WEBVTT 00:00.000 --> 00:01.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:5% cc 00:01.066 --> 00:02.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% >> Horticulturist at Monches 00:02.166 --> 00:03.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% Farm in Colgate, Wisconsin. 00:03.533 --> 00:04.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And how many of you have been to 00:04.566 --> 00:06.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% Monches Farm? 00:06.000 --> 00:07.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% Very nice. 00:07.066 --> 00:08.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% Thank you. 00:08.200 --> 00:09.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% I appreciate that. 00:09.333 --> 00:10.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% For those of you who haven't, 00:10.500 --> 00:11.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% we're about an hour drive from 00:11.966 --> 00:14.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% here, about 30 miles northwest 00:14.366 --> 00:16.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% of downtown Milwaukee. 00:16.033 --> 00:18.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% We've been growing perennials 00:18.133 --> 00:19.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:42.5% for 33 years now. 00:19.800 --> 00:21.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% We grow about 2,000 varieties of 00:21.633 --> 00:23.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% hardy field-grown perennials as 00:23.400 --> 00:25.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% well as unusual annuals and 00:25.366 --> 00:26.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% tropicals. 00:26.466 --> 00:27.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% We also have a gift shop with 00:27.800 --> 00:29.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% antiques, and we do custom dried 00:29.800 --> 00:31.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% floral design and that sort of 00:31.700 --> 00:33.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% thing. 00:33.466 --> 00:35.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% We're on a rustic designated 00:35.533 --> 00:37.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% Wisconsin Rustic Road. 00:37.600 --> 00:39.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% It's really a beautiful drive 00:39.100 --> 00:40.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% out there. 00:40.100 --> 00:41.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% So I'd love to have you come 00:41.200 --> 00:42.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% visit us sometime. 00:42.600 --> 00:44.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% We present our plants in kind of 00:44.000 --> 00:45.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% a unique way in that we plant, 00:45.666 --> 00:47.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% we pot up the plants, we sink 00:47.366 --> 00:49.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% the pot in the ground, and they 00:49.233 --> 00:50.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% stay in the ground there until 00:50.833 --> 00:53.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% they go home with a gardener. 00:53.366 --> 00:54.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% So our plants are all out there 00:54.833 --> 00:55.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% in the sales yard now. 00:55.966 --> 00:57.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% We do cover them with straw for 00:57.500 --> 00:58.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% the winter months. 00:58.666 --> 00:59.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% As soon as things thaw in the 00:59.833 --> 01:01.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% spring, we'll be raking the 01:01.100 --> 01:02.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% straw off, and you will know 01:02.900 --> 01:04.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% that plant has already been 01:04.200 --> 01:05.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% through a Wisconsin winter when 01:05.933 --> 01:07.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% you take it home to your garden. 01:07.733 --> 01:09.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% So what we're going to be 01:09.233 --> 01:10.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% talking about today is common 01:10.533 --> 01:12.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% mistakes beginning perennial 01:12.400 --> 01:14.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% gardeners make and how to avoid 01:14.033 --> 01:16.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% them. 01:16.900 --> 01:18.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And I hate to start with soil 01:18.333 --> 01:20.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% because I know that for so many 01:20.266 --> 01:22.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% people soil is just a snoozer, 01:22.400 --> 01:24.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% and you kind of lose people 01:24.633 --> 01:26.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% right from the get-go. 01:26.133 --> 01:29.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% But it is absolutely the 01:29.866 --> 01:32.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% foundation of developing a good 01:32.133 --> 01:33.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:42.5% perennial garden. 01:33.866 --> 01:36.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And it's one of the few mistakes 01:36.000 --> 01:38.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% that you can't easily go back 01:38.033 --> 01:40.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% and correct after the fact. 01:40.733 --> 01:42.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% So in planning you garden, it 01:42.866 --> 01:44.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% really makes sense to get the 01:44.433 --> 01:46.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% soil prepared correctly because 01:46.533 --> 01:48.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% you're going to have such a more 01:48.733 --> 01:51.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% satisfactory experience. 01:51.166 --> 01:52.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% No matter how wonderful the 01:52.266 --> 01:53.