000 --> 00:15:12,966
So, this shows the change in

437
00:15:12,966 --> 00:15:16,233
percent enrollment in CALS in

438
00:15:16,233 --> 00:15:18,800
the red line, maybe you can't

439
00:15:18,800 --> 00:15:20,533
see the color, but it's the line

440
00:15:20,533 --> 00:15:22,733
that's sloping up there.

441
00:15:22,733 --> 00:15:25,933
And overall you see that UW

442
00:15:25,933 --> 00:15:28,833
Madison has stayed roughly the

443
00:15:28,833 --> 00:15:31,500
same size, increased over the

444
00:15:31,500 --> 00:15:34,633
last decade of a couple percent.

445
00:15:34,633 --> 00:15:36,633
Whereas in the College of

446
00:15:36,633 --> 00:15:38,500
Agricultural and Life Sciences,

447
00:15:38,500 --> 00:15:40,700
we've seen a dramatic growth

448
00:15:40,700 --> 00:15:42,500
especially in the last five

449
00:15:42,500 --> 00:15:44,433
years, and this seems to be

450
00:15:44,433 --> 00:15:46,200
continuing up and not

451
00:15:46,200 --> 00:15:48,200
plateauing.

452
00:15:48,200 --> 00:15:50,333
Our graduate enrollment has been

453
00:15:50,333 --> 00:15:53,400
pretty stable at about 900-950

454
00:15:53,400 --> 00:15:55,800
students or so pursuing Masters

455
00:15:55,800 --> 00:15:57,866
and PhD degrees.

456
00:15:57,866 --> 00:15:59,566
So, we're really thrilled about

457
00:15:59,566 --> 00:16:01,533
the interests of students in our

458
00:16:01,533 --> 00:16:04,233
areas, and we need to think

459
00:16:04,233 --> 00:16:07,933
carefully about how we can

460
00:16:07,933 --> 00:16:10,300
respond to this dramatic uptick

461
00:16:10,300 --> 00:16:12,533
in the interest in our programs.

462
00:16:12,533 --> 00:16:15,933
We can look at this on the

463
00:16:15,933 --> 00:16:18,833
background of our capacity to

464
00:16:18,833 --> 00:16:21,633
train students based on the

465
00:16:21,633 --> 00:16:24,633
number of faculty that we have.

466
00:16:24,633 --> 00:16:26,533
And here again, you see the dark

467
00:16:26,533 --> 00:16:28,400
red line, this time it's falling

468
00:16:28,400 --> 00:16:30,000
down.

469
00:16:30,000 --> 00:16:32,500
So this is percent change in the

470
00:16:32,500 --> 00:16:35,233
CALS faculty where we have seen

471
00:16:35,233 --> 00:16:38,266
a loss of faculty positions.

472
00:16:38,266 --> 00:16:41,233
So, over, this is a 30-year

473
00:16:41,233 --> 00:16:43,566
period, we've had a loss of

474
00:16:43,566 --> 00:16:45,366
about 30% of our faculty

475
00:16:45,366 --> 00:16:47,400
numbers.

476
00:16:47,400 --> 00:16:50,900
UW as a whole has varied, but,

477
00:16:50,900 --> 00:16:53,933
right now, UW as a whole is

478
00:16:53,933 --> 00:16:56,966
about where it was 25 to 30

479
00:16:56,966 --> 00:17:01,533
years ago.

480
00:17:01,533 --> 00:17:04,300
So, we have increasing interest

481
00:17:04,300 --> 00:17:06,133
in our programs.

482
00:17:06,133 --> 00:17:07,966
We have to train students to be

483
00:17:07,966 --> 00:17:10,233
creative thinkers.

484
00:17:10,233 --> 00:17:11,900
And there are other issues

485
00:17:11,900 --> 00:17:13,233
around education that we're

486
00:17:13,233 --> 00:17:14,400
thinking about too.

487
00:17:14,400 --> 00:17:16,066
On the left here we see our

488
00:17:16,066 --> 00:17:17,700
current interim chancellor,

489
00:17:17,700 --> 00:17:20,233
David Ward, who has encouraged

490
00:17:20,233 --> 00:17:22,100
us to think big, to set our

491
00:17:22,100 --> 00:17:24,466
sights high, and he's also

492
00:17:24,466 --> 00:17:26,933
encouraged us to be creative in

493
00:17:26,933 --> 00:17:28,466
what we're thinking about in

494
00:17:28,466 --> 00:17:29,700
terms of the way that we train

495
00:17:29,700 --> 00:17:31,866
students.

