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cc

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>> One would think, given the

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popularity of the self-declared

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greatest architect

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of the 20th century, the study

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of Frank Lloyd Wright,

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the man and his prolific output,

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would be on the decline.

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And yet, what I call Wright

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studies is a flourishing field.

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A recent conference I attended

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in Mason City, Iowa, attracted

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several hundred homeowners,

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Wright enthusiasts, and scholars

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of Wright's architecture to

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visit several Wright buildings

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and numerous others by his

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followers in this quite rural

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part of north central Iowa.

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Today's panel shows the

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continued vitality of Wright's

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studies and offers us new

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avenues of investigation into

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the master's life and output.

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Ron McCrea's new book,

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"Building Taliesin:

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Frank Lloyd Wright's Home

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of Love and Loss," contains

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previously unpublished photos of

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Taliesin's construction and new

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information about Wright's

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creative partnership with his

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lover Mamah Borthwick.

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Sarah Leavitt's book, "Taliesin

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Diary: A Year With Frank Lloyd

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Wright," meanwhile, brings us

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the diary of Priscilla Henken,

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member of Frank Lloyd Wright's

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architectural colony known as

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the Fellowship and provides

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invaluable insights into

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architectural practice in the

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20th century and the cultural

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history of the period in

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general.

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We're also very pleased for

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today's panel to have three

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members of the Henken family

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here to comment on Leavitt's

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work and experiences with Wright

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and the Fellowship.

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Through this panel, then, we'll

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have new insights into Wright

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and his work, reminding us that

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there's ever more to know about

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out architectural native son.

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For the introductions today,

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I will ask a distinguished guest

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to kick us off by introducing

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Ron McCrea, and then I will

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introduce the other panelists

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in this session.

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So, if I may ask Tony Earl to

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please join us at the podium

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to introduce Ron McCrea.

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[APPLAUSE]

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>> Thank you very much.

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First of all, I want to say

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to Ron what an honor and a

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privilege it is to be asked to

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participate in this event.

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I've known Ron for a number of

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years, and I've known him to be

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committed almost to the point

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of being obsessive

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about Frank Lloyd Wright.

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And, for my own part, like

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anybody's who's lived in

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Wisconsin for more than

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10-15 years, I have

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a Frank Lloyd Wright story,

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and it fits, I hope.

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My late friend, and it involves

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two other Wisconsin icons,

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Marshall Erdman

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and Gaylord Nelson.

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And Gaylord used to love to tell

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a story that when he was a

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struggling young lawyer and

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Marshall was a struggling young

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builder, they were best of pals.

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Marshall called him one day and

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said, Gaylord, I got the break

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of my life.

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What is that, Marshall?

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He said, I'm going to build a

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Unitarian church for Frank Lloyd

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Wright; it will make my name.

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Of course, he was going to get

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commission because nobody else

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would work for Mr. Wright at

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that time.

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[LAUGHTER]

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And he said, I want you to come

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out to Taliesin with me and

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help me draw the contract.

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Gaylord said, boy, I'd be

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delighted; I'd love to meet the

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man.

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So, on a given day, Marshall and

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Gaylord drove out to Taliesin,

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marched up to the door, knocked

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on the door, Mr. Wright appeared

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imperiously in his cape, and he

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said who's this with you,

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Erdman?

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And Marshall said, well, this is

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my friend, a lawyer, Gaylord

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Nelson; he's going to help us

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write the contract, Mr. Wright.

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And Frank Lloyd Wright said,

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dismiss the scrivener.

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[LAUGHTER]

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Now, if Mr. Wright had had

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a chance to read Ron McCrea's

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book, he would never say dismiss

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the scrivener about this book.

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It's a lovely book.

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It is a terrific book.

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I am a Luddite.

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I don't like electronic books.

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This book wouldn't work

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electronically.

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It's got to be on your lap.

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Beautiful photos,

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beautiful dedication to Elaine.

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It is a book that is clearly

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lovingly written,

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beautifully written, and

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although I fancy myself to know

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a bit about Frank Lloyd Wright,

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I learned a hell of a lot more.

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And this book is a delight

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for anyone who loves books.

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The tactile sensation.

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The visual sensation.

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The intellectual stimulation.

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This is a book for book lovers,

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and the guy who is responsible

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for it is my good friend

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Ron McCrea.

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[APPLAUSE]

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>> It's nice to have you

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having my back for a change.

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[LAUGHTER]

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I'm so pleased to be here

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and privileged to be introduced

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by one of my great Wisconsin

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heroes as well as friends,

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Tony Earl.

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And I want to say for a moment

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here that it was 30 years ago

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this Election Day that Wisconsin

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elected Anthony Scully Earl

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our governor.

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[APPLAUSE]

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He was faced with a situation,

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there was a fiscal cliff in

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front of him, too, at the time,

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but he took quite a different

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approach from our current

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governor.

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He did very much what the

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president is proposing to do now

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nationally, and it really worked

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for Wisconsin.

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Four years after he took office,

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Wisconsin was in the black

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and out of deficit.

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He did it by raising,

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temporarily putting a surcharge

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on the income tax

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based on the ability to pay.

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He increased the sales tax by a

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penny for tax and consumption.

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He also froze state employee pay

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for one year, including,

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notably, the faculty and staff

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of the University System which

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was highly unpleased with this,

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but it was fair, it was shared

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pain, and it did not destroy the

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traditions or institutions of

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Wisconsin, and it left it

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stronger at the end.

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He also did some very creative

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appointments.

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He appointed a lot of women

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to the bench,

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and he appointed minorities.

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He appointed a very diverse

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number of people.

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And I think that one of the most

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interesting appointments,

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other than my own...

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[LAUGHTER]

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That he made was the hire

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of a young intern in constituent

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relations.

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And her name was Tammy Baldwin.

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[APPLAUSE]

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And so, this man gave that woman

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her start in public service

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30 years ago.

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And we honor him for that.

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We honor her, and I want to say

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as we go back to Taliesin I

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a hundred years ago, that there

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was another election in

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Wisconsin a hundred years ago

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when the presidential ballot

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included Woodrow Wilson,

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William Howard Taft,

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Theodore Roosevelt,

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and Eugene V. Debs.

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Quite a ticket.

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[LAUGHTER]

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But only men could vote, and

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there was a statewide referendum

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on the ballot of 1912 asking

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the voters of Wisconsin whether

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women should have the vote.

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And it was defeated 2-1.

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And so I think it's very

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symmetrical that a hundred years

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after Wisconsin defeated women's

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right to vote we have elected

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our first woman to the Senate

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of the United States.

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[APPLAUSE]

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We are a two-book session today,

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and I'm going to try to keep

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mine much more brief than

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I would like because there's

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a lot to talk about.

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We are kind of looking at a tale

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of two Taliesins here,

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and they're very different.

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Mine is sort of the creation

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story.

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I'm calling my book,

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I refer to it as Taliesin's

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Book of Genesis, because it is

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the creation story,

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and to some degree it's a book

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of Revelation as well.

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[LAUGHTER]

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And I often like to say,

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luckily for Taliesin,

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there was no book of Leviticus.

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[LAUGHTER]

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In any event,

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this is the Book of Genesis.

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It's a creation story.

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And Taliesin I, which was

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conceived in Italy in 1910 and

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destroyed in the summer of 1914,

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a very small window of time, it

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lived for a very short career,

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but it was a very brilliant

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career and there's very little

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that's been known about it until

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recent times when new

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photographs have surface and new

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letters have surfaced that

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allowed me to mine the letters

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for references and learn a great

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deal more about the daily life

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of Taliesin I for the first

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time.

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And the Taliesin we're looking

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at, let me just see if I can

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start this.

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Oh, that's me in 1987 when I was

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starting my Taliesin studies.

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That's the bird walk off of

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Taliesin.

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That was just after Tony and I

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both left office and left it to

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Tommy Thompson and let us have

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00:09:31,000 --> 00:09:33,000
just a moment of schadenfreude.

292
00:09:33,000 --> 00:09:39,000
[LAUGHTER]

293
00:09:39,000 --> 00:09:41,000
All right, and this is

294
00:09:41,000 --> 00:09:44,000
a wonderful photo of Taliesin

295
00:09:44,000 --> 00:09:46,000
as it is today.

296
00:09:46,000 --> 00:09:47,000
This is Taliesin III.

297
00:09:47,000 --> 00:09:49,000
One of the things I like to

298
00:09:49,000 --> 00:09:50,000
point out about this photograph

299
00:09:50,000 --> 00:09:52,000
is that there's no development

300
00:09:52,000 --> 00:09:53,000
around it.

301
00:09:53,000 --> 00:09:54,000
And if you could imagine

302
00:09:54,000 --> 00:09:56,000
Taliesin with development of

303
00:09:56,000 --> 00:09:57,000
strip malls and big mansions on

304
00:09:57,000 --> 00:09:58,000
those hills, it would lose a

305
00:09:58,000 --> 00:10:00,000
great deal of its, what Wright

306
00:10:00,000 --> 00:10:01,000
would call, spell power.

307
00:10:01,000 --> 00:10:02,000
But you can also see that

308
00:10:02,000 --> 00:10:04,000
Taliesin is not just buildings.

309
00:10:04,000 --> 00:10:06,000
It is a full composition.

310
00:10:06,000 --> 00:10:07,000
It's a composition that includes

311
00:10:07,000 --> 00:10:09,000
land and buildings, and, in

312
00:10:09,000 --> 00:10:11,000
fact, nature may be even more

313
00:10:11,000 --> 00:10:13,000
important than the buildings.

314
00:10:13,000 --> 00:10:15,000
And here's another one taken

315
00:10:15,000 --> 00:10:17,000
from the rear, over the rear

316
00:10:17,000 --> 00:10:19,000
looking toward the Wisconsin

317
00:10:19,000 --> 00:10:20,000
River that shows Taliesin.

318
00:10:20,000 --> 00:10:23,000
Unfortunately, the crown of the

319
00:10:23,000 --> 00:10:25,000
hill now is bare of those

320
00:10:25,000 --> 00:10:27,000
wonderful oak trees that meant

321
00:10:27,000 --> 00:10:28,000
so much.

322
00:10:28,000 --> 00:10:31,000
The Taliesin, I'll try not to do

323
00:10:31,000 --> 00:10:33,000
this, the Taliesin that we're

324
00:10:33,000 --> 00:10:36,000
discussing today is one

325
00:10:36,000 --> 00:10:39,000
that was about half the size

326
00:10:39,000 --> 00:10:41,000
of Taliesin III, the Taliesin

327
00:10:41,000 --> 00:10:43,000
that the Henkens experienced.

328
00:10:43,000 --> 00:10:44,000
It was smaller.

329
00:10:44,000 --> 00:10:46,000
It was more intimate.

330
00:10:46,000 --> 00:10:48,000
The hillside, which in

331
00:10:48,000 --> 00:10:49,000
Taliesin III was the School of

332
00:10:49,000 --> 00:10:52,000
Architecture, it had a movie

333
00:10:52,000 --> 00:10:55,000
theater, it had dormitories,

334
00:10:55,000 --> 00:10:57,000
and this time it was still a

335
00:10:57,000 --> 00:10:59,000
hillside home school and it was

336
00:10:59,000 --> 00:11:01,000
a boarding school run by

337
00:11:01,000 --> 00:11:03,000
Wright's aunts.

338
00:11:03,000 --> 00:11:05,000
And this is the time of horses

339
00:11:05,000 --> 00:11:07,000
and buggies and hand tools, and

340
00:11:07,000 --> 00:11:08,000
Taliesin was built very rapidly

341
00:11:08,000 --> 00:11:11,000
between the spring of 1911 and

342
00:11:11,000 --> 00:11:16,000
the spring of 1912.

343
00:11:16,000 --> 00:11:18,000
But, basically, the basic

344
00:11:18,000 --> 00:11:19,000
construction work was all done

345
00:11:19,000 --> 00:11:22,000
in the spring and summer using

346
00:11:22,000 --> 00:11:24,000
teams of horses and quarrying

347
00:11:24,000 --> 00:11:25,000
rock and using natural

348
00:11:25,000 --> 00:11:27,000
materials, and it must have been

349
00:11:27,000 --> 00:11:29,000
quite something to see.

350
00:11:29,000 --> 00:11:33,000
And it took its inspiration from

351
00:11:33,000 --> 00:11:36,000
a villa in Italy.

352
00:11:36,000 --> 00:11:38,000
This is our, let me introduce

353
00:11:38,000 --> 00:11:40,000
our couple.

354
00:11:40,000 --> 00:11:41,000
This is Frank Lloyd Wright, age

355
00:11:41,000 --> 00:11:43,000
about 38-39.

356
00:11:43,000 --> 00:11:45,000
That's the other thing, Wright

357
00:11:45,000 --> 00:11:47,000
is a much younger man in my

358
00:11:47,000 --> 00:11:48,000
book.

359
00:11:48,000 --> 00:11:50,000
He's a much more sensitive and

360
00:11:50,000 --> 00:11:51,000
gentle man, I think, in this

361
00:11:51,000 --> 00:11:53,000
time.

362
00:11:53,000 --> 00:11:54,000
This is the woman

363
00:11:54,000 --> 00:11:56,000
for whom Taliesin was built.

364
00:11:56,000 --> 00:11:57,000
And this is the first time

365
00:11:57,000 --> 00:11:59,000
this photograph has been seen.

366
00:11:59,000 --> 00:12:00,000
I was able to find it recently

367
00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:03,000
in Sweden at the home

368
00:12:03,000 --> 00:12:04,000
of Ellen Key.

369
00:12:04,000 --> 00:12:07,000
It turned out that Wright

370
00:12:07,000 --> 00:12:09,000
mentions sending a photograph, a

371
00:12:09,000 --> 00:12:11,000
portrait of Mamah, to Ellen Key

372
00:12:11,000 --> 00:12:14,000
in December of 1914 that was

373
00:12:14,000 --> 00:12:15,000
taken as a birthday present to

374
00:12:15,000 --> 00:12:20,000
him in that summer of 1914.

375
00:12:20,000 --> 00:12:23,000
And there were mentions of this

376
00:12:23,000 --> 00:12:26,000
photograph in letters, but it

377
00:12:26,000 --> 00:12:29,000
was not in the archive.

378
00:12:29,000 --> 00:12:31,000
So I simply asked the people,

379
00:12:31,000 --> 00:12:33,000
do you have any pictures

380
00:12:33,000 --> 00:12:34,000
of Mamah Borthwick?

381
00:12:34,000 --> 00:12:36,000
Are there any in photo albums?

382
00:12:36,000 --> 00:12:37,000
And they said, oh, yeah, here

383
00:12:37,000 --> 00:12:38,000
they are.

384
00:12:38,000 --> 00:12:40,000
[LAUGHTER]

385
00:12:40,000 --> 00:12:43,000
It's like, who knew?

386
00:12:43,000 --> 00:12:45,000
And that's one of the important

387
00:12:45,000 --> 00:12:47,000
things about Wright studies that

388
00:12:47,000 --> 00:12:48,000
I've found in the modern age

389
00:12:48,000 --> 00:12:50,000
with the Internet is asking

390
00:12:50,000 --> 00:12:52,000
the right questions,

391
00:12:52,000 --> 00:12:53,000
and asking questions

392
00:12:53,000 --> 00:12:56,000
makes all the difference.

393
00:12:56,000 --> 00:12:59,000
This is their view in Italy in

394
00:12:59,000 --> 00:13:03,000
the summer of 1910.

395
00:13:03,000 --> 00:13:05,000
This is my photograph of it.

396
00:13:05,000 --> 00:13:08,000
But they were in Europe from the

397
00:13:08,000 --> 00:13:10,000
fall of 1909 until the fall of

398
00:13:10,000 --> 00:13:13,000
1910.

399
00:13:13,000 --> 00:13:15,000
And Wright wrote to a friend of

400
00:13:15,000 --> 00:13:17,000
his, Charles Ashbee, in England,

401
00:13:17,000 --> 00:13:18,000
"I have been very busy here in

402
00:13:18,000 --> 00:13:20,000
this little eyrie on the brow of

403
00:13:20,000 --> 00:13:21,000
the mountain above Fiesole,

404
00:13:21,000 --> 00:13:23,000
overlooking the pink and white

405
00:13:23,000 --> 00:13:25,000
Florence, spreading in the

406
00:13:25,000 --> 00:13:26,000
valley of the Arno below, the

407
00:13:26,000 --> 00:13:28,000
whole fertile bosom of the Earth

408
00:13:28,000 --> 00:13:29,000
seemingly lying in the drifting

409
00:13:29,000 --> 00:13:31,000
mists or shining clear and

410
00:13:31,000 --> 00:13:32,000
marvelous is this Italian

411
00:13:32,000 --> 00:13:34,000
sunshine, opalescent,

412
00:13:34,000 --> 00:13:37,000
iridescent."

413
00:13:37,000 --> 00:13:39,000
This is the place that they

414
00:13:39,000 --> 00:13:41,000
stayed called the Villino

415
00:13:41,000 --> 00:13:42,000
Belvedere, and it has a walled

416
00:13:42,000 --> 00:13:45,000
garden here.

417
00:13:45,000 --> 00:13:47,000
And the house actually goes down

418
00:13:47,000 --> 00:13:50,000
two stories.

419
00:13:50,000 --> 00:13:53,000
So, then on the right you can

420
00:13:53,000 --> 00:13:55,000
see this is the view overlooking

421
00:13:55,000 --> 00:13:58,000
Florence.

422
00:13:58,000 --> 00:14:00,000
This is another Italian seat

423
00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:03,000
near there.

424
00:14:03,000 --> 00:14:05,000
There was a Roman-Etruscan

425
00:14:05,000 --> 00:14:08,000
architectural park up on this

426
00:14:08,000 --> 00:14:11,000
hillside.

427
00:14:11,000 --> 00:14:14,000
This is Taylor Woolley, who was

428
00:14:14,000 --> 00:14:17,000
a young architectural draftsman

429
00:14:17,000 --> 00:14:20,000
from Salt Lake City who joined

430
00:14:20,000 --> 00:14:22,000
the Oak Park studio in 1908 and

431
00:14:22,000 --> 00:14:23,000
Wright trusted enough to bring

432
00:14:23,000 --> 00:14:25,000
him to Europe with him in 1909

433
00:14:25,000 --> 00:14:28,000
and '10 to work on the plates

434
00:14:28,000 --> 00:14:30,000
for what was called a Wasmuth

435
00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:32,000
portfolio, which was a hundred

436
00:14:32,000 --> 00:14:34,000
plates of his best work that was

437
00:14:34,000 --> 00:14:36,000
going to be published and sold

438
00:14:36,000 --> 00:14:37,000
in Europe and then the United

439
00:14:37,000 --> 00:14:39,000
States.