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% plants are that you put into 01:53.433 --> 01:55.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% your garden, if you don't have 01:55.133 --> 01:57.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% good soil, you're not going to 01:57.400 --> 01:59.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% have success and it's not going 01:59.233 --> 02:01.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% to be a good experience for you. 02:01.466 --> 02:04.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% So, how do you go about figuring 02:04.033 --> 02:05.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% out how to amend the soil? 02:05.733 --> 02:07.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% First you want to know what your 02:07.766 --> 02:09.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:42.5% existing soil is. 02:09.566 --> 02:12.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And the soil is determined by 02:12.133 --> 02:14.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% the underlying bedrock. 02:14.300 --> 02:16.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And the fact that we have had 02:16.133 --> 02:18.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% glaciation in southern Wisconsin 02:18.933 --> 02:20.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% really makes that kind of a 02:20.366 --> 02:22.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% complicated situation. 02:22.033 --> 02:24.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% I live in West Bend, and on the 02:24.900 --> 02:27.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% south side of town the soil is 02:27.100 --> 02:28.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% very clay and loam and on the 02:28.733 --> 02:30.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% north side of town it's very 02:30.500 --> 02:31.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% sandy. 02:31.733 --> 02:33.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% So don't assume that your soil 02:33.200 --> 02:34.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% is the same as your friend or 02:34.766 --> 02:35.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% your neighbor just because they 02:35.866 --> 02:37.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% live in you proximity. 02:37.200 --> 02:39.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% It really, soil types can vary 02:39.000 --> 02:41.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% greatly within a very small 02:41.233 --> 02:42.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% locality because of the 02:42.700 --> 02:45.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% glaciation. 02:45.066 --> 02:47.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% The basic types of soil that 02:47.433 --> 02:49.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% you'll find in this area are 02:49.233 --> 02:54.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% sandy soil, which these things 02:54.066 --> 02:56.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% are sort of obvious, but the 02:56.966 --> 02:59.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% soil particles are very large so 02:59.600 --> 03:02.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% the roots can grow very readily 03:02.100 --> 03:03.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% through them. 03:03.366 --> 03:05.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% Plants actually love to grow in 03:05.400 --> 03:07.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% sand and grow very well in sand. 03:07.166 --> 03:08.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% The problem is that nutrients 03:08.766 --> 03:11.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% and moisture passes very readily 03:11.366 --> 03:13.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% through sandy soil. 03:13.333 --> 03:15.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% So you need to constantly be 03:15.066 --> 03:16.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% supplementing those if you're 03:16.633 --> 03:18.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% growing in a real sandy soil. 03:18.533 --> 03:19.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% On the opposite extreme, you 03:19.966 --> 03:21.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% have the clay soil, which has 03:21.500 --> 03:24.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% very small soil particles, tends 03:24.300 --> 03:26.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% to hold water, and tends to 03:26.266 --> 03:28.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% become very waterlogged. 03:28.366 --> 03:29.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% It's also very difficult for 03:29.966 --> 03:33.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% roots to penetrate, particularly 03:33.000 --> 03:34.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% when it dries. 03:34.366 --> 03:35.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% It can become almost like 03:35.566 --> 03:38.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:22.5% concrete. 03:38.900 --> 03:41.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% But it is a more nutrient rich 03:41.000 --> 03:42.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% soil than the sandy soil. 03:42.900 --> 03:46.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And the way that you would take 03:46.733 --> 03:48.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% either of these extremes and 03:48.033 --> 03:49.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% make them into the ideal garden 03:49.600 --> 03:51.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% soil, which is loam, would be by 03:51.100 --> 03:53.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% adding organic matter. 03:53.000 --> 03:54.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% Either to clay soil or to sandy 03:54.800 --> 03:56.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% soil, the addition of organic 03:56.500 --> 03:58.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% matter is going to give you your 03:58.433 --> 04:00.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% desirable end soil, which is 04:00.866 --> 04:02.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% loam. 04:02.233 --> 04:03.