496
00:17:31,866 --> 00:17:33,500
And an interesting quote from

497
00:17:33,500 --> 00:17:35,900
him is that we need to be

498
00:17:35,900 --> 00:17:37,966
thinking more about 16th century

499
00:17:37,966 --> 00:17:39,300
methods than 20th century

500
00:17:39,300 --> 00:17:41,366
methods.

501
00:17:41,366 --> 00:17:43,400
And that seems counterintuitive,

502
00:17:43,400 --> 00:17:46,066
but what he is saying is that we

503
00:17:46,066 --> 00:17:48,333
really need to be able to work

504
00:17:48,333 --> 00:17:50,400
with students in small groups to

505
00:17:50,400 --> 00:17:52,333
coach them, to get them to work

506
00:17:52,333 --> 00:17:54,133
in groups.

507
00:17:54,133 --> 00:17:56,133
So, for example, one of the

508
00:17:56,133 --> 00:17:57,900
innovations that we are all

509
00:17:57,900 --> 00:18:00,166
talking about is the flipped

510
00:18:00,166 --> 00:18:02,000
classroom.

511
00:18:02,000 --> 00:18:03,700
The flipped classroom refers to

512
00:18:03,700 --> 00:18:05,600
the fact that students in this

513
00:18:05,600 --> 00:18:07,766
kind of a training environment

514
00:18:07,766 --> 00:18:10,600
listen to lectures at home with

515
00:18:10,600 --> 00:18:13,300
material online, and then they

516
00:18:13,300 --> 00:18:14,966
come to class to do their

517
00:18:14,966 --> 00:18:16,433
homework.

518
00:18:16,433 --> 00:18:17,933
So it's flipped.

519
00:18:17,933 --> 00:18:19,366
Instead of coming to class to

520
00:18:19,366 --> 00:18:21,066
hear the lecture, they hear that

521
00:18:21,066 --> 00:18:22,633
at home, and they do the

522
00:18:22,633 --> 00:18:24,466
homework while they're in class.

523
00:18:24,466 --> 00:18:26,033
Well, not just homework but

524
00:18:26,033 --> 00:18:27,900
problem sets, collaborative

525
00:18:27,900 --> 00:18:29,900
work, and so on.

526
00:18:29,900 --> 00:18:31,633
So, this is just one of the

527
00:18:31,633 --> 00:18:33,166
types of innovations that we're

528
00:18:33,166 --> 00:18:34,766
thinking about.

529
00:18:34,766 --> 00:18:36,333
And, of course, we're thinking

530
00:18:36,333 --> 00:18:38,466
about how to effectively use

531
00:18:38,466 --> 00:18:40,066
electronic delivery of

532
00:18:40,066 --> 00:18:42,433
information to give students

533
00:18:42,433 --> 00:18:44,466
more access or just to be able

534
00:18:44,466 --> 00:18:46,200
to provide them with the best

535
00:18:46,200 --> 00:18:49,133
tools for learning.

536
00:18:49,133 --> 00:18:50,633
So, where are we today?

537
00:18:50,633 --> 00:18:52,500
Well, some of our teaching isn't

538
00:18:52,500 --> 00:18:54,400
very contemporary or isn't very

539
00:18:54,400 --> 00:18:55,933
forward-thinking.

540
00:18:55,933 --> 00:18:57,800
You see here on the left is a

541
00:18:57,800 --> 00:19:00,533
classroom, a lecture hall in Ag

542
00:19:00,533 --> 00:19:02,733
Hall, right up at the other end

543
00:19:02,733 --> 00:19:04,833
of Henry Mall here, and this is

544
00:19:04,833 --> 00:19:06,433
the largest lecture room on

545
00:19:06,433 --> 00:19:08,133
campus.

546
00:19:08,133 --> 00:19:10,633
So that's 20th century style.

547
00:19:10,633 --> 00:19:13,133
And on the right, you see a

548
00:19:13,133 --> 00:19:14,833
fermentation lab in the new

549
00:19:14,833 --> 00:19:16,533
microbiology building.

550
00:19:16,533 --> 00:19:18,800
One of the types of settings

551
00:19:18,800 --> 00:19:20,566
that allows students to work in

552
00:19:20,566 --> 00:19:22,400
small groups, hands-on,

553
00:19:22,400 --> 00:19:24,366
project-based learning.

554
00:19:24,366 --> 00:19:27,000
So we do the whole gamut of

555
00:19:27,000 --> 00:19:29,766
types of instructional

556
00:19:29,766 --> 00:19:32,766
activities.

