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cc

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>> Horticulturist at Monches

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Farm in Colgate, Wisconsin.

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And how many of you have been to

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Monches Farm?

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Very nice.

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Thank you.

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I appreciate that.

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For those of you who haven't,

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we're about an hour drive from

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here, about 30 miles northwest

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of downtown Milwaukee.

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We've been growing perennials

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for 33 years now.

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We grow about 2,000 varieties of

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hardy field-grown perennials as

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well as unusual annuals and

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tropicals.

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We also have a gift shop with

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antiques, and we do custom dried

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floral design and that sort of

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thing.

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We're on a rustic designated

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Wisconsin Rustic Road.

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It's really a beautiful drive

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out there.

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So I'd love to have you come

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visit us sometime.

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We present our plants in kind of

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a unique way in that we plant,

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we pot up the plants, we sink

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the pot in the ground, and they

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stay in the ground there until

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they go home with a gardener.

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So our plants are all out there

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in the sales yard now.

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We do cover them with straw for

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the winter months.

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As soon as things thaw in the

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spring, we'll be raking the

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straw off, and you will know

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that plant has already been

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through a Wisconsin winter when

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you take it home to your garden.

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So what we're going to be

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talking about today is common

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mistakes beginning perennial

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gardeners make and how to avoid

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them.

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And I hate to start with soil

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because I know that for so many

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people soil is just a snoozer,

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and you kind of lose people

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right from the get-go.

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But it is absolutely the

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foundation of developing a good

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perennial garden.

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And it's one of the few mistakes

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that you can't easily go back

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and correct after the fact.

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So in planning you garden, it

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really makes sense to get the

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soil prepared correctly because

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you're going to have such a more

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satisfactory experience.

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No matter how wonderful the

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plants are that you put into

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your garden, if you don't have

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good soil, you're not going to

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have success and it's not going

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to be a good experience for you.

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So, how do you go about figuring

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out how to amend the soil?

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First you want to know what your

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existing soil is.

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And the soil is determined by

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the underlying bedrock.

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And the fact that we have had

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glaciation in southern Wisconsin

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really makes that kind of a

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complicated situation.

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I live in West Bend, and on the

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south side of town the soil is

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very clay and loam and on the

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north side of town it's very

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sandy.

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So don't assume that your soil

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is the same as your friend or

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your neighbor just because they

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live in you proximity.

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It really, soil types can vary

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greatly within a very small

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locality because of the

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glaciation.

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The basic types of soil that

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you'll find in this area are

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sandy soil, which these things

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are sort of obvious, but the

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soil particles are very large so

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the roots can grow very readily

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through them.

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Plants actually love to grow in

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sand and grow very well in sand.

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The problem is that nutrients

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and moisture passes very readily

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through sandy soil.

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So you need to constantly be

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supplementing those if you're

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growing in a real sandy soil.

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On the opposite extreme, you

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have the clay soil, which has

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very small soil particles, tends

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to hold water, and tends to

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become very waterlogged.

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It's also very difficult for

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roots to penetrate, particularly

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when it dries.

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It can become almost like

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concrete.

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But it is a more nutrient rich

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soil than the sandy soil.

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And the way that you would take

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either of these extremes and

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make them into the ideal garden

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soil, which is loam, would be by

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adding organic matter.

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Either to clay soil or to sandy

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soil, the addition of organic

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matter is going to give you your

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desirable end soil, which is

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loam.

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Some people think if you take a

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clay soil and you add sand that

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makes it drain more readily.

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In fact, it doesn't.

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It actually worsens the

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situation.

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So if you are going to bring in

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new soil, and this is what we

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often do with our beds.

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I don't know if I have a pointer

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on here or not.

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I don't think I do.

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But we prepare the garden bed,

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and then we actually bring in

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and berm up with introduced

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soil.

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And if you're purchasing soil,

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you want to make sure you don't

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buy just what is often called

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brown topsoil or black topsoil

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because a lot of times you're

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going to just be buying in what

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you already have as your native

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soil.

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So you really want to buy in a

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blended mix.

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And if you are working with a

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reputable dealer and you tell

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them what you're after, they can

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help you pick out what that mix

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is.

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It's going to vary depending

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upon who the distributor is.

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But, basically, you want soil

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that's actually mixed with some

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sort of organic matter, some

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sort of compost.

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We sometimes actually start with

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a plant starter mix, which is

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usually used for nurseries, to

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establish our beds.

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And if you are going to be

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adding to your existing soil,

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you want to bring in organic

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matter.

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And we have found that the

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absolute best compost we can

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purchase is what's called

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mushroom compost.

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And in the Milwaukee area, we

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get it from a place called

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Certified Products in New

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Berlin, but I'm sure it's

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available other places also.

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It is just phenomenal stuff.

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If you mix your organic matter

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with your native soil about

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one-third to two-thirds, you

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till that in, you just get

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amazing performance from your

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plants.

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If you want to know what you

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have in terms of nutrient

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content and that sort of thing

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in your existing soil, the best

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thing to do is to take a soil

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sample.

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And because the soil can really

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vary even within your own piece

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of property, you usually are

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going to want to take a number

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of soil samples from throughout

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your property and submit them to

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the UW Soil Testing Lab.

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I didn't print out handouts for

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today, but all this information,

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you don't have to write down

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these websites and stuff because

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all this information is

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available on our website,

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MonchesFarm.com.

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If you go to the latest news

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page, there's a link to a three-

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or four-page handout that has

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all this information on it that

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you can print out.

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So if you send your soil into

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the UW Soil Testing Lab, they're

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going to tell you what the

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nutrient content is, what the pH

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is, and what they would

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recommend in terms of additions.

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And there are many, many soil

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nutrients, but the three that

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are considered the primary

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nutrients because they are most

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used by plants and they move

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most readily through the soil

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and therefore are the ones that

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you most frequently have to

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supplement are nitrogen,

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phosphorus, and potassium.

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And when you see a fertilizer

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bag and it has the three

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numbers, 10, 10, 10 or 10, 25,

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or whatever, those are what the

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three numbers are.

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The first number is nitrogen,

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the second number is phosphorus,

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and the last number is

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potassium.

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The nitrogen tends to push a lot

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of leafy growth.

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So that's why lawn fertilizers

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will have a high first number.

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If you're emphasis is on growing

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fruit or on trying to produce

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blossoms, usually you're looking

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for a higher middle number

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because the phosphorus is what

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affects that type of growth.

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Although, our native soils in

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Wisconsin do tend to naturally

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be quite high in phosphorus.

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And the potassium just sort of

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is for overall plant health.

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Soil pH is another

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consideration.

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This, just like the soil type,

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is determined by the underlying

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bedrock.

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So again, in southern Wisconsin

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where we have limestone, our

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soils tend to be very alkaline.

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You get a little bit more

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acidity in the northern part of

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the state.

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And this affects the type of

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plants you grow.

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Plants that like to grow in a

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more acidic soil, just a couple

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examples here, rhododendron and

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blueberries, are unable to pick

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up the nutrients they need out

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of a more alkaline soil.

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So they do not tend to thrive.

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And that's why these plants

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you'll struggle to succeed with.

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Another thing, and many people

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have some awareness of this but

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maybe a little bit of

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misunderstanding of the plants

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that are influenced, sometimes

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the flower color can be

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influenced by soil pH.

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In very, very few plants the big

288
00:08:47,900 --> 00:08:50,533
leaf hydrangeas or the Hydrangea

289
00:08:50,533 --> 00:08:52,666
macrophylla, which are the ones

290
00:08:52,666 --> 00:08:54,933
that can produce the blue flower

291
00:08:54,933 --> 00:08:57,266
heads, those ones will change

292
00:08:57,266 --> 00:08:59,000
color depending upon the soil

293
00:08:59,000 --> 00:09:00,066
acidity.

294
00:09:00,066 --> 00:09:01,333
They'll be blue in acid soil;

295
00:09:01,333 --> 00:09:02,600
they'll be pink in alkaline

296
00:09:02,600 --> 00:09:03,800
soil.

297
00:09:03,800 --> 00:09:05,900
And that's why oftentimes if you

298
00:09:05,900 --> 00:09:08,233
buy one of these at the nursery

299
00:09:08,233 --> 00:09:10,133
and it's blue when you get it,

300
00:09:10,133 --> 00:09:12,700
it may be pink in future years,

301
00:09:12,700 --> 00:09:14,266
if it blooms at all, quite

302
00:09:14,266 --> 00:09:15,700
frankly, because many of them

303
00:09:15,700 --> 00:09:17,966
don't tend to be bud hardy here.

304
00:09:17,966 --> 00:09:20,766
But that does not apply to the

305
00:09:20,766 --> 00:09:22,833
other two species of hydrangea

306
00:09:22,833 --> 00:09:24,000
that you frequently see.

307
00:09:24,000 --> 00:09:26,833
The snowball type, Hydrangea

308
00:09:26,833 --> 00:09:28,266
arborescens and the Hydrangea

309
00:09:28,266 --> 00:09:29,766
paniculata, which is the fall

310
00:09:29,766 --> 00:09:31,000
blooming one.

311
00:09:31,000 --> 00:09:33,300
Those two, they're going to be

312
00:09:33,300 --> 00:09:35,533
white, fading to green or rose

313
00:09:35,533 --> 00:09:37,100
color regardless of the soil

314
00:09:37,100 --> 00:09:38,633
acidity.

315
00:09:38,633 --> 00:09:41,800
But a lot of people want to try

316
00:09:41,800 --> 00:09:43,400
to grow blueberries or they want

317
00:09:43,400 --> 00:09:44,700
to try to get that blue

318
00:09:44,700 --> 00:09:47,100
hydrangea color, and you can

319
00:09:47,100 --> 00:09:49,866
supplement the soils with

320
00:09:49,866 --> 00:09:52,600
aluminum sulfate to make them

321
00:09:52,600 --> 00:09:54,300
more acidic.

322
00:09:54,300 --> 00:09:56,333
But I really think probably the

323
00:09:56,333 --> 00:09:58,266
best approach is to grow plants

324
00:09:58,266 --> 00:10:00,166
that are better adapted the

325
00:10:00,166 --> 00:10:01,466
growing in the soil that you

326
00:10:01,466 --> 00:10:02,666
actually have.

327
00:10:02,666 --> 00:10:03,866
You're almost fighting a losing

328
00:10:03,866 --> 00:10:05,933
battle to try to be constantly

329
00:10:05,933 --> 00:10:07,233
changing the soil pH around that

330
00:10:07,233 --> 00:10:08,300
plant.

331
00:10:08,300 --> 00:10:10,466
It can be done, but it's sort of

332
00:10:10,466 --> 00:10:14,300
a short-term fix.

333
00:10:14,300 --> 00:10:16,866
So moving on from soils, putting

334
00:10:16,866 --> 00:10:18,133
a garden or a plant in the wrong

335
00:10:18,133 --> 00:10:21,233
place.

336
00:10:21,233 --> 00:10:22,800
So the solution to this,

337
00:10:22,800 --> 00:10:25,100
obviously, you want to evaluate

338
00:10:25,100 --> 00:10:26,366
your site and you want to

339
00:10:26,366 --> 00:10:28,600
research your plant selection.

340
00:10:28,600 --> 00:10:30,166
Your site considerations would

341
00:10:30,166 --> 00:10:31,966
be number one, which we already

342
00:10:31,966 --> 00:10:33,100
talked about.

343
00:10:33,100 --> 00:10:34,433
The soil type, the pH, and the

344
00:10:34,433 --> 00:10:36,500
nutrient content.

345
00:10:36,500 --> 00:10:39,100
The sun exposure, the moisture

346
00:10:39,100 --> 00:10:40,700
levels, and then what I'm

347
00:10:40,700 --> 00:10:43,400
calling special considerations.

348
00:10:43,400 --> 00:10:44,700
So, sun exposure, a lot of

349
00:10:44,700 --> 00:10:46,333
people say I don't have full sun

350
00:10:46,333 --> 00:10:48,166
in that spot, thinking that full

351
00:10:48,166 --> 00:10:50,033
sun means that there is not one

352
00:10:50,033 --> 00:10:51,733
bit of shade, it's blasting sun

353
00:10:51,733 --> 00:10:53,233
all day.

354
00:10:53,233 --> 00:10:54,933
Full sun for a plant really

355
00:10:54,933 --> 00:10:56,666
means five or more hours of sun

356
00:10:56,666 --> 00:10:57,766
a day.

357
00:10:57,766 --> 00:10:58,966
So you have a lot more

358
00:10:58,966 --> 00:11:00,266
versatility than I think a lot

359
00:11:00,266 --> 00:11:01,933
of people think and think

360
00:11:01,933 --> 00:11:03,400
they're restricted to shade

361
00:11:03,400 --> 00:11:04,800
plants if they don't have that

362
00:11:04,800 --> 00:11:07,166
really truly full sun all day.

363
00:11:07,166 --> 00:11:08,466
If you have five or more hours,

364
00:11:08,466 --> 00:11:10,233
that is full sun as far as the

365
00:11:10,233 --> 00:11:12,733
plant is concerned.

366
00:11:12,733 --> 00:11:14,033
And three to five hours, partial

367
00:11:14,033 --> 00:11:15,800
shade, two to three hours,

368
00:11:15,800 --> 00:11:17,200
shade, and zero to two hours is

369
00:11:17,200 --> 00:11:18,933
dense shade.

370
00:11:18,933 --> 00:11:20,133
And you really also want to

371
00:11:20,133 --> 00:11:21,233
consider the source of the

372
00:11:21,233 --> 00:11:22,400
shade.

373
00:11:22,400 --> 00:11:23,666
If you're underneath a tree,

374
00:11:23,666 --> 00:11:25,266
depending upon the density of

375
00:11:25,266 --> 00:11:26,766
the canopy cover, underneath a

376
00:11:26,766 --> 00:11:28,500
locust tree, there may be

377
00:11:28,500 --> 00:11:29,766
dappled light throughout the day

378
00:11:29,766 --> 00:11:30,900
down there.

379
00:11:30,900 --> 00:11:32,433
Underneath a maple tree, it's

380
00:11:32,433 --> 00:11:34,133
quite dense, but the worst shade

381
00:11:34,133 --> 00:11:36,833
to try to deal with is that

382
00:11:36,833 --> 00:11:38,400
that's cast by structures or by

383
00:11:38,400 --> 00:11:39,466
buildings.