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% Some people think if you take a 04:03.500 --> 04:05.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% clay soil and you add sand that 04:05.233 --> 04:07.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% makes it drain more readily. 04:07.333 --> 04:08.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% In fact, it doesn't. 04:08.766 --> 04:10.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% It actually worsens the 04:10.000 --> 04:11.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% situation. 04:11.400 --> 04:16.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% So if you are going to bring in 04:16.000 --> 04:18.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% new soil, and this is what we 04:18.266 --> 04:20.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% often do with our beds. 04:20.266 --> 04:21.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% I don't know if I have a pointer 04:21.366 --> 04:22.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% on here or not. 04:22.433 --> 04:23.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% I don't think I do. 04:23.766 --> 04:25.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% But we prepare the garden bed, 04:25.733 --> 04:28.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% and then we actually bring in 04:28.333 --> 04:30.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% and berm up with introduced 04:30.600 --> 04:32.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% soil. 04:32.600 --> 04:34.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And if you're purchasing soil, 04:34.233 --> 04:35.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% you want to make sure you don't 04:35.366 --> 04:37.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% buy just what is often called 04:37.600 --> 04:40.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% brown topsoil or black topsoil 04:40.966 --> 04:42.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% because a lot of times you're 04:42.200 --> 04:43.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% going to just be buying in what 04:43.533 --> 04:45.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% you already have as your native 04:45.766 --> 04:47.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% soil. 04:47.300 --> 04:48.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% So you really want to buy in a 04:48.500 --> 04:49.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% blended mix. 04:49.933 --> 04:51.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And if you are working with a 04:51.900 --> 04:53.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% reputable dealer and you tell 04:53.166 --> 04:54.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% them what you're after, they can 04:54.333 --> 04:55.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% help you pick out what that mix 04:55.633 --> 04:56.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:7.5% is. 04:56.800 --> 04:58.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% It's going to vary depending 04:58.066 --> 05:00.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% upon who the distributor is. 05:00.333 --> 05:01.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% But, basically, you want soil 05:01.633 --> 05:03.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% that's actually mixed with some 05:03.500 --> 05:05.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% sort of organic matter, some 05:05.200 --> 05:07.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:40% sort of compost. 05:07.333 --> 05:08.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% We sometimes actually start with 05:08.800 --> 05:10.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% a plant starter mix, which is 05:10.233 --> 05:12.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% usually used for nurseries, to 05:12.300 --> 05:14.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% establish our beds. 05:14.233 --> 05:15.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% And if you are going to be 05:15.966 --> 05:18.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% adding to your existing soil, 05:18.866 --> 05:20.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% you want to bring in organic 05:20.266 --> 05:21.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:17.5% matter. 05:21.533 --> 05:23.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% And we have found that the 05:23.033 --> 05:25.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% absolute best compost we can 05:25.800 --> 05:27.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% purchase is what's called 05:27.000 --> 05:28.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:42.5% mushroom compost. 05:28.666 --> 05:30.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And in the Milwaukee area, we 05:30.433 --> 05:32.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% get it from a place called 05:32.000 --> 05:33.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% Certified Products in New 05:33.233 --> 05:34.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% Berlin, but I'm sure it's 05:34.466 --> 05:36.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% available other places also. 05:36.233 --> 05:38.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% It is just phenomenal stuff. 05:38.133 --> 05:40.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% If you mix your organic matter 05:40.866 --> 05:42.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% with your native soil about 05:42.000 --> 05:43.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% one-third to two-thirds, you 05:43.500 --> 05:44.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% till that in, you just get 05:44.833 --> 05:46.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% amazing performance from your 05:46.800 --> 05:49.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:17.5% plants. 05:49.466 --> 05:51.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% If you want to know what you 05:51.033 --> 05:52.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% have in terms of nutrient 05:52.866 --> 05:54.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% content and that sort of thing 05:54.333 --> 05:56.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% in your existing soil, the best 05:56.533 --> 05:57.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% thing to do is to take a soil 05:57.866 --> 05:59.