557
00:19:32,766 --> 00:19:34,833
And we need to be thinking

558
00:19:34,833 --> 00:19:36,733
carefully about the best way to

559
00:19:36,733 --> 00:19:38,533
train students, and what's the

560
00:19:38,533 --> 00:19:40,166
best mix of all these kinds of

561
00:19:40,166 --> 00:19:42,000
approaches for different types

562
00:19:42,000 --> 00:19:45,800
of learners.

563
00:19:45,800 --> 00:19:48,433
So, we have assembled a team of

564
00:19:48,433 --> 00:19:51,100
about 18 folks, mostly inside

565
00:19:51,100 --> 00:19:53,633
the college, a mix of faculty,

566
00:19:53,633 --> 00:19:56,266
students, and staff and a couple

567
00:19:56,266 --> 00:19:58,533
of members of the CALS Board of

568
00:19:58,533 --> 00:20:00,400
Visitors.

569
00:20:00,400 --> 00:20:05,000
And those are Susan Crane, is

570
00:20:05,000 --> 00:20:06,666
our current president of the

571
00:20:06,666 --> 00:20:08,266
CALS Board of Visitors.

572
00:20:08,266 --> 00:20:09,800
She works for WE Energies in

573
00:20:09,800 --> 00:20:11,466
Milwaukee, and she is a dairy

574
00:20:11,466 --> 00:20:13,433
farmer.

575
00:20:13,433 --> 00:20:15,400
And also Bill Oemichen,

576
00:20:15,400 --> 00:20:17,966
down here, our past president

577
00:20:17,966 --> 00:20:20,733
who works with cooperative

578
00:20:20,733 --> 00:20:22,900
businesses around the state and

579
00:20:22,900 --> 00:20:25,400
around the region.

580
00:20:25,400 --> 00:20:26,533
And we've been working since

581
00:20:26,533 --> 00:20:29,300
September on this task.

582
00:20:29,300 --> 00:20:32,200
So, one of the major approaches

583
00:20:32,200 --> 00:20:34,100
we've used is to get a lot of

584
00:20:34,100 --> 00:20:36,000
feedback from a lot of different

585
00:20:36,000 --> 00:20:38,066
people in different roles,

586
00:20:38,066 --> 00:20:40,800
faculty and staff, students,

587
00:20:40,800 --> 00:20:43,900
members of our stakeholder

588
00:20:43,900 --> 00:20:45,966
groups that interact with us a

589
00:20:45,966 --> 00:20:48,900
lot, members of the legislature

590
00:20:48,900 --> 00:20:55,233
and others.

591
00:20:55,233 --> 00:20:58,000
So, we have interpreted our

592
00:20:58,000 --> 00:20:59,966
mission in a new way.

593
00:20:59,966 --> 00:21:01,733
That's our new mission statement

594
00:21:01,733 --> 00:21:03,200
here.

595
00:21:03,200 --> 00:21:05,000
For the college, our goal is to

596
00:21:05,000 --> 00:21:07,000
advance and share knowledge,

597
00:21:07,000 --> 00:21:08,866
discover solutions, and promote

598
00:21:08,866 --> 00:21:12,033
opportunities in food,

599
00:21:12,033 --> 00:21:14,866
agriculture, bioenergy, health,

600
00:21:14,866 --> 00:21:16,733
human well-being, and the

601
00:21:16,733 --> 00:21:18,666
environment.

602
00:21:18,666 --> 00:21:20,633
So, advancing in shared

603
00:21:20,633 --> 00:21:22,066
knowledge to us means everything

604
00:21:22,066 --> 00:21:24,200
from basic science,

605
00:21:24,200 --> 00:21:25,966
understanding basic mechanisms,

606
00:21:25,966 --> 00:21:28,933
to the applications.

607
00:21:28,933 --> 00:21:31,000
Sharing knowledge refers to not

608
00:21:31,000 --> 00:21:32,966
only Extension but also our

609
00:21:32,966 --> 00:21:35,200
educational mission inside the

610
00:21:35,200 --> 00:21:38,066
university and beyond its walls.

611
00:21:38,066 --> 00:21:40,933
Our vision is to lead in

612
00:21:40,933 --> 00:21:43,433
science, innovation, and

613
00:21:43,433 --> 00:21:45,866
collaboration that improves life

614
00:21:45,866 --> 00:21:49,100
and sustains the natural world.