384
00:11:39,466 --> 00:11:40,700
So on the north side of the

385
00:11:40,700 --> 00:11:43,266
house, there may literally be no

386
00:11:43,266 --> 00:11:45,500
sun that ever hits that spot,

387
00:11:45,500 --> 00:11:47,200
and that certainly becomes a

388
00:11:47,200 --> 00:11:51,333
challenge in plant selection.

389
00:11:51,333 --> 00:11:52,566
Moisture levels, drainage

390
00:11:52,566 --> 00:11:54,533
issues, and access to water.

391
00:11:54,533 --> 00:11:56,766
There may be an area, certainly

392
00:11:56,766 --> 00:11:58,266
this has to do with your soil

393
00:11:58,266 --> 00:12:00,333
type also, but if there's an

394
00:12:00,333 --> 00:12:01,633
area that floods in the spring,

395
00:12:01,633 --> 00:12:03,433
you're going to want to have

396
00:12:03,433 --> 00:12:05,166
plants that can tolerate that,

397
00:12:05,166 --> 00:12:06,400
being submerged for some period

398
00:12:06,400 --> 00:12:07,700
of time.

399
00:12:07,700 --> 00:12:08,900
If there's an area that's very

400
00:12:08,900 --> 00:12:10,200
dry, a slope that drains really

401
00:12:10,200 --> 00:12:11,466
quickly.

402
00:12:11,466 --> 00:12:12,900
But lastly, and I think some

403
00:12:12,900 --> 00:12:14,133
people don't think about this,

404
00:12:14,133 --> 00:12:15,300
access to water.

405
00:12:15,300 --> 00:12:16,666
How readily can you get your

406
00:12:16,666 --> 00:12:18,666
hose to that spot?

407
00:12:18,666 --> 00:12:19,800
It's a lot easier to water

408
00:12:19,800 --> 00:12:20,833
plants that are right in your

409
00:12:20,833 --> 00:12:22,100
foundation planting, but if

410
00:12:22,100 --> 00:12:23,233
you're going to put your

411
00:12:23,233 --> 00:12:24,533
perennial garden way at the back

412
00:12:24,533 --> 00:12:25,633
of your property, you're going

413
00:12:25,633 --> 00:12:26,666
to have to put three lengths of

414
00:12:26,666 --> 00:12:28,166
hose on in order to get to it,

415
00:12:28,166 --> 00:12:29,300
you're probably not going to

416
00:12:29,300 --> 00:12:30,666
water it as frequently as you

417
00:12:30,666 --> 00:12:31,766
really need to.

418
00:12:31,766 --> 00:12:34,033
So think about access to water

419
00:12:34,033 --> 00:12:36,066
also.

420
00:12:36,066 --> 00:12:37,700
And special considerations could

421
00:12:37,700 --> 00:12:38,933
be many, many things, but some

422
00:12:38,933 --> 00:12:40,700
of the most prominent that I run

423
00:12:40,700 --> 00:12:43,533
into, number one, high winds.

424
00:12:43,533 --> 00:12:45,033
We do tend to get a lot of high

425
00:12:45,033 --> 00:12:47,066
winds running across what used

426
00:12:47,066 --> 00:12:48,500
to be the prairie here in

427
00:12:48,500 --> 00:12:50,733
southern Wisconsin.

428
00:12:50,733 --> 00:12:52,300
So plants that have sort of

429
00:12:52,300 --> 00:12:54,033
tender stems that might not

430
00:12:54,033 --> 00:12:56,000
withstand those winds, you want

431
00:12:56,000 --> 00:12:59,433
to have sturdy stem perennials

432
00:12:59,433 --> 00:13:01,266
for a windy site or possibly

433
00:13:01,266 --> 00:13:04,100
some sort of screening.

434
00:13:04,100 --> 00:13:06,733
Areas where kids or dogs are

435
00:13:06,733 --> 00:13:07,900
running.

436
00:13:07,900 --> 00:13:09,033
If there's going to be a lot of

437
00:13:09,033 --> 00:13:10,566
foot traffic, you definitely are

438
00:13:10,566 --> 00:13:11,700
going to want to pick plants

439
00:13:11,700 --> 00:13:12,900
that can take a little bit of

440
00:13:12,900 --> 00:13:15,533
abuse.

441
00:13:15,533 --> 00:13:17,033
And salt runoff, if it's next to

442
00:13:17,033 --> 00:13:18,700
a walkway or a driveway and

443
00:13:18,700 --> 00:13:21,166
you're going to have salt

444
00:13:21,166 --> 00:13:23,033
running off, you really want to

445
00:13:23,033 --> 00:13:24,633
consider, number one, there are

446
00:13:24,633 --> 00:13:26,266
products that you can use,

447
00:13:26,266 --> 00:13:28,766
different alternatives for

448
00:13:28,766 --> 00:13:30,966
deicing besides salt.

449
00:13:30,966 --> 00:13:32,933
But if you are going to be using

450
00:13:32,933 --> 00:13:34,366
salt, you may want to select

451
00:13:34,366 --> 00:13:35,633
plants for those areas that have

452
00:13:35,633 --> 00:13:38,133
higher salt tolerance.

453
00:13:38,133 --> 00:13:41,533
And we do have a number of

454
00:13:41,533 --> 00:13:43,100
special use lists on our

455
00:13:43,100 --> 00:13:45,333
website, again MonchesFarm.com.

456
00:13:45,333 --> 00:13:47,333
It's a this and that page, and I

457
00:13:47,333 --> 00:13:48,966
did put a link to that page on

458
00:13:48,966 --> 00:13:52,400
our latest news section also.

459
00:13:52,400 --> 00:13:53,866
If you want to access some of

460
00:13:53,866 --> 00:13:55,966
these lists, these are lists of

461
00:13:55,966 --> 00:13:58,166
plants that are salt tolerant,

462
00:13:58,166 --> 00:13:59,333
plants that are drought

463
00:13:59,333 --> 00:14:00,700
tolerant, plants that will grow

464
00:14:00,700 --> 00:14:04,800
in a wet site, perennials.

465
00:14:04,800 --> 00:14:07,066
Another common mistake is

466
00:14:07,066 --> 00:14:09,433
planting invasive plants.

467
00:14:09,433 --> 00:14:11,966
How many of you know what the

468
00:14:11,966 --> 00:14:14,800
plant is that's in that picture?

469
00:14:14,800 --> 00:14:17,800
Well, this is what's called

470
00:14:17,800 --> 00:14:19,466
Lysimachia clethroides or

471
00:14:19,466 --> 00:14:21,366
gooseneck loosestrife.

472
00:14:21,366 --> 00:14:23,033
Now, we all know of the pink

473
00:14:23,033 --> 00:14:24,566
loosestrife as an invasive

474
00:14:24,566 --> 00:14:26,033
plant, actually illegal to grow

475
00:14:26,033 --> 00:14:28,266
in this state.

476
00:14:28,266 --> 00:14:30,700
That's Lycknis salicaria.

477
00:14:30,700 --> 00:14:31,833
It's actually a completely

478
00:14:31,833 --> 00:14:33,233
unrelated plant, but they just

479
00:14:33,233 --> 00:14:34,466
happen to have the same common

480
00:14:34,466 --> 00:14:35,800
name, and we're going to talk

481
00:14:35,800 --> 00:14:38,033
about botanical nomenclature

482
00:14:38,033 --> 00:14:39,600
later also.

483
00:14:39,600 --> 00:14:41,433
But this is a beautiful plant.

484
00:14:41,433 --> 00:14:43,333
It has that kind of gooseneck

485
00:14:43,333 --> 00:14:45,100
shaped flower.

486
00:14:45,100 --> 00:14:46,500
It's really very pretty lovely

487
00:14:46,500 --> 00:14:48,800
cut flower.

488
00:14:48,800 --> 00:14:50,433
And when I was first introduced

489
00:14:50,433 --> 00:14:52,366
to this plant, I was told, oh,

490
00:14:52,366 --> 00:14:54,233
it's so great because it weaves

491
00:14:54,233 --> 00:14:55,933
the garden together.

492
00:14:55,933 --> 00:14:57,800
Well, indeed it does.

493
00:14:57,800 --> 00:15:00,633
[LAUGHTER]

494
00:15:00,633 --> 00:15:02,300
And I think a lot of times

495
00:15:02,300 --> 00:15:04,233
people, when they start out

496
00:15:04,233 --> 00:15:07,900
gardening, they're really drawn

497
00:15:07,900 --> 00:15:09,133
to some of these plants that

498
00:15:09,133 --> 00:15:10,533
tend to be invasive.

499
00:15:10,533 --> 00:15:11,666
And I think there's a couple

500
00:15:11,666 --> 00:15:12,800
reasons for that.

501
00:15:12,800 --> 00:15:13,933
Number one, a lot of times

502
00:15:13,933 --> 00:15:15,766
beginning gardeners start out by

503
00:15:15,766 --> 00:15:17,366
obtaining their plants at plant

504
00:15:17,366 --> 00:15:18,733
exchanges.

505
00:15:18,733 --> 00:15:19,966
And there's a lot of nice plants

506
00:15:19,966 --> 00:15:21,133
at plant exchanges, but you

507
00:15:21,133 --> 00:15:22,933
really need to be knowledgeable

508
00:15:22,933 --> 00:15:24,166
about what you're acquiring

509
00:15:24,166 --> 00:15:25,500
there because a lot of times the

510
00:15:25,500 --> 00:15:26,733
reason the plant is at the plant

511
00:15:26,733 --> 00:15:27,966
exchange is because that person

512
00:15:27,966 --> 00:15:29,433
had a whole bunch of it in their

513
00:15:29,433 --> 00:15:31,400
yard.

514
00:15:31,400 --> 00:15:33,500
And so a lot of times there's

515
00:15:33,500 --> 00:15:36,000
some not really great plants at

516
00:15:36,000 --> 00:15:37,466
those plant exchanges.

517
00:15:37,466 --> 00:15:38,700
Plus, when you come into the

518
00:15:38,700 --> 00:15:40,433
nursery and the plant that most

519
00:15:40,433 --> 00:15:41,800
appeals to you is the one that

520
00:15:41,800 --> 00:15:43,866
just looks so gorgeous and big

521
00:15:43,866 --> 00:15:46,233
and full and healthy in the pot,

522
00:15:46,233 --> 00:15:48,300
well, again, those oftentimes

523
00:15:48,300 --> 00:15:49,466
are the plants that are very

524
00:15:49,466 --> 00:15:51,366
aggressive.

525
00:15:51,366 --> 00:15:52,933
And these are kind of the catch

526
00:15:52,933 --> 00:15:54,500
words you'll want to look for in

527
00:15:54,500 --> 00:15:57,700
signage or in catalogs are

528
00:15:57,700 --> 00:16:02,000
vigorous, enthusiastic, or

529
00:16:02,000 --> 00:16:03,600
eager.

530
00:16:03,600 --> 00:16:05,033
You might want to steer away

531
00:16:05,033 --> 00:16:06,500
from those plants.

532
00:16:06,500 --> 00:16:07,866
[LAUGHTER]

533
00:16:07,866 --> 00:16:09,366
And this plant that we're seeing

534
00:16:09,366 --> 00:16:10,933
here in the pot, this is taken

535
00:16:10,933 --> 00:16:12,500
at Monches Farm.

536
00:16:12,500 --> 00:16:14,100
This is a plant that we sell.

537
00:16:14,100 --> 00:16:15,466
It is actually a plant that I

538
00:16:15,466 --> 00:16:16,766
really like.

539
00:16:16,766 --> 00:16:18,166
It's called a mountain mint,

540
00:16:18,166 --> 00:16:19,766
Pycnanthemum.

541
00:16:19,766 --> 00:16:21,000
It's actually a native prairie

542
00:16:21,000 --> 00:16:22,233
plant.

543
00:16:22,233 --> 00:16:23,633
But you see what it's doing.

544
00:16:23,633 --> 00:16:25,200
It's trying to leap out of the

545
00:16:25,200 --> 00:16:26,633
pot, and you can see that's how

546
00:16:26,633 --> 00:16:27,966
it's going to grow.

547
00:16:27,966 --> 00:16:29,133
Many members of the mint family

548
00:16:29,133 --> 00:16:30,633
do grow this way.

549
00:16:30,633 --> 00:16:32,166
So it's a fine plant, but you

550
00:16:32,166 --> 00:16:33,933
need to have an awareness going

551
00:16:33,933 --> 00:16:35,533
in of what the behavior of that

552
00:16:35,533 --> 00:16:37,233
plant is going to be and do you

553
00:16:37,233 --> 00:16:40,533
want that in that site.

554
00:16:40,533 --> 00:16:42,566
There are two kinds of plants

555
00:16:42,566 --> 00:16:44,066
that can be invasive.

556
00:16:44,066 --> 00:16:45,366
One are plants that run from the

557
00:16:45,366 --> 00:16:46,633
roots like this, and the other

558
00:16:46,633 --> 00:16:49,733
are plants that seed.

559
00:16:49,733 --> 00:16:51,133
And I actually find the plants

560
00:16:51,133 --> 00:16:52,300
that seed a little easier to

561
00:16:52,300 --> 00:16:53,400
deal with because if you get in

562
00:16:53,400 --> 00:16:54,800
there and you dead-head them,

563
00:16:54,800 --> 00:16:56,033
you don't have so much of that

564
00:16:56,033 --> 00:16:57,100
issue.

565
00:16:57,100 --> 00:16:58,466
Plus, you can pull out the

566
00:16:58,466 --> 00:16:59,500
seedlings.

567
00:16:59,500 --> 00:17:00,600
These ones that run can really

568
00:17:00,600 --> 00:17:01,766
be terrible because they get

569
00:17:01,766 --> 00:17:03,933
into your other perennials and

570
00:17:03,933 --> 00:17:05,500
they're coming up 20 feet away

571
00:17:05,500 --> 00:17:07,766
and I have a little more of a

572
00:17:07,766 --> 00:17:09,100
problem with those.