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:17.5% sample. 05:59.566 --> 06:01.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And because the soil can really 06:01.166 --> 06:03.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% vary even within your own piece 06:03.933 --> 06:05.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% of property, you usually are 06:05.533 --> 06:06.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% going to want to take a number 06:06.900 --> 06:08.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% of soil samples from throughout 06:08.333 --> 06:10.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% your property and submit them to 06:10.100 --> 06:12.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% the UW Soil Testing Lab. 06:12.433 --> 06:14.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% I didn't print out handouts for 06:14.866 --> 06:18.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% today, but all this information, 06:18.100 --> 06:19.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% you don't have to write down 06:19.466 --> 06:20.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% these websites and stuff because 06:20.733 --> 06:21.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% all this information is 06:21.866 --> 06:23.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% available on our website, 06:23.200 --> 06:25.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:40% MonchesFarm.com. 06:25.066 --> 06:26.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% If you go to the latest news 06:26.366 --> 06:28.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% page, there's a link to a three- 06:28.233 --> 06:30.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% or four-page handout that has 06:30.733 --> 06:32.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% all this information on it that 06:32.300 --> 06:34.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% you can print out. 06:34.066 --> 06:36.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% So if you send your soil into 06:36.333 --> 06:38.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% the UW Soil Testing Lab, they're 06:38.500 --> 06:39.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% going to tell you what the 06:39.766 --> 06:41.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% nutrient content is, what the pH 06:41.333 --> 06:42.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% is, and what they would 06:42.933 --> 06:46.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% recommend in terms of additions. 06:46.800 --> 06:48.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And there are many, many soil 06:48.233 --> 06:50.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% nutrients, but the three that 06:50.266 --> 06:53.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% are considered the primary 06:53.166 --> 06:55.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% nutrients because they are most 06:55.400 --> 06:57.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% used by plants and they move 06:57.333 --> 06:59.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% most readily through the soil 06:59.300 --> 07:00.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% and therefore are the ones that 07:00.633 --> 07:01.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% you most frequently have to 07:01.866 --> 07:04.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% supplement are nitrogen, 07:04.200 --> 07:06.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% phosphorus, and potassium. 07:06.733 --> 07:08.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And when you see a fertilizer 07:08.666 --> 07:10.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% bag and it has the three 07:10.266 --> 07:13.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% numbers, 10, 10, 10 or 10, 25, 07:13.333 --> 07:14.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% or whatever, those are what the 07:14.600 --> 07:15.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% three numbers are. 07:15.866 --> 07:17.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% The first number is nitrogen, 07:17.133 --> 07:18.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% the second number is phosphorus, 07:18.333 --> 07:19.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% and the last number is 07:19.866 --> 07:21.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% potassium. 07:21.333 --> 07:23.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% The nitrogen tends to push a lot 07:23.000 --> 07:25.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:40% of leafy growth. 07:25.166 --> 07:26.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% So that's why lawn fertilizers 07:26.900 --> 07:29.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% will have a high first number. 07:29.166 --> 07:31.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% If you're emphasis is on growing 07:31.633 --> 07:33.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% fruit or on trying to produce 07:33.333 --> 07:36.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% blossoms, usually you're looking 07:36.300 --> 07:37.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% for a higher middle number 07:37.866 --> 07:39.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% because the phosphorus is what 07:39.233 --> 07:40.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% affects that type of growth. 07:40.733 --> 07:41.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% Although, our native soils in 07:41.900 --> 07:44.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% Wisconsin do tend to naturally 07:44.266 --> 07:46.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% be quite high in phosphorus. 07:46.066 --> 07:47.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And the potassium just sort of 07:47.966 --> 07:52.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% is for overall plant health. 07:52.866 --> 07:54.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% Soil pH is another 07:54.033 --> 07:55.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% consideration. 07:55.533 --> 07:57.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% This, just like the soil type, 07:57.600 --> 07:59.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% is determined by the underlying 07:59.600 --> 08:00.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% bedrock. 