615
00:21:49,100 --> 00:21:52,766
And collaboration, I think, is a

616
00:21:52,766 --> 00:21:54,833
really important part of this.

617
00:21:54,833 --> 00:21:57,166
One of the emerging themes that

618
00:21:57,166 --> 00:21:59,266
came from all of our

619
00:21:59,266 --> 00:22:01,833
consultation and from all of the

620
00:22:01,833 --> 00:22:04,533
homework we did in reading of

621
00:22:04,533 --> 00:22:06,366
resources, the main point is the

622
00:22:06,366 --> 00:22:09,366
importance of interacting across

623
00:22:09,366 --> 00:22:11,300
disciplines to come up with

624
00:22:11,300 --> 00:22:13,366
creative solutions to these

625
00:22:13,366 --> 00:22:15,400
great grand challenges, we need

626
00:22:15,400 --> 00:22:17,333
to bring lots of different types

627
00:22:17,333 --> 00:22:19,266
of expertise together.

628
00:22:19,266 --> 00:22:21,133
Also, we hear from students

629
00:22:21,133 --> 00:22:23,433
frequently that they want to

630
00:22:23,433 --> 00:22:26,366
have diverse types of training.

631
00:22:26,366 --> 00:22:29,000
Students like to collect majors.

632
00:22:29,000 --> 00:22:30,766
I think the most I've heard of

633
00:22:30,766 --> 00:22:32,866
is four.

634
00:22:32,866 --> 00:22:34,900
Or they may like to have, also,

635
00:22:34,900 --> 00:22:37,000
certificates in different areas

636
00:22:37,000 --> 00:22:39,433
or create custom areas of study.

637
00:22:39,433 --> 00:22:41,666
So, I think this is important

638
00:22:41,666 --> 00:22:43,566
not just to be responsive to

639
00:22:43,566 --> 00:22:45,800
their interests but also in

640
00:22:45,800 --> 00:22:47,966
creating this new generation of

641
00:22:47,966 --> 00:22:50,000
creative individuals who have

642
00:22:50,000 --> 00:22:52,000
training and expertise from

643
00:22:52,000 --> 00:22:54,366
diverse areas.

644
00:22:54,366 --> 00:22:56,533
And so, attacking problems in a

645
00:22:56,533 --> 00:22:58,833
collaborative way is going to

646
00:22:58,833 --> 00:23:01,700
be, and is today already, an

647
00:23:01,700 --> 00:23:04,666
important tool that we have in

648
00:23:04,666 --> 00:23:07,333
meeting those challenges.

649
00:23:07,333 --> 00:23:09,566
Now, we have a tag line, growing

650
00:23:09,566 --> 00:23:11,500
the future.

651
00:23:11,500 --> 00:23:13,466
You saw that in my first slide,

652
00:23:13,466 --> 00:23:17,133
my title slide, and I really

653
00:23:17,133 --> 00:23:18,933
like this because we are

654
00:23:18,933 --> 00:23:21,366
constantly thinking of a future

655
00:23:21,366 --> 00:23:23,466
focus, the challenges that we

656
00:23:23,466 --> 00:23:24,600
have, and how we are growing to

657
00:23:24,600 --> 00:23:26,633
meet that, including the growth

658
00:23:26,633 --> 00:23:30,333
of human potential.

659
00:23:30,333 --> 00:23:31,733
So, one of the things that I

660
00:23:31,733 --> 00:23:34,366
asked our group to do is to

661
00:23:34,366 --> 00:23:37,166
identify some priority themes,

662
00:23:37,166 --> 00:23:39,600
themes of research areas that

663
00:23:39,600 --> 00:23:41,433
will be a priority for us going

664
00:23:41,433 --> 00:23:43,166
forward, but not only for

665
00:23:43,166 --> 00:23:45,666
research but also for training.

666
00:23:45,666 --> 00:23:48,633
And so we have six of those, six

667
00:23:48,633 --> 00:23:50,200
of these, and they're a work in

668
00:23:50,200 --> 00:23:51,766
progress, but I'll introduce

669
00:23:51,766 --> 00:23:53,466
them to you.

670
00:23:53,466 --> 00:23:55,300
The first is to enhance food

671
00:23:55,300 --> 00:23:57,166
systems.

672
00:23:57,166 --> 00:23:58,933
And by food systems, what we

673
00:23:58,933 --> 00:24:01,800
mean is the whole process of

674
00:24:01,800 --> 00:24:05,033
producing food from the field to

675
00:24:05,033 --> 00:24:07,200
the fork, from a local scale to

676
00:24:07,200 --> 00:24:09,566
a global scale.