573
00:17:09,100 --> 00:17:10,533
But just as with the plant

574
00:17:10,533 --> 00:17:12,133
exchanges, be a little bit

575
00:17:12,133 --> 00:17:14,100
cautious about generous

576
00:17:14,100 --> 00:17:15,600
neighbors who are sharing things

577
00:17:15,600 --> 00:17:18,166
with you because oftentimes it's

578
00:17:18,166 --> 00:17:19,433
the plants that they have way

579
00:17:19,433 --> 00:17:21,033
too much of.

580
00:17:21,033 --> 00:17:22,466
And when you go to the nursery,

581
00:17:22,466 --> 00:17:24,100
try to shop at nurseries that

582
00:17:24,100 --> 00:17:26,166
have knowledgeable staff that

583
00:17:26,166 --> 00:17:27,300
can help you with your plant

584
00:17:27,300 --> 00:17:28,400
selection.

585
00:17:28,400 --> 00:17:30,066
And there's lots of wonderful

586
00:17:30,066 --> 00:17:31,700
nurseries represented here at

587
00:17:31,700 --> 00:17:32,966
the Garden Expo so it's a great

588
00:17:32,966 --> 00:17:35,000
starting point.

589
00:17:35,000 --> 00:17:36,466
Another mistake: buying all of

590
00:17:36,466 --> 00:17:38,200
your plants at once and not

591
00:17:38,200 --> 00:17:39,800
remembering about the change of

592
00:17:39,800 --> 00:17:40,966
seasons.

593
00:17:40,966 --> 00:17:42,066
And I see this a lot.

594
00:17:42,066 --> 00:17:43,200
People come in, they decide

595
00:17:43,200 --> 00:17:44,333
they're going to put in a

596
00:17:44,333 --> 00:17:45,333
perennial garden so they come in

597
00:17:45,333 --> 00:17:46,466
in May, and they buy all the

598
00:17:46,466 --> 00:17:47,900
really pretty plants in May.

599
00:17:47,900 --> 00:17:48,933
Well, what are you going to

600
00:17:48,933 --> 00:17:49,933
pick?

601
00:17:49,933 --> 00:17:51,000
You're going to pick all the

602
00:17:51,000 --> 00:17:52,066
plants that are blooming in May.

603
00:17:52,066 --> 00:17:53,200
So you're going to have a really

604
00:17:53,200 --> 00:17:54,400
nice garden in May, you might

605
00:17:54,400 --> 00:17:55,466
have a nice garden going into

606
00:17:55,466 --> 00:17:56,733
June, but there's absolutely

607
00:17:56,733 --> 00:17:58,100
nothing going on in July,

608
00:17:58,100 --> 00:17:59,733
August, September, October.

609
00:17:59,733 --> 00:18:04,000
Most perennials, in exchange for

610
00:18:04,000 --> 00:18:05,533
them living year to year, bloom

611
00:18:05,533 --> 00:18:08,266
for two to three weeks.

612
00:18:08,266 --> 00:18:09,800
Some of them will bloom as long

613
00:18:09,800 --> 00:18:10,933
as six weeks.

614
00:18:10,933 --> 00:18:12,033
Those are the really long

615
00:18:12,033 --> 00:18:13,266
blooming ones.

616
00:18:13,266 --> 00:18:14,866
So you really have to make sure

617
00:18:14,866 --> 00:18:16,533
you're selecting plants that are

618
00:18:16,533 --> 00:18:18,200
going to be blooming over the

619
00:18:18,200 --> 00:18:21,900
course of the entire season.

620
00:18:21,900 --> 00:18:23,433
And here's just looking at the

621
00:18:23,433 --> 00:18:25,100
same garden in different seasons

622
00:18:25,100 --> 00:18:27,066
to see how things change over

623
00:18:27,066 --> 00:18:28,266
the course of the season.

624
00:18:28,266 --> 00:18:29,866
You want something going on

625
00:18:29,866 --> 00:18:31,300
throughout the season.

626
00:18:31,300 --> 00:18:32,900
So, how do you get away from

627
00:18:32,900 --> 00:18:33,933
that mistake?

628
00:18:33,933 --> 00:18:35,066
Number one, give yourself a few

629
00:18:35,066 --> 00:18:38,166
years to build your garden.

630
00:18:38,166 --> 00:18:39,400
You don't have to plant it all

631
00:18:39,400 --> 00:18:40,800
that first year.

632
00:18:40,800 --> 00:18:42,133
That way you can experiment with

633
00:18:42,133 --> 00:18:43,300
plants.

634
00:18:43,300 --> 00:18:44,933
You can buy one or two of this.

635
00:18:44,933 --> 00:18:47,633
And ideally they say, well, you

636
00:18:47,633 --> 00:18:49,066
want to have sweeps of plants.

637
00:18:49,066 --> 00:18:50,400
You want to have three or five.

638
00:18:50,400 --> 00:18:53,466
That's fine and ultimately

639
00:18:53,466 --> 00:18:54,900
that's true, but I think when

640
00:18:54,900 --> 00:18:56,500
you're really starting out it's

641
00:18:56,500 --> 00:18:57,933
not a bad idea to buy one of

642
00:18:57,933 --> 00:18:59,100
these, one of these.

643
00:18:59,100 --> 00:19:02,333
Put them in, see how they grow

644
00:19:02,333 --> 00:19:04,566
in your area, see how you like

645
00:19:04,566 --> 00:19:06,200
them, and see how they thrive

646
00:19:06,200 --> 00:19:07,666
and if you want to add to them.

647
00:19:07,666 --> 00:19:09,666
So do give yourself a number of

648
00:19:09,666 --> 00:19:11,166
years.

649
00:19:11,166 --> 00:19:12,833
Allow yourself to fill in the

650
00:19:12,833 --> 00:19:14,166
empty spaces with annuals those

651
00:19:14,166 --> 00:19:15,500
first years.

652
00:19:15,500 --> 00:19:17,000
Sometimes people, and I'm going

653
00:19:17,000 --> 00:19:18,066
to talk about this too, they're

654
00:19:18,066 --> 00:19:19,166
very purist.

655
00:19:19,166 --> 00:19:20,300
No, we only want perennials; we

656
00:19:20,300 --> 00:19:21,333
don't want any annuals.

657
00:19:21,333 --> 00:19:22,833
Well, some annuals really are

658
00:19:22,833 --> 00:19:24,566
very flamboyant, and they

659
00:19:24,566 --> 00:19:28,366
necessarily partner better with

660
00:19:28,366 --> 00:19:29,933
some of the more subtle beauty

661
00:19:29,933 --> 00:19:31,233
of perennials.

662
00:19:31,233 --> 00:19:32,666
But there are a lot of really

663
00:19:32,666 --> 00:19:35,833
nice more sort of understated

664
00:19:35,833 --> 00:19:37,500
annuals that will combine nicely

665
00:19:37,500 --> 00:19:39,000
with your perennial garden.

666
00:19:39,000 --> 00:19:40,533
So think about filling in your

667
00:19:40,533 --> 00:19:41,833
spaces those first few years

668
00:19:41,833 --> 00:19:43,966
with those annuals.

669
00:19:43,966 --> 00:19:45,200
Shop throughout the year.

670
00:19:45,200 --> 00:19:47,633
So go to the nursery in May, but

671
00:19:47,633 --> 00:19:48,833
go again in June.

672
00:19:48,833 --> 00:19:50,000
Go again in July.

673
00:19:50,000 --> 00:19:51,633
Go once a month, once every six

674
00:19:51,633 --> 00:19:53,533
weeks, and buy a couple of

675
00:19:53,533 --> 00:19:55,433
plants that are blooming during

676
00:19:55,433 --> 00:19:57,233
each visit so that you know

677
00:19:57,233 --> 00:19:59,166
you're going to have something

678
00:19:59,166 --> 00:20:01,066
blooming every month of the year

679
00:20:01,066 --> 00:20:03,100
in your garden.

680
00:20:03,100 --> 00:20:04,433
This will only work if you go to

681
00:20:04,433 --> 00:20:06,633
a nursery that's actually, like

682
00:20:06,633 --> 00:20:08,266
Monches or any other higher

683
00:20:08,266 --> 00:20:11,666
quality perennial nursery, where

684
00:20:11,666 --> 00:20:14,666
they're actually kind of growing

685
00:20:14,666 --> 00:20:16,000
the plants in situ and you're

686
00:20:16,000 --> 00:20:17,033
being able to see how they

687
00:20:17,033 --> 00:20:18,166
behave.

688
00:20:18,166 --> 00:20:19,166
If you go to the Kmart, you

689
00:20:19,166 --> 00:20:20,800
don't know.

690
00:20:20,800 --> 00:20:21,966
They brought that stuff in.

691
00:20:21,966 --> 00:20:23,100
You don't know if it's actually

692
00:20:23,100 --> 00:20:24,366
blooming on its regular

693
00:20:24,366 --> 00:20:27,100
schedule, etc.

694
00:20:27,100 --> 00:20:28,400
And, excellent, go to garden

695
00:20:28,400 --> 00:20:29,866
tours and botanic gardens.

696
00:20:29,866 --> 00:20:31,400
Botanic gardens are great

697
00:20:31,400 --> 00:20:32,833
because they have a lot of

698
00:20:32,833 --> 00:20:33,966
signage with a lot of

699
00:20:33,966 --> 00:20:35,566
information.

700
00:20:35,566 --> 00:20:36,833
But garden tours are possibly

701
00:20:36,833 --> 00:20:38,866
the best because you're, at a

702
00:20:38,866 --> 00:20:40,200
botanic gardens they have paid

703
00:20:40,200 --> 00:20:41,500
staff that are out there taking

704
00:20:41,500 --> 00:20:42,600
care of the plants.

705
00:20:42,600 --> 00:20:43,666
They're obviously going to look

706
00:20:43,666 --> 00:20:44,733
their best.

707
00:20:44,733 --> 00:20:46,066
When you go to another home

708
00:20:46,066 --> 00:20:47,333
gardener on a garden tour,

709
00:20:47,333 --> 00:20:48,566
you're seeing what's actually

710
00:20:48,566 --> 00:20:50,833
growing in a home gardener's

711
00:20:50,833 --> 00:20:52,800
backyard in your area, and

712
00:20:52,800 --> 00:20:54,000
what's looking good.

713
00:20:54,000 --> 00:20:55,166
You can talk to the person about

714
00:20:55,166 --> 00:20:56,533
their experience.

715
00:20:56,533 --> 00:20:58,266
Garden tours are really

716
00:20:58,266 --> 00:20:59,533
fantastic.

717
00:20:59,533 --> 00:21:02,666
And we do publish a list every

718
00:21:02,666 --> 00:21:04,033
summer of garden tours in the

719
00:21:04,033 --> 00:21:08,733
Milwaukee area on our website.

720
00:21:08,733 --> 00:21:10,266
And include bulbs.

721
00:21:10,266 --> 00:21:12,433
Bulbs are a great way to extend

722
00:21:12,433 --> 00:21:15,166
the season to the extremes in

723
00:21:15,166 --> 00:21:17,900
both directions.

724
00:21:17,900 --> 00:21:20,400
Starting as early as March with

725
00:21:20,400 --> 00:21:22,366
things like the snowdrops.

726
00:21:22,366 --> 00:21:25,266
And this is called glory of the

727
00:21:25,266 --> 00:21:26,833
snow.

728
00:21:26,833 --> 00:21:28,133
This also oftentimes comes right

729
00:21:28,133 --> 00:21:29,533
up through the snow in March and

730
00:21:29,533 --> 00:21:31,633
April.

731
00:21:31,633 --> 00:21:32,833
A couple of scenes we're going

732
00:21:32,833 --> 00:21:34,366
to look at here where you think

733
00:21:34,366 --> 00:21:36,300
what would you be looking at in

734
00:21:36,300 --> 00:21:38,600
that garden if those bulbs

735
00:21:38,600 --> 00:21:39,633
weren't there.

736
00:21:39,633 --> 00:21:41,366
And the answer is nothing.

737
00:21:41,366 --> 00:21:42,933
It would just be brown earth.

738
00:21:42,933 --> 00:21:45,366
So here are the winter aconites

739
00:21:45,366 --> 00:21:46,866
and the Puschkinia.

740
00:21:46,866 --> 00:21:49,900
This is probably early April.

741
00:21:49,900 --> 00:21:52,366
And this whole area that you see

742
00:21:52,366 --> 00:21:54,200
there, that's all Corydalis

743
00:21:54,200 --> 00:21:56,433
bulbosa.

744
00:21:56,433 --> 00:21:57,600
It's a bulbous type of

745
00:21:57,600 --> 00:21:58,800
Corydalis.

746
00:21:58,800 --> 00:21:59,866
Many of you may be familiar with

747
00:21:59,866 --> 00:22:00,933
the yellow blooming one.

748
00:22:00,933 --> 00:22:02,000
This one has a lavender flower.

749
00:22:02,000 --> 00:22:03,800
Most of these bulbs then go very

750
00:22:03,800 --> 00:22:05,233
quickly dormant.

751
00:22:05,233 --> 00:22:06,400
So they're completely gone by

752
00:22:06,400 --> 00:22:07,466
the time your perennials come

753
00:22:07,466 --> 00:22:08,600
up.

754
00:22:08,600 --> 00:22:09,866
So they just give you a whole

755
00:22:09,866 --> 00:22:11,900
other season of color.

756
00:22:11,900 --> 00:22:13,333
Another advantage to these

757
00:22:13,333 --> 00:22:15,966
really early season bulbs is

758
00:22:15,966 --> 00:22:18,766
that this area, the leaves

759
00:22:18,766 --> 00:22:20,233
aren't out on the trees yet.

760
00:22:20,233 --> 00:22:22,766
So this area will be a shaded

761
00:22:22,766 --> 00:22:24,400
area during the growing season,

762
00:22:24,400 --> 00:22:25,933
but it's sun in the spring.

763
00:22:25,933 --> 00:22:27,600
So you can get a lot of color

764
00:22:27,600 --> 00:22:30,466
very, very early in the season

765
00:22:30,466 --> 00:22:32,200
in what you might think of as

766
00:22:32,200 --> 00:22:33,333
your shade garden where you're

767
00:22:33,333 --> 00:22:34,466
not thinking you can get a lot

768
00:22:34,466 --> 00:22:36,133
of color because it's sun at the

769
00:22:36,133 --> 00:22:37,233
time of year when these plants

770
00:22:37,233 --> 00:22:38,966
are actively growing.