440
00:14:39,000 --> 00:14:41,000
And so he's wearing this smock

441
00:14:41,000 --> 00:14:42,000
to protect his clothing from the

442
00:14:42,000 --> 00:14:44,000
India ink that they were using

443
00:14:44,000 --> 00:14:47,000
to do the drawings on probably

444
00:14:47,000 --> 00:14:49,000
velum or linen paper.

445
00:14:49,000 --> 00:14:51,000
This is his picture of the

446
00:14:51,000 --> 00:14:53,000
studio.

447
00:14:53,000 --> 00:14:55,000
I personally think that in these

448
00:14:55,000 --> 00:14:56,000
you can see on the wall some of

449
00:14:56,000 --> 00:14:58,000
the floor plans of Wright

450
00:14:58,000 --> 00:14:59,000
houses.

451
00:14:59,000 --> 00:15:01,000
I've actually been able to

452
00:15:01,000 --> 00:15:02,000
identify them in the book, which

453
00:15:02,000 --> 00:15:04,000
ones they're working on.

454
00:15:04,000 --> 00:15:05,000
And I think, personally, that

455
00:15:05,000 --> 00:15:07,000
Taylor moved that plant into the

456
00:15:07,000 --> 00:15:08,000
middle just for aesthetic

457
00:15:08,000 --> 00:15:10,000
purposes.

458
00:15:10,000 --> 00:15:13,000
This is a picture of a place

459
00:15:13,000 --> 00:15:14,000
that Wright writes about in

460
00:15:14,000 --> 00:15:15,000
Italy.

461
00:15:15,000 --> 00:15:18,000
This is the little table set for

462
00:15:18,000 --> 00:15:20,000
two under a rose bower.

463
00:15:20,000 --> 00:15:21,000
It was a very idyllic time, and

464
00:15:21,000 --> 00:15:23,000
it was, I think, an unusual

465
00:15:23,000 --> 00:15:25,000
experience of living indoors and

466
00:15:25,000 --> 00:15:26,000
outdoors for him, and I think it

467
00:15:26,000 --> 00:15:28,000
was one that gave him a feeling

468
00:15:28,000 --> 00:15:30,000
for the sweet Italian lifestyle

469
00:15:30,000 --> 00:15:32,000
and one that he wanted to keep

470
00:15:32,000 --> 00:15:34,000
going with her back in the

471
00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:36,000
United States, and they had to

472
00:15:36,000 --> 00:15:39,000
figure out a way to return.

473
00:15:39,000 --> 00:15:41,000
Catherine was not allowing him

474
00:15:41,000 --> 00:15:43,000
to get a divorce.

475
00:15:43,000 --> 00:15:45,000
She considered and called Mamah

476
00:15:45,000 --> 00:15:46,000
a vampire.

477
00:15:46,000 --> 00:15:48,000
And so she felt that by refusing

478
00:15:48,000 --> 00:15:49,000
to allow him to free him from

479
00:15:49,000 --> 00:15:51,000
the marriage, she was saving his

480
00:15:51,000 --> 00:15:53,000
soul.

481
00:15:53,000 --> 00:15:55,000
And Mamah, on the other hand,

482
00:15:55,000 --> 00:15:57,000
had no trouble getting a divorce

483
00:15:57,000 --> 00:15:59,000
from her husband Edwin Cheney

484
00:15:59,000 --> 00:16:00,000
and did that a year after she

485
00:16:00,000 --> 00:16:02,000
returned, right after she

486
00:16:02,000 --> 00:16:04,000
returned.

487
00:16:04,000 --> 00:16:05,000
And so she was divorced when she

488
00:16:05,000 --> 00:16:07,000
moved in with Wright and he was

489
00:16:07,000 --> 00:16:08,000
not.

490
00:16:08,000 --> 00:16:13,000
And let me just tell you,

491
00:16:13,000 --> 00:16:15,000
this is Taylor Woolley and his

492
00:16:15,000 --> 00:16:18,000
friend from Salt Lake City,

493
00:16:18,000 --> 00:16:21,000
Clifford Evans.

494
00:16:21,000 --> 00:16:23,000
There Clifford is 22, Taylor is

495
00:16:23,000 --> 00:16:26,000
about 27 or 26 in this picture.

496
00:16:26,000 --> 00:16:28,000
They're putting stain on the

497
00:16:28,000 --> 00:16:31,000
studio wing of Taliesin I.

498
00:16:31,000 --> 00:16:34,000
And he came at Wright's request

499
00:16:34,000 --> 00:16:40,000
in the late summer/mid-September

500
00:16:40,000 --> 00:16:42,000
of 1911 and stayed through the

501
00:16:42,000 --> 00:16:44,000
next summer when he returned to

502
00:16:44,000 --> 00:16:46,000
Salt Lake City.

503
00:16:46,000 --> 00:16:48,000
And that is where he left his

504
00:16:48,000 --> 00:16:49,000
negatives for his photographs

505
00:16:49,000 --> 00:16:51,000
that I was able to uncover just

506
00:16:51,000 --> 00:16:53,000
about a year ago.

507
00:16:53,000 --> 00:16:54,000
Here is what Mamah Borthwick

508
00:16:54,000 --> 00:16:56,000
said upon coming to her new

509
00:16:56,000 --> 00:16:59,000
home.

510
00:16:59,000 --> 00:17:01,000
This is the kind of rough

511
00:17:01,000 --> 00:17:02,000
outside entrance to what people

512
00:17:02,000 --> 00:17:04,000
never called Taliesin at the

513
00:17:04,000 --> 00:17:05,000
time.

514
00:17:05,000 --> 00:17:08,000
They called it the bungalow.

515
00:17:08,000 --> 00:17:09,000
And look at this.

516
00:17:09,000 --> 00:17:11,000
This is probably about the kind

517
00:17:11,000 --> 00:17:12,000
of situation that Mamah found

518
00:17:12,000 --> 00:17:14,000
when she arrived.

519
00:17:14,000 --> 00:17:15,000
It's still quite dug up.

520
00:17:15,000 --> 00:17:17,000
There's channeling going on to

521
00:17:17,000 --> 00:17:19,000
put heating pipes under the

522
00:17:19,000 --> 00:17:21,000
place, and it's not really

523
00:17:21,000 --> 00:17:22,000
habitable yet.

524
00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:24,000
The windows are still open to

525
00:17:24,000 --> 00:17:25,000
the elements.

526
00:17:25,000 --> 00:17:27,000
And she wrote to her mentor in

527
00:17:27,000 --> 00:17:29,000
Sweden, Ellen Key, who was the

528
00:17:29,000 --> 00:17:31,000
author of many books on many

529
00:17:31,000 --> 00:17:34,000
subjects, including fine design

530
00:17:34,000 --> 00:17:36,000
and the design of useful objects

531
00:17:36,000 --> 00:17:38,000
for the home in the arts and

532
00:17:38,000 --> 00:17:41,000
crafts movement tradition.

533
00:17:41,000 --> 00:17:43,000
But she also wrote on marriage

534
00:17:43,000 --> 00:17:45,000
reform and divorce reform, and

535
00:17:45,000 --> 00:17:46,000
in the four years that Frank and

536
00:17:46,000 --> 00:17:48,000
Mamah were together, she

537
00:17:48,000 --> 00:17:49,000
translated and published four of

538
00:17:49,000 --> 00:17:51,000
her books in English.

539
00:17:51,000 --> 00:17:53,000
One by Putnam in New York and

540
00:17:53,000 --> 00:17:55,000
three in Chicago.

541
00:17:55,000 --> 00:17:56,000
Wright, at the same time, wrote

542
00:17:56,000 --> 00:17:58,000
the book, "The Japanese Print:

543
00:17:58,000 --> 00:18:00,000
An Interpretation," and opened a

544
00:18:00,000 --> 00:18:02,000
whole second career for himself

545
00:18:02,000 --> 00:18:04,000
as a dealer in Japanese art.

546
00:18:04,000 --> 00:18:07,000
It was a very creative,

547
00:18:07,000 --> 00:18:09,000
productive time that they had in

548
00:18:09,000 --> 00:18:10,000
the four summers they had at

549
00:18:10,000 --> 00:18:12,000
Taliesin.

550
00:18:12,000 --> 00:18:15,000
So, her first report from

551
00:18:15,000 --> 00:18:17,000
Taliesin, she says, and I think

552
00:18:17,000 --> 00:18:19,000
she probably had been questioned

553
00:18:19,000 --> 00:18:23,000
by Ellen Key about taking up

554
00:18:23,000 --> 00:18:24,000
with a married man, and she

555
00:18:24,000 --> 00:18:27,000
says, "I have, as you hoped,

556
00:18:27,000 --> 00:18:28,000
made a choice in harmony with my

557
00:18:28,000 --> 00:18:30,000
own soul, the choice as far as

558
00:18:30,000 --> 00:18:32,000
my own life was concerned was

559
00:18:32,000 --> 00:18:34,000
made long ago, that is absolute

560
00:18:34,000 --> 00:18:35,000
separation from Mr. Cheney.

561
00:18:35,000 --> 00:18:36,000
A divorce was obtained last

562
00:18:36,000 --> 00:18:38,000
summer, and my maiden name is

563
00:18:38,000 --> 00:18:40,000
now legally mine.

564
00:18:40,000 --> 00:18:41,000
Also, I have since made a choice

565
00:18:41,000 --> 00:18:43,000
in harmony with my own soul and

566
00:18:43,000 --> 00:18:45,000
what I believe to be Frank

567
00:18:45,000 --> 00:18:46,000
Wright's happiness and am now

568
00:18:46,000 --> 00:18:48,000
keeping his house for him.

569
00:18:48,000 --> 00:18:50,000
In this very beautiful hillside,

570
00:18:50,000 --> 00:18:51,000
as beautiful in its way as the

571
00:18:51,000 --> 00:18:53,000
country about Strand," which is

572
00:18:53,000 --> 00:18:55,000
the name of Ellen Key's house on

573
00:18:55,000 --> 00:18:57,000
a lake in Sweden, "He's been

574
00:18:57,000 --> 00:18:59,000
building a summer house, and

575
00:18:59,000 --> 00:19:01,000
it's interesting she says a

576
00:19:01,000 --> 00:19:02,000
summer house suggesting there

577
00:19:02,000 --> 00:19:03,000
might have been a winter

578
00:19:03,000 --> 00:19:05,000
residence, perhaps in the city

579
00:19:05,000 --> 00:19:07,000
or townhouse, also planned, and

580
00:19:07,000 --> 00:19:08,000
there was a plan for a townhouse

581
00:19:08,000 --> 00:19:11,000
on the north shore of Chicago.

582
00:19:11,000 --> 00:19:12,000
The combination of site and

583
00:19:12,000 --> 00:19:14,000
dwelling, the most beautiful

584
00:19:14,000 --> 00:19:15,000
I have seen any place in the

585
00:19:15,000 --> 00:19:17,000
world.

586
00:19:17,000 --> 00:19:18,000
We are hoping to have some

587
00:19:18,000 --> 00:19:20,000
photographs to send you soon.

588
00:19:20,000 --> 00:19:22,000
I believe it is a house founded

589
00:19:22,000 --> 00:19:24,000
on Ellen Key's ideal of love.

590
00:19:24,000 --> 00:19:25,000
The nearest neighbor, a half a

591
00:19:25,000 --> 00:19:27,000
mile away, is Frank's sister

592
00:19:27,000 --> 00:19:28,000
where I visited when I first

593
00:19:28,000 --> 00:19:29,000
came here.

594
00:19:29,000 --> 00:19:31,000
She has championed our love most

595
00:19:31,000 --> 00:19:32,000
loyally, believing in her

596
00:19:32,000 --> 00:19:34,000
brother's happiness."

597
00:19:34,000 --> 00:19:36,000
And this is Jane Porter, and

598
00:19:36,000 --> 00:19:37,000
what that means is that she

599
00:19:37,000 --> 00:19:39,000
arrived at Taliesin but couldn't

600
00:19:39,000 --> 00:19:41,000
live there, so she moved in with

601
00:19:41,000 --> 00:19:42,000
Jane and her family which is on

602
00:19:42,000 --> 00:19:44,000
the grounds at a place called

603
00:19:44,000 --> 00:19:46,000
Taney Dairy which Wright

604
00:19:46,000 --> 00:19:48,000
designed in 1906 for his sister.

605
00:19:48,000 --> 00:19:50,000
In fact, all of the commissions

606
00:19:50,000 --> 00:19:51,000
in the valley were designed by

607
00:19:51,000 --> 00:19:54,000
Wright for women, including his

608
00:19:54,000 --> 00:19:55,000
aunts.

609
00:19:55,000 --> 00:19:57,000
I have thus far been very busy

610
00:19:57,000 --> 00:19:59,000
with the unfinished house and

611
00:19:59,000 --> 00:20:01,000
because of the fact that workmen

612
00:20:01,000 --> 00:20:02,000
were boarded here in a nearby

613
00:20:02,000 --> 00:20:04,000
farmhouse, sometimes as many as

614
00:20:04,000 --> 00:20:06,000
36 at a time.

615
00:20:06,000 --> 00:20:08,000
Mr. Wright's sister has looked

616
00:20:08,000 --> 00:20:09,000
after this all summer, but when

617
00:20:09,000 --> 00:20:11,000
I came, it was turned over to

618
00:20:11,000 --> 00:20:13,000
me, and I've done very little of

619
00:20:13,000 --> 00:20:14,000
your translation work in

620
00:20:14,000 --> 00:20:16,000
consequence of the building.

621
00:20:16,000 --> 00:20:17,000
The house is now, however,

622
00:20:17,000 --> 00:20:19,000
practically finished and my time

623
00:20:19,000 --> 00:20:21,000
again free.

624
00:20:21,000 --> 00:20:22,000
Mr. Wright has his studio

625
00:20:22,000 --> 00:20:23,000
incorporated into the house, and

626
00:20:23,000 --> 00:20:25,000
we both will be busy with our

627
00:20:25,000 --> 00:20:26,000
own work with absolutely no

628
00:20:26,000 --> 00:20:28,000
outside interests on my part.

629
00:20:28,000 --> 00:20:30,000
My children I hope to have at

630
00:20:30,000 --> 00:20:31,000
times, but that cannot be just

631
00:20:31,000 --> 00:20:33,000
yet.

632
00:20:33,000 --> 00:20:34,000
And so, this is what she found,

633
00:20:34,000 --> 00:20:36,000
and listen to this.

634
00:20:36,000 --> 00:20:38,000
This is a suburban Illinois

635
00:20:38,000 --> 00:20:42,000
housewife with servants.

636
00:20:42,000 --> 00:20:43,000
There were two servants in the

637
00:20:43,000 --> 00:20:44,000
Cheney household.

638
00:20:44,000 --> 00:20:46,000
And suddenly she has turned into

639
00:20:46,000 --> 00:20:47,000
the construction crew cook

640
00:20:47,000 --> 00:20:49,000
arriving at Taliesin, which I

641
00:20:49,000 --> 00:20:51,000
think is kind of maybe the same

642
00:20:51,000 --> 00:20:52,000
sort of boot camp experience

643
00:20:52,000 --> 00:20:53,000
that the Henkens found when they

644
00:20:53,000 --> 00:20:55,000
arrived.

645
00:20:55,000 --> 00:20:58,000
Here's another, I call these

646
00:20:58,000 --> 00:21:00,000
pictures sweating brow because

647
00:21:00,000 --> 00:21:03,000
they're very...

648
00:21:03,000 --> 00:21:07,000
Here's the work crew, and this

649
00:21:07,000 --> 00:21:10,000
is Clifford again, standing and

650
00:21:10,000 --> 00:21:13,000
looking kind of preppy in the

651
00:21:13,000 --> 00:21:16,000
middle there.

652
00:21:16,000 --> 00:21:18,000
This is a little more cleaned

653
00:21:18,000 --> 00:21:19,000
up, and now the courtyard is

654
00:21:19,000 --> 00:21:21,000
taking shape.

655
00:21:21,000 --> 00:21:22,000
The statue there is called

656
00:21:22,000 --> 00:21:24,000
Flower in the Crannied Wall.

657
00:21:24,000 --> 00:21:26,000
It was a copy of one done for

658
00:21:26,000 --> 00:21:27,000
another woman client from

659
00:21:27,000 --> 00:21:29,000
Springfield, Illinois,

660
00:21:29,000 --> 00:21:30,000
Susan Dana.

661
00:21:30,000 --> 00:21:33,000
But if you notice here, it's

662
00:21:33,000 --> 00:21:35,000
still just a dirt path up the

663
00:21:35,000 --> 00:21:37,000
hill to what would become the

664
00:21:37,000 --> 00:21:39,000
tea circle.

665
00:21:39,000 --> 00:21:41,000
And later this would have stones

666
00:21:41,000 --> 00:21:43,000
and a stone circle and be much

667
00:21:43,000 --> 00:21:46,000
more developed.

668
00:21:46,000 --> 00:21:48,000
Now, this was a huge surprise

669
00:21:48,000 --> 00:21:49,000
when I saw this.

670
00:21:49,000 --> 00:21:51,000
This is a puppet theater.

671
00:21:51,000 --> 00:21:53,000
It's a puppet theater sitting in

672
00:21:53,000 --> 00:21:54,000
the unfinished living room of

673
00:21:54,000 --> 00:21:56,000
Taliesin that Wright has

674
00:21:56,000 --> 00:21:57,000
designed for his youngest son,

675
00:21:57,000 --> 00:21:59,000
Llewellyn, who was going to turn

676
00:21:59,000 --> 00:22:01,000
eight on November 15, 1911.

677
00:22:01,000 --> 00:22:04,000
So this is a very early picture.

678
00:22:04,000 --> 00:22:05,000
I knew what it was because there

679
00:22:05,000 --> 00:22:07,000
had been one other article with

680
00:22:07,000 --> 00:22:09,000
a picture from 1914 of this

681
00:22:09,000 --> 00:22:12,000
object, but we, until we saw

682
00:22:12,000 --> 00:22:13,000
this picture, we didn't know

683
00:22:13,000 --> 00:22:15,000
when and where it had been built

684
00:22:15,000 --> 00:22:18,000
And if you look at the scenery,

685
00:22:18,000 --> 00:22:21,000
it is an Italian scene.

686
00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:22,000
You can see the Cyprus trees in

687
00:22:22,000 --> 00:22:24,000
it.

688
00:22:24,000 --> 00:22:25,000
In fact, in one of the sketches

689
00:22:25,000 --> 00:22:27,000
it looks like there's a tower

690
00:22:27,000 --> 00:22:29,000
and a balcony, and it looks like

691
00:22:29,000 --> 00:22:31,000
he's created Romeo and Juliet.

692
00:22:31,000 --> 00:22:33,000
And this is little Llewellyn,

693
00:22:33,000 --> 00:22:35,000
a picture that his daughter sent

694
00:22:35,000 --> 00:22:37,000
me from France where she's a

695
00:22:37,000 --> 00:22:40,000
retired professor.