677
00:24:09,566 --> 00:24:11,766
So it not only refers to raising

678
00:24:11,766 --> 00:24:14,866
crops and food animals but also

679
00:24:14,866 --> 00:24:17,633
how food is processed, how it is

680
00:24:17,633 --> 00:24:20,933
transported, how it is available

681
00:24:20,933 --> 00:24:24,566
to people, and even the waste

682
00:24:24,566 --> 00:24:26,833
management.

683
00:24:26,833 --> 00:24:28,533
So this is a really very big

684
00:24:28,533 --> 00:24:30,466
topic.

685
00:24:30,466 --> 00:24:32,700
And there are many contemporary

686
00:24:32,700 --> 00:24:34,733
aspects of this that are new

687
00:24:34,733 --> 00:24:36,533
challenges.

688
00:24:36,533 --> 00:24:38,466
So, for example, getting

689
00:24:38,466 --> 00:24:42,200
appropriate food to urban areas.

690
00:24:42,200 --> 00:24:44,733
Today, we find that there are

691
00:24:44,733 --> 00:24:47,266
urban areas that lack access to

692
00:24:47,266 --> 00:24:49,066
balanced diet, fresh foods in

693
00:24:49,066 --> 00:24:51,233
particular.

694
00:24:51,233 --> 00:24:53,366
Urban agriculture is an emerging

695
00:24:53,366 --> 00:24:55,366
area, and it's one that we are

696
00:24:55,366 --> 00:24:57,133
making some of our first forays

697
00:24:57,133 --> 00:24:58,466
into.

698
00:24:58,466 --> 00:25:00,066
So, the goal here is that an

699
00:25:00,066 --> 00:25:01,766
effective food system is one

700
00:25:01,766 --> 00:25:03,533
that would ensure not only an

701
00:25:03,533 --> 00:25:06,200
abundant and affordable source

702
00:25:06,200 --> 00:25:08,733
of food, but it also has to be

703
00:25:08,733 --> 00:25:12,900
accessible, safe, secure in that

704
00:25:12,900 --> 00:25:15,466
it's reliable year to year,

705
00:25:15,466 --> 00:25:18,666
sustainable, nutritious, and

706
00:25:18,666 --> 00:25:20,300
delicious.

707
00:25:20,300 --> 00:25:22,733
So this is a really big order.

708
00:25:22,733 --> 00:25:25,300
What we see here in the slides

709
00:25:25,300 --> 00:25:27,933
are a worker in, this is Babcock

710
00:25:27,933 --> 00:25:30,266
Hall's master cheesemaker, Gary

711
00:25:30,266 --> 00:25:32,566
Grossen, up here.

712
00:25:32,566 --> 00:25:35,000
This is Bill Tracy, who is the

713
00:25:35,000 --> 00:25:37,633
chair of agronomy and a

714
00:25:37,633 --> 00:25:40,166
sweetcorn breeder in the field.

715
00:25:40,166 --> 00:25:42,700
These are some students working

716
00:25:42,700 --> 00:25:44,000
at Bucky's Butchery, processing

717
00:25:44,000 --> 00:25:46,500
some meats.

718
00:25:46,500 --> 00:25:48,433
And here is a school lunch.

719
00:25:48,433 --> 00:25:49,566
So this is a topic with many

720
00:25:49,566 --> 00:25:52,400
facets.

721
00:25:52,400 --> 00:25:56,000
Another theme is continuing to

722
00:25:56,000 --> 00:25:59,633
improve human health.

723
00:25:59,633 --> 00:26:01,666
And not only fighting disease

724
00:26:01,666 --> 00:26:04,700
but maintaining healthfulness.

725
00:26:04,700 --> 00:26:08,133
This is a long topic of, it has

726
00:26:08,133 --> 00:26:10,500
a rich history in CALS,

727
00:26:10,500 --> 00:26:12,400
dating back to vitamin D

728
00:26:12,400 --> 00:26:14,500
research early on and continuing

729
00:26:14,500 --> 00:26:16,566
to the present day.

730
00:26:16,566 --> 00:26:17,900
That's the chemical symbol that

731
00:26:17,900 --> 00:26:19,166
you see along the left is

732
00:26:19,166 --> 00:26:22,066
vitamin D.

733
00:26:22,066 --> 00:26:25,066
And, today, we work hard at

734
00:26:25,066 --> 00:26:28,033
understanding the mechanisms of

735
00:26:28,033 --> 00:26:31,033
disease to enable development of

736
00:26:31,033 --> 00:26:32,900
new treatment methods.