771
00:22:38,966 --> 00:22:40,066
And again, just think of that

772
00:22:40,066 --> 00:22:41,400
scene if you didn't have that

773
00:22:41,400 --> 00:22:42,433
bulb there.

774
00:22:42,433 --> 00:22:45,266
It would just be brown earth.

775
00:22:45,266 --> 00:22:46,866
Crocuses, of course, we're all

776
00:22:46,866 --> 00:22:48,733
familiar with.

777
00:22:48,733 --> 00:22:50,500
Now, going to the other end of

778
00:22:50,500 --> 00:22:52,000
the season.

779
00:22:52,000 --> 00:22:54,266
This is surprise lily.

780
00:22:54,266 --> 00:22:56,466
It has a number of interesting

781
00:22:56,466 --> 00:22:58,166
common names.

782
00:22:58,166 --> 00:23:00,066
Surprise lily, resurrection

783
00:23:00,066 --> 00:23:02,266
lily, naked ladies.

784
00:23:02,266 --> 00:23:04,500
What it does is it comes up in

785
00:23:04,500 --> 00:23:06,200
the spring with green strap-like

786
00:23:06,200 --> 00:23:07,666
foliage, which many people don't

787
00:23:07,666 --> 00:23:08,900
even notice.

788
00:23:08,900 --> 00:23:10,200
They don't even know the plant

789
00:23:10,200 --> 00:23:11,500
has leaves because it's at a

790
00:23:11,500 --> 00:23:12,800
time there's a lot of other

791
00:23:12,800 --> 00:23:14,100
things going on in the garden.

792
00:23:14,100 --> 00:23:15,533
And then in the fall, late

793
00:23:15,533 --> 00:23:17,100
summer, early fall, it has these

794
00:23:17,100 --> 00:23:18,933
tall stems that come up with

795
00:23:18,933 --> 00:23:21,400
these amaryllis type flowers.

796
00:23:21,400 --> 00:23:24,200
And just as with the early

797
00:23:24,200 --> 00:23:26,533
season bulbs, this will grow in

798
00:23:26,533 --> 00:23:28,166
quite a bit of shade.

799
00:23:28,166 --> 00:23:29,533
And it's just really a fun

800
00:23:29,533 --> 00:23:31,766
plant.

801
00:23:31,766 --> 00:23:32,833
And it's nice to have, sometimes

802
00:23:32,833 --> 00:23:34,500
the gardens are starting to look

803
00:23:34,500 --> 00:23:35,433
a little tired as you get later

804
00:23:35,433 --> 00:23:37,000
in the season.

805
00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:38,666
It's nice to have something

806
00:23:38,666 --> 00:23:40,066
fresh and new coming up that

807
00:23:40,066 --> 00:23:41,333
late in the season.

808
00:23:41,333 --> 00:23:42,633
This would be August into

809
00:23:42,633 --> 00:23:44,100
September.

810
00:23:44,100 --> 00:23:45,633
And it partners, because it will

811
00:23:45,633 --> 00:23:47,200
grow in the shade, it partners

812
00:23:47,200 --> 00:23:49,200
real well with hostas, and if

813
00:23:49,200 --> 00:23:51,300
you interplant it with hostas,

814
00:23:51,300 --> 00:23:52,833
it will come up through the

815
00:23:52,833 --> 00:23:54,733
hosta foliage, and we do have a

816
00:23:54,733 --> 00:23:56,766
beautiful big hosta at the farm

817
00:23:56,766 --> 00:23:58,166
with one of these planted

818
00:23:58,166 --> 00:23:59,300
underneath it.

819
00:23:59,300 --> 00:24:00,366
And people are always asking us

820
00:24:00,366 --> 00:24:01,833
in the autumn what that variety

821
00:24:01,833 --> 00:24:03,533
of hosta is.

822
00:24:03,533 --> 00:24:06,633
[LAUGHTER]

823
00:24:06,633 --> 00:24:08,766
And another one that's really,

824
00:24:08,766 --> 00:24:09,800
really late, this is well into

825
00:24:09,800 --> 00:24:12,666
October, is the Colchicum.

826
00:24:12,666 --> 00:24:14,766
It's often called autumn crocus,

827
00:24:14,766 --> 00:24:16,166
but it's not in fact a true

828
00:24:16,166 --> 00:24:17,633
crocus.

829
00:24:17,633 --> 00:24:19,866
Again, it comes up with the

830
00:24:19,866 --> 00:24:21,333
green leaves in the spring, and

831
00:24:21,333 --> 00:24:22,833
then those die down.

832
00:24:22,833 --> 00:24:24,533
There's nothing there in the

833
00:24:24,533 --> 00:24:26,033
summer so you might want to mark

834
00:24:26,033 --> 00:24:27,566
this and make sure you're not

835
00:24:27,566 --> 00:24:29,233
putting your spade through it.

836
00:24:29,233 --> 00:24:31,633
But this plant just has these

837
00:24:31,633 --> 00:24:34,200
beautiful, and they're large.

838
00:24:34,200 --> 00:24:36,000
The flowers are about this big.

839
00:24:36,000 --> 00:24:37,300
So they look like a crocus, but

840
00:24:37,300 --> 00:24:38,733
they're quite large.

841
00:24:38,733 --> 00:24:40,266
And they're really spectacular

842
00:24:40,266 --> 00:24:41,600
at that time of year when

843
00:24:41,600 --> 00:24:43,100
everything else is kind of

844
00:24:43,100 --> 00:24:44,666
slowing down and getting ready

845
00:24:44,666 --> 00:24:46,200
to quit and this is coming up

846
00:24:46,200 --> 00:24:47,833
fresh and new.

847
00:24:47,833 --> 00:24:49,300
A couple years ago I had a gal

848
00:24:49,300 --> 00:24:51,166
come in and she said, you know,

849
00:24:51,166 --> 00:24:52,133
I'm really disappointed in you

850
00:24:52,133 --> 00:24:53,233
guys.

851
00:24:53,233 --> 00:24:54,333
I can't believe that you have

852
00:24:54,333 --> 00:24:55,233
artificial flowers out in the

853
00:24:55,233 --> 00:24:56,333
garden.

854
00:24:56,333 --> 00:24:58,833
[LAUGHTER]

855
00:24:58,833 --> 00:25:00,200
And this is a double blooming

856
00:25:00,200 --> 00:25:05,633
form called waterlily.

857
00:25:05,633 --> 00:25:07,100
A mistake: not checking the

858
00:25:07,100 --> 00:25:08,900
hardiness zones.

859
00:25:08,900 --> 00:25:11,400
The USDA plant hardiness zone.

860
00:25:11,400 --> 00:25:13,600
Each plant is given a rating in

861
00:25:13,600 --> 00:25:16,433
what zones it's hardy in.

862
00:25:16,433 --> 00:25:18,500
Basically, we in this area are,

863
00:25:18,500 --> 00:25:20,433
in Madison you're probably four

864
00:25:20,433 --> 00:25:23,100
and in Milwaukee we're five.

865
00:25:23,100 --> 00:25:24,800
So you want to know is that

866
00:25:24,800 --> 00:25:26,600
plant hardy to that zone.

867
00:25:26,600 --> 00:25:29,266
We write all of our own signage

868
00:25:29,266 --> 00:25:30,966
at the farm, and we do try to

869
00:25:30,966 --> 00:25:33,000
indicate the hardiness, but some

870
00:25:33,000 --> 00:25:34,666
plants, and we grow most of our

871
00:25:34,666 --> 00:25:36,500
plants, but some plants we do

872
00:25:36,500 --> 00:25:38,033
buy because we can't get these

873
00:25:38,033 --> 00:25:41,433
great, big tropical plants.

874
00:25:41,433 --> 00:25:43,166
We can't grow those to maturity

875
00:25:43,166 --> 00:25:45,033
in a financially realistic way

876
00:25:45,033 --> 00:25:46,466
in our climate.

877
00:25:46,466 --> 00:25:47,800
So we buy in a lot of these

878
00:25:47,800 --> 00:25:50,166
tropicals from the west coast.

879
00:25:50,166 --> 00:25:52,533
And they come in with tags in

880
00:25:52,533 --> 00:25:54,100
the pot.

881
00:25:54,100 --> 00:25:55,600
They're oftentimes a picture

882
00:25:55,600 --> 00:25:57,000
tag, so we'll leave that tag in

883
00:25:57,000 --> 00:25:58,400
there.

884
00:25:58,400 --> 00:26:01,366
And the customers will read it

885
00:26:01,366 --> 00:26:03,766
and it will say perennial on it

886
00:26:03,766 --> 00:26:05,866
because it is perennial in

887
00:26:05,866 --> 00:26:08,533
California where it was grown.

888
00:26:08,533 --> 00:26:11,766
But if you look closely, those

889
00:26:11,766 --> 00:26:14,133
tags will also, they always will

890
00:26:14,133 --> 00:26:15,733
have the zone on them.

891
00:26:15,733 --> 00:26:17,333
And it will say perennial zone

892
00:26:17,333 --> 00:26:18,800
eight.

893
00:26:18,800 --> 00:26:20,266
Well, then you know it's not

894
00:26:20,266 --> 00:26:21,466
going to be perennial here.

895
00:26:21,466 --> 00:26:22,900
But that's a really common

896
00:26:22,900 --> 00:26:24,366
mistake people make, especially

897
00:26:24,366 --> 00:26:25,766
when you're shopping at the big

898
00:26:25,766 --> 00:26:27,266
box stores.

899
00:26:27,266 --> 00:26:28,700
You see the tag, it says

900
00:26:28,700 --> 00:26:30,033
perennial, and so you think it's

901
00:26:30,033 --> 00:26:31,300
a perennial.

902
00:26:31,300 --> 00:26:32,533
Well, it is, but it's not

903
00:26:32,533 --> 00:26:33,833
perennial in Wisconsin in zone

904
00:26:33,833 --> 00:26:36,833
four or five.

905
00:26:36,833 --> 00:26:38,500
Mistake: weeding out perennial

906
00:26:38,500 --> 00:26:40,266
plants and nurturing weeds.

907
00:26:40,266 --> 00:26:42,933
With perennials it can be

908
00:26:42,933 --> 00:26:44,500
challenging because they're not

909
00:26:44,500 --> 00:26:46,766
blooming all the time like an

910
00:26:46,766 --> 00:26:48,133
annual.

911
00:26:48,133 --> 00:26:49,700
You do have to kind of learn

912
00:26:49,700 --> 00:26:51,133
what they look like and know

913
00:26:51,133 --> 00:26:52,466
that's a desirable plant.

914
00:26:52,466 --> 00:26:54,133
That's another advantage of

915
00:26:54,133 --> 00:26:55,566
building your garden a little

916
00:26:55,566 --> 00:26:56,900
bit slowly rather than putting

917
00:26:56,900 --> 00:26:58,233
everything in all at once.

918
00:26:58,233 --> 00:26:59,866
If you take your time, you put a

919
00:26:59,866 --> 00:27:01,200
little bit of this and a little

920
00:27:01,200 --> 00:27:02,500
bit of that, you kind of get to

921
00:27:02,500 --> 00:27:04,233
know those plants as you grow

922
00:27:04,233 --> 00:27:05,800
with them.

923
00:27:05,800 --> 00:27:08,033
But there are other ways you can

924
00:27:08,033 --> 00:27:09,600
deal with this.

925
00:27:09,600 --> 00:27:11,333
A really good solution is

926
00:27:11,333 --> 00:27:13,100
labeling plants.

927
00:27:13,100 --> 00:27:14,500
Labeling your perennials as you

928
00:27:14,500 --> 00:27:15,800
put them in.

929
00:27:15,800 --> 00:27:17,100
If you're planting a number of

930
00:27:17,100 --> 00:27:18,266
them, label at least one so that

931
00:27:18,266 --> 00:27:19,733
you know that plant that looks

932
00:27:19,733 --> 00:27:21,166
like that is supposed to be

933
00:27:21,166 --> 00:27:22,533
there.

934
00:27:22,533 --> 00:27:23,866
And there's a number of ways to

935
00:27:23,866 --> 00:27:25,133
label plants.

936
00:27:25,133 --> 00:27:26,333
You can just put the little

937
00:27:26,333 --> 00:27:27,600
plastic tag that came with them

938
00:27:27,600 --> 00:27:28,766
in their pot in the ground next

939
00:27:28,766 --> 00:27:29,900
to them.

940
00:27:29,900 --> 00:27:31,133
That will work, certainly for

941
00:27:31,133 --> 00:27:32,200
the first season.

942
00:27:32,200 --> 00:27:33,466
But we really like these zinc

943
00:27:33,466 --> 00:27:34,933
garden labels.

944
00:27:34,933 --> 00:27:36,166
And there's a number of ways to

945
00:27:36,166 --> 00:27:38,400
use them.

946
00:27:38,400 --> 00:27:39,833
What I like best are these

947
00:27:39,833 --> 00:27:41,500
little handheld label makers.

948
00:27:41,500 --> 00:27:43,666
They're basically like a

949
00:27:43,666 --> 00:27:45,466
miniature laser printer.

950
00:27:45,466 --> 00:27:47,700
And if you get the clear label

951
00:27:47,700 --> 00:27:50,400
with black on them and then they

952
00:27:50,400 --> 00:27:52,366
have an adhesive on the back,

953
00:27:52,366 --> 00:27:54,033
you'll get a label that looks

954
00:27:54,033 --> 00:27:55,700
like this here.

955
00:27:55,700 --> 00:27:57,366
It's a really professional

956
00:27:57,366 --> 00:27:58,866
looking label, and many of them,

957
00:27:58,866 --> 00:28:00,233
these can last up to a decade.

958
00:28:00,233 --> 00:28:01,900
They really last forever.

959
00:28:01,900 --> 00:28:03,300
If you have a laser printer at

960
00:28:03,300 --> 00:28:04,733
home, you can print these on

961
00:28:04,733 --> 00:28:06,233
your computer.

962
00:28:06,233 --> 00:28:07,366
But most of us have inkjet

963
00:28:07,366 --> 00:28:08,666
printers.