08:00.800 --> 08:02.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% So again, in southern Wisconsin 08:02.400 --> 08:04.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% where we have limestone, our 08:04.500 --> 08:06.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% soils tend to be very alkaline. 08:06.533 --> 08:07.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% You get a little bit more 08:07.800 --> 08:09.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% acidity in the northern part of 08:09.900 --> 08:12.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% the state. 08:12.033 --> 08:13.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% And this affects the type of 08:13.833 --> 08:15.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:40% plants you grow. 08:15.100 --> 08:16.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% Plants that like to grow in a 08:16.433 --> 08:18.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% more acidic soil, just a couple 08:18.233 --> 08:20.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% examples here, rhododendron and 08:20.066 --> 08:22.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% blueberries, are unable to pick 08:22.233 --> 08:24.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% up the nutrients they need out 08:24.200 --> 08:25.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% of a more alkaline soil. 08:25.766 --> 08:27.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% So they do not tend to thrive. 08:27.733 --> 08:30.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% And that's why these plants 08:30.533 --> 08:32.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% you'll struggle to succeed with. 08:32.800 --> 08:34.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% Another thing, and many people 08:34.833 --> 08:37.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% have some awareness of this but 08:37.233 --> 08:38.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% maybe a little bit of 08:38.400 --> 08:39.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% misunderstanding of the plants 08:39.800 --> 08:41.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% that are influenced, sometimes 08:41.100 --> 08:42.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% the flower color can be 08:42.533 --> 08:44.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% influenced by soil pH. 08:44.966 --> 08:47.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% In very, very few plants the big 08:47.900 --> 08:50.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% leaf hydrangeas or the Hydrangea 08:50.533 --> 08:52.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% macrophylla, which are the ones 08:52.666 --> 08:54.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% that can produce the blue flower 08:54.933 --> 08:57.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% heads, those ones will change 08:57.266 --> 08:59.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% color depending upon the soil 08:59.000 --> 09:00.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% acidity. 09:00.066 --> 09:01.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% They'll be blue in acid soil; 09:01.333 --> 09:02.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% they'll be pink in alkaline 09:02.600 --> 09:03.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% soil. 09:03.800 --> 09:05.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And that's why oftentimes if you 09:05.900 --> 09:08.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% buy one of these at the nursery 09:08.233 --> 09:10.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% and it's blue when you get it, 09:10.133 --> 09:12.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% it may be pink in future years, 09:12.700 --> 09:14.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% if it blooms at all, quite 09:14.266 --> 09:15.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% frankly, because many of them 09:15.700 --> 09:17.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% don't tend to be bud hardy here. 09:17.966 --> 09:20.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% But that does not apply to the 09:20.766 --> 09:22.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% other two species of hydrangea 09:22.833 --> 09:24.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% that you frequently see. 09:24.000 --> 09:26.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% The snowball type, Hydrangea 09:26.833 --> 09:28.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% arborescens and the Hydrangea 09:28.266 --> 09:29.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% paniculata, which is the fall 09:29.766 --> 09:31.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% blooming one. 09:31.000 --> 09:33.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% Those two, they're going to be 09:33.300 --> 09:35.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% white, fading to green or rose 09:35.533 --> 09:37.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% color regardless of the soil 09:37.100 --> 09:38.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% acidity. 09:38.633 --> 09:41.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% But a lot of people want to try 09:41.800 --> 09:43.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% to grow blueberries or they want 09:43.400 --> 09:44.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% to try to get that blue 09:44.700 --> 09:47.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% hydrangea color, and you can 09:47.100 --> 09:49.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% supplement the soils with 09:49.866 --> 09:52.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% aluminum sulfate to make them 09:52.600 --> 09:54.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% more acidic. 09:54.300 --> 09:56.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% But I really think probably the 09:56.333 --> 09:58.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% best approach is to grow plants 09:58.266 --> 10:00.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% that are better adapted the 10:00.166 --> 10:01.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% growing in the soil that you 10:01.466 --> 10:02.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% actually have. 10:02.666 --> 10:03.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% You're almost fighting a losing 10:03.866 --> 10:05.