737
00:26:32,900 --> 00:26:36,033
We have special expertise in

738
00:26:36,033 --> 00:26:38,300
metabolic diseases, including

739
00:26:38,300 --> 00:26:41,133
diabetes and obesity related

740
00:26:41,133 --> 00:26:43,700
areas.

741
00:26:43,700 --> 00:26:46,166
We have commitment to

742
00:26:46,166 --> 00:26:48,333
understanding nutrients in food

743
00:26:48,333 --> 00:26:50,100
and how they contribute to

744
00:26:50,100 --> 00:26:51,966
health, with the idea that in

745
00:26:51,966 --> 00:26:53,866
the future we will have more

746
00:26:53,866 --> 00:26:55,833
personalized diets and

747
00:26:55,833 --> 00:26:58,300
functional foods, nutraceuticals

748
00:26:58,300 --> 00:27:00,600
and the like.

749
00:27:00,600 --> 00:27:02,600
And another aspect relates not

750
00:27:02,600 --> 00:27:04,533
only to human health but animal

751
00:27:04,533 --> 00:27:06,633
health and how these areas

752
00:27:06,633 --> 00:27:09,100
intersect, especially diseases

753
00:27:09,100 --> 00:27:12,833
that can have a reservoir in

754
00:27:12,833 --> 00:27:15,300
animal populations and cross

755
00:27:15,300 --> 00:27:22,866
over into humans.

756
00:27:22,866 --> 00:27:25,133
A third area that is a newer

757
00:27:25,133 --> 00:27:28,633
emphasis is bioenergy.

758
00:27:28,633 --> 00:27:31,600
Probably, I'll bet that this

759
00:27:31,600 --> 00:27:33,666
group has, in the past, had an

760
00:27:33,666 --> 00:27:35,266
opportunity to hear about

761
00:27:35,266 --> 00:27:36,966
bioenergy research that happens

762
00:27:36,966 --> 00:27:38,566
on campus.

763
00:27:38,566 --> 00:27:40,566
We're very proud of the advances

764
00:27:40,566 --> 00:27:42,533
that we're making here,

765
00:27:42,533 --> 00:27:44,400
particularly in the area of

766
00:27:44,400 --> 00:27:47,033
using biomass or plant materials

767
00:27:47,033 --> 00:27:49,466
and waste materials to create

768
00:27:49,466 --> 00:27:52,000
new energy sources.

769
00:27:52,000 --> 00:27:54,233
And this is something that

770
00:27:54,233 --> 00:27:56,000
really sent us back to the

771
00:27:56,000 --> 00:27:57,666
drawing board because, of

772
00:27:57,666 --> 00:27:59,666
course, we've raised, as humans,

773
00:27:59,666 --> 00:28:02,333
we've raised crops for millennia

774
00:28:02,333 --> 00:28:05,466
for consumption and for fiber.

775
00:28:05,466 --> 00:28:08,500
We've used them for energy in

776
00:28:08,500 --> 00:28:10,466
the sense of burning them, but

777
00:28:10,466 --> 00:28:13,933
to be able to create crops that

778
00:28:13,933 --> 00:28:16,166
we will harvest energy from to

779
00:28:16,166 --> 00:28:18,033
produce, for example, a liquid

780
00:28:18,033 --> 00:28:19,800
fuel that you can burn in your

781
00:28:19,800 --> 00:28:21,566
car or use for other purposes is

782
00:28:21,566 --> 00:28:23,100
new.

783
00:28:23,100 --> 00:28:25,066
And this sent us back to learn

784
00:28:25,066 --> 00:28:27,400
new things about how plants make

785
00:28:27,400 --> 00:28:30,633
biomass as well as how microbes

786
00:28:30,633 --> 00:28:33,200
can help degrade it and turn it

787
00:28:33,200 --> 00:28:35,600
into new things.

788
00:28:35,600 --> 00:28:37,700
Not only energy is important,

789
00:28:37,700 --> 00:28:40,266
but using renewable sources,

790
00:28:40,266 --> 00:28:42,600
such as biomass, is another

791
00:28:42,600 --> 00:28:46,133
objective is to create new

792
00:28:46,133 --> 00:28:49,200
products from those materials.