964
00:28:08,666 --> 00:28:10,133
If you have an inkjet printer,

965
00:28:10,133 --> 00:28:11,333
as soon as it gets wet that will

966
00:28:11,333 --> 00:28:13,033
run off.

967
00:28:13,033 --> 00:28:15,233
You can also write on these zinc

968
00:28:15,233 --> 00:28:17,333
tags with any type of permanent

969
00:28:17,333 --> 00:28:18,933
marker, whether it be a Sharpie

970
00:28:18,933 --> 00:28:20,833
or a paint pen.

971
00:28:20,833 --> 00:28:23,533
They have permanent pencils.

972
00:28:23,533 --> 00:28:26,166
But no matter what you use to

973
00:28:26,166 --> 00:28:28,733
write on them, they always fade

974
00:28:28,733 --> 00:28:30,533
on the front.

975
00:28:30,533 --> 00:28:32,133
So what we do if we're going to

976
00:28:32,133 --> 00:28:34,100
have to write on them, we write

977
00:28:34,100 --> 00:28:36,100
on the back too so that once

978
00:28:36,100 --> 00:28:37,866
that front fades, you've still

979
00:28:37,866 --> 00:28:39,433
got it written on the back, you

980
00:28:39,433 --> 00:28:40,666
know what it is, you can rewrite

981
00:28:40,666 --> 00:28:43,433
it on the front again.

982
00:28:43,433 --> 00:28:47,100
And then you may want to know

983
00:28:47,100 --> 00:28:49,300
what the five or six most

984
00:28:49,300 --> 00:28:51,200
problematic weeds in your area

985
00:28:51,200 --> 00:28:52,866
are.

986
00:28:52,866 --> 00:28:55,466
I could have a whole talk on

987
00:28:55,466 --> 00:28:57,900
Wisconsin weeds, but the only

988
00:28:57,900 --> 00:28:59,400
one I'm going to specifically

989
00:28:59,400 --> 00:29:01,166
talk about is the garlic

990
00:29:01,166 --> 00:29:03,433
mustard.

991
00:29:03,433 --> 00:29:05,633
The garlic mustard is a biennial

992
00:29:05,633 --> 00:29:07,466
plant, meaning that the first,

993
00:29:07,466 --> 00:29:09,100
it lives for two years, the

994
00:29:09,100 --> 00:29:10,700
first year it puts up its

995
00:29:10,700 --> 00:29:12,633
foliage, does not bloom.

996
00:29:12,633 --> 00:29:13,866
The second year it comes up,

997
00:29:13,866 --> 00:29:15,433
then it blooms, sets seed, and

998
00:29:15,433 --> 00:29:17,566
the cycle starts over again.

999
00:29:17,566 --> 00:29:19,900
It's a very, very problematic

1000
00:29:19,900 --> 00:29:21,633
plant in Wisconsin and

1001
00:29:21,633 --> 00:29:23,366
throughout the Midwest.

1002
00:29:23,366 --> 00:29:25,066
It's completely wiping out some

1003
00:29:25,066 --> 00:29:26,700
of our native woodland

1004
00:29:26,700 --> 00:29:28,333
vegetation areas.

1005
00:29:28,333 --> 00:29:30,133
So if you have it on your

1006
00:29:30,133 --> 00:29:32,000
property, you do need to make an

1007
00:29:32,000 --> 00:29:33,900
effort to get rid of it.

1008
00:29:33,900 --> 00:29:35,533
When it's in the vegetative

1009
00:29:35,533 --> 00:29:37,200
state the first year, you can

1010
00:29:37,200 --> 00:29:40,200
apply herbicide to it.

1011
00:29:40,200 --> 00:29:41,800
Although it does require

1012
00:29:41,800 --> 00:29:43,566
frequent applications.

1013
00:29:43,566 --> 00:29:45,033
A single application won't kill

1014
00:29:45,033 --> 00:29:46,766
it.

1015
00:29:46,766 --> 00:29:48,500
Or you can pull it.

1016
00:29:48,500 --> 00:29:51,233
When it's in the blooming year,

1017
00:29:51,233 --> 00:29:53,000
when it's in the second year,

1018
00:29:53,000 --> 00:29:56,300
you need to pull it and you

1019
00:29:56,300 --> 00:29:58,533
can't, even if you pull it real

1020
00:29:58,533 --> 00:30:00,266
early before the flowers have

1021
00:30:00,266 --> 00:30:02,400
all set, it's very adaptable.

1022
00:30:02,400 --> 00:30:03,766
That's usually how weeds become

1023
00:30:03,766 --> 00:30:05,333
weeds.

1024
00:30:05,333 --> 00:30:06,866
They're very adaptable.

1025
00:30:06,866 --> 00:30:08,400
It can set seed, if you pull

1026
00:30:08,400 --> 00:30:10,100
that plant and through it aside

1027
00:30:10,100 --> 00:30:11,700
to dry, it looks like it's dead,

1028
00:30:11,700 --> 00:30:14,066
it still can set viable seed.

1029
00:30:14,066 --> 00:30:16,000
So you need to bag and remove

1030
00:30:16,000 --> 00:30:17,833
these plants.

1031
00:30:17,833 --> 00:30:20,766
Either burn them or bag them and

1032
00:30:20,766 --> 00:30:22,266
get them off the property.

1033
00:30:22,266 --> 00:30:24,000
The garbage men will take them.

1034
00:30:24,000 --> 00:30:25,500
You do need to label them

1035
00:30:25,500 --> 00:30:27,333
invasive plant material, and

1036
00:30:27,333 --> 00:30:28,866
they'll take your black bags of

1037
00:30:28,866 --> 00:30:30,333
these.

1038
00:30:30,333 --> 00:30:31,900
So don't pull it and throw it on

1039
00:30:31,900 --> 00:30:33,300
the ground the way you can with

1040
00:30:33,300 --> 00:30:35,000
most weeds.

1041
00:30:35,000 --> 00:30:38,333
It was introduced intentionally,

1042
00:30:38,333 --> 00:30:40,533
as many weeds and exotic animals

1043
00:30:40,533 --> 00:30:42,200
that become problematic are,

1044
00:30:42,200 --> 00:30:44,966
because it's an herb.

1045
00:30:44,966 --> 00:30:47,200
It has a garlic flavor to it.

1046
00:30:47,200 --> 00:30:48,866
You can eat it.

1047
00:30:48,866 --> 00:30:50,600
It's actually quite tasty.

1048
00:30:50,600 --> 00:30:52,433
So if you want to harvest it in

1049
00:30:52,433 --> 00:30:54,500
its first year stage when the

1050
00:30:54,500 --> 00:30:56,900
leaves are young, just as you

1051
00:30:56,900 --> 00:30:58,366
would want to harvest most

1052
00:30:58,366 --> 00:31:00,566
edible plants, in an area on

1053
00:31:00,566 --> 00:31:02,566
your property that you know has

1054
00:31:02,566 --> 00:31:03,533
not been sprayed with

1055
00:31:03,533 --> 00:31:05,133
herbicides, you can make a great

1056
00:31:05,133 --> 00:31:06,600
pesto out of it.

1057
00:31:06,600 --> 00:31:07,833
And we have a recipe on our

1058
00:31:07,833 --> 00:31:09,100
website, again on the

1059
00:31:09,100 --> 00:31:11,000
This and That page.

1060
00:31:11,000 --> 00:31:13,500
Then if you want to have an idea

1061
00:31:13,500 --> 00:31:14,966
what some of the other really

1062
00:31:14,966 --> 00:31:16,766
common weeds are, there's lots

1063
00:31:16,766 --> 00:31:18,633
of great websites out there.

1064
00:31:18,633 --> 00:31:20,233
I just did a quick search and

1065
00:31:20,233 --> 00:31:21,666
this is one that I found that I

1066
00:31:21,666 --> 00:31:23,166
thought was very well done for

1067
00:31:23,166 --> 00:31:25,333
identifying weeds.

1068
00:31:25,333 --> 00:31:27,466
It's the National Gardening

1069
00:31:27,466 --> 00:31:28,966
Association.

1070
00:31:28,966 --> 00:31:30,766
Again, all this information is

1071
00:31:30,766 --> 00:31:32,566
on the handout.

1072
00:31:32,566 --> 00:31:34,500
>> Which handout?

1073
00:31:34,500 --> 00:31:35,700
>> The handout that you can find

1074
00:31:35,700 --> 00:31:38,800
on our website.

1075
00:31:38,800 --> 00:31:40,166
And mistake: not considering

1076
00:31:40,166 --> 00:31:42,200
native wildlife.

1077
00:31:42,200 --> 00:31:44,833
We have, I imagine you have it

1078
00:31:44,833 --> 00:31:46,600
here, certainly in the Milwaukee

1079
00:31:46,600 --> 00:31:48,733
area, a tremendous problem with

1080
00:31:48,733 --> 00:31:50,566
deer.

1081
00:31:50,566 --> 00:31:52,633
And rabbits vary from year to

1082
00:31:52,633 --> 00:31:54,200
year.

1083
00:31:54,200 --> 00:31:56,900
Their population really is very

1084
00:31:56,900 --> 00:31:58,100
cyclic.

1085
00:31:58,100 --> 00:31:59,100
Down in the bottom is some

1086
00:31:59,100 --> 00:32:00,666
tulips.

1087
00:32:00,666 --> 00:32:04,000
We don't do tulips at all

1088
00:32:04,000 --> 00:32:07,033
anymore because they're such a

1089
00:32:07,033 --> 00:32:08,533
good plant.

1090
00:32:08,533 --> 00:32:10,366
They're really, really tasty.

1091
00:32:10,366 --> 00:32:12,266
And we've even had customers

1092
00:32:12,266 --> 00:32:13,633
that have had their dogs dig up

1093
00:32:13,633 --> 00:32:15,300
their tulip bulbs and eat them

1094
00:32:15,300 --> 00:32:16,733
because they really are good.

1095
00:32:16,733 --> 00:32:19,666
[LAUGHTER]

1096
00:32:19,666 --> 00:32:21,833
The solution is planting deer

1097
00:32:21,833 --> 00:32:23,633
and rabbit resistant plants.

1098
00:32:23,633 --> 00:32:25,200
And you'll find a list, again on

1099
00:32:25,200 --> 00:32:26,800
our website, on the this and

1100
00:32:26,800 --> 00:32:28,433
that page, but as a basic rule

1101
00:32:28,433 --> 00:32:30,200
of thumb, the plants that the

1102
00:32:30,200 --> 00:32:31,966
deer and rabbits don't like to

1103
00:32:31,966 --> 00:32:34,800
eat are plants with silver

1104
00:32:34,800 --> 00:32:37,266
foliage, plants that are very

1105
00:32:37,266 --> 00:32:39,466
highly scented, so most herbs or

1106
00:32:39,466 --> 00:32:41,933
members of the mint family they

1107
00:32:41,933 --> 00:32:43,766
will not like to eat.

1108
00:32:43,766 --> 00:32:45,633
As a general rule, they don't

1109
00:32:45,633 --> 00:32:47,266
eat Allium, the ornamental

1110
00:32:47,266 --> 00:32:49,100
onions, although we have had

1111
00:32:49,100 --> 00:32:50,866
years when they have done that,

1112
00:32:50,866 --> 00:32:52,600
and plants that are toxic.

1113
00:32:52,600 --> 00:32:53,966
And those are the ones you

1114
00:32:53,966 --> 00:32:55,466
probably wouldn't know off the

1115
00:32:55,466 --> 00:32:56,866
top of your head so it's handy

1116
00:32:56,866 --> 00:32:58,266
to have a list of those things

1117
00:32:58,266 --> 00:33:00,033
like the Digitalis or foxglove,

1118
00:33:00,033 --> 00:33:02,566
the Helleborus, the lenten rose,

1119
00:33:02,566 --> 00:33:05,033
the Aconitum are plants that are

1120
00:33:05,033 --> 00:33:06,766
actually toxic, and the animals

1121
00:33:06,766 --> 00:33:08,266
know that and they don't eat

1122
00:33:08,266 --> 00:33:09,766
them.

1123
00:33:09,766 --> 00:33:11,566
If there are certain plants you

1124
00:33:11,566 --> 00:33:13,166
love and you want to grow

1125
00:33:13,166 --> 00:33:14,933
despite the fact that you know

1126
00:33:14,933 --> 00:33:17,100
that deer like to eat them, then

1127
00:33:17,100 --> 00:33:19,666
you might want to consider

1128
00:33:19,666 --> 00:33:21,733
spraying repellents.

1129
00:33:21,733 --> 00:33:25,266
Most repellents that are on the

1130
00:33:25,266 --> 00:33:27,633
market are effective, but they

1131
00:33:27,633 --> 00:33:29,700
have to be reapplied frequently.

1132
00:33:29,700 --> 00:33:31,966
Most of them tend to be rather

1133
00:33:31,966 --> 00:33:34,100
on the expensive side, and the

1134
00:33:34,100 --> 00:33:37,266
active ingredient, if you will,

1135
00:33:37,266 --> 00:33:39,366
in most of them is egg.

1136
00:33:39,366 --> 00:33:43,100
So you can actually make a very

1137
00:33:43,100 --> 00:33:44,666
effective deer repellent

1138
00:33:44,666 --> 00:33:46,466
yourself for free.

1139
00:33:46,466 --> 00:33:48,000
And this recipe, again, is on

1140
00:33:48,000 --> 00:33:49,733
the handout.

1141
00:33:49,733 --> 00:33:55,000
But it's just eggs, milk, oil,

1142
00:33:55,000 --> 00:33:57,200
and used hot chili oil just as

1143
00:33:57,200 --> 00:34:00,266
that extra taste deterrent, and

1144
00:34:00,266 --> 00:34:02,100
dishwashing liquid which makes

1145
00:34:02,100 --> 00:34:04,200
it stick to the foliage.

1146
00:34:04,200 --> 00:34:06,633
You have to let that ferment.