696
00:22:40,000 --> 00:22:43,000
This is a triptych of the living

697
00:22:43,000 --> 00:22:45,000
room from three photographs.

698
00:22:45,000 --> 00:22:47,000
This is a little more refined

699
00:22:47,000 --> 00:22:49,000
now.

700
00:22:49,000 --> 00:22:53,000
This is Mr. Wright's studio but

701
00:22:53,000 --> 00:22:55,000
at this point is still full of

702
00:22:55,000 --> 00:22:57,000
lumber and is being used as a

703
00:22:57,000 --> 00:22:59,000
carpenter shop.

704
00:22:59,000 --> 00:23:03,000
This is the draftsman drafting

705
00:23:03,000 --> 00:23:05,000
studio, and there was a bunk

706
00:23:05,000 --> 00:23:07,000
room off of that and a sitting

707
00:23:07,000 --> 00:23:09,000
room and draftsmen came and

708
00:23:09,000 --> 00:23:12,000
went.

709
00:23:12,000 --> 00:23:14,000
There were certain people, like

710
00:23:14,000 --> 00:23:16,000
Herbert Fritz, Sr, who were

711
00:23:16,000 --> 00:23:17,000
there all the time, but it was

712
00:23:17,000 --> 00:23:19,000
kind of an itinerant group of

713
00:23:19,000 --> 00:23:20,000
architects who would go between

714
00:23:20,000 --> 00:23:22,000
Chicago and Spring Green and

715
00:23:22,000 --> 00:23:24,000
spend time.

716
00:23:24,000 --> 00:23:26,000
And there were artists and other

717
00:23:26,000 --> 00:23:28,000
guest who came, but it was

718
00:23:28,000 --> 00:23:29,000
nothing like Taliesin III where

719
00:23:29,000 --> 00:23:31,000
you had resident school and

720
00:23:31,000 --> 00:23:35,000
apprentices.

721
00:23:35,000 --> 00:23:37,000
And this is, I love this

722
00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:39,000
photograph, this is one of the

723
00:23:39,000 --> 00:23:41,000
photographs, and these are stone

724
00:23:41,000 --> 00:23:43,000
masons who have just cemented in

725
00:23:43,000 --> 00:23:45,000
place the plaque on the pier at

726
00:23:45,000 --> 00:23:47,000
the entrance to Taliesin at the

727
00:23:47,000 --> 00:23:49,000
lower one next to the sort of

728
00:23:49,000 --> 00:23:51,000
waterfall or spillway that says

729
00:23:51,000 --> 00:23:53,000
"Frank Lloyd Wright, Architect,"

730
00:23:53,000 --> 00:23:55,000
and that means Taliesin is

731
00:23:55,000 --> 00:23:57,000
officially open for business and

732
00:23:57,000 --> 00:23:59,000
they have just finished doing

733
00:23:59,000 --> 00:24:00,000
this.

734
00:24:00,000 --> 00:24:01,000
Well, the interesting thing,

735
00:24:01,000 --> 00:24:03,000
this is one of those other

736
00:24:03,000 --> 00:24:04,000
little how do you discover lost

737
00:24:04,000 --> 00:24:05,000
history.

738
00:24:05,000 --> 00:24:07,000
I met a woman who's 86 years old

739
00:24:07,000 --> 00:24:09,000
from Baraboo, and her name is

740
00:24:09,000 --> 00:24:11,000
Barbara Dresser.

741
00:24:11,000 --> 00:24:14,000
And she was the granddaughter of

742
00:24:14,000 --> 00:24:17,000
a man named Alfred Larson who

743
00:24:17,000 --> 00:24:19,000
was a stone mason, and I sent

744
00:24:19,000 --> 00:24:21,000
her all the pictures in the book

745
00:24:21,000 --> 00:24:22,000
and said, do you recognize

746
00:24:22,000 --> 00:24:23,000
anybody?

747
00:24:23,000 --> 00:24:24,000
And she said, well,

748
00:24:24,000 --> 00:24:26,000
only my grandfather.

749
00:24:26,000 --> 00:24:27,000
[LAUGHTER]

750
00:24:27,000 --> 00:24:29,000
So, this man here is

751
00:24:29,000 --> 00:24:31,000
Alfred Larson who was the

752
00:24:31,000 --> 00:24:35,000
grandfather of Barbara, and

753
00:24:35,000 --> 00:24:39,000
Barbara, her father was Herbert

754
00:24:39,000 --> 00:24:41,000
Fritz, Sr, and his mother was

755
00:24:41,000 --> 00:24:46,000
Alfred Larson's wife, Elvira.

756
00:24:46,000 --> 00:24:48,000
So, there were a lot of Taliesin

757
00:24:48,000 --> 00:24:51,000
aristocracy here and over the

758
00:24:51,000 --> 00:24:53,000
generations.

759
00:24:53,000 --> 00:24:55,000
I just love this picture that

760
00:24:55,000 --> 00:24:57,000
suggests this is the way it's

761
00:24:57,000 --> 00:24:59,000
done.

762
00:24:59,000 --> 00:25:02,000
And you can see it has a kind of

763
00:25:02,000 --> 00:25:04,000
tassel-like look from down the

764
00:25:04,000 --> 00:25:07,000
hill.

765
00:25:07,000 --> 00:25:11,000
And this is an open porch

766
00:25:11,000 --> 00:25:14,000
which is where Mamah

767
00:25:14,000 --> 00:25:15,000
and her children were killed

768
00:25:15,000 --> 00:25:17,000
in August 1914.

769
00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:18,000
It was never rebuilt.

770
00:25:18,000 --> 00:25:19,000
And Taliesin was sort of

771
00:25:19,000 --> 00:25:21,000
reoriented so that no one would

772
00:25:21,000 --> 00:25:22,000
ever actually live in that space

773
00:25:22,000 --> 00:25:25,000
again.

774
00:25:25,000 --> 00:25:26,000
For gardeners here, this is a

775
00:25:26,000 --> 00:25:28,000
really interesting photo because

776
00:25:28,000 --> 00:25:30,000
what you have here is gardeners

777
00:25:30,000 --> 00:25:33,000
with stakes and chalk laying out

778
00:25:33,000 --> 00:25:35,000
a grid on the slope below

779
00:25:35,000 --> 00:25:37,000
Taliesin for grid planting which

780
00:25:37,000 --> 00:25:39,000
is a very Italian way of

781
00:25:39,000 --> 00:25:41,000
planting on a slope.

782
00:25:41,000 --> 00:25:43,000
And I consulted Jerry Minnich,

783
00:25:43,000 --> 00:25:44,000
who wrote the Wisconsin Garden

784
00:25:44,000 --> 00:25:46,000
Guide, about this.

785
00:25:46,000 --> 00:25:48,000
And Wright used both contour and

786
00:25:48,000 --> 00:25:49,000
grid planting.

787
00:25:49,000 --> 00:25:51,000
And, in the next picture, you'll

788
00:25:51,000 --> 00:25:52,000
see some of the results.

789
00:25:52,000 --> 00:25:54,000
This is probably the spring of

790
00:25:54,000 --> 00:25:56,000
1912.

791
00:25:56,000 --> 00:26:00,000
And here is the fall of 1912.

792
00:26:00,000 --> 00:26:01,000
These photographs were taken by

793
00:26:01,000 --> 00:26:04,000
a man named Fuermann,

794
00:26:04,000 --> 00:26:06,000
Clarence Fuermann, from Chicago.

795
00:26:06,000 --> 00:26:07,000
Jack Holzheuter found these

796
00:26:07,000 --> 00:26:10,000
photographs on eBay.

797
00:26:10,000 --> 00:26:11,000
They had not been published

798
00:26:11,000 --> 00:26:12,000
before, but I was able to,

799
00:26:12,000 --> 00:26:13,000
he got them for the State

800
00:26:13,000 --> 00:26:15,000
Historical Society which then

801
00:26:15,000 --> 00:26:17,000
made them available to me

802
00:26:17,000 --> 00:26:20,000
in time for the book.

803
00:26:20,000 --> 00:26:22,000
And you can see the same view.

804
00:26:22,000 --> 00:26:25,000
Now the courtyard, the inner

805
00:26:25,000 --> 00:26:27,000
courtyard is really much more

806
00:26:27,000 --> 00:26:29,000
pulled together and beautiful,

807
00:26:29,000 --> 00:26:30,000
and the tea circle is in place.

808
00:26:30,000 --> 00:26:32,000
And if you look closely through

809
00:26:32,000 --> 00:26:34,000
the opening at the far end of

810
00:26:34,000 --> 00:26:36,000
the building, you can see a

811
00:26:36,000 --> 00:26:39,000
Holstein calf and cow.

812
00:26:39,000 --> 00:26:42,000
And by the way, when I came to

813
00:26:42,000 --> 00:26:44,000
work for Tony Earl, I did not

814
00:26:44,000 --> 00:26:46,000
know the difference between and

815
00:26:46,000 --> 00:26:47,000
udder and a teat.

816
00:26:47,000 --> 00:26:49,000
[LAUGHTER]

817
00:26:49,000 --> 00:26:50,000
And I've always thought it was

818
00:26:50,000 --> 00:26:51,000
wonderful that I had to learn

819
00:26:51,000 --> 00:26:53,000
that fact from the governor

820
00:26:53,000 --> 00:26:54,000
of Dairyland.

821
00:26:54,000 --> 00:26:58,000
[LAUGHTER]

822
00:26:58,000 --> 00:26:59,000
Now, this is another picture

823
00:26:59,000 --> 00:27:01,000
in the Fuermann series

824
00:27:01,000 --> 00:27:04,000
that was not published before.

825
00:27:04,000 --> 00:27:06,000
And what's interesting about it,

826
00:27:06,000 --> 00:27:08,000
for me, is look at the vantage

827
00:27:08,000 --> 00:27:10,000
point.

828
00:27:10,000 --> 00:27:11,000
It's from the tea circle.

829
00:27:11,000 --> 00:27:13,000
It's looking toward the portico

830
00:27:13,000 --> 00:27:14,000
share.

831
00:27:14,000 --> 00:27:15,000
Under the portico share you see

832
00:27:15,000 --> 00:27:18,000
two children and a horse.

833
00:27:18,000 --> 00:27:20,000
Now, look at the next

834
00:27:20,000 --> 00:27:23,000
photograph.

835
00:27:23,000 --> 00:27:25,000
This is the same vantage point

836
00:27:25,000 --> 00:27:28,000
in 1914, shortly after Taliesin

837
00:27:28,000 --> 00:27:31,000
was burned down.

838
00:27:31,000 --> 00:27:32,000
The residential wing was burned

839
00:27:32,000 --> 00:27:33,000
down.

840
00:27:33,000 --> 00:27:35,000
Julian Carlton made his rampage,

841
00:27:35,000 --> 00:27:38,000
attacked, murdered seven people

842
00:27:38,000 --> 00:27:40,000
and swallowed acid, died himself

843
00:27:40,000 --> 00:27:44,000
cell 48 days later.

844
00:27:44,000 --> 00:27:47,000
And you can see that the portico

845
00:27:47,000 --> 00:27:49,000
share has now crashed to the

846
00:27:49,000 --> 00:27:51,000
ground.

847
00:27:51,000 --> 00:27:54,000
The studio wing remains.

848
00:27:54,000 --> 00:27:56,000
I don't think Wright is in this

849
00:27:56,000 --> 00:27:58,000
picture.

850
00:27:58,000 --> 00:27:59,000
There's a man sitting in the

851
00:27:59,000 --> 00:28:01,000
breezeway with a rifle over his

852
00:28:01,000 --> 00:28:02,000
lap.

853
00:28:02,000 --> 00:28:04,000
There's a man with a long beard

854
00:28:04,000 --> 00:28:06,000
who maybe Jenkin Lloyd Jones or

855
00:28:06,000 --> 00:28:08,000
Enis talking with some other

856
00:28:08,000 --> 00:28:10,000
guys.

857
00:28:10,000 --> 00:28:11,000
The studio wing was spared

858
00:28:11,000 --> 00:28:13,000
thanks to the efforts of William

859
00:28:13,000 --> 00:28:15,000
Weston, who, even though

860
00:28:15,000 --> 00:28:17,000
wounded, sprayed a water hose,

861
00:28:17,000 --> 00:28:20,000
garden hose, on it.

862
00:28:20,000 --> 00:28:22,000
And Wright did sometimes say

863
00:28:22,000 --> 00:28:25,000
that maybe that God disapproved

864
00:28:25,000 --> 00:28:27,000
of his life but approved of his

865
00:28:27,000 --> 00:28:28,000
work, but I don't think he

866
00:28:28,000 --> 00:28:31,000
really believed that.

867
00:28:31,000 --> 00:28:33,000
This is another picture of

868
00:28:33,000 --> 00:28:35,000
gawkers coming to look at the

869
00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:38,000
ruins.

870
00:28:38,000 --> 00:28:40,000
This is the story of the death

871
00:28:40,000 --> 00:28:42,000
of Julian Carlton, who, actually

872
00:28:42,000 --> 00:28:44,000
one of the nice things I like to

873
00:28:44,000 --> 00:28:46,000
say in these presentations is

874
00:28:46,000 --> 00:28:48,000
that small-town Wisconsin

875
00:28:48,000 --> 00:28:50,000
behaved wonderfully and nobly

876
00:28:50,000 --> 00:28:51,000
and responsibly in the aftermath

877
00:28:51,000 --> 00:28:53,000
of the crime of the century.

878
00:28:53,000 --> 00:28:55,000
They gave this man due process.

879
00:28:55,000 --> 00:28:57,000
He was given a court-appointed

880
00:28:57,000 --> 00:28:58,000
attorney.

881
00:28:58,000 --> 00:29:00,000
He was given two court

882
00:29:00,000 --> 00:29:02,000
appearances.

883
00:29:02,000 --> 00:29:03,000
He was given a special visit by

884
00:29:03,000 --> 00:29:05,000
the judge to counsel him on a

885
00:29:05,000 --> 00:29:07,000
plea that would allow him to die

886
00:29:07,000 --> 00:29:09,000
in a Dodgeville jail rather than

887
00:29:09,000 --> 00:29:11,000
at Waupun State Prison.

888
00:29:11,000 --> 00:29:13,000
He received good medical

889
00:29:13,000 --> 00:29:14,000
attention from very prominent

890
00:29:14,000 --> 00:29:16,000
doctors, and he basically got

891
00:29:16,000 --> 00:29:18,000
his rights even though he had

892
00:29:18,000 --> 00:29:21,000
committed, quite clearly,

893
00:29:21,000 --> 00:29:22,000
the crime of the century

894
00:29:22,000 --> 00:29:24,000
and horrible murders.

895
00:29:24,000 --> 00:29:26,000
But small-town Wisconsin behaved

896
00:29:26,000 --> 00:29:28,000
wonderfully, and the local press

897
00:29:28,000 --> 00:29:30,000
did not treat this tremendously

898
00:29:30,000 --> 00:29:33,000
luridly.

899
00:29:33,000 --> 00:29:34,000
It was full of racism,

900
00:29:34,000 --> 00:29:36,000
of course.

901
00:29:36,000 --> 00:29:37,000
All the headlines were

902
00:29:37,000 --> 00:29:38,000
"Black Beast" kills

903
00:29:38,000 --> 00:29:41,000
such and such; "Negro Slayer."

904
00:29:41,000 --> 00:29:43,000
Even the death certificates say,

905
00:29:43,000 --> 00:29:44,000
as cause of death, "killed by

906
00:29:44,000 --> 00:29:46,000
a Negro," as though that were

907
00:29:46,000 --> 00:29:49,000
a separate category of murder.

908
00:29:49,000 --> 00:29:52,000
But, basically, when it came,

909
00:29:52,000 --> 00:29:54,000
for the time and place,

910
00:29:54,000 --> 00:29:57,000
small-town Wisconsin behaved

911
00:29:57,000 --> 00:29:59,000
better and they may have behaved

912
00:29:59,000 --> 00:30:01,000
much better than Chicago did.

913
00:30:01,000 --> 00:30:04,000
This is Mamah's gravestone, and

914
00:30:04,000 --> 00:30:06,000
I know I've ruffled a few

915
00:30:06,000 --> 00:30:07,000
feathers by suggesting this is

916
00:30:07,000 --> 00:30:09,000
kind of inappropriate for them

917
00:30:09,000 --> 00:30:11,000
to put Mr. Cheney's name on her

918
00:30:11,000 --> 00:30:13,000
headstone after she had very

919
00:30:13,000 --> 00:30:16,000
firmly rejected it.

920
00:30:16,000 --> 00:30:20,000
And, at the very end, Wright

921
00:30:20,000 --> 00:30:22,000
went to Chicago and had to think

922
00:30:22,000 --> 00:30:24,000
things through.

923
00:30:24,000 --> 00:30:28,000
And he wrote a letter in

924
00:30:28,000 --> 00:30:36,000
December to Ellen Key.

925
00:30:36,000 --> 00:30:39,000
I'm looking for it.

926
00:30:39,000 --> 00:30:43,000
Looking for it.

927
00:30:43,000 --> 00:30:46,000
Basically, he says to her that I

928
00:30:46,000 --> 00:30:47,000
have a decision to make.

929
00:30:47,000 --> 00:30:50,000
I can either give in to despair

930
00:30:50,000 --> 00:30:52,000
or I can, as the heart of her

931
00:30:52,000 --> 00:30:55,000
would have me do, basically put

932
00:30:55,000 --> 00:30:59,000
her spirit into the work that

933
00:30:59,000 --> 00:31:02,000
takes shape under my hands.

934
00:31:02,000 --> 00:31:04,000
That's what he says.

935
00:31:04,000 --> 00:31:06,000
That basically he has decided to

936
00:31:06,000 --> 00:31:08,000
honor her by devoting his work

937
00:31:08,000 --> 00:31:12,000
to her.

938
00:31:12,000 --> 00:31:13,000
This is Ellen Key,

939
00:31:13,000 --> 00:31:15,000
a tough customer.

940
00:31:15,000 --> 00:31:16,000
[LAUGHTER]

941
00:31:16,000 --> 00:31:17,000
This is actually one of those

942
00:31:17,000 --> 00:31:18,000
portraits that Mamah mentions

943
00:31:18,000 --> 00:31:20,000
in a letter saying,

944
00:31:20,000 --> 00:31:23,000
"I saw this portrait by Nielsen,

945
00:31:23,000 --> 00:31:24,000
couldn't you have them erase

946
00:31:24,000 --> 00:31:25,000
those ugly balls on either side

947
00:31:25,000 --> 00:31:27,000
of your head because they look

948
00:31:27,000 --> 00:31:29,000
ugly."

949
00:31:29,000 --> 00:31:30,000
And so I looked around and was

950
00:31:30,000 --> 00:31:31,000
able to find the portrait

951
00:31:31,000 --> 00:31:34,000
she's talking about.