793
00:28:49,200 --> 00:28:51,333
And we're also looking at animal

794
00:28:51,333 --> 00:28:55,000
waste and parts of animals that

795
00:28:55,000 --> 00:28:57,500
we don't consume, that we don't

796
00:28:57,500 --> 00:28:59,533
eat, for creating new

797
00:28:59,533 --> 00:29:01,600
bioproducts that will influence

798
00:29:01,600 --> 00:29:04,700
health and for other uses.

799
00:29:08,000 --> 00:29:09,533
Fostering healthy ecosystems is

800
00:29:09,533 --> 00:29:12,433
really important, obviously.

801
00:29:12,433 --> 00:29:14,566
Our ecosystems provide us with a

802
00:29:14,566 --> 00:29:16,100
lot.

803
00:29:16,100 --> 00:29:17,400
Not only products, but what we

804
00:29:17,400 --> 00:29:19,900
call ecosystem services, such as

805
00:29:19,900 --> 00:29:23,266
cleaning water, managing floods,

806
00:29:23,266 --> 00:29:25,400
as wildlife habitat, recreation,

807
00:29:25,400 --> 00:29:27,266
and so on.

808
00:29:27,266 --> 00:29:29,166
And sometimes these different

809
00:29:29,166 --> 00:29:30,733
objectives for using a landscape

810
00:29:30,733 --> 00:29:32,966
come into conflict.

811
00:29:32,966 --> 00:29:35,866
Competing demands of this sort

812
00:29:35,866 --> 00:29:37,966
are going to become even more

813
00:29:37,966 --> 00:29:39,700
intense as the population

814
00:29:39,700 --> 00:29:41,666
continues to grow.

815
00:29:41,666 --> 00:29:43,933
So, our goal, really, is to go

816
00:29:43,933 --> 00:29:46,133
beyond conservation, beyond

817
00:29:46,133 --> 00:29:48,333
sustaining current environmental

818
00:29:48,333 --> 00:29:50,233
quality towards a more resilient

819
00:29:50,233 --> 00:29:52,133
future.

820
00:29:52,133 --> 00:29:54,000
And the goal is that we need to

821
00:29:54,000 --> 00:29:55,700
understand the interactions

822
00:29:55,700 --> 00:29:57,733
among all of these functions and

823
00:29:57,733 --> 00:30:00,233
also create new inventive

824
00:30:00,233 --> 00:30:02,666
technologies that will foster

825
00:30:02,666 --> 00:30:05,033
innovative management systems

826
00:30:05,033 --> 00:30:07,133
for ecosystems as well as

827
00:30:07,133 --> 00:30:09,433
appropriate policies and

828
00:30:09,433 --> 00:30:12,366
economic opportunities.

829
00:30:16,166 --> 00:30:17,900
I think we're up to the fifth

830
00:30:17,900 --> 00:30:20,200
one now, and that is related to

831
00:30:20,200 --> 00:30:22,600
climate change.

832
00:30:22,600 --> 00:30:26,533
Our goals here are to mitigate

833
00:30:26,533 --> 00:30:28,100
the effects of climate change

834
00:30:28,100 --> 00:30:30,800
and also to adapt to them.

835
00:30:30,800 --> 00:30:33,333
We anticipate that this is going

836
00:30:33,333 --> 00:30:35,500
to become an increasingly

837
00:30:35,500 --> 00:30:37,333
important theme in the coming

838
00:30:37,333 --> 00:30:39,633
decades and that we need to find

839
00:30:39,633 --> 00:30:43,866
a way to have robust solutions

840
00:30:43,866 --> 00:30:47,266
to erratic weather patterns and

841
00:30:47,266 --> 00:30:50,000
general warming of the climate.

842
00:30:50,000 --> 00:30:52,133
The kinds of problems that we

843
00:30:52,133 --> 00:30:54,566
expect to deal with are extreme

844
00:30:54,566 --> 00:30:58,100
weather events, drought in some

845
00:30:58,100 --> 00:31:00,066
cases, warming temperatures, but

846
00:31:00,066 --> 00:31:03,533
also changes in interactions

847
00:31:03,533 --> 00:31:06,100
among organisms with new pests

848
00:31:06,100 --> 00:31:08,333
and pathogens coming into our

849
00:31:08,333 --> 00:31:10,633
area.

850
00:31:10,633 --> 00:31:13,033
So these are our many

851
00:31:13,033 --> 00:31:14,766
challenges, and we're already at

852
00:31:14,766 --> 00:31:17,833
work on these areas.