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% battle to try to be constantly 10:05.933 --> 10:07.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% changing the soil pH around that 10:07.233 --> 10:08.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% plant. 10:08.300 --> 10:10.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% It can be done, but it's sort of 10:10.466 --> 10:14.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:42.5% a short-term fix. 10:14.300 --> 10:16.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% So moving on from soils, putting 10:16.866 --> 10:18.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% a garden or a plant in the wrong 10:18.133 --> 10:21.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% place. 10:21.233 --> 10:22.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% So the solution to this, 10:22.800 --> 10:25.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% obviously, you want to evaluate 10:25.100 --> 10:26.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% your site and you want to 10:26.366 --> 10:28.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% research your plant selection. 10:28.600 --> 10:30.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% Your site considerations would 10:30.166 --> 10:31.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% be number one, which we already 10:31.966 --> 10:33.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% talked about. 10:33.100 --> 10:34.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% The soil type, the pH, and the 10:34.433 --> 10:36.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:42.5% nutrient content. 10:36.500 --> 10:39.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% The sun exposure, the moisture 10:39.100 --> 10:40.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% levels, and then what I'm 10:40.700 --> 10:43.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% calling special considerations. 10:43.400 --> 10:44.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% So, sun exposure, a lot of 10:44.700 --> 10:46.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% people say I don't have full sun 10:46.333 --> 10:48.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% in that spot, thinking that full 10:48.166 --> 10:50.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% sun means that there is not one 10:50.033 --> 10:51.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% bit of shade, it's blasting sun 10:51.733 --> 10:53.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% all day. 10:53.233 --> 10:54.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% Full sun for a plant really 10:54.933 --> 10:56.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% means five or more hours of sun 10:56.666 --> 10:57.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% a day. 10:57.766 --> 10:58.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% So you have a lot more 10:58.966 --> 11:00.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% versatility than I think a lot 11:00.266 --> 11:01.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% of people think and think 11:01.933 --> 11:03.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% they're restricted to shade 11:03.400 --> 11:04.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% plants if they don't have that 11:04.800 --> 11:07.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% really truly full sun all day. 11:07.166 --> 11:08.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% If you have five or more hours, 11:08.466 --> 11:10.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% that is full sun as far as the 11:10.233 --> 11:12.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% plant is concerned. 11:12.733 --> 11:14.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And three to five hours, partial 11:14.033 --> 11:15.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% shade, two to three hours, 11:15.800 --> 11:17.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% shade, and zero to two hours is 11:17.200 --> 11:18.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% dense shade. 11:18.933 --> 11:20.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% And you really also want to 11:20.133 --> 11:21.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% consider the source of the 11:21.233 --> 11:22.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% shade. 11:22.400 --> 11:23.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% If you're underneath a tree, 11:23.666 --> 11:25.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% depending upon the density of 11:25.266 --> 11:26.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% the canopy cover, underneath a 11:26.766 --> 11:28.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% locust tree, there may be 11:28.500 --> 11:29.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% dappled light throughout the day 11:29.766 --> 11:30.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% down there. 11:30.900 --> 11:32.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% Underneath a maple tree, it's 11:32.433 --> 11:34.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% quite dense, but the worst shade 11:34.133 --> 11:36.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% to try to deal with is that 11:36.833 --> 11:38.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% that's cast by structures or by 11:38.400 --> 11:39.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% buildings. 11:39.466 --> 11:40.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% So on the north side of the 11:40.700 --> 11:43.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% house, there may literally be no 11:43.266 --> 11:45.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% sun that ever hits that spot, 11:45.500 --> 11:47.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% and that certainly becomes a 11:47.200 --> 11:51.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% challenge in plant selection. 11:51.333 --> 11:52.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% Moisture levels, drainage 11:52.566 --> 11:54.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% issues, and access to water. 11:54.533 --> 11:56.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% There may be an area, certainly 11:56.766 --> 11:58.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% this has to do with your soil 11:58.266 --> 12:00.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% type also, but if there's an 12:00.333 --> 12:01.