952
00:31:34,000 --> 00:31:36,000
Coming toward the end here,

953
00:31:36,000 --> 00:31:38,000
I think maybe I need to end.

954
00:31:38,000 --> 00:31:40,000
Let me have, do I have five

955
00:31:40,000 --> 00:31:41,000
minutes?

956
00:31:41,000 --> 00:31:43,000
I think I have five.

957
00:31:43,000 --> 00:31:44,000
I want to tell just a couple of

958
00:31:44,000 --> 00:31:46,000
stories about how you discover

959
00:31:46,000 --> 00:31:49,000
lost history.

960
00:31:49,000 --> 00:31:51,000
This Hiroshige print was found

961
00:31:51,000 --> 00:31:53,000
hanging on the wall of Ellen

962
00:31:53,000 --> 00:31:55,000
Key's home, and there's a letter

963
00:31:55,000 --> 00:31:57,000
from Mamah that says Frank is

964
00:31:57,000 --> 00:31:59,000
sending you a little Hiroshige

965
00:31:59,000 --> 00:32:00,000
that we hope you may care to

966
00:32:00,000 --> 00:32:03,000
hang in your new home.

967
00:32:03,000 --> 00:32:05,000
And a Swedish scholar, a woman,

968
00:32:05,000 --> 00:32:07,000
looked at this and happened to

969
00:32:07,000 --> 00:32:10,000
turn it over and found this

970
00:32:10,000 --> 00:32:13,000
inscription that it was a print

971
00:32:13,000 --> 00:32:14,000
by the great Japanese artist

972
00:32:14,000 --> 00:32:16,000
Hiroshige and a gift from the

973
00:32:16,000 --> 00:32:17,000
great American architect

974
00:32:17,000 --> 00:32:18,000
Frank Lloyd Wright.

975
00:32:18,000 --> 00:32:19,000
Well, there had been no

976
00:32:19,000 --> 00:32:20,000
knowledge of a connection

977
00:32:20,000 --> 00:32:21,000
between Wright and Ellen Key

978
00:32:21,000 --> 00:32:23,000
before, so she went to the

979
00:32:23,000 --> 00:32:25,000
Swedish National Library and

980
00:32:25,000 --> 00:32:27,000
found in her archives these 10

981
00:32:27,000 --> 00:32:29,000
letters from Mamah which then

982
00:32:29,000 --> 00:32:32,000
really unlocked everything we

983
00:32:32,000 --> 00:32:34,000
know about Taliesin I.

984
00:32:34,000 --> 00:32:38,000
And this is Ellen Key's partner

985
00:32:38,000 --> 00:32:41,000
desk, and you can see the

986
00:32:41,000 --> 00:32:43,000
Hiroshige hanging down the hall.

987
00:32:43,000 --> 00:32:47,000
What I want to tell you about

988
00:32:47,000 --> 00:32:49,000
this is that I, quite by

989
00:32:49,000 --> 00:32:51,000
accident, found a Stockholm

990
00:32:51,000 --> 00:32:53,000
architect who was willing to

991
00:32:53,000 --> 00:32:54,000
drive half way across Sweden and

992
00:32:54,000 --> 00:32:55,000
make these photographs for me

993
00:32:55,000 --> 00:32:57,000
and photograph the Hiroshige and

994
00:32:57,000 --> 00:32:58,000
find it, send it to me, asking

995
00:32:58,000 --> 00:32:59,000
nothing.

996
00:32:59,000 --> 00:33:00,000
People who are into Frank Lloyd

997
00:33:00,000 --> 00:33:02,000
Wright do all these things for

998
00:33:02,000 --> 00:33:03,000
the love of it.

999
00:33:03,000 --> 00:33:04,000
So I asked some of these people

1000
00:33:04,000 --> 00:33:05,000
to send me pictures of

1001
00:33:05,000 --> 00:33:07,000
themselves.

1002
00:33:07,000 --> 00:33:08,000
This is her balcony.

1003
00:33:08,000 --> 00:33:09,000
Not bad.

1004
00:33:09,000 --> 00:33:11,000
[LAUGHTER]

1005
00:33:11,000 --> 00:33:12,000
And this is Bjorn Sjunnesson,

1006
00:33:12,000 --> 00:33:14,000
my unknown friend in Stockholm

1007
00:33:14,000 --> 00:33:18,000
who provided this information.

1008
00:33:18,000 --> 00:33:20,000
Now, at the very beginning, when

1009
00:33:20,000 --> 00:33:22,000
it was first discovered that

1010
00:33:22,000 --> 00:33:23,000
they were living together at

1011
00:33:23,000 --> 00:33:25,000
Taliesin because he'd told

1012
00:33:25,000 --> 00:33:26,000
everyone they had broken up, and

1013
00:33:26,000 --> 00:33:28,000
he secretly built Taliesin with

1014
00:33:28,000 --> 00:33:30,000
the help of his mother and this

1015
00:33:30,000 --> 00:33:32,000
was found out, there was a huge

1016
00:33:32,000 --> 00:33:34,000
spasm of coverage in the Chicago

1017
00:33:34,000 --> 00:33:35,000
press, and this is typical of

1018
00:33:35,000 --> 00:33:37,000
it.

1019
00:33:37,000 --> 00:33:38,000
With "castle of love" and there

1020
00:33:38,000 --> 00:33:40,000
are going to be sheriff's

1021
00:33:40,000 --> 00:33:41,000
posses, there was even talk of

1022
00:33:41,000 --> 00:33:43,000
tar and feathers, but in the

1023
00:33:43,000 --> 00:33:45,000
middle of all of it, Mamah

1024
00:33:45,000 --> 00:33:46,000
mentions in one of her letters

1025
00:33:46,000 --> 00:33:48,000
that she's sending a column by a

1026
00:33:48,000 --> 00:33:49,000
guy named Floyd Dell.

1027
00:33:49,000 --> 00:33:50,000
Now, Floyd Dell was the editor

1028
00:33:50,000 --> 00:33:51,000
of the Chicago Evening Post

1029
00:33:51,000 --> 00:33:53,000
Literary Review and a great

1030
00:33:53,000 --> 00:33:55,000
leader of the Chicago Avant

1031
00:33:55,000 --> 00:33:57,000
Garde, and he has this wonderful

1032
00:33:57,000 --> 00:33:59,000
thing where he says you can't,

1033
00:33:59,000 --> 00:34:03,000
these people are being hounded

1034
00:34:03,000 --> 00:34:05,000
to death for behaving sincerely

1035
00:34:05,000 --> 00:34:08,000
and you're going to lose, it's

1036
00:34:08,000 --> 00:34:10,000
not fair to her and you're going

1037
00:34:10,000 --> 00:34:12,000
to lose a great career.

1038
00:34:12,000 --> 00:34:14,000
And this had never been known or

1039
00:34:14,000 --> 00:34:15,000
published.

1040
00:34:15,000 --> 00:34:17,000
This is Floyd Dell looking a

1041
00:34:17,000 --> 00:34:20,000
little bit peaked or jaundice.

1042
00:34:20,000 --> 00:34:22,000
Well, I put a Northwestern

1043
00:34:22,000 --> 00:34:24,000
University graduate student

1044
00:34:24,000 --> 00:34:26,000
named Whitney Harrod on the

1045
00:34:26,000 --> 00:34:27,000
trail of this column as a sort

1046
00:34:27,000 --> 00:34:29,000
of graduate assistant.

1047
00:34:29,000 --> 00:34:31,000
And she looked all over creation

1048
00:34:31,000 --> 00:34:32,000
to find it, and she finally

1049
00:34:32,000 --> 00:34:34,000
located it at the Widener

1050
00:34:34,000 --> 00:34:35,000
Library at Harvard.

1051
00:34:35,000 --> 00:34:37,000
And this is Whitney, and I like

1052
00:34:37,000 --> 00:34:38,000
this picture because I say we

1053
00:34:38,000 --> 00:34:40,000
are getting the news from the

1054
00:34:40,000 --> 00:34:42,000
horse's mouth.

1055
00:34:42,000 --> 00:34:44,000
[LAUGHTER]

1056
00:34:44,000 --> 00:34:47,000
Finally, one of the treasures

1057
00:34:47,000 --> 00:34:50,000
of the State Historical Society

1058
00:34:50,000 --> 00:34:52,000
is a collection of photographs

1059
00:34:52,000 --> 00:34:54,000
of the valley taken

1060
00:34:54,000 --> 00:34:55,000
by Frank Lloyd Wright himself

1061
00:34:55,000 --> 00:34:57,000
in 1900.

1062
00:34:57,000 --> 00:34:59,000
Panoramic photographs that have

1063
00:34:59,000 --> 00:35:00,000
almost an Asian quality to them,

1064
00:35:00,000 --> 00:35:02,000
and when I was looking through

1065
00:35:02,000 --> 00:35:05,000
the prints, my wife Elaine said

1066
00:35:05,000 --> 00:35:07,000
I think that those prints go

1067
00:35:07,000 --> 00:35:08,000
together.

1068
00:35:08,000 --> 00:35:10,000
And we looked closer and she was

1069
00:35:10,000 --> 00:35:12,000
able to see the junctures

1070
00:35:12,000 --> 00:35:13,000
between three of them.

1071
00:35:13,000 --> 00:35:15,000
And suddenly, what Wright was

1072
00:35:15,000 --> 00:35:17,000
intending all along became

1073
00:35:17,000 --> 00:35:18,000
apparent which was to take a

1074
00:35:18,000 --> 00:35:20,000
panoramic photograph of the

1075
00:35:20,000 --> 00:35:22,000
valley from the vantage point at

1076
00:35:22,000 --> 00:35:24,000
the end of the valley looking

1077
00:35:24,000 --> 00:35:26,000
toward the Wisconsin River.

1078
00:35:26,000 --> 00:35:28,000
And so you see Taliesin's future

1079
00:35:28,000 --> 00:35:31,000
site is up here on this side.

1080
00:35:31,000 --> 00:35:34,000
But this is a discovery in

1081
00:35:34,000 --> 00:35:36,000
itself.

1082
00:35:36,000 --> 00:35:38,000
The pictures had been known for

1083
00:35:38,000 --> 00:35:39,000
a while, but no one had ever

1084
00:35:39,000 --> 00:35:41,000
seen this part of it.

1085
00:35:41,000 --> 00:35:42,000
And so, who was my discoverer?

1086
00:35:42,000 --> 00:35:45,000
My one and only, Elaine.

1087
00:35:45,000 --> 00:35:46,000
[LAUGHTER]

1088
00:35:46,000 --> 00:35:48,000
And here she is with

1089
00:35:48,000 --> 00:35:49,000
Wright's muse.

1090
00:35:49,000 --> 00:35:51,000
So I thank her, and I leave you

1091
00:35:51,000 --> 00:35:54,000
back at Taliesin III,

1092
00:35:54,000 --> 00:35:58,000
which was built twice more

1093
00:35:58,000 --> 00:36:00,000
and had another,

1094
00:36:00,000 --> 00:36:02,000
quite a different life when

1095
00:36:02,000 --> 00:36:05,000
the Henkens arrived some time.

1096
00:36:05,000 --> 00:36:08,000
I've read their book.

1097
00:36:08,000 --> 00:36:09,000
It's really quite a different

1098
00:36:09,000 --> 00:36:11,000
kind of place.

1099
00:36:11,000 --> 00:36:12,000
In fact, sometimes I think,

1100
00:36:12,000 --> 00:36:14,000
well, Taliesin I

1101
00:36:14,000 --> 00:36:16,000
felt more like Tuscany;

1102
00:36:16,000 --> 00:36:17,000
Taliesin III feels more like

1103
00:36:17,000 --> 00:36:19,000
Transylvania.

1104
00:36:19,000 --> 00:36:20,000
[LAUGHTER]

1105
00:36:20,000 --> 00:36:22,000
So I give this to you.

1106
00:36:22,000 --> 00:36:23,000
Thank you very much.

1107
00:36:23,000 --> 00:36:26,000
[APPLAUSE]

1108
00:36:37,000 --> 00:36:39,000
>> If you want to come up,

1109
00:36:39,000 --> 00:36:40,000
that's fine.

1110
00:36:40,000 --> 00:36:41,000
>> Wonderful.

1111
00:36:41,000 --> 00:36:42,000
All right, I want to introduce

1112
00:36:42,000 --> 00:36:43,000
our next sort of part of the

1113
00:36:43,000 --> 00:36:44,000
panel.

1114
00:36:44,000 --> 00:36:46,000
We have four people in this.

1115
00:36:46,000 --> 00:36:48,000
So, I'll begin by introducing

1116
00:36:48,000 --> 00:36:50,000
Sarah Leavitt, who will be, I

1117
00:36:50,000 --> 00:36:53,000
think, reading for us today.

1118
00:36:53,000 --> 00:36:54,000
Sarah's curator at the National

1119
00:36:54,000 --> 00:36:56,000
Building Museum in Washington,

1120
00:36:56,000 --> 00:36:57,000
DC, where her recent exhibitions

1121
00:36:57,000 --> 00:37:00,000
have included House of Cars:

1122
00:37:00,000 --> 00:37:02,000
Innovation and the Parking

1123
00:37:02,000 --> 00:37:04,000
Garage of 2009 and House and

1124
00:37:04,000 --> 00:37:06,000
Home of 2012.

1125
00:37:06,000 --> 00:37:08,000
She previously held the position

1126
00:37:08,000 --> 00:37:10,000
of associate historian and

1127
00:37:10,000 --> 00:37:12,000
curator at the Office of NIH

1128
00:37:12,000 --> 00:37:14,000
History at the National

1129
00:37:14,000 --> 00:37:16,000
Institutes of Health in

1130
00:37:16,000 --> 00:37:18,000
Bethesda, Maryland.

1131
00:37:18,000 --> 00:37:20,000
Her other research and museum

1132
00:37:20,000 --> 00:37:21,000
experience include positions at

1133
00:37:21,000 --> 00:37:22,000
the consulting firm History

1134
00:37:22,000 --> 00:37:24,000
Associates as well as the Women

1135
00:37:24,000 --> 00:37:26,000
of the West Museum in Boulder,

1136
00:37:26,000 --> 00:37:27,000
Colorado, and the Slater Mill

1137
00:37:27,000 --> 00:37:29,000
Historic Site in Pawtucket,

1138
00:37:29,000 --> 00:37:30,000
Rhode Island.

1139
00:37:30,000 --> 00:37:32,000
Her book, "From Catharine

1140
00:37:32,000 --> 00:37:33,000
Beecher to Martha Stewart:

1141
00:37:33,000 --> 00:37:34,000
A Cultural History of Domestic

1142
00:37:34,000 --> 00:37:36,000
Advice," was published by

1143
00:37:36,000 --> 00:37:38,000
the University of North Carolina

1144
00:37:38,000 --> 00:37:40,000
Press in 2002.

1145
00:37:40,000 --> 00:37:42,000
Other publications include

1146
00:37:42,000 --> 00:37:43,000
articles on the history of the

1147
00:37:43,000 --> 00:37:45,000
pregnancy test, online

1148
00:37:45,000 --> 00:37:47,000
motherhood communities, and the

1149
00:37:47,000 --> 00:37:49,000
television show Veronica Mars.

1150
00:37:49,000 --> 00:37:51,000
She's most recently the editor

1151
00:37:51,000 --> 00:37:53,000
of a publication called Taliesin

1152
00:37:53,000 --> 00:37:55,000
Diary: A Year With Frank Lloyd

1153
00:37:55,000 --> 00:37:56,000
Wright, and you'll hear about

1154
00:37:56,000 --> 00:37:57,000
that today.

1155
00:37:57,000 --> 00:37:59,000
Sarah graduated from Wesleyan

1156
00:37:59,000 --> 00:38:00,000
University and holds a master's

1157
00:38:00,000 --> 00:38:02,000
degree in museum studies and a

1158
00:38:02,000 --> 00:38:04,000
PhD in American studies from

1159
00:38:04,000 --> 00:38:06,000
Brown University.

1160
00:38:06,000 --> 00:38:08,000
We will also hear from the three

1161
00:38:08,000 --> 00:38:09,000
members of the Henken family.

1162
00:38:09,000 --> 00:38:10,000
And I'll begin with Elissa

1163
00:38:10,000 --> 00:38:11,000
Henken.

1164
00:38:11,000 --> 00:38:13,000
Elissa R Henken earned her

1165
00:38:13,000 --> 00:38:15,000
bachelor of arts in folklore and

1166
00:38:15,000 --> 00:38:17,000
mythology at Radcliffe College

1167
00:38:17,000 --> 00:38:18,000
at Harvard, her master's in

1168
00:38:18,000 --> 00:38:20,000
Welsh language and literature at

1169
00:38:20,000 --> 00:38:22,000
the University College of Wales,

1170
00:38:22,000 --> 00:38:24,000
and her PhD at the Folklore

1171
00:38:24,000 --> 00:38:26,000
Institute at Indiana University.

1172
00:38:26,000 --> 00:38:28,000
She now teaches folklore and

1173
00:38:28,000 --> 00:38:30,000
Celtic studies as a professor at

1174
00:38:30,000 --> 00:38:32,000
the University of Georgia.

1175
00:38:32,000 --> 00:38:34,000
Her published works include two

1176
00:38:34,000 --> 00:38:36,000
books on Welsh saints, one on

1177
00:38:36,000 --> 00:38:38,000
the Welsh national redeemer,

1178
00:38:38,000 --> 00:38:40,000
Owain, I don't know how to

1179
00:38:40,000 --> 00:38:41,000
pronounce this, Glyndwr.

1180
00:38:41,000 --> 00:38:43,000
[LAUGHTER]

1181
00:38:43,000 --> 00:38:44,000
And one co-authored with

1182
00:38:44,000 --> 00:38:46,000
Mariamne H Whatley on folklore

1183
00:38:46,000 --> 00:38:47,000
and human sexuality.

1184
00:38:47,000 --> 00:38:49,000
She has also published articles

1185
00:38:49,000 --> 00:38:50,000
on civil war legendary and

1186
00:38:50,000 --> 00:38:52,000
developments in contemporary

1187
00:38:52,000 --> 00:38:54,000
legend.

1188
00:38:54,000 --> 00:38:55,000
Jonathan T Henken is a

1189
00:38:55,000 --> 00:38:56,000
professional bagpiper and

1190
00:38:56,000 --> 00:38:58,000
cabinetmaker.

1191
00:38:58,000 --> 00:39:00,000
After earning his bachelor of

1192
00:39:00,000 --> 00:39:02,000
science in oceanography from New

1193
00:39:02,000 --> 00:39:04,000
York University, he develop his

1194
00:39:04,000 --> 00:39:05,000
concurrent careers, using the

1195
00:39:05,000 --> 00:39:07,000
knowledge of carpentry he

1196
00:39:07,000 --> 00:39:09,000
developed growing up in Usonia.