853
00:31:17,833 --> 00:31:20,166
Finally, as a life scientist,

854
00:31:20,166 --> 00:31:21,900
sometimes I have to be reminded

855
00:31:21,900 --> 00:31:23,666
to not forget the social

856
00:31:23,666 --> 00:31:26,000
sciences, but we also have to be

857
00:31:26,000 --> 00:31:28,133
thinking about how all of these

858
00:31:28,133 --> 00:31:30,633
areas impact our community

859
00:31:30,633 --> 00:31:33,266
health and economic development.

860
00:31:33,266 --> 00:31:35,366
We need to ensure healthy local

861
00:31:35,366 --> 00:31:37,533
economies and prosperous stable

862
00:31:37,533 --> 00:31:39,766
communities, and this requires

863
00:31:39,766 --> 00:31:41,633
understanding both their

864
00:31:41,633 --> 00:31:43,600
internal dynamics and the nature

865
00:31:43,600 --> 00:31:45,366
of their interactions with

866
00:31:45,366 --> 00:31:47,733
national and global systems.

867
00:31:47,733 --> 00:31:49,766
So, this kind of understanding

868
00:31:49,766 --> 00:31:51,533
is the foundation for good

869
00:31:51,533 --> 00:31:53,400
policy advice at community,

870
00:31:53,400 --> 00:31:56,066
state, and national levels.

871
00:31:58,366 --> 00:31:59,866
So, the next steps, we still

872
00:31:59,866 --> 00:32:03,466
have quite a bit of work to do.

873
00:32:03,466 --> 00:32:05,400
A next step will be beginning to

874
00:32:05,400 --> 00:32:07,633
implement these ideas in the

875
00:32:07,633 --> 00:32:10,233
college.

876
00:32:10,233 --> 00:32:12,000
One of the very next steps will

877
00:32:12,000 --> 00:32:13,833
be to have our academic programs

878
00:32:13,833 --> 00:32:15,866
and departments map their

879
00:32:15,866 --> 00:32:17,600
current activities to our

880
00:32:17,600 --> 00:32:19,900
priority themes.

881
00:32:19,900 --> 00:32:21,733
And we are now undertaking

882
00:32:21,733 --> 00:32:23,333
planning for our educational

883
00:32:23,333 --> 00:32:25,100
mission.

884
00:32:25,100 --> 00:32:27,200
What programs we want to grow,

885
00:32:27,200 --> 00:32:28,833
new opportunities, and, of

886
00:32:28,833 --> 00:32:31,233
course, new innovative

887
00:32:31,233 --> 00:32:34,966
approaches to training students.

888
00:32:34,966 --> 00:32:37,366
So, why does all of this matter?

889
00:32:37,366 --> 00:32:39,366
Well, we want to inspire the

890
00:32:39,366 --> 00:32:41,533
next generation of citizens and

891
00:32:41,533 --> 00:32:43,333
scientists.

892
00:32:43,333 --> 00:32:45,400
We want to ensure a healthier

893
00:32:45,400 --> 00:32:47,500
future for our ecosystems and

894
00:32:47,500 --> 00:32:49,733
for humans and the planet in

895
00:32:49,733 --> 00:32:53,000
general by our science and by

896
00:32:53,000 --> 00:32:55,166
training this next generation of

897
00:32:55,166 --> 00:32:57,200
problem solvers.

898
00:32:57,200 --> 00:32:58,466
And we think that solutions are

899
00:32:58,466 --> 00:33:00,500
best identified by cooperation

900
00:33:00,500 --> 00:33:02,500
and collaboration.

901
00:33:02,500 --> 00:33:04,733
We need to ensure that our

902
00:33:04,733 --> 00:33:06,966
structure and the way we use our

903
00:33:06,966 --> 00:33:10,000
resources best allows for that

904
00:33:10,000 --> 00:33:13,666
and even encourages creativity.

905
00:33:13,666 --> 00:33:15,366
So, by being purposeful in

906
00:33:15,366 --> 00:33:18,333
planning, we are all pulling in

907
00:33:18,333 --> 00:33:21,800
the same direction.

908
00:33:21,800 --> 00:33:23,133
So, I want to thank you for your

909
00:33:23,133 --> 00:33:25,400
attention this afternoon.

910
00:33:25,400 --> 00:33:27,033
I've been very pleased to be

911
00:33:27,033 --> 00:33:28,466
here, and thanks for listening

912
00:33:28,466 --> 00:33:31,266
to my talk.

913
00:33:31,266 --> 00:33:32,866
Thank you very much.

914
00:33:32,866 --> 00:33:34,866
[APPLAUSE]