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% area that floods in the spring, 12:01.633 --> 12:03.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% you're going to want to have 12:03.433 --> 12:05.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% plants that can tolerate that, 12:05.166 --> 12:06.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% being submerged for some period 12:06.400 --> 12:07.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% of time. 12:07.700 --> 12:08.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% If there's an area that's very 12:08.900 --> 12:10.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% dry, a slope that drains really 12:10.200 --> 12:11.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% quickly. 12:11.466 --> 12:12.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% But lastly, and I think some 12:12.900 --> 12:14.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% people don't think about this, 12:14.133 --> 12:15.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:40% access to water. 12:15.300 --> 12:16.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% How readily can you get your 12:16.666 --> 12:18.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% hose to that spot? 12:18.666 --> 12:19.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% It's a lot easier to water 12:19.800 --> 12:20.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% plants that are right in your 12:20.833 --> 12:22.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% foundation planting, but if 12:22.100 --> 12:23.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% you're going to put your 12:23.233 --> 12:24.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% perennial garden way at the back 12:24.533 --> 12:25.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% of your property, you're going 12:25.633 --> 12:26.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% to have to put three lengths of 12:26.666 --> 12:28.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% hose on in order to get to it, 12:28.166 --> 12:29.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% you're probably not going to 12:29.300 --> 12:30.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% water it as frequently as you 12:30.666 --> 12:31.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% really need to. 12:31.766 --> 12:34.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% So think about access to water 12:34.033 --> 12:36.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% also. 12:36.066 --> 12:37.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And special considerations could 12:37.700 --> 12:38.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% be many, many things, but some 12:38.933 --> 12:40.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% of the most prominent that I run 12:40.700 --> 12:43.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% into, number one, high winds. 12:43.533 --> 12:45.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% We do tend to get a lot of high 12:45.033 --> 12:47.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% winds running across what used 12:47.066 --> 12:48.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% to be the prairie here in 12:48.500 --> 12:50.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% southern Wisconsin. 12:50.733 --> 12:52.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% So plants that have sort of 12:52.300 --> 12:54.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% tender stems that might not 12:54.033 --> 12:56.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% withstand those winds, you want 12:56.000 --> 12:59.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% to have sturdy stem perennials 12:59.433 --> 13:01.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% for a windy site or possibly 13:01.266 --> 13:04.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% some sort of screening. 13:04.100 --> 13:06.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% Areas where kids or dogs are 13:06.733 --> 13:07.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% running. 13:07.900 --> 13:09.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% If there's going to be a lot of 13:09.033 --> 13:10.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% foot traffic, you definitely are 13:10.566 --> 13:11.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% going to want to pick plants 13:11.700 --> 13:12.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% that can take a little bit of 13:12.900 --> 13:15.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% abuse. 13:15.533 --> 13:17.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And salt runoff, if it's next to 13:17.033 --> 13:18.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% a walkway or a driveway and 13:18.700 --> 13:21.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% you're going to have salt 13:21.166 --> 13:23.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% running off, you really want to 13:23.033 --> 13:24.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% consider, number one, there are 13:24.633 --> 13:26.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% products that you can use, 13:26.266 --> 13:28.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% different alternatives for 13:28.766 --> 13:30.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% deicing besides salt. 13:30.966 --> 13:32.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% But if you are going to be using 13:32.933 --> 13:34.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% salt, you may want to select 13:34.366 --> 13:35.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% plants for those areas that have 13:35.633 --> 13:38.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% higher salt tolerance. 13:38.133 --> 13:41.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% And we do have a number of 13:41.533 --> 13:43.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% special use lists on our 13:43.100 --> 13:45.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% website, again MonchesFarm.com. 13:45.333 --> 13:47.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% It's a this and that page, and I 13:47.333 --> 13:48.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% did put a link to that page on 13:48.966 --> 13:52.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% our latest news section also. 13:52.400 --> 13:53.