1197
00:39:09,000 --> 00:39:11,000
He serves as the Pipe Major

1198
00:39:11,000 --> 00:39:12,000
of Mount Kisco Scottish Pipes

1199
00:39:12,000 --> 00:39:14,000
and Drums, while also doing

1200
00:39:14,000 --> 00:39:16,000
extensive solo piping.

1201
00:39:16,000 --> 00:39:18,000
His work has been diverse,

1202
00:39:18,000 --> 00:39:20,000
including being the Forbes

1203
00:39:20,000 --> 00:39:21,000
Corporate and family piper,

1204
00:39:21,000 --> 00:39:23,000
serving as the US Piper for the

1205
00:39:23,000 --> 00:39:25,000
Bank of Scotland, performing as

1206
00:39:25,000 --> 00:39:27,000
a guest soloist with the New

1207
00:39:27,000 --> 00:39:29,000
York Pops at Carnegie Hall and

1208
00:39:29,000 --> 00:39:30,000
with the New Haven Symphony

1209
00:39:30,000 --> 00:39:32,000
Orchestra, playing at curling

1210
00:39:32,000 --> 00:39:34,000
matches, fashion shows, and

1211
00:39:34,000 --> 00:39:35,000
social events, including the

1212
00:39:35,000 --> 00:39:37,000
opening of the Alexander McQueen

1213
00:39:37,000 --> 00:39:38,000
exhibit at the Metropolitan

1214
00:39:38,000 --> 00:39:40,000
Museum of Art.

1215
00:39:40,000 --> 00:39:42,000
He also has an animal rescue

1216
00:39:42,000 --> 00:39:44,000
farm and restores, shows, and

1217
00:39:44,000 --> 00:39:46,000
rides antique motorcycles.

1218
00:39:46,000 --> 00:39:49,000
Mariamne Henken Whatley is

1219
00:39:49,000 --> 00:39:50,000
professor emerita in the

1220
00:39:50,000 --> 00:39:52,000
Departments of Gender and

1221
00:39:52,000 --> 00:39:53,000
Women's Studies and Curriculum

1222
00:39:53,000 --> 00:39:55,000
and Instruction at the

1223
00:39:55,000 --> 00:39:56,000
University of Wisconsin Madison,

1224
00:39:56,000 --> 00:39:58,000
where she also served for many

1225
00:39:58,000 --> 00:40:00,000
years as the chair of GWS and as

1226
00:40:00,000 --> 00:40:01,000
associate dean in the School of

1227
00:40:01,000 --> 00:40:03,000
Education.

1228
00:40:03,000 --> 00:40:05,000
She earned her bachelor of arts

1229
00:40:05,000 --> 00:40:06,000
in English from Radcliffe and

1230
00:40:06,000 --> 00:40:08,000
her master of science and PhD in

1231
00:40:08,000 --> 00:40:10,000
biological sciences from

1232
00:40:10,000 --> 00:40:11,000
Northwestern University.

1233
00:40:11,000 --> 00:40:13,000
She has taught and written

1234
00:40:13,000 --> 00:40:14,000
extensively about women's

1235
00:40:14,000 --> 00:40:16,000
health, feminist approaches to

1236
00:40:16,000 --> 00:40:18,000
science and sexuality education.

1237
00:40:18,000 --> 00:40:20,000
She co-edited, with Nancy

1238
00:40:20,000 --> 00:40:22,000
Worcester, five editions of

1239
00:40:22,000 --> 00:40:24,000
women's health text and

1240
00:40:24,000 --> 00:40:26,000
co-authored, with Elissa Henken,

1241
00:40:26,000 --> 00:40:28,000
"Did You Hear About the Girl

1242
00:40:28,000 --> 00:40:30,000
Who...?: Contemporary Legends,

1243
00:40:30,000 --> 00:40:34,000
Folklore, and Human Sexuality."

1244
00:40:34,000 --> 00:40:35,000
So, I want to welcome all our

1245
00:40:35,000 --> 00:40:37,000
panelists, and I look forward

1246
00:40:37,000 --> 00:40:38,000
to an exciting discussion.

1247
00:40:38,000 --> 00:40:41,000
[APPLAUSE]

1248
00:40:45,000 --> 00:40:46,000
>> Hi.

1249
00:40:46,000 --> 00:40:47,000
Of course, my most important

1250
00:40:47,000 --> 00:40:49,000
qualification bringing me here

1251
00:40:49,000 --> 00:40:50,000
today is that I am from the

1252
00:40:50,000 --> 00:40:53,000
great state of Wisconsin, and

1253
00:40:53,000 --> 00:40:54,000
it's a pleasure to be back here

1254
00:40:54,000 --> 00:40:56,000
today.

1255
00:40:56,000 --> 00:40:57,000
I'm just going to really briefly

1256
00:40:57,000 --> 00:40:58,000
tell you a little about our

1257
00:40:58,000 --> 00:41:00,000
book, and I'm going to let these

1258
00:41:00,000 --> 00:41:01,000
folks read from the diary and

1259
00:41:01,000 --> 00:41:03,000
really give you a sense of what

1260
00:41:03,000 --> 00:41:05,000
the process was.

1261
00:41:05,000 --> 00:41:07,000
I want to say just a little bit

1262
00:41:07,000 --> 00:41:09,000
about the National Building

1263
00:41:09,000 --> 00:41:10,000
Museum.

1264
00:41:10,000 --> 00:41:11,000
For those of you who have never

1265
00:41:11,000 --> 00:41:13,000
been to see use in Washington,

1266
00:41:13,000 --> 00:41:14,000
DC, we're a museum of

1267
00:41:14,000 --> 00:41:15,000
architecture and design.

1268
00:41:15,000 --> 00:41:17,000
So, we were pretty excited when

1269
00:41:17,000 --> 00:41:19,000
we got this diary that Mariamne

1270
00:41:19,000 --> 00:41:21,000
sent a couple years ago.

1271
00:41:21,000 --> 00:41:23,000
We, who like to think we know

1272
00:41:23,000 --> 00:41:25,000
something about Frank Lloyd

1273
00:41:25,000 --> 00:41:26,000
Wright and the Fellowship, were

1274
00:41:26,000 --> 00:41:28,000
just thrilled to learn so many

1275
00:41:28,000 --> 00:41:31,000
new things just opening random

1276
00:41:31,000 --> 00:41:32,000
pages of the diary, which is

1277
00:41:32,000 --> 00:41:33,000
what we started doing.

1278
00:41:33,000 --> 00:41:35,000
And it seems like on every page

1279
00:41:35,000 --> 00:41:38,000
after you get through the part

1280
00:41:38,000 --> 00:41:40,000
about cooking all the food,

1281
00:41:40,000 --> 00:41:41,000
which there's a lot about that

1282
00:41:41,000 --> 00:41:44,000
which I found fascinating also,

1283
00:41:44,000 --> 00:41:46,000
there was so much interesting

1284
00:41:46,000 --> 00:41:48,000
material about the rights.

1285
00:41:48,000 --> 00:41:50,000
We've jumped, of course,

1286
00:41:50,000 --> 00:41:51,000
30 years since Ron McCrea's

1287
00:41:51,000 --> 00:41:54,000
story into the 1940s.

1288
00:41:54,000 --> 00:41:57,000
Very different place at

1289
00:41:57,000 --> 00:41:59,000
Taliesin.

1290
00:41:59,000 --> 00:42:02,000
Very different architect in

1291
00:42:02,000 --> 00:42:03,000
Frank Lloyd Wright.

1292
00:42:03,000 --> 00:42:05,000
He's, of course, been through

1293
00:42:05,000 --> 00:42:06,000
several iterations of his home,

1294
00:42:06,000 --> 00:42:08,000
several wives, several projects

1295
00:42:08,000 --> 00:42:11,000
himself.

1296
00:42:11,000 --> 00:42:14,000
At the Building Museum when we

1297
00:42:14,000 --> 00:42:15,000
first got the book, we, in fact,

1298
00:42:15,000 --> 00:42:17,000
had just done a program from one

1299
00:42:17,000 --> 00:42:19,000
of our founding members, Beverly

1300
00:42:19,000 --> 00:42:21,000
Willis, studies women in

1301
00:42:21,000 --> 00:42:23,000
architecture specifically and

1302
00:42:23,000 --> 00:42:25,000
had just worked on a little

1303
00:42:25,000 --> 00:42:26,000
movie project about women who

1304
00:42:26,000 --> 00:42:28,000
had worked with Frank Lloyd

1305
00:42:28,000 --> 00:42:29,000
Wright.

1306
00:42:29,000 --> 00:42:30,000
So this was a particularly

1307
00:42:30,000 --> 00:42:32,000
opportune moment for us to get

1308
00:42:32,000 --> 00:42:34,000
this diary.

1309
00:42:34,000 --> 00:42:36,000
And when we first opened, I just

1310
00:42:36,000 --> 00:42:39,000
give just for an example since

1311
00:42:39,000 --> 00:42:41,000
we're in the first week or so of

1312
00:42:41,000 --> 00:42:42,000
November, in the first week of

1313
00:42:42,000 --> 00:42:45,000
November in the diary Priscilla

1314
00:42:45,000 --> 00:42:47,000
Henken talks about, first of

1315
00:42:47,000 --> 00:42:48,000
all, a little postmortem of

1316
00:42:48,000 --> 00:42:50,000
Halloween.

1317
00:42:50,000 --> 00:42:51,000
Halloween was a big deal at

1318
00:42:51,000 --> 00:42:52,000
Taliesin.

1319
00:42:52,000 --> 00:42:53,000
All the fellows dressed up, and

1320
00:42:53,000 --> 00:42:55,000
the year that she was there,

1321
00:42:55,000 --> 00:42:56,000
they dressed up as famous

1322
00:42:56,000 --> 00:42:58,000
paintings or people that were in

1323
00:42:58,000 --> 00:42:59,000
famous paintings.

1324
00:42:59,000 --> 00:43:01,000
She goes on about what everybody

1325
00:43:01,000 --> 00:43:02,000
dressed up like, which was

1326
00:43:02,000 --> 00:43:03,000
pretty neat.

1327
00:43:03,000 --> 00:43:05,000
She also voted in Wisconsin.

1328
00:43:05,000 --> 00:43:06,000
She was pretty excited that you

1329
00:43:06,000 --> 00:43:07,000
could just walk right up to the

1330
00:43:07,000 --> 00:43:08,000
polls, register to vote, and

1331
00:43:08,000 --> 00:43:11,000
take away.

1332
00:43:11,000 --> 00:43:12,000
She voted a straight socialist

1333
00:43:12,000 --> 00:43:14,000
ticket that year.

1334
00:43:14,000 --> 00:43:16,000
And then also in the first week

1335
00:43:16,000 --> 00:43:18,000
of November, besides, again,

1336
00:43:18,000 --> 00:43:20,000
cooking a lot of food, she talks

1337
00:43:20,000 --> 00:43:22,000
about Armistice Day, which, of

1338
00:43:22,000 --> 00:43:23,000
course, we now know as Veterans

1339
00:43:23,000 --> 00:43:25,000
Day, and that led into a whole

1340
00:43:25,000 --> 00:43:29,000
story about World War II and

1341
00:43:29,000 --> 00:43:31,000
what it was like to be at

1342
00:43:31,000 --> 00:43:33,000
Taliesin during World War II.

1343
00:43:33,000 --> 00:43:35,000
And, of course, the story of

1344
00:43:35,000 --> 00:43:37,000
conscientious objectors there at

1345
00:43:37,000 --> 00:43:39,000
Taliesin, which led us into a

1346
00:43:39,000 --> 00:43:42,000
whole story, it's a thrill to

1347
00:43:42,000 --> 00:43:44,000
have Marcus Weston here with us

1348
00:43:44,000 --> 00:43:46,000
today because he, as you'll see

1349
00:43:46,000 --> 00:43:48,000
when you read the diary, plays a

1350
00:43:48,000 --> 00:43:50,000
very big part, both in

1351
00:43:50,000 --> 00:43:52,000
Priscilla's world at Taliesin

1352
00:43:52,000 --> 00:43:55,000
but also, of course, in the

1353
00:43:55,000 --> 00:43:57,000
history of the Fellowship.

1354
00:43:57,000 --> 00:44:00,000
Anyway, so we decided that what

1355
00:44:00,000 --> 00:44:02,000
would be really great is for all

1356
00:44:02,000 --> 00:44:04,000
of us in the curatorial staff

1357
00:44:04,000 --> 00:44:06,000
who are usually working on

1358
00:44:06,000 --> 00:44:08,000
exhibitions, we really got to

1359
00:44:08,000 --> 00:44:09,000
get into some primary source

1360
00:44:09,000 --> 00:44:11,000
research and do some history

1361
00:44:11,000 --> 00:44:12,000
writing, which was a real thrill

1362
00:44:12,000 --> 00:44:13,000
for us.

1363
00:44:13,000 --> 00:44:14,000
And one of the things that we

1364
00:44:14,000 --> 00:44:16,000
did was look into the story of

1365
00:44:16,000 --> 00:44:18,000
conscientious objection at

1366
00:44:18,000 --> 00:44:20,000
Taliesin, and we used the

1367
00:44:20,000 --> 00:44:22,000
Freedom of Information Act to

1368
00:44:22,000 --> 00:44:25,000
FOIA his, Frank Lloyd Wright's

1369
00:44:25,000 --> 00:44:27,000
file, FBI file, which is, as you

1370
00:44:27,000 --> 00:44:30,000
maybe can imagine, very large.

1371
00:44:30,000 --> 00:44:32,000
[LAUGHTER]

1372
00:44:32,000 --> 00:44:33,000
And it was really fun.

1373
00:44:33,000 --> 00:44:34,000
We spent several days, our whole

1374
00:44:34,000 --> 00:44:36,000
staff, just pouring through.

1375
00:44:36,000 --> 00:44:37,000
There's a lot of redacted

1376
00:44:37,000 --> 00:44:40,000
material, a lot of black lines,

1377
00:44:40,000 --> 00:44:43,000
but there's several telegrams

1378
00:44:43,000 --> 00:44:45,000
between J Edgar Hoover

1379
00:44:45,000 --> 00:44:47,000
and the Milwaukee FBI office,

1380
00:44:47,000 --> 00:44:49,000
specifically about what was

1381
00:44:49,000 --> 00:44:50,000
going on at Taliesin right in

1382
00:44:50,000 --> 00:44:51,000
1942-1943, in that period when

1383
00:44:51,000 --> 00:44:54,000
Priscilla and David Henken were

1384
00:44:54,000 --> 00:44:55,000
there.

1385
00:44:55,000 --> 00:44:56,000
So that was a real thrill for

1386
00:44:56,000 --> 00:44:58,000
us, and we got to really look

1387
00:44:58,000 --> 00:44:59,000
into that and write about that

1388
00:44:59,000 --> 00:45:01,000
experience.

1389
00:45:01,000 --> 00:45:02,000
Another thing that we looked

1390
00:45:02,000 --> 00:45:04,000
into was the film program at

1391
00:45:04,000 --> 00:45:05,000
Taliesin.

1392
00:45:05,000 --> 00:45:08,000
That was a really innovative and

1393
00:45:08,000 --> 00:45:10,000
unique project that Wright was

1394
00:45:10,000 --> 00:45:12,000
doing there, getting a lot of

1395
00:45:12,000 --> 00:45:15,000
films from New York and from

1396
00:45:15,000 --> 00:45:17,000
distributors.

1397
00:45:17,000 --> 00:45:18,000
He showed a lot of Russian

1398
00:45:18,000 --> 00:45:20,000
films.

1399
00:45:20,000 --> 00:45:21,000
He showed a lot of Disney films.

1400
00:45:21,000 --> 00:45:23,000
There's a pretty big variation

1401
00:45:23,000 --> 00:45:24,000
in the film program there, and

1402
00:45:24,000 --> 00:45:26,000
Priscilla goes through every

1403
00:45:26,000 --> 00:45:27,000
week in the diary and talks

1404
00:45:27,000 --> 00:45:29,000
about every film that they watch

1405
00:45:29,000 --> 00:45:32,000
and some of her impressions and

1406
00:45:32,000 --> 00:45:34,000
the other fellows impressions

1407
00:45:34,000 --> 00:45:35,000
and also Wright's impressions of

1408
00:45:35,000 --> 00:45:37,000
those films.

1409
00:45:37,000 --> 00:45:39,000
So that was something that we

1410
00:45:39,000 --> 00:45:42,000
kind of pulled out of the diary

1411
00:45:42,000 --> 00:45:43,000
as we were looking through it.

1412
00:45:43,000 --> 00:45:47,000
Another thing that we found

1413
00:45:47,000 --> 00:45:49,000
really interesting was her

1414
00:45:49,000 --> 00:45:52,000
discussion of being a Jewish

1415
00:45:52,000 --> 00:45:54,000
couple moving from New York City

1416
00:45:54,000 --> 00:45:57,000
into rural Wisconsin, and one of

1417
00:45:57,000 --> 00:45:59,000
the things that we all kind of

1418
00:45:59,000 --> 00:46:01,000
think we know about Wright is

1419
00:46:01,000 --> 00:46:03,000
his antisemitism.

1420
00:46:03,000 --> 00:46:05,000
So that was interesting watching

1421
00:46:05,000 --> 00:46:06,000
her kind of grapple with that

1422
00:46:06,000 --> 00:46:08,000
throughout the year that she was

1423
00:46:08,000 --> 00:46:09,000
there.

1424
00:46:09,000 --> 00:46:11,000
Of course, another thing that

1425
00:46:11,000 --> 00:46:12,000
she talks about a lot is her

1426
00:46:12,000 --> 00:46:13,000
experience of just being in

1427
00:46:13,000 --> 00:46:15,000
Wisconsin, of traveling around.

1428
00:46:15,000 --> 00:46:16,000
They went to Mineral Point.

1429
00:46:16,000 --> 00:46:18,000
She traveled through, she came

1430
00:46:18,000 --> 00:46:20,000
to Madison, walked around the

1431
00:46:20,000 --> 00:46:22,000
lakes, she talks about the

1432
00:46:22,000 --> 00:46:23,000
Isthmus, and she went into the

1433
00:46:23,000 --> 00:46:25,000
State Historical Society and the

1434
00:46:25,000 --> 00:46:26,000
Capitol.

1435
00:46:26,000 --> 00:46:28,000
It was neat for me, having, of

1436
00:46:28,000 --> 00:46:30,000
course, this connection with

1437
00:46:30,000 --> 00:46:32,000
Madison, to hear her views about

1438
00:46:32,000 --> 00:46:34,000
what she called the soldier

1439
00:46:34,000 --> 00:46:35,000
town, since, of course, she was

1440
00:46:35,000 --> 00:46:37,000
here during the war.