1147
00:34:06,633 --> 00:34:08,266
What I do is I save the empty

1148
00:34:08,266 --> 00:34:09,966
milk carton with just that

1149
00:34:09,966 --> 00:34:11,400
little bit of milk in the

1150
00:34:11,400 --> 00:34:12,633
bottom, add the rest of the

1151
00:34:12,633 --> 00:34:14,166
ingredients, and just fill it up

1152
00:34:14,166 --> 00:34:17,033
with water, set it some place to

1153
00:34:17,033 --> 00:34:18,666
become fragrant for a week or

1154
00:34:18,666 --> 00:34:20,400
so, and then I screen it through

1155
00:34:20,400 --> 00:34:22,800
a little sieve and then I put a

1156
00:34:22,800 --> 00:34:24,866
nylon stocking or something on

1157
00:34:24,866 --> 00:34:26,733
the sieve and pour that into my

1158
00:34:26,733 --> 00:34:28,700
sprayer so you don't get any

1159
00:34:28,700 --> 00:34:30,400
lumps that are going to clog up

1160
00:34:30,400 --> 00:34:32,200
your sprayer.

1161
00:34:32,200 --> 00:34:33,933
It smells really terrible, but

1162
00:34:33,933 --> 00:34:35,466
that's the idea.

1163
00:34:35,466 --> 00:34:37,900
And it's very effective, and it

1164
00:34:37,900 --> 00:34:40,400
usually lasts a couple of weeks.

1165
00:34:40,400 --> 00:34:42,433
It does last through rain.

1166
00:34:42,433 --> 00:34:46,033
Deer are deterred mostly by

1167
00:34:46,033 --> 00:34:48,866
scent, rabbits more by taste.

1168
00:34:48,866 --> 00:34:50,800
So it's the hot pepper element

1169
00:34:50,800 --> 00:34:52,600
that is effective for the

1170
00:34:52,600 --> 00:34:54,033
rabbits.

1171
00:34:54,033 --> 00:34:55,600
So if it's rabbits you're trying

1172
00:34:55,600 --> 00:34:57,100
to get rid of or trying to

1173
00:34:57,100 --> 00:34:58,366
discourage, then you want to

1174
00:34:58,366 --> 00:34:59,800
make sure and include that hot

1175
00:34:59,800 --> 00:35:02,200
pepper element.

1176
00:35:02,200 --> 00:35:04,200
Mistake: being too much of a

1177
00:35:04,200 --> 00:35:05,866
purist.

1178
00:35:05,866 --> 00:35:07,400
I kind of touched on this before

1179
00:35:07,400 --> 00:35:09,000
with I only want to do

1180
00:35:09,000 --> 00:35:10,300
perennials, I don't want to have

1181
00:35:10,300 --> 00:35:12,000
any annuals.

1182
00:35:12,000 --> 00:35:14,133
A lot of times people will come

1183
00:35:14,133 --> 00:35:16,000
in starting out, they only want

1184
00:35:16,000 --> 00:35:17,800
pastel flowers.

1185
00:35:17,800 --> 00:35:19,366
That's very, very common with

1186
00:35:19,366 --> 00:35:20,800
beginner gardeners.

1187
00:35:20,800 --> 00:35:22,033
They don't want any yellow, any

1188
00:35:22,033 --> 00:35:23,833
orange.

1189
00:35:23,833 --> 00:35:25,600
And a lot of the longest

1190
00:35:25,600 --> 00:35:27,266
blooming plants, actually a lot

1191
00:35:27,266 --> 00:35:28,566
of the longest blooming

1192
00:35:28,566 --> 00:35:30,066
perennials do have yellow

1193
00:35:30,066 --> 00:35:31,566
flowers.

1194
00:35:31,566 --> 00:35:32,966
And when I start, I was a huge

1195
00:35:32,966 --> 00:35:34,600
daylily collector for many, many

1196
00:35:34,600 --> 00:35:36,033
years.

1197
00:35:36,033 --> 00:35:37,500
And at one point I had about

1198
00:35:37,500 --> 00:35:38,500
400 varieties of daylilies in my

1199
00:35:38,500 --> 00:35:39,666
garden, and I wanted all the

1200
00:35:39,666 --> 00:35:40,633
pastels.

1201
00:35:40,633 --> 00:35:41,533
That's what I wanted.

1202
00:35:41,533 --> 00:35:42,866
I wanted cream and pink and

1203
00:35:42,866 --> 00:35:46,100
lemon, and somebody gave me as a

1204
00:35:46,100 --> 00:35:50,166
gift an orange daylily.

1205
00:35:50,166 --> 00:35:52,566
And I thought, oh, but I put it

1206
00:35:52,566 --> 00:35:54,033
in my garden and I found I kept

1207
00:35:54,033 --> 00:35:56,433
looking at that place where that

1208
00:35:56,433 --> 00:35:57,766
orange daylily was.

1209
00:35:57,766 --> 00:35:59,533
That's where my eye was drawn.

1210
00:35:59,533 --> 00:36:01,233
And then I shifted, and now I

1211
00:36:01,233 --> 00:36:02,900
have a lot of those really

1212
00:36:02,900 --> 00:36:04,100
vibrant colors because they

1213
00:36:04,100 --> 00:36:06,633
really add a lot of zing to the

1214
00:36:06,633 --> 00:36:07,966
garden.

1215
00:36:07,966 --> 00:36:08,900
If you just have a garden that's

1216
00:36:08,900 --> 00:36:11,200
all pastels, it's not exciting.

1217
00:36:11,200 --> 00:36:13,166
It's not fun.

1218
00:36:13,166 --> 00:36:16,066
And also, all white.

1219
00:36:16,066 --> 00:36:17,533
So many have all white.

1220
00:36:17,533 --> 00:36:18,400
They can't have anything that's

1221
00:36:18,400 --> 00:36:19,466
not white.

1222
00:36:19,466 --> 00:36:20,600
So be creative.

1223
00:36:20,600 --> 00:36:21,766
Let yourself experiment and try

1224
00:36:21,766 --> 00:36:24,000
some other things.

1225
00:36:24,000 --> 00:36:26,400
Don't lock yourself in to what

1226
00:36:26,400 --> 00:36:27,933
your original idea may have

1227
00:36:27,933 --> 00:36:29,733
been.

1228
00:36:29,733 --> 00:36:30,966
Mistake: needing to have the

1229
00:36:30,966 --> 00:36:32,266
latest new thing and believing

1230
00:36:32,266 --> 00:36:34,133
everything you read.

1231
00:36:34,133 --> 00:36:38,100
[LAUGHTER]

1232
00:36:38,100 --> 00:36:41,166
Horticulture, marketing of

1233
00:36:41,166 --> 00:36:42,933
horticultural plants has changed

1234
00:36:42,933 --> 00:36:44,933
dramatically over the last

1235
00:36:44,933 --> 00:36:46,500
10 or 15 years.

1236
00:36:46,500 --> 00:36:49,100
And now there's many, many

1237
00:36:49,100 --> 00:36:51,800
plants on the market now that

1238
00:36:51,800 --> 00:36:54,000
are patented so that every

1239
00:36:54,000 --> 00:36:56,600
purchase of that plant the

1240
00:36:56,600 --> 00:36:58,966
originator gets a portion of the

1241
00:36:58,966 --> 00:37:01,666
proceeds.

1242
00:37:01,666 --> 00:37:04,100
So there's incentive for

1243
00:37:04,100 --> 00:37:06,266
constantly introducing new

1244
00:37:06,266 --> 00:37:09,066
plants and patenting them and

1245
00:37:09,066 --> 00:37:12,100
marketing them.

1246
00:37:12,100 --> 00:37:15,400
And what happens as a result is

1247
00:37:15,400 --> 00:37:17,700
that a lot of the really great

1248
00:37:17,700 --> 00:37:19,933
old time plants get crowded out

1249
00:37:19,933 --> 00:37:22,066
of the market because people are

1250
00:37:22,066 --> 00:37:24,900
clamoring for the plants that

1251
00:37:24,900 --> 00:37:26,533
are seen advertised all the

1252
00:37:26,533 --> 00:37:28,066
time.

1253
00:37:28,066 --> 00:37:29,566
And there's multimillion dollar

1254
00:37:29,566 --> 00:37:31,366
advertising campaigns for some

1255
00:37:31,366 --> 00:37:33,333
of these plants now.

1256
00:37:33,333 --> 00:37:35,400
So have an awareness of that,

1257
00:37:35,400 --> 00:37:37,266
and do realize too that they

1258
00:37:37,266 --> 00:37:39,633
think the gardener wants

1259
00:37:39,633 --> 00:37:41,400
something new so they're going

1260
00:37:41,400 --> 00:37:43,133
to try to be constantly

1261
00:37:43,133 --> 00:37:44,733
introducing something new.

1262
00:37:44,733 --> 00:37:46,266
And many of these plants are not

1263
00:37:46,266 --> 00:37:48,033
necessarily better.

1264
00:37:48,033 --> 00:37:49,733
And a lot of times there will be

1265
00:37:49,733 --> 00:37:51,233
a lot of noise made about a new

1266
00:37:51,233 --> 00:37:52,366
plant that comes on the market,

1267
00:37:52,366 --> 00:37:53,466
and they tend to be very

1268
00:37:53,466 --> 00:37:54,500
expensive when they first come

1269
00:37:54,500 --> 00:37:55,766
out.

1270
00:37:55,766 --> 00:37:57,100
I say wait.

1271
00:37:57,100 --> 00:37:58,233
You don't need to have it the

1272
00:37:58,233 --> 00:37:59,833
first year.

1273
00:37:59,833 --> 00:38:01,233
Let you neighbor or your friend

1274
00:38:01,233 --> 00:38:02,766
be the first one to have it, and

1275
00:38:02,766 --> 00:38:04,166
then watch and see what happens

1276
00:38:04,166 --> 00:38:05,633
because a lot of these plants,

1277
00:38:05,633 --> 00:38:07,200
they're not even around three

1278
00:38:07,200 --> 00:38:08,400
years later.

1279
00:38:08,400 --> 00:38:09,700
They just disappear because they

1280
00:38:09,700 --> 00:38:11,600
don't turn out to be really good

1281
00:38:11,600 --> 00:38:13,666
garden performers.

1282
00:38:13,666 --> 00:38:16,500
So, be patient and be a little

1283
00:38:16,500 --> 00:38:18,400
skeptical.

1284
00:38:18,400 --> 00:38:20,133
How do you know when you read

1285
00:38:20,133 --> 00:38:21,666
about some plant that's supposed

1286
00:38:21,666 --> 00:38:23,500
to be great how much of a grain

1287
00:38:23,500 --> 00:38:25,233
salt you should take what you're

1288
00:38:25,233 --> 00:38:27,033
reading with?

1289
00:38:27,033 --> 00:38:28,566
Well, there are some

1290
00:38:28,566 --> 00:38:30,533
organizations, this is the

1291
00:38:30,533 --> 00:38:32,466
Wisconsin Nursery Association.

1292
00:38:32,466 --> 00:38:34,733
Well, their goal, obviously, is

1293
00:38:34,733 --> 00:38:37,366
to sell plants.

1294
00:38:37,366 --> 00:38:38,866
We want you to buy plants.

1295
00:38:38,866 --> 00:38:40,733
That's what we do for business.

1296
00:38:40,733 --> 00:38:42,833
But we also want you to buy a

1297
00:38:42,833 --> 00:38:44,766
really good plant that you're

1298
00:38:44,766 --> 00:38:47,266
going to love and be successful

1299
00:38:47,266 --> 00:38:48,800
with so you come back and buy

1300
00:38:48,800 --> 00:38:50,366
more.

1301
00:38:50,366 --> 00:38:52,100
And so the Wisconsin Nursery

1302
00:38:52,100 --> 00:38:54,166
Association each year picks a

1303
00:38:54,166 --> 00:38:55,800
perennial plant of the year and

1304
00:38:55,800 --> 00:38:57,633
a woody plant of the year, and

1305
00:38:57,633 --> 00:39:00,466
these tend to be really

1306
00:39:00,466 --> 00:39:02,366
fantastic plants.

1307
00:39:02,366 --> 00:39:04,500
Their selections are excellent.

1308
00:39:04,500 --> 00:39:07,133
So any plants that an

1309
00:39:07,133 --> 00:39:08,933
organization like this is

1310
00:39:08,933 --> 00:39:10,533
promoting do tend to be

1311
00:39:10,533 --> 00:39:12,066
something that's worth

1312
00:39:12,066 --> 00:39:13,966
considering.

1313
00:39:13,966 --> 00:39:15,600
And we do have a list of the

1314
00:39:15,600 --> 00:39:17,300
Wisconsin perennial plants of

1315
00:39:17,300 --> 00:39:19,066
the year on our website.

1316
00:39:19,066 --> 00:39:20,566
Also, the Perennial Plant

1317
00:39:20,566 --> 00:39:22,366
Association, which is a national

1318
00:39:22,366 --> 00:39:24,466
organization of perennial plant

1319
00:39:24,466 --> 00:39:26,833
growers, each year select a

1320
00:39:26,833 --> 00:39:28,466
perennial plant of the year.

1321
00:39:28,466 --> 00:39:31,033
Their criteria are suitable for

1322
00:39:31,033 --> 00:39:33,300
a wide range of climatic

1323
00:39:33,300 --> 00:39:35,400
conditions, low maintenance

1324
00:39:35,400 --> 00:39:37,733
requirements, relatively pest

1325
00:39:37,733 --> 00:39:39,600
and disease resistant, ready

1326
00:39:39,600 --> 00:39:41,466
availability in the year

1327
00:39:41,466 --> 00:39:43,200
promotion and multiple seasons

1328
00:39:43,200 --> 00:39:44,833
or ornamental interest.

1329
00:39:44,833 --> 00:39:46,533
Those are all great goals, and I

1330
00:39:46,533 --> 00:39:48,166
would say for the most part the

1331
00:39:48,166 --> 00:39:49,966
plants that they select really

1332
00:39:49,966 --> 00:39:52,433
meet those qualifications.

1333
00:39:52,433 --> 00:39:54,166
And the perennial plant of the

1334
00:39:54,166 --> 00:39:55,733
year are usually really, really

1335
00:39:55,733 --> 00:39:57,100
good choices.

1336
00:39:57,100 --> 00:39:58,633
And, again, you'll find a list

1337
00:39:58,633 --> 00:40:00,333
on our website of those plants.