1441
00:46:37,000 --> 00:46:40,000
So, I going to turn this over to

1442
00:46:40,000 --> 00:46:43,000
the Henkens so they can read

1443
00:46:43,000 --> 00:46:44,000
from the diary, and you'll get a

1444
00:46:44,000 --> 00:46:47,000
sense of her.

1445
00:46:47,000 --> 00:46:48,000
But I just do want to say it's

1446
00:46:48,000 --> 00:46:50,000
such an honor for us to be part

1447
00:46:50,000 --> 00:46:51,000
of this project, and one of the

1448
00:46:51,000 --> 00:46:53,000
most fun things is when you read

1449
00:46:53,000 --> 00:46:54,000
someone else's diary, of course,

1450
00:46:54,000 --> 00:46:55,000
it's a very personal story, but

1451
00:46:55,000 --> 00:46:57,000
the way that Priscilla writes

1452
00:46:57,000 --> 00:46:59,000
the diary, she's a little

1453
00:46:59,000 --> 00:47:00,000
snarky.

1454
00:47:00,000 --> 00:47:02,000
She's not always, she is very

1455
00:47:02,000 --> 00:47:05,000
free with her discussion of

1456
00:47:05,000 --> 00:47:09,000
Wright and also Olgivanna

1457
00:47:09,000 --> 00:47:11,000
Wright, the third Mrs. Wright,

1458
00:47:11,000 --> 00:47:14,000
and that makes it fun to read,

1459
00:47:14,000 --> 00:47:15,000
but it's also a really nice,

1460
00:47:15,000 --> 00:47:17,000
on-the-ground reporting of what

1461
00:47:17,000 --> 00:47:18,000
was happening there.

1462
00:47:18,000 --> 00:47:20,000
One of the things that, as

1463
00:47:20,000 --> 00:47:22,000
Wright scholars that we've read

1464
00:47:22,000 --> 00:47:23,000
all of these memoirs of the

1465
00:47:23,000 --> 00:47:25,000
fellows that are written so many

1466
00:47:25,000 --> 00:47:26,000
decades after the fact, she's

1467
00:47:26,000 --> 00:47:29,000
really writing, she's able to be

1468
00:47:29,000 --> 00:47:30,000
a little more free in what she's

1469
00:47:30,000 --> 00:47:32,000
saying, which, of course, makes

1470
00:47:32,000 --> 00:47:33,000
it fun for us.

1471
00:47:33,000 --> 00:47:35,000
So, we went through and tried to

1472
00:47:35,000 --> 00:47:36,000
really pick out all of her

1473
00:47:36,000 --> 00:47:39,000
cultural references and expand

1474
00:47:39,000 --> 00:47:40,000
on those a little bit to make

1475
00:47:40,000 --> 00:47:42,000
the diary easier to read.

1476
00:47:42,000 --> 00:47:43,000
And we like to think of it as

1477
00:47:43,000 --> 00:47:45,000
kind of our story too, that

1478
00:47:45,000 --> 00:47:47,000
she's kind of telling this

1479
00:47:47,000 --> 00:47:48,000
broader story about Wright that

1480
00:47:48,000 --> 00:47:50,000
we can then learn to kind of

1481
00:47:50,000 --> 00:47:52,000
fill in our understanding of

1482
00:47:52,000 --> 00:47:53,000
Wright and his world.

1483
00:47:53,000 --> 00:47:55,000
But, of course, most

1484
00:47:55,000 --> 00:47:56,000
importantly, it's also her

1485
00:47:56,000 --> 00:47:57,000
personal story, her family's

1486
00:47:57,000 --> 00:47:58,000
story.

1487
00:47:58,000 --> 00:47:59,000
And, with that, I'll turn it

1488
00:47:59,000 --> 00:48:02,000
over to the Henkens.

1489
00:48:02,000 --> 00:48:04,000
[APPLAUSE]

1490
00:48:09,000 --> 00:48:11,000
>> So, I'm Mariamne.

1491
00:48:11,000 --> 00:48:13,000
Jonathan, Elissa, and as you can

1492
00:48:13,000 --> 00:48:15,000
tell from our biographies,

1493
00:48:15,000 --> 00:48:16,000
we're very well prepared to talk

1494
00:48:16,000 --> 00:48:18,000
to about Frank Lloyd Wright

1495
00:48:18,000 --> 00:48:19,000
architecture and historical

1496
00:48:19,000 --> 00:48:21,000
diary research.

1497
00:48:21,000 --> 00:48:23,000
[LAUGHTER]

1498
00:48:23,000 --> 00:48:25,000
In October 1942,

1499
00:48:25,000 --> 00:48:27,000
so 70 years ago, our parents,

1500
00:48:27,000 --> 00:48:29,000
Priscilla and David Henken, left

1501
00:48:29,000 --> 00:48:31,000
New York City to join the

1502
00:48:31,000 --> 00:48:33,000
Taliesin Fellowship in order to

1503
00:48:33,000 --> 00:48:35,000
study with Frank Lloyd Wright.

1504
00:48:35,000 --> 00:48:37,000
Priscilla, who graduated from

1505
00:48:37,000 --> 00:48:38,000
Hunter College and had a

1506
00:48:38,000 --> 00:48:40,000
master's in English from

1507
00:48:40,000 --> 00:48:42,000
Columbia by age 19, was a high

1508
00:48:42,000 --> 00:48:44,000
school English teacher.

1509
00:48:44,000 --> 00:48:45,000
David, who had a master's in

1510
00:48:45,000 --> 00:48:47,000
mechanical engineering from City

1511
00:48:47,000 --> 00:48:49,000
College, worked as a designer.

1512
00:48:49,000 --> 00:48:51,000
Both were children of Jewish

1513
00:48:51,000 --> 00:48:52,000
immigrants from the Ukraine who

1514
00:48:52,000 --> 00:48:54,000
worked in the garment and

1515
00:48:54,000 --> 00:48:55,000
millinery trades and were active

1516
00:48:55,000 --> 00:48:57,000
in unions.

1517
00:48:57,000 --> 00:48:59,000
David and Priscilla had a dream

1518
00:48:59,000 --> 00:49:00,000
of forming a cooperative

1519
00:49:00,000 --> 00:49:02,000
community in rural area outside

1520
00:49:02,000 --> 00:49:03,000
New York City.

1521
00:49:03,000 --> 00:49:05,000
When they saw an exhibit on

1522
00:49:05,000 --> 00:49:07,000
Frank Lloyd Wright's Broadacre

1523
00:49:07,000 --> 00:49:09,000
City, David realized that

1524
00:49:09,000 --> 00:49:10,000
Mr. Wright could help them with

1525
00:49:10,000 --> 00:49:12,000
both the architectural and

1526
00:49:12,000 --> 00:49:13,000
social visions for such a

1527
00:49:13,000 --> 00:49:15,000
community.

1528
00:49:15,000 --> 00:49:16,000
By the way, they also actually

1529
00:49:16,000 --> 00:49:18,000
found out that Frank Lloyd

1530
00:49:18,000 --> 00:49:19,000
Wright was still alive and that

1531
00:49:19,000 --> 00:49:20,000
it was possible to work with him

1532
00:49:20,000 --> 00:49:21,000
when they went to that exhibit

1533
00:49:21,000 --> 00:49:22,000
because he was such an icon,

1534
00:49:22,000 --> 00:49:24,000
they thought he had died.

1535
00:49:24,000 --> 00:49:25,000
[LAUGHTER]

1536
00:49:25,000 --> 00:49:26,000
Priscilla took leave from

1537
00:49:26,000 --> 00:49:28,000
teaching and, with Mr. Wright's

1538
00:49:28,000 --> 00:49:29,000
permission and his offer to have

1539
00:49:29,000 --> 00:49:31,000
David's tuition cover both of

1540
00:49:31,000 --> 00:49:34,000
them, accompanied David

1541
00:49:34,000 --> 00:49:35,000
to Taliesin.

1542
00:49:35,000 --> 00:49:37,000
They were 24 and 27 during their

1543
00:49:37,000 --> 00:49:39,000
year at Taliesin.

1544
00:49:39,000 --> 00:49:41,000
Priscilla kept a daily diary

1545
00:49:41,000 --> 00:49:43,000
while she was there.

1546
00:49:43,000 --> 00:49:45,000
While occasionally she read to

1547
00:49:45,000 --> 00:49:47,000
us, her three children, short,

1548
00:49:47,000 --> 00:49:48,000
entertaining passages from her

1549
00:49:48,000 --> 00:49:51,000
diary, most memorably a vivid

1550
00:49:51,000 --> 00:49:53,000
description of the Halloween

1551
00:49:53,000 --> 00:49:55,000
party that Sarah mentioned, we

1552
00:49:55,000 --> 00:49:57,000
never read it in its entirety

1553
00:49:57,000 --> 00:49:58,000
until long after her death at

1554
00:49:58,000 --> 00:50:01,000
age 50 in 1969 and after our

1555
00:50:01,000 --> 00:50:04,000
father's death in 1985.

1556
00:50:04,000 --> 00:50:06,000
For us, the diary gave us much

1557
00:50:06,000 --> 00:50:07,000
better understanding of an

1558
00:50:07,000 --> 00:50:09,000
experience that had been so

1559
00:50:09,000 --> 00:50:11,000
central to their lives and,

1560
00:50:11,000 --> 00:50:13,000
therefore, so central to our

1561
00:50:13,000 --> 00:50:15,000
lives.

1562
00:50:15,000 --> 00:50:16,000
The environment we grew up in

1563
00:50:16,000 --> 00:50:18,000
was very strongly influenced by

1564
00:50:18,000 --> 00:50:20,000
Frank Lloyd Wright.

1565
00:50:20,000 --> 00:50:21,000
Employing Mr. Wright's

1566
00:50:21,000 --> 00:50:23,000
principles, our father designed

1567
00:50:23,000 --> 00:50:24,000
and built our home in a

1568
00:50:24,000 --> 00:50:26,000
community our parents founded,

1569
00:50:26,000 --> 00:50:27,000
Usonia Homes in Pleasantville,

1570
00:50:27,000 --> 00:50:29,000
New York, in which Mr. Wright

1571
00:50:29,000 --> 00:50:31,000
was very involved in its initial

1572
00:50:31,000 --> 00:50:32,000
years.

1573
00:50:32,000 --> 00:50:34,000
We grew up hearing stories of

1574
00:50:34,000 --> 00:50:36,000
Taliesin and the Wrights from

1575
00:50:36,000 --> 00:50:37,000
many of our parents' friends who

1576
00:50:37,000 --> 00:50:39,000
had been at Taliesin, including

1577
00:50:39,000 --> 00:50:41,000
Pedro Guerrero, the great Wright

1578
00:50:41,000 --> 00:50:44,000
photographer who died recently.

1579
00:50:44,000 --> 00:50:46,000
And, as Sarah mentioned, another

1580
00:50:46,000 --> 00:50:49,000
very great friend, an old family

1581
00:50:49,000 --> 00:50:50,000
friend, Marcus Weston is in the

1582
00:50:50,000 --> 00:50:52,000
audience, who was a Taliesin

1583
00:50:52,000 --> 00:50:55,000
apprentice with them and played

1584
00:50:55,000 --> 00:50:58,000
a prominent role in the diary.

1585
00:50:58,000 --> 00:51:01,000
In a diary entry--

1586
00:51:01,000 --> 00:51:03,000
Oops.

1587
00:51:03,000 --> 00:51:04,000
>> Sorry.

1588
00:51:04,000 --> 00:51:05,000
>> That's okay.

1589
00:51:05,000 --> 00:51:06,000
Marcus.

1590
00:51:06,000 --> 00:51:09,000
[LAUGHTER]

1591
00:51:09,000 --> 00:51:11,000
In a diary entry

1592
00:51:11,000 --> 00:51:13,000
in her last week at Taliesin,

1593
00:51:13,000 --> 00:51:15,000
Priscilla wrote that Marcus is

1594
00:51:15,000 --> 00:51:17,000
one of the things for which we

1595
00:51:17,000 --> 00:51:21,000
have to be grateful to Taliesin.

1596
00:51:21,000 --> 00:51:24,000
>> Because the diary does not

1597
00:51:24,000 --> 00:51:25,000
lend itself to the reading of

1598
00:51:25,000 --> 00:51:26,000
long passages, we've put

1599
00:51:26,000 --> 00:51:28,000
together some themes found

1600
00:51:28,000 --> 00:51:30,000
throughout and illustrated those

1601
00:51:30,000 --> 00:51:32,000
with short readings from the

1602
00:51:32,000 --> 00:51:33,000
diary.

1603
00:51:33,000 --> 00:51:36,000
The diary begins in October

1604
00:51:36,000 --> 00:51:37,000
1942, 70 years ago, on their

1605
00:51:37,000 --> 00:51:39,000
first day as they eagerly throw

1606
00:51:39,000 --> 00:51:41,000
themselves into observing,

1607
00:51:41,000 --> 00:51:44,000
working, and learning.

1608
00:51:46,000 --> 00:51:49,000
>> Sorry.

1609
00:51:49,000 --> 00:51:51,000
Our first view of Taliesin in

1610
00:51:51,000 --> 00:51:54,000
daylight after 6:50 rising.

1611
00:51:54,000 --> 00:51:56,000
Beautiful view of sloping hills.

1612
00:51:56,000 --> 00:51:58,000
[MICROPHONE FEEDBACK]

1613
00:51:58,000 --> 00:52:00,000
A carved wooden figure

1614
00:52:00,000 --> 00:52:01,000
in the attitude of prayer

1615
00:52:01,000 --> 00:52:03,000
outside our bedroom window.

1616
00:52:03,000 --> 00:52:05,000
Fluffy white feathers on the

1617
00:52:05,000 --> 00:52:06,000
stairs as we went up to

1618
00:52:06,000 --> 00:52:07,000
breakfast,

1619
00:52:07,000 --> 00:52:09,000
escorted by David Davidson.

1620
00:52:09,000 --> 00:52:10,000
Feathers are peacocks',

1621
00:52:10,000 --> 00:52:12,000
white, gray, iridescent.

1622
00:52:12,000 --> 00:52:14,000
There are two little pea chicks.

1623
00:52:14,000 --> 00:52:16,000
There were five, but they died

1624
00:52:16,000 --> 00:52:17,000
as a result of being stuck

1625
00:52:17,000 --> 00:52:19,000
to a newly tarred roof.

1626
00:52:19,000 --> 00:52:22,000
[LAUGHTER]

1627
00:52:22,000 --> 00:52:23,000
Met Mr. Wright.

1628
00:52:23,000 --> 00:52:25,000
Wonderful, warm personality.

1629
00:52:25,000 --> 00:52:26,000
A man is no good without his

1630
00:52:26,000 --> 00:52:28,000
wife.

1631
00:52:28,000 --> 00:52:30,000
Dug up parsnips in the vegetable

1632
00:52:30,000 --> 00:52:31,000
garden with Ruth.

1633
00:52:31,000 --> 00:52:33,000
It's fun turning over the rich

1634
00:52:33,000 --> 00:52:35,000
brown earth and using a spading

1635
00:52:35,000 --> 00:52:36,000
fork.

1636
00:52:36,000 --> 00:52:38,000
Her enthusiasm frightens me.

1637
00:52:38,000 --> 00:52:40,000
She bit into a parsnip with the

1638
00:52:40,000 --> 00:52:41,000
wet earth clinging to it and

1639
00:52:41,000 --> 00:52:43,000
liked it.

1640
00:52:43,000 --> 00:52:45,000
I brushed mine off gently before

1641
00:52:45,000 --> 00:52:47,000
attempting to follow suit.

1642
00:52:47,000 --> 00:52:49,000
David hauled gravel from

1643
00:52:49,000 --> 00:52:51,000
Mazomanie.

1644
00:52:51,000 --> 00:52:53,000
Picked 6 bushels of apples with

1645
00:52:53,000 --> 00:52:54,000
Ruth and Marcus.

1646
00:52:54,000 --> 00:52:57,000
At tea, Mr. Wright told David to

1647
00:52:57,000 --> 00:52:58,000
sit next to me, and I said he

1648
00:52:58,000 --> 00:53:00,000
had to because I was the only

1649
00:53:00,000 --> 00:53:02,000
familiar thing he had seen all

1650
00:53:02,000 --> 00:53:04,000
day.

1651
00:53:04,000 --> 00:53:07,000
>> Entries recorded Fellowship

1652
00:53:07,000 --> 00:53:09,000
conversations and, of course,

1653
00:53:09,000 --> 00:53:11,000
Mr. Wright's comments about his

1654
00:53:11,000 --> 00:53:13,000
views, life, work, and his many

1655
00:53:13,000 --> 00:53:15,000
famous friends.

1656
00:53:15,000 --> 00:53:17,000
>> West despises Carl Sandburg

1657
00:53:17,000 --> 00:53:19,000
because he's a millionaire many

1658
00:53:19,000 --> 00:53:21,000
times over and poses as a common

1659
00:53:21,000 --> 00:53:22,000
man.

1660
00:53:22,000 --> 00:53:24,000
As a matter of fact, FLW teases

1661
00:53:24,000 --> 00:53:26,000
him for this too, once dressing

1662
00:53:26,000 --> 00:53:28,000
him up in corduroy baggy

1663
00:53:28,000 --> 00:53:30,000
trousers gathered at the ankle,

1664
00:53:30,000 --> 00:53:31,000
artist's cape, velveteen beret.

1665
00:53:31,000 --> 00:53:34,000
Both of them were snapped and

1666
00:53:34,000 --> 00:53:36,000
Sandburg has been trying to get

1667
00:53:36,000 --> 00:53:38,000
the picture ever since, fearing

1668
00:53:38,000 --> 00:53:39,000
that if it was published, it

1669
00:53:39,000 --> 00:53:41,000
would destroy his man of the

1670
00:53:41,000 --> 00:53:42,000
people reputation he's been

1671
00:53:42,000 --> 00:53:44,000
building up for years.

1672
00:53:44,000 --> 00:53:46,000
November 7.

1673
00:53:46,000 --> 00:53:48,000
>> Apprentices and their

1674
00:53:48,000 --> 00:53:50,000
partners were responsible for

1675
00:53:50,000 --> 00:53:52,000
almost all cooking, so it is not

1676
00:53:52,000 --> 00:53:53,000
surprising that the diary

1677
00:53:53,000 --> 00:53:55,000
includes many passages about

1678
00:53:55,000 --> 00:53:56,000
food preparation and menus.

1679
00:53:56,000 --> 00:53:58,000
The cooking also included some

1680
00:53:58,000 --> 00:53:59,000
risks.

1681
00:53:59,000 --> 00:54:01,000
In this passage, a cooking

1682
00:54:01,000 --> 00:54:03,000
injury reveals a very charming

1683
00:54:03,000 --> 00:54:05,000
Mr. Wright.

1684
00:54:05,000 --> 00:54:06,000
>> Peeled apples again.

1685
00:54:06,000 --> 00:54:08,000
Cut watermelon rinds for

1686
00:54:08,000 --> 00:54:09,000
pickling.

1687
00:54:09,000 --> 00:54:10,000
Knife went through middle of my

1688
00:54:10,000 --> 00:54:12,000
thumbnail and underneath.

1689
00:54:12,000 --> 00:54:13,000
Messy.

1690
00:54:13,000 --> 00:54:14,000
I nearly fainted twice.

1691
00:54:14,000 --> 00:54:16,000
The second time, FLW saw me turn

1692
00:54:16,000 --> 00:54:17,000
green.

1693
00:54:17,000 --> 00:54:19,000
A shade he afterward said

1694
00:54:19,000 --> 00:54:20,000
contrasted nicely with my hair,

1695
00:54:20,000 --> 00:54:22,000
which was red.

1696
00:54:22,000 --> 00:54:23,000
[LAUGHTER]

1697
00:54:23,000 --> 00:54:24,000
Led me to the hill garden

1698
00:54:24,000 --> 00:54:26,000
and spread a Chinese rug for me.

1699
00:54:26,000 --> 00:54:28,000
I said when I write my

1700
00:54:28,000 --> 00:54:30,000
autobiography, I'll say FLW

1701
00:54:30,000 --> 00:54:32,000
spread a carpet for me.

1702
00:54:32,000 --> 00:54:34,000
October 6.

1703
00:54:34,000 --> 00:54:36,000
>> She never had a chance to

1704
00:54:36,000 --> 00:54:38,000
write her autobiography, but she

1705
00:54:38,000 --> 00:54:41,000
did leave us this diary.

1706
00:54:41,000 --> 00:54:43,000
Some of the most interesting

1707
00:54:43,000 --> 00:54:44,000
passages of this contemporaneous

1708
00:54:44,000 --> 00:54:46,000
diary are those that expose the

1709
00:54:46,000 --> 00:54:48,000
reality behind the public

1710
00:54:48,000 --> 00:54:50,000
accounts of Frank Lloyd Wright

1711
00:54:50,000 --> 00:54:51,000
and Taliesin, whether presented

1712
00:54:51,000 --> 00:54:53,000
by Wright and the Fellowship or

1713
00:54:53,000 --> 00:54:55,000
by former apprentices in memoirs

1714
00:54:55,000 --> 00:54:57,000
written many years later.

1715
00:54:57,000 --> 00:54:59,000
The diary shows Priscilla's and

1716
00:54:59,000 --> 00:55:01,000
David's deep respect for

1717
00:55:01,000 --> 00:55:03,000
Mr. Wright as a genius and great

1718
00:55:03,000 --> 00:55:04,000
architect but also reveals many

1719
00:55:04,000 --> 00:55:06,000
negative aspects to their

1720
00:55:06,000 --> 00:55:09,000
Taliesin experience.

1721
00:55:09,000 --> 00:55:11,000
A Taliesin was apprenticeship

1722
00:55:11,000 --> 00:55:12,000
was described publicly as a time

1723
00:55:12,000 --> 00:55:14,000
of learning architecture and

1724
00:55:14,000 --> 00:55:16,000
aesthetic principles from the

1725
00:55:16,000 --> 00:55:17,000
master.

1726
00:55:17,000 --> 00:55:19,000
Apprentices were supposed to

1727
00:55:19,000 --> 00:55:20,000
become well-educated in the

1728
00:55:20,000 --> 00:55:22,000
arts, especially the visual arts

1729
00:55:22,000 --> 00:55:24,000
and music, and to learn

1730
00:55:24,000 --> 00:55:26,000
construction, stone masonry for

1731
00:55:26,000 --> 00:55:28,000
example, in order to understand

1732
00:55:28,000 --> 00:55:29,000
fully the principles of

1733
00:55:29,000 --> 00:55:31,000
architecture.

1734
00:55:31,000 --> 00:55:32,000
Apprentices, who all paid

1735
00:55:32,000 --> 00:55:34,000
tuition to Mr. Wright, also were

1736
00:55:34,000 --> 00:55:35,000
expected to share in the work of

1737
00:55:35,000 --> 00:55:37,000
maintaining the Fellowship and

1738
00:55:37,000 --> 00:55:39,000
farm.

1739
00:55:39,000 --> 00:55:40,000
This may sound very good, but

1740
00:55:40,000 --> 00:55:42,000
the diary shows a strong

1741
00:55:42,000 --> 00:55:44,000
imbalance in which the work of

1742
00:55:44,000 --> 00:55:45,000
supporting the Fellowship, and

1743
00:55:45,000 --> 00:55:47,000
more specifically the Wright

1744
00:55:47,000 --> 00:55:49,000
family, was the primary role of

1745
00:55:49,000 --> 00:55:51,000
the apprentices.

1746
00:55:51,000 --> 00:55:53,000
The architectural instruction,

1747
00:55:53,000 --> 00:55:55,000
even work such as a drafting,

1748
00:55:55,000 --> 00:55:57,000
took a back seat.

1749
00:55:57,000 --> 00:55:59,000
In October 1942, there were 22

1750
00:55:59,000 --> 00:56:01,000
people living and working at

1751
00:56:01,000 --> 00:56:03,000
Taliesin, as well as special

1752
00:56:03,000 --> 00:56:04,000
guests who came for visits of

1753
00:56:04,000 --> 00:56:07,000
various lengths.

1754
00:56:07,000 --> 00:56:08,000
Priscilla's work included being

1755
00:56:08,000 --> 00:56:10,000
the cook one week a month for

1756
00:56:10,000 --> 00:56:12,000
lunch and dinner for the entire

1757
00:56:12,000 --> 00:56:14,000
group, with separate menus for

1758
00:56:14,000 --> 00:56:15,000
the Wrights.

1759
00:56:15,000 --> 00:56:17,000
KP duty, vegetable gardening,

1760
00:56:17,000 --> 00:56:19,000
and other farm chores, weaving,

1761
00:56:19,000 --> 00:56:21,000
canning, cleaning, typing,

1762
00:56:21,000 --> 00:56:22,000
editing Mr. Wright's

1763
00:56:22,000 --> 00:56:24,000
autobiography, doing

1764
00:56:24,000 --> 00:56:26,000
architectural drawings, and

1765
00:56:26,000 --> 00:56:27,000
learning to play the recorder to

1766
00:56:27,000 --> 00:56:29,000
participate in the concerts

1767
00:56:29,000 --> 00:56:30,000
given by the Fellowship.

1768
00:56:30,000 --> 00:56:32,000
David's work included farm

1769
00:56:32,000 --> 00:56:34,000
chores.

1770
00:56:34,000 --> 00:56:35,000
Hauling gravel, boiler duty,

1771
00:56:35,000 --> 00:56:37,000
tending to the boiler in the

1772
00:56:37,000 --> 00:56:38,000
winter could be a full-time job

1773
00:56:38,000 --> 00:56:41,000
involving getting up every two

1774
00:56:41,000 --> 00:56:43,000
hours during the night.

1775
00:56:43,000 --> 00:56:44,000
KP duty, baking for and

1776
00:56:44,000 --> 00:56:46,000
preparing afternoon tea,

1777
00:56:46,000 --> 00:56:48,000
building stone walls, drafting,

1778
00:56:48,000 --> 00:56:50,000
doing building repairs, and,

1779
00:56:50,000 --> 00:56:52,000
after Mr. Wright found out David

1780
00:56:52,000 --> 00:56:54,000
was the only one who knew a

1781
00:56:54,000 --> 00:56:55,000
great deal about electricity and

1782
00:56:55,000 --> 00:56:58,000
lighting, rewiring Taliesin and

1783
00:56:58,000 --> 00:56:59,000
putting in permanent wiring in

1784
00:56:59,000 --> 00:57:01,000
certain areas for the first

1785
00:57:01,000 --> 00:57:03,000
time.

1786
00:57:03,000 --> 00:57:05,000
There is no mention in the diary

1787
00:57:05,000 --> 00:57:06,000
of instructional time, only of

1788
00:57:06,000 --> 00:57:08,000
Mr. Wright talking with the boys

1789
00:57:08,000 --> 00:57:10,000
in the evening.

1790
00:57:10,000 --> 00:57:12,000
Though sometimes there was

1791
00:57:12,000 --> 00:57:14,000
praise, the hard work was made

1792
00:57:14,000 --> 00:57:16,000
more difficult due to frequent

1793
00:57:16,000 --> 00:57:17,000
criticism and ever-changing

1794
00:57:17,000 --> 00:57:20,000
demands, mostly by Mrs. Wright.

1795
00:57:20,000 --> 00:57:22,000
Examples of this often show up

1796
00:57:22,000 --> 00:57:26,000
in descriptions of cooking duty.

1797
00:57:26,000 --> 00:57:27,000
>> Cooked all day with the last

1798
00:57:27,000 --> 00:57:29,000
minute's rush.

1799
00:57:29,000 --> 00:57:31,000
Not even time to sit down.

1800
00:57:31,000 --> 00:57:32,000
Mrs. Wright felt too nauseous

1801
00:57:32,000 --> 00:57:34,000
for roast chicken, so I boiled

1802
00:57:34,000 --> 00:57:35,000
it for her.

1803
00:57:35,000 --> 00:57:37,000
When it was completely boiled,

1804
00:57:37,000 --> 00:57:38,000
she sent word that she felt

1805
00:57:38,000 --> 00:57:40,000
better and wanted it roasted.

1806
00:57:40,000 --> 00:57:42,000
[LAUGHTER]

1807
00:57:42,000 --> 00:57:43,000
So, presto chango, a boiled

1808
00:57:43,000 --> 00:57:45,000
chicken became a roasted one.

1809
00:57:45,000 --> 00:57:48,000
November 29.

1810
00:57:48,000 --> 00:57:49,000
My hatred for la dame is burning

1811
00:57:49,000 --> 00:57:51,000
with a gem-like flame.

1812
00:57:51,000 --> 00:57:54,000
[LAUGHTER]

1813
00:57:54,000 --> 00:57:55,000
Steak approved by Kay

1814
00:57:55,000 --> 00:57:57,000
and specially prepared for her

1815
00:57:57,000 --> 00:57:59,000
was too dry.

1816
00:57:59,000 --> 00:58:01,000
Jell-O, too hard.

1817
00:58:01,000 --> 00:58:03,000
It's a comfort to know that FLW

1818
00:58:03,000 --> 00:58:05,000
yelled, "Dammit, woman, that's

1819
00:58:05,000 --> 00:58:06,000
the way I like it."

1820
00:58:06,000 --> 00:58:08,000
When I told her she would have

1821
00:58:08,000 --> 00:58:09,000
beef shortly because they had

1822
00:58:09,000 --> 00:58:11,000
butchered yesterday, she whined,

1823
00:58:11,000 --> 00:58:12,000
"Now I won't eat the meat.

1824
00:58:12,000 --> 00:58:14,000
Don't you know I can't have

1825
00:58:14,000 --> 00:58:16,000
personal relations with animals.

1826
00:58:16,000 --> 00:58:17,000
I'm too sensitive."

1827
00:58:17,000 --> 00:58:20,000
February 6.

1828
00:58:20,000 --> 00:58:22,000
>> As we grew up hearing of long

1829
00:58:22,000 --> 00:58:23,000
conversations with former

1830
00:58:23,000 --> 00:58:25,000
apprentices at the dinner table,

1831
00:58:25,000 --> 00:58:26,000
we realized that while everyone

1832
00:58:26,000 --> 00:58:29,000
showed great respect for

1833
00:58:29,000 --> 00:58:31,000
Mr. Wright even while

1834
00:58:31,000 --> 00:58:32,000
recognizing some of his less

1835
00:58:32,000 --> 00:58:34,000
admirable traits, the behavior

1836
00:58:34,000 --> 00:58:36,000
of his wife, Olgivanna, evoked

1837
00:58:36,000 --> 00:58:38,000
comments that showed their pain

1838
00:58:38,000 --> 00:58:39,000
and anger.

1839
00:58:39,000 --> 00:58:41,000
Everything they did, no matter

1840
00:58:41,000 --> 00:58:42,000
how small, was open to a

1841
00:58:42,000 --> 00:58:43,000
criticism.

1842
00:58:43,000 --> 00:58:45,000
While some of her comment may be

1843
00:58:45,000 --> 00:58:47,000
dismissed as merely irritating,

1844
00:58:47,000 --> 00:58:48,000
Mrs. Wright's attacks could be

1845
00:58:48,000 --> 00:58:50,000
more serious and led to the

1846
00:58:50,000 --> 00:58:51,000
dismissal or resignations of

1847
00:58:51,000 --> 00:58:53,000
apprentices.

1848
00:58:53,000 --> 00:58:55,000
>> Gordon Lee, fine draftsman,

1849
00:58:55,000 --> 00:58:57,000
owned a dog of which he was very

1850
00:58:57,000 --> 00:58:59,000
fond.

1851
00:58:59,000 --> 00:59:00,000
When its barking became too

1852
00:59:00,000 --> 00:59:02,000
annoying, Mrs. W asked him to

1853
00:59:02,000 --> 00:59:04,000
shoot the dog, whereupon he told

1854
00:59:04,000 --> 00:59:06,000
her to shoot Twip, her dog.

1855
00:59:06,000 --> 00:59:08,000
Up shot, immediate dismissal.

1856
00:59:08,000 --> 00:59:09,000
November 4.

1857
00:59:09,000 --> 00:59:11,000
>> One apprentice, Eleanor,

1858
00:59:11,000 --> 00:59:12,000
had become very ill from an

1859
00:59:12,000 --> 00:59:13,000
abscessed tooth and was being

1860
00:59:13,000 --> 00:59:15,000
nursed by another apprentice,

1861
00:59:15,000 --> 00:59:18,000
Kenn.

1862
00:59:18,000 --> 00:59:19,000
>> Mrs. Wright discovered today,

1863
00:59:19,000 --> 00:59:21,000
though why not sooner with Kay

1864
00:59:21,000 --> 00:59:23,000
around I don't know, that

1865
00:59:23,000 --> 00:59:25,000
Eleanor was being taken care of

1866
00:59:25,000 --> 00:59:26,000
by Kenn in his room.

1867
00:59:26,000 --> 00:59:28,000
She stormed up after supper,

1868
00:59:28,000 --> 00:59:30,000
told her her behavior was

1869
00:59:30,000 --> 00:59:31,000
disgusting and morally

1870
00:59:31,000 --> 00:59:33,000
revolting.

1871
00:59:33,000 --> 00:59:34,000
What would people think if they

1872
00:59:34,000 --> 00:59:36,000
knew that she had a male nurse?

1873
00:59:36,000 --> 00:59:37,000
That she was a burden to the

1874
00:59:37,000 --> 00:59:38,000
fellowship and she'd always

1875
00:59:38,000 --> 00:59:40,000
been.

1876
00:59:40,000 --> 00:59:41,000
That she should have taken

1877
00:59:41,000 --> 00:59:42,000
Mrs. Wright into her confidence

1878
00:59:42,000 --> 00:59:44,000
where she was or that her room

1879
00:59:44,000 --> 00:59:45,000
was too cold, etc, etc, etc.

1880
00:59:45,000 --> 00:59:47,000
Eleanor returned

1881
00:59:47,000 --> 00:59:49,000
pretty nearly in kind.

1882
00:59:49,000 --> 00:59:50,000
Eleanor decided to leave

1883
00:59:50,000 --> 00:59:52,000
tomorrow, though we tried to

1884
00:59:52,000 --> 00:59:53,000
dissuade her.

1885
00:59:53,000 --> 00:59:55,000
December 11.

1886
00:59:55,000 --> 00:59:58,000
>> FLW once drove his car and

1887
00:59:58,000 --> 00:59:59,000
wrecked it so badly that repairs

1888
00:59:59,000 --> 01:00:02,000
cost $1500.

1889
01:00:02,000 --> 01:00:04,000
He asked Rowen and Jerry to pick

1890
01:00:04,000 --> 01:00:06,000
it up on their return from a

1891
01:00:06,000 --> 01:00:07,000
visit to California, and asked

1892
01:00:07,000 --> 01:00:09,000
Rowen's father for the money.

1893
01:00:09,000 --> 01:00:11,000
Rowen, Sr, refused.

1894
01:00:11,000 --> 01:00:13,000
Wright wrote him, "If this is

1895
01:00:13,000 --> 01:00:14,000
all the Fellowship means to you,

1896
01:00:14,000 --> 01:00:16,000
both your children can leave

1897
01:00:16,000 --> 01:00:17,000
immediately."

1898
01:00:17,000 --> 01:00:19,000
They did when things became

1899
01:00:19,000 --> 01:00:21,000
more unpleasant.

1900
01:00:21,000 --> 01:00:23,000
Temper, temperament, or God.

1901
01:00:23,000 --> 01:00:25,000
November 3.

1902
01:00:25,000 --> 01:00:26,000
>> As can be seen, it was not

1903
01:00:26,000 --> 01:00:28,000
just Mrs. Wright who acted

1904
01:00:28,000 --> 01:00:29,000
imperiously.

1905
01:00:29,000 --> 01:00:31,000
With Mr. Wright, the

1906
01:00:31,000 --> 01:00:32,000
precipitating factor could be

1907
01:00:32,000 --> 01:00:34,000
what he viewed as disloyalty or,

1908
01:00:34,000 --> 01:00:36,000
more often, an issue of money,

1909
01:00:36,000 --> 01:00:38,000
as the last example shows.

1910
01:00:38,000 --> 01:00:39,000
One of the recurring themes of

1911
01:00:39,000 --> 01:00:41,000
the diary, as well as stories

1912
01:00:41,000 --> 01:00:43,000
many of you may know from former

1913
01:00:43,000 --> 01:00:44,000
apprentices, Spring Green

1914
01:00:44,000 --> 01:00:46,000
merchants, building suppliers,

1915
01:00:46,000 --> 01:00:48,000
contractors, clients, involved

1916
01:00:48,000 --> 01:00:50,000
Mr. Wright's debts, refusal to

1917
01:00:50,000 --> 01:00:52,000
pay bills, an expectations of

1918
01:00:52,000 --> 01:00:54,000
what should be paid to him as a

1919
01:00:54,000 --> 01:00:56,000
great architect.

1920
01:00:56,000 --> 01:00:59,000
[LAUGHTER]

1921
01:00:59,000 --> 01:01:01,000
>> Financial ethics here are

1922
01:01:01,000 --> 01:01:02,000
dormant, if at all alive.

1923
01:01:02,000 --> 01:01:04,000
Eleanor was once asked to pass a

1924
01:01:04,000 --> 01:01:05,000
bad check for lumber, and after

1925
01:01:05,000 --> 01:01:07,000
months of hiding in the desert

1926
01:01:07,000 --> 01:01:08,000
every time collectors were

1927
01:01:08,000 --> 01:01:10,000
eminent, the bill was finally

1928
01:01:10,000 --> 01:01:11,000
paid.