1338
00:40:00,333 --> 00:40:02,833
The All American Selections,

1339
00:40:02,833 --> 00:40:05,400
the difference between the

1340
00:40:05,400 --> 00:40:06,833
All American Selections and the

1341
00:40:06,833 --> 00:40:08,366
other two we just talked about

1342
00:40:08,366 --> 00:40:10,433
is the other two they can pick

1343
00:40:10,433 --> 00:40:12,033
from any plant.

1344
00:40:12,033 --> 00:40:13,066
These could have been plants

1345
00:40:13,066 --> 00:40:13,900
that have been on the market for

1346
00:40:13,900 --> 00:40:15,600
years and years.

1347
00:40:15,600 --> 00:40:17,900
All American Selections do tend

1348
00:40:17,900 --> 00:40:19,600
to be, they're new

1349
00:40:19,600 --> 00:40:21,500
introductions.

1350
00:40:21,500 --> 00:40:23,000
The grower will provide these

1351
00:40:23,000 --> 00:40:25,266
plants for evaluation.

1352
00:40:25,266 --> 00:40:26,933
But they're being evaluated in a

1353
00:40:26,933 --> 00:40:31,600
very objective way.

1354
00:40:31,600 --> 00:40:33,833
It's an independent nonprofit

1355
00:40:33,833 --> 00:40:35,533
organization that does not

1356
00:40:35,533 --> 00:40:37,100
advertise.

1357
00:40:37,100 --> 00:40:38,800
And they're putting them through

1358
00:40:38,800 --> 00:40:40,300
these trials.

1359
00:40:40,300 --> 00:40:41,733
So where do you go to see these

1360
00:40:41,733 --> 00:40:43,033
trials?

1361
00:40:43,033 --> 00:40:44,400
You can actually go and look at

1362
00:40:44,400 --> 00:40:45,766
these plants being trialed at

1363
00:40:45,766 --> 00:40:47,633
these various locations nearby.

1364
00:40:47,633 --> 00:40:49,633
And it's really very interesting

1365
00:40:49,633 --> 00:40:51,300
because you can go and they'll

1366
00:40:51,300 --> 00:40:52,800
have a huge bed of all different

1367
00:40:52,800 --> 00:40:54,266
Salvias or all different

1368
00:40:54,266 --> 00:40:55,900
petunias or whatever it might

1369
00:40:55,900 --> 00:40:57,333
be.

1370
00:40:57,333 --> 00:40:59,066
And you can compare them

1371
00:40:59,066 --> 00:41:00,733
yourself and see which ones are

1372
00:41:00,733 --> 00:41:02,466
blooming most heavily, which

1373
00:41:02,466 --> 00:41:04,633
ones are sprawling all over the

1374
00:41:04,633 --> 00:41:06,100
places, which ones have nicer

1375
00:41:06,100 --> 00:41:07,500
habit.

1376
00:41:07,500 --> 00:41:08,766
It's really nice to have these

1377
00:41:08,766 --> 00:41:10,133
trial gardens open to the

1378
00:41:10,133 --> 00:41:11,500
public.

1379
00:41:11,500 --> 00:41:12,933
And then the American Garden

1380
00:41:12,933 --> 00:41:15,133
Award, and usually these, at

1381
00:41:15,133 --> 00:41:17,266
like Boerner Botanic Gardens in

1382
00:41:17,266 --> 00:41:19,266
Milwaukee, these trials are

1383
00:41:19,266 --> 00:41:21,166
there, and you can actually

1384
00:41:21,166 --> 00:41:22,933
vote.

1385
00:41:22,933 --> 00:41:24,700
As a visitor to the gardens, you

1386
00:41:24,700 --> 00:41:26,533
can vote, and you're determining

1387
00:41:26,533 --> 00:41:28,166
which ones are going to be

1388
00:41:28,166 --> 00:41:30,866
getting the award.

1389
00:41:30,866 --> 00:41:32,866
Now, on the flip side of that is

1390
00:41:32,866 --> 00:41:34,766
the Proven Winners program.

1391
00:41:34,766 --> 00:41:36,433
You see the wording here: Proven

1392
00:41:36,433 --> 00:41:38,400
Winners is the leading brand.

1393
00:41:38,400 --> 00:41:42,500
And their reason for existence

1394
00:41:42,500 --> 00:41:45,500
is they want to have unique high

1395
00:41:45,500 --> 00:41:47,200
performing plants, but they want

1396
00:41:47,200 --> 00:41:49,266
to market the plants.

1397
00:41:49,266 --> 00:41:51,600
And so it's a brand, and this is

1398
00:41:51,600 --> 00:41:54,600
what we receive in the mail from

1399
00:41:54,600 --> 00:41:57,300
the Proven Winners program.

1400
00:41:57,300 --> 00:41:59,733
Expect your customers to ask for

1401
00:41:59,733 --> 00:42:02,033
blah, blah, blah, whatever it

1402
00:42:02,033 --> 00:42:03,833
might be because we're going to

1403
00:42:03,833 --> 00:42:05,533
advertise it.

1404
00:42:05,533 --> 00:42:07,333
And they spend a lot of money

1405
00:42:07,333 --> 00:42:08,733
advertising these plants.

1406
00:42:08,733 --> 00:42:10,766
And sometimes it can be

1407
00:42:10,766 --> 00:42:12,066
difficult to tell the difference

1408
00:42:12,066 --> 00:42:13,133
between advertising and

1409
00:42:13,133 --> 00:42:14,333
editorials.

1410
00:42:14,333 --> 00:42:17,466
So just maybe try to look

1411
00:42:17,466 --> 00:42:19,333
carefully when you see something

1412
00:42:19,333 --> 00:42:20,733
in a woman's magazine, a big

1413
00:42:20,733 --> 00:42:24,033
full-page thing about a plant,

1414
00:42:24,033 --> 00:42:26,333
is it an ad or is it actually an

1415
00:42:26,333 --> 00:42:28,200
article?

1416
00:42:28,200 --> 00:42:29,833
And if it's an ad, maybe let

1417
00:42:29,833 --> 00:42:32,366
that plant prove itself before

1418
00:42:32,366 --> 00:42:36,100
you go out and invest a lot of

1419
00:42:36,100 --> 00:42:38,933
money in it for your garden.

1420
00:42:38,933 --> 00:42:40,700
Mistake: not using botanical

1421
00:42:40,700 --> 00:42:42,700
nomenclature.

1422
00:42:42,700 --> 00:42:44,666
What is botanical nomenclature?

1423
00:42:44,666 --> 00:42:46,633
It's binomial nomenclature,

1424
00:42:46,633 --> 00:42:48,866
meaning bi, which is two, and

1425
00:42:48,866 --> 00:42:51,833
nomen is name.

1426
00:42:51,833 --> 00:42:53,700
So every plant has a common

1427
00:42:53,700 --> 00:42:56,266
name, like we were talking about

1428
00:42:56,266 --> 00:42:58,733
the loosestrife, where there are

1429
00:42:58,733 --> 00:43:00,633
two plants that both have the

1430
00:43:00,633 --> 00:43:02,333
common name loosestrife, but

1431
00:43:02,333 --> 00:43:03,966
they're completely unrelated

1432
00:43:03,966 --> 00:43:05,800
plants.

1433
00:43:05,800 --> 00:43:10,366
So one is Lythrum salicaria; the

1434
00:43:10,366 --> 00:43:13,433
other is Lysimachia clethroides.

1435
00:43:13,433 --> 00:43:15,000
They each have a genus and a

1436
00:43:15,000 --> 00:43:16,666
species name.

1437
00:43:16,666 --> 00:43:18,800
And to understand how that

1438
00:43:18,800 --> 00:43:20,700
works, a genus would be like the

1439
00:43:20,700 --> 00:43:22,566
equivalent of your last name.

1440
00:43:22,566 --> 00:43:25,100
So if you're Alice Smith,

1441
00:43:25,100 --> 00:43:27,766
everybody in the Smith family

1442
00:43:27,766 --> 00:43:29,300
may share certain

1443
00:43:29,300 --> 00:43:30,766
characteristics that you can

1444
00:43:30,766 --> 00:43:32,266
tell that's a Smith.

1445
00:43:32,266 --> 00:43:34,333
But you're Alice Smith, that's

1446
00:43:34,333 --> 00:43:36,200
the specific name or the species

1447
00:43:36,200 --> 00:43:37,700
name.

1448
00:43:37,700 --> 00:43:39,600
That describes you exactly.

1449
00:43:39,600 --> 00:43:41,233
Alice Smith is the only person

1450
00:43:41,233 --> 00:43:42,833
that fits that exact

1451
00:43:42,833 --> 00:43:44,766
description.

1452
00:43:44,766 --> 00:43:47,266
And so if you know the genus and

1453
00:43:47,266 --> 00:43:48,866
the species name, you know that

1454
00:43:48,866 --> 00:43:50,300
you're asking for exactly the

1455
00:43:50,300 --> 00:43:51,733
right plant.

1456
00:43:51,733 --> 00:43:53,133
If you read about some plant or

1457
00:43:53,133 --> 00:43:54,433
if you go on a garden tour, oh,

1458
00:43:54,433 --> 00:43:55,633
I really like that, and they

1459
00:43:55,633 --> 00:43:57,566
say, oh, well that's a cupflower

1460
00:43:57,566 --> 00:43:59,000
or something.

1461
00:43:59,000 --> 00:44:00,300
Well, can you tell me, do you

1462
00:44:00,300 --> 00:44:01,566
have any more information than

1463
00:44:01,566 --> 00:44:02,866
that?

1464
00:44:02,866 --> 00:44:04,133
Do you know the scientific name?

1465
00:44:04,133 --> 00:44:05,633
Because if you go to the nursery

1466
00:44:05,633 --> 00:44:06,966
and you ask for the cupflower,

1467
00:44:06,966 --> 00:44:08,400
who knows what that is.

1468
00:44:08,400 --> 00:44:10,400
You're going to know exactly

1469
00:44:10,400 --> 00:44:11,866
what you're talking about if you

1470
00:44:11,866 --> 00:44:13,200
have the genus and the species.

1471
00:44:13,200 --> 00:44:14,600
And just the genus isn't going

1472
00:44:14,600 --> 00:44:16,033
to do it because say this is

1473
00:44:16,033 --> 00:44:17,666
Phlox.

1474
00:44:17,666 --> 00:44:19,733
Well, there's all different

1475
00:44:19,733 --> 00:44:20,966
types of Phlox ranging from the

1476
00:44:20,966 --> 00:44:22,200
tall garden Phlox

1477
00:44:22,200 --> 00:44:23,700
to low Creeping Phlox.

1478
00:44:23,700 --> 00:44:25,000
Well, say okay, it was a

1479
00:44:25,000 --> 00:44:26,533
Creeping Phlox.

1480
00:44:26,533 --> 00:44:27,833
Well, there's two entirely

1481
00:44:27,833 --> 00:44:28,900
different plants that are called

1482
00:44:28,900 --> 00:44:30,333
Creeping Phlox.

1483
00:44:30,333 --> 00:44:31,566
The one on the top is Phlox

1484
00:44:31,566 --> 00:44:32,933
stolonifera, that's a woodland

1485
00:44:32,933 --> 00:44:34,400
ground cover.

1486
00:44:34,400 --> 00:44:35,666
And the one on the bottom is

1487
00:44:35,666 --> 00:44:36,666
Phlox subulata.

1488
00:44:36,666 --> 00:44:37,566
That's a rock garden plant for

1489
00:44:37,566 --> 00:44:38,666
full sun.

1490
00:44:38,666 --> 00:44:39,666
They're both called Creeping

1491
00:44:39,666 --> 00:44:40,866
Phlox.

1492
00:44:40,866 --> 00:44:41,900
Just to complicate the issue,

1493
00:44:41,900 --> 00:44:43,200
the one on the bottom is also

1494
00:44:43,200 --> 00:44:44,833
called Pinks, and Pinks is the

1495
00:44:44,833 --> 00:44:46,900
common name for Dianthus or

1496
00:44:46,900 --> 00:44:48,666
carnations.

1497
00:44:48,666 --> 00:44:50,733
So that's why it really does

1498
00:44:50,733 --> 00:44:52,266
behoove you to know these

1499
00:44:52,266 --> 00:44:53,766
scientific names.

1500
00:44:53,766 --> 00:44:55,366
And when you get down to the

1501
00:44:55,366 --> 00:44:57,100
species level, so that's Phlox

1502
00:44:57,100 --> 00:44:58,600
paniculata, the tall garden

1503
00:44:58,600 --> 00:45:03,166
Phlox, that species name can

1504
00:45:03,166 --> 00:45:05,200
actually tell you information

1505
00:45:05,200 --> 00:45:07,466
about the plant itself.

1506
00:45:07,466 --> 00:45:09,400
It's usually in a language you

1507
00:45:09,400 --> 00:45:10,466
don't know.

1508
00:45:10,466 --> 00:45:11,600
It's either Greek or it's Latin

1509
00:45:11,600 --> 00:45:12,733
usually.

1510
00:45:12,733 --> 00:45:14,233
But you can learn what some of

1511
00:45:14,233 --> 00:45:16,033
these names mean, and it

1512
00:45:16,033 --> 00:45:17,900
actually tells you some

1513
00:45:17,900 --> 00:45:19,400
characteristics of the plant.

1514
00:45:19,400 --> 00:45:21,200
So in this situation, Phlox

1515
00:45:21,200 --> 00:45:23,100
paniculata means the flower, it

1516
00:45:23,100 --> 00:45:24,766
flowers in a panicle.

1517
00:45:24,766 --> 00:45:26,266
The flower is in the form of a

1518
00:45:26,266 --> 00:45:27,766
panicle.

1519
00:45:27,766 --> 00:45:29,200
But alba is white.

1520
00:45:29,200 --> 00:45:30,833
Atropurpurea would be purple.

1521
00:45:30,833 --> 00:45:32,400
It can even tell you about the

1522
00:45:32,400 --> 00:45:33,900
growing conditions.

1523
00:45:33,900 --> 00:45:35,900
Let's see palustris, if the

1524
00:45:35,900 --> 00:45:37,733
species name is palustris, that

1525
00:45:37,733 --> 00:45:39,400
wants to grow in a wet area.

1526
00:45:39,400 --> 00:45:42,766
Most of them are just

1527
00:45:42,766 --> 00:45:44,366
descriptive, the other ones that

1528
00:45:44,366 --> 00:45:45,700
are on there.