1929
01:01:11,000 --> 01:01:13,000
November 3.

1930
01:01:13,000 --> 01:01:14,000
Mr. Wright asked David to lend

1931
01:01:14,000 --> 01:01:16,000
him money so that he could

1932
01:01:16,000 --> 01:01:17,000
$1,000 for the last installments

1933
01:01:17,000 --> 01:01:19,000
on the car.

1934
01:01:19,000 --> 01:01:21,000
David explained that he didn't

1935
01:01:21,000 --> 01:01:23,000
get money from his parents but

1936
01:01:23,000 --> 01:01:24,000
worked for everything he paid

1937
01:01:24,000 --> 01:01:25,000
into this.

1938
01:01:25,000 --> 01:01:27,000
Mr. Wright reminded him of the

1939
01:01:27,000 --> 01:01:29,000
favor he was doing in regards to

1940
01:01:29,000 --> 01:01:31,000
me, and David is signing a note

1941
01:01:31,000 --> 01:01:32,000
for $450, the rest of his

1942
01:01:32,000 --> 01:01:35,000
tuition fee due in January.

1943
01:01:35,000 --> 01:01:37,000
The same old struggle about

1944
01:01:37,000 --> 01:01:39,000
whether the world owes Wright a

1945
01:01:39,000 --> 01:01:40,000
living.

1946
01:01:40,000 --> 01:01:41,000
He knows it does.

1947
01:01:41,000 --> 01:01:43,000
But are the apprentices the

1948
01:01:43,000 --> 01:01:44,000
world?

1949
01:01:44,000 --> 01:01:45,000
They certainly give as much or

1950
01:01:45,000 --> 01:01:47,000
more than they take.

1951
01:01:47,000 --> 01:01:49,000
November 23.

1952
01:01:49,000 --> 01:01:51,000
Everyone's labor here is cheap,

1953
01:01:51,000 --> 01:01:53,000
but that of the king and queen.

1954
01:01:53,000 --> 01:01:55,000
Mrs. Williams, the housekeeper,

1955
01:01:55,000 --> 01:01:57,000
is paid 25 cents an hour.

1956
01:01:57,000 --> 01:01:59,000
The seamstress working 9 to 10

1957
01:01:59,000 --> 01:02:02,000
hours a day was paid $6 a day.

1958
01:02:02,000 --> 01:02:04,000
She even worked Sunday.

1959
01:02:04,000 --> 01:02:06,000
Hers was the sort of

1960
01:02:06,000 --> 01:02:08,000
professional skill that should

1961
01:02:08,000 --> 01:02:10,000
have received from $75 to $100

1962
01:02:10,000 --> 01:02:12,000
for a 5-day week.

1963
01:02:12,000 --> 01:02:14,000
The same tactics they use on

1964
01:02:14,000 --> 01:02:15,000
chicken farmers and small

1965
01:02:15,000 --> 01:02:17,000
storekeepers here.

1966
01:02:17,000 --> 01:02:18,000
Credit and credit with no cash

1967
01:02:18,000 --> 01:02:20,000
to back it up but wild hopes

1968
01:02:20,000 --> 01:02:22,000
that they may beg or borrow some

1969
01:02:22,000 --> 01:02:25,000
and very few debts paid.

1970
01:02:25,000 --> 01:02:27,000
The world owes me a living,

1971
01:02:27,000 --> 01:02:29,000
hey-ho.

1972
01:02:29,000 --> 01:02:33,000
December 8.

1973
01:02:33,000 --> 01:02:35,000
I have a sneaking suspicion that

1974
01:02:35,000 --> 01:02:36,000
an army of Wright creditors

1975
01:02:36,000 --> 01:02:37,000
could write an amazing subrosa

1976
01:02:37,000 --> 01:02:39,000
biography.

1977
01:02:39,000 --> 01:02:40,000
[LAUGHTER]

1978
01:02:40,000 --> 01:02:41,000
November 24.

1979
01:02:41,000 --> 01:02:42,000
As debts mount and credit is

1980
01:02:42,000 --> 01:02:43,000
harder to get, it seems that the

1981
01:02:43,000 --> 01:02:45,000
farming going on at Taliesin

1982
01:02:45,000 --> 01:02:47,000
would help with its survival.

1983
01:02:47,000 --> 01:02:49,000
While the Fellowship may have

1984
01:02:49,000 --> 01:02:51,000
strived for self-sufficiency,

1985
01:02:51,000 --> 01:02:53,000
inefficiency, inexperience, or

1986
01:02:53,000 --> 01:02:55,000
poor management undermined a lot

1987
01:02:55,000 --> 01:02:57,000
of hard work which was

1988
01:02:57,000 --> 01:02:58,000
especially important during the

1989
01:02:58,000 --> 01:03:00,000
shortages and rationing during

1990
01:03:00,000 --> 01:03:02,000
World War II.

1991
01:03:02,000 --> 01:03:03,000
>> Five rows of lettuce plowed

1992
01:03:03,000 --> 01:03:05,000
under.

1993
01:03:05,000 --> 01:03:06,000
Ditto two rows of peas.

1994
01:03:06,000 --> 01:03:07,000
Ditto three of chard.

1995
01:03:07,000 --> 01:03:09,000
A hundred sixty quarts of peas

1996
01:03:09,000 --> 01:03:11,000
and beans spoiled.

1997
01:03:11,000 --> 01:03:13,000
One hundred fifty pounds of pig

1998
01:03:13,000 --> 01:03:14,000
inadvertently spoiled in the

1999
01:03:14,000 --> 01:03:15,000
sun.

2000
01:03:15,000 --> 01:03:17,000
Vegetables picked, forgotten,

2001
01:03:17,000 --> 01:03:19,000
and thrown to the pigs or

2002
01:03:19,000 --> 01:03:20,000
chickens.

2003
01:03:20,000 --> 01:03:21,000
Seventy eggs going into three

2004
01:03:21,000 --> 01:03:24,000
loaves of babba, which is then

2005
01:03:24,000 --> 01:03:25,000
rocked in a pillow so it won't

2006
01:03:25,000 --> 01:03:27,000
settle.

2007
01:03:27,000 --> 01:03:28,000
Plows, rakes, hoes, wire,

2008
01:03:28,000 --> 01:03:31,000
rusting in weather of all sorts

2009
01:03:31,000 --> 01:03:33,000
and forgotten.

2010
01:03:33,000 --> 01:03:35,000
Berries neglected on the bushes.

2011
01:03:35,000 --> 01:03:37,000
Man power used to dress up a

2012
01:03:37,000 --> 01:03:39,000
house instead of to repair it.

2013
01:03:39,000 --> 01:03:41,000
All to show off for guests.

2014
01:03:41,000 --> 01:03:43,000
A tempting false front

2015
01:03:43,000 --> 01:03:44,000
and shabby rear.

2016
01:03:44,000 --> 01:03:47,000
August 6.

2017
01:03:47,000 --> 01:03:49,000
>> Imagine a young couple

2018
01:03:49,000 --> 01:03:50,000
arriving from New York City with

2019
01:03:50,000 --> 01:03:52,000
all their youthful idealism and

2020
01:03:52,000 --> 01:03:54,000
dreams, expecting a supportive,

2021
01:03:54,000 --> 01:03:56,000
creative, intellectually

2022
01:03:56,000 --> 01:03:58,000
stimulating environment, full of

2023
01:03:58,000 --> 01:04:00,000
hard work but also learning.

2024
01:04:00,000 --> 01:04:02,000
Instead, they find that the

2025
01:04:02,000 --> 01:04:04,000
community is not very open to

2026
01:04:04,000 --> 01:04:05,000
new-comers who are then judged

2027
01:04:05,000 --> 01:04:07,000
quickly as suitable or not.

2028
01:04:07,000 --> 01:04:09,000
There's a strong in group with

2029
01:04:09,000 --> 01:04:11,000
power residing with Mrs. Wright

2030
01:04:11,000 --> 01:04:12,000
and her favorites and exclusion

2031
01:04:12,000 --> 01:04:14,000
of those deemed unworthy.

2032
01:04:14,000 --> 01:04:16,000
Apparently, from the diary and

2033
01:04:16,000 --> 01:04:18,000
from other apprentices' stories

2034
01:04:18,000 --> 01:04:20,000
and memoirs, it was wrong to be

2035
01:04:20,000 --> 01:04:22,000
too knowledgeable, too funny,

2036
01:04:22,000 --> 01:04:25,000
too intellectual, too much a

2037
01:04:25,000 --> 01:04:27,000
lefty, and to be a Jew at all.

2038
01:04:27,000 --> 01:04:29,000
While Mr. Wright and many others

2039
01:04:29,000 --> 01:04:31,000
did not agree with all these

2040
01:04:31,000 --> 01:04:32,000
approaches, it was not easy

2041
01:04:32,000 --> 01:04:37,000
to change the dynamics.

2042
01:04:37,000 --> 01:04:38,000
>> Fortunately, Mr. Wright

2043
01:04:38,000 --> 01:04:40,000
protects most people from his

2044
01:04:40,000 --> 01:04:42,000
wife's tongue, seeing in them

2045
01:04:42,000 --> 01:04:44,000
human faults, frequently his

2046
01:04:44,000 --> 01:04:45,000
own.

2047
01:04:45,000 --> 01:04:47,000
But no one dares speak up for

2048
01:04:47,000 --> 01:04:49,000
anyone officially disliked.

2049
01:04:49,000 --> 01:04:50,000
He must hide his affection or

2050
01:04:50,000 --> 01:04:52,000
loyalty like a light under a

2051
01:04:52,000 --> 01:04:54,000
bushel.

2052
01:04:54,000 --> 01:04:56,000
November 26.

2053
01:04:56,000 --> 01:04:57,000
>> It seems our parents were not

2054
01:04:57,000 --> 01:04:59,000
expecting to encounter

2055
01:04:59,000 --> 01:05:00,000
antisemitism at Taliesin.

2056
01:05:00,000 --> 01:05:02,000
It came from some apprentices,

2057
01:05:02,000 --> 01:05:04,000
such as the one who told

2058
01:05:04,000 --> 01:05:06,000
another, referring to David,

2059
01:05:06,000 --> 01:05:07,000
that he'd like to do something

2060
01:05:07,000 --> 01:05:09,000
to that dirty kike who's always

2061
01:05:09,000 --> 01:05:11,000
monopolizing the conversation.

2062
01:05:11,000 --> 01:05:13,000
The situation was even more

2063
01:05:13,000 --> 01:05:15,000
difficult because Mrs. Wright,

2064
01:05:15,000 --> 01:05:17,000
obviously a powerful force in

2065
01:05:17,000 --> 01:05:18,000
the Fellowship, held her own

2066
01:05:18,000 --> 01:05:20,000
strong negative views on Jews

2067
01:05:20,000 --> 01:05:21,000
and intellectuals.

2068
01:05:21,000 --> 01:05:23,000
>> When I went down to

2069
01:05:23,000 --> 01:05:25,000
Mrs. Wright to ask her about her

2070
01:05:25,000 --> 01:05:27,000
meal, she sidetracked by an

2071
01:05:27,000 --> 01:05:28,000
article by Ben Hecht in Reader's

2072
01:05:28,000 --> 01:05:30,000
Digest to the Jewish problem.

2073
01:05:30,000 --> 01:05:32,000
Why don't the Jews get a great

2074
01:05:32,000 --> 01:05:34,000
military leader who is also an

2075
01:05:34,000 --> 01:05:36,000
idealist and fight for a land of

2076
01:05:36,000 --> 01:05:38,000
their own?

2077
01:05:38,000 --> 01:05:39,000
They could concur any country

2078
01:05:39,000 --> 01:05:41,000
they wanted to.

2079
01:05:41,000 --> 01:05:42,000
When I suggested Herzl and

2080
01:05:42,000 --> 01:05:44,000
Zionism and Arab-Jewish unions

2081
01:05:44,000 --> 01:05:46,000
and opposition by feudal lords

2082
01:05:46,000 --> 01:05:48,000
instigated by England, she

2083
01:05:48,000 --> 01:05:49,000
ranted, "There you go again,

2084
01:05:49,000 --> 01:05:51,000
like all Jews,

2085
01:05:51,000 --> 01:05:52,000
intellectualizing.

2086
01:05:52,000 --> 01:05:54,000
You have no creative urge and no

2087
01:05:54,000 --> 01:05:55,000
initiative.

2088
01:05:55,000 --> 01:05:57,000
Your only initiative takes the

2089
01:05:57,000 --> 01:05:59,000
bad form of aggressiveness.

2090
01:05:59,000 --> 01:06:01,000
I told a Jewish friend of mine

2091
01:06:01,000 --> 01:06:02,000
that the only reason she's

2092
01:06:02,000 --> 01:06:04,000
creative is that she's part

2093
01:06:04,000 --> 01:06:06,000
gentile."

2094
01:06:06,000 --> 01:06:08,000
February 3.

2095
01:06:08,000 --> 01:06:09,000
>> The diary ends abruptly

2096
01:06:09,000 --> 01:06:11,000
with no explanation.

2097
01:06:11,000 --> 01:06:12,000
In the weeks leading up to the

2098
01:06:12,000 --> 01:06:13,000
last entry, there are brief

2099
01:06:13,000 --> 01:06:15,000
comments about plans to return

2100
01:06:15,000 --> 01:06:17,000
to New York, but the departure

2101
01:06:17,000 --> 01:06:19,000
seems very sudden,

2102
01:06:19,000 --> 01:06:20,000
with no discussion of packing

2103
01:06:20,000 --> 01:06:22,000
or leave taking.

2104
01:06:22,000 --> 01:06:23,000
We guess that tirades, like the

2105
01:06:23,000 --> 01:06:24,000
above for Mrs. Wright who held

2106
01:06:24,000 --> 01:06:25,000
so much power along with the

2107
01:06:25,000 --> 01:06:27,000
behavior of her clique of

2108
01:06:27,000 --> 01:06:29,000
followers, made Priscilla's time

2109
01:06:29,000 --> 01:06:31,000
there unpleasant enough to

2110
01:06:31,000 --> 01:06:34,000
leave.

2111
01:06:34,000 --> 01:06:37,000
>> As we discussed in an essay

2112
01:06:37,000 --> 01:06:39,000
in the book, not only did our

2113
01:06:39,000 --> 01:06:41,000
parents survive the experience,

2114
01:06:41,000 --> 01:06:42,000
they also used what they learned

2115
01:06:42,000 --> 01:06:44,000
to create their dream of a

2116
01:06:44,000 --> 01:06:46,000
cooperative community: Usonia

2117
01:06:46,000 --> 01:06:48,000
Homes, which, by the way, this

2118
01:06:48,000 --> 01:06:50,000
past September 5th was listed

2119
01:06:50,000 --> 01:06:52,000
with the National Register

2120
01:06:52,000 --> 01:06:55,000
of Historic Places.

2121
01:06:55,000 --> 01:06:56,000
While the architectural

2122
01:06:56,000 --> 01:06:58,000
instruction at Taliesin was not

2123
01:06:58,000 --> 01:07:00,000
often direct, the emerging

2124
01:07:00,000 --> 01:07:02,000
process seems to have worked for

2125
01:07:02,000 --> 01:07:04,000
those like David and many other

2126
01:07:04,000 --> 01:07:06,000
apprentices who pushed hard to

2127
01:07:06,000 --> 01:07:08,000
learn.

2128
01:07:08,000 --> 01:07:09,000
At David's request, Mr. Wright

2129
01:07:09,000 --> 01:07:11,000
was actively involved in the

2130
01:07:11,000 --> 01:07:13,000
Usonia project for several

2131
01:07:13,000 --> 01:07:14,000
years, including drawing up the

2132
01:07:14,000 --> 01:07:16,000
original site plan and designing

2133
01:07:16,000 --> 01:07:18,000
several houses, for two of which

2134
01:07:18,000 --> 01:07:20,000
David was the builder.

2135
01:07:20,000 --> 01:07:22,000
David designed 13 of the homes

2136
01:07:22,000 --> 01:07:24,000
built in Usonia and many others

2137
01:07:24,000 --> 01:07:26,000
in New York and nearby states.

2138
01:07:26,000 --> 01:07:28,000
As we were growing up, we

2139
01:07:28,000 --> 01:07:30,000
watched enumerable groups,

2140
01:07:30,000 --> 01:07:32,000
architectural classes, and

2141
01:07:32,000 --> 01:07:34,000
individuals tour through Usonia,

2142
01:07:34,000 --> 01:07:36,000
often walking around our house

2143
01:07:36,000 --> 01:07:37,000
and staring in the windows.

2144
01:07:37,000 --> 01:07:40,000
In 1952, David supervised the

2145
01:07:40,000 --> 01:07:43,000
construction on the site where

2146
01:07:43,000 --> 01:07:45,000
the Guggenheim now stands of the

2147
01:07:45,000 --> 01:07:47,000
pavilion and model home designed

2148
01:07:47,000 --> 01:07:49,000
by Mr. Wright for an exhibit

2149
01:07:49,000 --> 01:07:50,000
celebrating 60 years of his

2150
01:07:50,000 --> 01:07:52,000
work.

2151
01:07:52,000 --> 01:07:54,000
Currently, an exhibit at the

2152
01:07:54,000 --> 01:07:55,000
Guggenheim is celebrating the

2153
01:07:55,000 --> 01:07:57,000
60th anniversary of that 1952

2154
01:07:57,000 --> 01:07:59,000
exhibit.

2155
01:07:59,000 --> 01:08:01,000
Priscilla returned to high

2156
01:08:01,000 --> 01:08:03,000
school teaching but also wrote.

2157
01:08:03,000 --> 01:08:04,000
One of her essays is in the

2158
01:08:04,000 --> 01:08:05,000
book.

2159
01:08:05,000 --> 01:08:06,000
And gave lectures on Wright's

2160
01:08:06,000 --> 01:08:08,000
organic architecture and on

2161
01:08:08,000 --> 01:08:10,000
Taliesin.

2162
01:08:10,000 --> 01:08:13,000
Our presentation has given you

2163
01:08:13,000 --> 01:08:15,000
only brief glimpses into the

2164
01:08:15,000 --> 01:08:17,000
diary, but we hope you will be

2165
01:08:17,000 --> 01:08:19,000
intrigued by this personal

2166
01:08:19,000 --> 01:08:21,000
account of a young, idealistic

2167
01:08:21,000 --> 01:08:23,000
couple's year at Taliesin and

2168
01:08:23,000 --> 01:08:24,000
the insights it provides

2169
01:08:24,000 --> 01:08:26,000
into Frank Lloyd Wright

2170
01:08:26,000 --> 01:08:28,000
and his Fellowship.

2171
01:08:28,000 --> 01:08:32,000
[APPLAUSE]