1529
00:45:45,700 --> 00:45:47,200
But you really can get a lot of

1530
00:45:47,200 --> 00:45:48,766
information out of the name.

1531
00:45:48,766 --> 00:45:50,266
It can be quite interesting to

1532
00:45:50,266 --> 00:45:51,933
begin to understand what these

1533
00:45:51,933 --> 00:45:53,766
names mean.

1534
00:45:53,766 --> 00:45:56,033
So you've narrowed it down to

1535
00:45:56,033 --> 00:45:58,233
Phlox paniculata, even if you

1536
00:45:58,233 --> 00:45:59,966
went into the nursery and said I

1537
00:45:59,966 --> 00:46:01,566
want Phlox paniculata, there's

1538
00:46:01,566 --> 00:46:03,833
probably well over a hundred

1539
00:46:03,833 --> 00:46:05,400
different varieties of Phlox

1540
00:46:05,400 --> 00:46:06,900
paniculata.

1541
00:46:06,900 --> 00:46:09,633
So you really want to know also

1542
00:46:09,633 --> 00:46:11,066
the cultivar or the variety

1543
00:46:11,066 --> 00:46:12,500
name.

1544
00:46:12,500 --> 00:46:14,166
In this case, Phlox paniculata,

1545
00:46:14,166 --> 00:46:15,666
Shockwave.

1546
00:46:15,666 --> 00:46:17,466
That's this variegated one.

1547
00:46:17,466 --> 00:46:20,600
But there's any number of named

1548
00:46:20,600 --> 00:46:23,100
varieties of cultivar, which

1549
00:46:23,100 --> 00:46:26,600
means it's a variety that was

1550
00:46:26,600 --> 00:46:29,033
developed by plant breeders is

1551
00:46:29,033 --> 00:46:30,600
what a cultivar is.

1552
00:46:30,600 --> 00:46:31,966
It's shown in single quotes like

1553
00:46:31,966 --> 00:46:34,000
that.

1554
00:46:34,000 --> 00:46:35,433
Mistake: selecting a plant

1555
00:46:35,433 --> 00:46:37,066
solely on the basis of its

1556
00:46:37,066 --> 00:46:38,466
flowers.

1557
00:46:38,466 --> 00:46:40,033
We all do this.

1558
00:46:40,033 --> 00:46:41,966
It's just human nature.

1559
00:46:41,966 --> 00:46:43,833
But it really, and this is

1560
00:46:43,833 --> 00:46:45,366
another reason that it's good to

1561
00:46:45,366 --> 00:46:46,833
sort of take your time

1562
00:46:46,833 --> 00:46:48,266
establishing your perennial

1563
00:46:48,266 --> 00:46:49,733
garden and maybe not invest in

1564
00:46:49,733 --> 00:46:51,166
huge waves of one thing until

1565
00:46:51,166 --> 00:46:52,533
you find out how you like its

1566
00:46:52,533 --> 00:46:53,866
performance.

1567
00:46:53,866 --> 00:46:55,300
You also want to consider what

1568
00:46:55,300 --> 00:46:57,233
its foliage, habit, form, and

1569
00:46:57,233 --> 00:46:58,633
texture is going to be because

1570
00:46:58,633 --> 00:47:00,100
the vast majority of the time,

1571
00:47:00,100 --> 00:47:01,900
other than that three to four

1572
00:47:01,900 --> 00:47:03,400
weeks that the plant is

1573
00:47:03,400 --> 00:47:04,800
blooming, that's what you're

1574
00:47:04,800 --> 00:47:06,066
going to be looking at.

1575
00:47:06,066 --> 00:47:07,466
You're going to be looking at

1576
00:47:07,466 --> 00:47:08,733
the foliage and the habit and

1577
00:47:08,733 --> 00:47:10,200
the texture and the form.

1578
00:47:10,200 --> 00:47:11,533
And so you want that to be

1579
00:47:11,533 --> 00:47:13,300
attractive.

1580
00:47:13,300 --> 00:47:14,766
And there are a lot of

1581
00:47:14,766 --> 00:47:16,100
perennials that really are very

1582
00:47:16,100 --> 00:47:17,366
attractive through the whole

1583
00:47:17,366 --> 00:47:18,633
season even though they're not

1584
00:47:18,633 --> 00:47:19,900
blooming.

1585
00:47:19,900 --> 00:47:20,966
One of my favorites is this.

1586
00:47:20,966 --> 00:47:22,066
This is a dwarf form of the

1587
00:47:22,066 --> 00:47:23,200
Baptisia australis or false

1588
00:47:23,200 --> 00:47:24,833
indigo called minor.

1589
00:47:24,833 --> 00:47:26,333
And it has a really pretty

1590
00:47:26,333 --> 00:47:27,666
flower in the spring, but then

1591
00:47:27,666 --> 00:47:29,133
also it just has that beautiful

1592
00:47:29,133 --> 00:47:30,566
habit throughout the season.

1593
00:47:30,566 --> 00:47:31,800
It's just a really good garden

1594
00:47:31,800 --> 00:47:33,466
plant.

1595
00:47:33,466 --> 00:47:35,166
If you are going to pick plants

1596
00:47:35,166 --> 00:47:36,866
based on their flower, you might

1597
00:47:36,866 --> 00:47:39,400
want to select those that are

1598
00:47:39,400 --> 00:47:40,633
going to bloom for a really long

1599
00:47:40,633 --> 00:47:41,700
period of time.

1600
00:47:41,700 --> 00:47:43,066
And there are some perennials

1601
00:47:43,066 --> 00:47:45,100
that will bloom six weeks, even

1602
00:47:45,100 --> 00:47:46,966
more, but they are few and far

1603
00:47:46,966 --> 00:47:48,433
between.

1604
00:47:48,433 --> 00:47:49,833
We do have a list on our website

1605
00:47:49,833 --> 00:47:51,366
of perennials that bloom more

1606
00:47:51,366 --> 00:47:53,566
than six weeks, but the one on

1607
00:47:53,566 --> 00:47:56,600
the right here, this is Salvia

1608
00:47:56,600 --> 00:47:58,800
verticillata, purple rain.

1609
00:47:58,800 --> 00:48:00,833
That is a great Salvia.

1610
00:48:00,833 --> 00:48:01,833
If you dead-head that, that

1611
00:48:01,833 --> 00:48:02,933
blooms all season.

1612
00:48:02,933 --> 00:48:04,300
It's a different species than

1613
00:48:04,300 --> 00:48:05,300
the Salvia most of you are

1614
00:48:05,300 --> 00:48:06,600
probably familiar with.

1615
00:48:06,600 --> 00:48:07,966
At the top, that's Corydalis

1616
00:48:07,966 --> 00:48:09,600
lutea.

1617
00:48:09,600 --> 00:48:11,433
We saw in an earlier slide that

1618
00:48:11,433 --> 00:48:13,166
Corydalis bulbosa.

1619
00:48:13,166 --> 00:48:14,433
That was that carpet of purple

1620
00:48:14,433 --> 00:48:15,500
early in the spring.

1621
00:48:15,500 --> 00:48:17,166
That one goes dormant.

1622
00:48:17,166 --> 00:48:20,500
This one blooms in deep shade

1623
00:48:20,500 --> 00:48:22,833
in soil with no nutrients

1624
00:48:22,833 --> 00:48:27,333
from June until hard frost.

1625
00:48:27,333 --> 00:48:28,500
It's one of the longest blooming

1626
00:48:28,500 --> 00:48:29,600
perennials.

1627
00:48:29,600 --> 00:48:30,933
>> What was it called again?

1628
00:48:30,933 --> 00:48:33,033
>> It's Corydalis lutea.

1629
00:48:33,033 --> 00:48:34,500
In the middle, that's

1630
00:48:34,500 --> 00:48:37,433
Calamintha, Montrose White.

1631
00:48:37,433 --> 00:48:38,800
That picture was taken in late

1632
00:48:38,800 --> 00:48:40,533
October.

1633
00:48:40,533 --> 00:48:42,433
That's been blooming since June.

1634
00:48:42,433 --> 00:48:43,866
And you want to be a little

1635
00:48:43,866 --> 00:48:46,233
careful with the Calamintha

1636
00:48:46,233 --> 00:48:48,200
because you only want to get the

1637
00:48:48,200 --> 00:48:50,500
sterile varieties.

1638
00:48:50,500 --> 00:48:52,133
Montrose White and there's a

1639
00:48:52,133 --> 00:48:56,166
blue one called nepetoides,

1640
00:48:56,166 --> 00:48:57,566
subspecies nepetoides.

1641
00:48:57,566 --> 00:48:59,366
Those are the sterile ones.

1642
00:48:59,366 --> 00:49:01,266
Some of the other varieties,

1643
00:49:01,266 --> 00:49:02,900
well we learned the hard way,

1644
00:49:02,900 --> 00:49:04,333
Blue Cloud and White Cloud,

1645
00:49:04,333 --> 00:49:07,066
they seed all over the place.

1646
00:49:07,066 --> 00:49:09,200
And then the plant on the left

1647
00:49:09,200 --> 00:49:11,500
that's Nepeta, Souvenir d'Andre.

1648
00:49:11,500 --> 00:49:15,000
And Nepeta, Souvenir d'Andre

1649
00:49:15,000 --> 00:49:17,133
Chaudron, and it's one of my

1650
00:49:17,133 --> 00:49:18,533
very, very favorite plants.

1651
00:49:18,533 --> 00:49:19,366
It blooms all summer.

1652
00:49:19,366 --> 00:49:20,733
Hummingbirds love it.

1653
00:49:20,733 --> 00:49:22,700
We can't get it anymore.

1654
00:49:22,700 --> 00:49:24,366
We can't find it anywhere.

1655
00:49:24,366 --> 00:49:25,633
Fortunately, we do have some

1656
00:49:25,633 --> 00:49:26,766
stock we're going to be able to

1657
00:49:26,766 --> 00:49:28,400
take cuttings from.

1658
00:49:28,400 --> 00:49:31,766
But the wholesaler that we used

1659
00:49:31,766 --> 00:49:33,266
to buy it from, they said we got

1660
00:49:33,266 --> 00:49:34,433
rid of it because it had too

1661
00:49:34,433 --> 00:49:35,833
long of a name.

1662
00:49:35,833 --> 00:49:38,900
[LAUGHTER]

1663
00:49:38,900 --> 00:49:40,100
And then, of course, the plant

1664
00:49:40,100 --> 00:49:41,800
that it's partnered with there

1665
00:49:41,800 --> 00:49:43,033
is a really great plant that

1666
00:49:43,033 --> 00:49:44,500
blooms all year.

1667
00:49:44,500 --> 00:49:45,833
[LAUGHTER]

1668
00:49:45,833 --> 00:49:48,133
And it grows in sun or shade,

1669
00:49:48,133 --> 00:49:49,266
and it doesn't even require

1670
00:49:49,266 --> 00:49:50,600
watering.

1671
00:49:50,600 --> 00:49:52,766
[LAUGHTER]

1672
00:49:52,766 --> 00:49:54,433
And mistake: falling for a

1673
00:49:54,433 --> 00:49:56,233
picture of a pretty face.

1674
00:49:56,233 --> 00:49:57,633
I did take these pictures off

1675
00:49:57,633 --> 00:49:58,866
the Internet, and I don't want

1676
00:49:58,866 --> 00:50:00,133
to imply that these are not

1677
00:50:00,133 --> 00:50:01,233
great daylilies because I don't

1678
00:50:01,233 --> 00:50:02,233
know anything about these

1679
00:50:02,233 --> 00:50:04,300
particular daylilies.

1680
00:50:04,300 --> 00:50:05,766
But what I did is I just looked

1681
00:50:05,766 --> 00:50:07,033
for really incredible looking

1682
00:50:07,033 --> 00:50:09,033
daylilies.

1683
00:50:09,033 --> 00:50:12,700
And if you saw that picture in a

1684
00:50:12,700 --> 00:50:14,666
catalog, you would say, wow, I

1685
00:50:14,666 --> 00:50:16,366
want to have that.

1686
00:50:16,366 --> 00:50:17,500
But what do you really know

1687
00:50:17,500 --> 00:50:18,766
about it besides that's what one

1688
00:50:18,766 --> 00:50:20,833
flower looks like?

1689
00:50:20,833 --> 00:50:22,300
And there's so much more to know

1690
00:50:22,300 --> 00:50:23,533
about a plant.

1691
00:50:23,533 --> 00:50:24,733
And we do grow about 400

1692
00:50:24,733 --> 00:50:25,933
varieties of daylilies at the

1693
00:50:25,933 --> 00:50:27,700
farm.

1694
00:50:27,700 --> 00:50:30,233
So if you can go and you can

1695
00:50:30,233 --> 00:50:32,000
actually see that plant, ideally

1696
00:50:32,000 --> 00:50:34,300
in a garden situation, and this

1697
00:50:34,300 --> 00:50:35,700
is where going to the botanic

1698
00:50:35,700 --> 00:50:36,966
gardens or going to the garden

1699
00:50:36,966 --> 00:50:38,600
tours is great too, you're going

1700
00:50:38,600 --> 00:50:39,833
to see not just the individual

1701
00:50:39,833 --> 00:50:41,866
flower but you're going to see

1702
00:50:41,866 --> 00:50:43,500
how many flowers are on that

1703
00:50:43,500 --> 00:50:45,333
plant, how well branched are

1704
00:50:45,333 --> 00:50:46,500
they, how are they distributed

1705
00:50:46,500 --> 00:50:47,566
on the plant, what does the

1706
00:50:47,566 --> 00:50:49,766
foliage look like, etc, etc.

1707
00:50:49,766 --> 00:50:50,966
All these things that are really

1708
00:50:50,966 --> 00:50:52,266
important considerations

1709
00:50:52,266 --> 00:50:54,233
for having an attractive

1710
00:50:54,233 --> 00:50:57,600
and satisfying garden plant.

1711
00:50:57,600 --> 00:50:59,866
And so that is what I have to

1712
00:50:59,866 --> 00:51:02,400
show you in terms of the slides.

1713
00:51:02,400 --> 00:51:05,433
And thank you very much.

1714
00:51:05,433 --> 00:51:07,433
[APPLAUSE]