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% If you want to access some of 13:53.866 --> 13:55.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% these lists, these are lists of 13:55.966 --> 13:58.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% plants that are salt tolerant, 13:58.166 --> 13:59.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% plants that are drought 13:59.333 --> 14:00.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% tolerant, plants that will grow 14:00.700 --> 14:04.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% in a wet site, perennials. 14:04.800 --> 14:07.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% Another common mistake is 14:07.066 --> 14:09.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% planting invasive plants. 14:09.433 --> 14:11.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% How many of you know what the 14:11.966 --> 14:14.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% plant is that's in that picture? 14:14.800 --> 14:17.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% Well, this is what's called 14:17.800 --> 14:19.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% Lysimachia clethroides or 14:19.466 --> 14:21.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% gooseneck loosestrife. 14:21.366 --> 14:23.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% Now, we all know of the pink 14:23.033 --> 14:24.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% loosestrife as an invasive 14:24.566 --> 14:26.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% plant, actually illegal to grow 14:26.033 --> 14:28.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% in this state. 14:28.266 --> 14:30.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% That's Lycknis salicaria. 14:30.700 --> 14:31.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% It's actually a completely 14:31.833 --> 14:33.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% unrelated plant, but they just 14:33.233 --> 14:34.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% happen to have the same common 14:34.466 --> 14:35.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% name, and we're going to talk 14:35.800 --> 14:38.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% about botanical nomenclature 14:38.033 --> 14:39.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% later also. 14:39.600 --> 14:41.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% But this is a beautiful plant. 14:41.433 --> 14:43.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% It has that kind of gooseneck 14:43.333 --> 14:45.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% shaped flower. 14:45.100 --> 14:46.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% It's really very pretty lovely 14:46.500 --> 14:48.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% cut flower. 14:48.800 --> 14:50.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And when I was first introduced 14:50.433 --> 14:52.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% to this plant, I was told, oh, 14:52.366 --> 14:54.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% it's so great because it weaves 14:54.233 --> 14:55.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% the garden together. 14:55.933 --> 14:57.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% Well, indeed it does. 14:57.800 --> 15:00.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% [LAUGHTER] 15:00.633 --> 15:02.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% And I think a lot of times 15:02.300 --> 15:04.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% people, when they start out 15:04.233 --> 15:07.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% gardening, they're really drawn 15:07.900 --> 15:09.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% to some of these plants that 15:09.133 --> 15:10.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% tend to be invasive. 15:10.533 --> 15:11.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% And I think there's a couple 15:11.666 --> 15:12.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:42.5% reasons for that. 15:12.800 --> 15:13.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% Number one, a lot of times 15:13.933 --> 15:15.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% beginning gardeners start out by 15:15.766 --> 15:17.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% obtaining their plants at plant 15:17.366 --> 15:18.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% exchanges. 15:18.733 --> 15:19.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And there's a lot of nice plants 15:19.966 --> 15:21.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% at plant exchanges, but you 15:21.133 --> 15:22.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% really need to be knowledgeable 15:22.933 --> 15:24.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% about what you're acquiring 15:24.166 --> 15:25.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% there because a lot of times the 15:25.500 --> 15:26.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% reason the plant is at the plant 15:26.733 --> 15:27.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% exchange is because that person 15:27.966 --> 15:29.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% had a whole bunch of it in their 15:29.433 --> 15:31.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% yard. 15:31.400 --> 15:33.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And so a lot of times there's 15:33.500 --> 15:36.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% some not really great plants at 15:36.000 --> 15:37.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% those plant exchanges. 15:37.466 --> 15:38.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% Plus, when you come into the 15:38.700 --> 15:40.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% nursery and the plant that most 15:40.433 --> 15:41.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% appeals to you is the one that 15:41.800 --> 15:43.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% just looks so gorgeous and big 15:43.866 --> 15:46.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% and full and healthy in the pot, 15:46.233 --> 15:48.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% well, again, those oftentimes 15:48.300 --> 15:49.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% are the plants that are very 15:49.466 --> 15:51.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% aggressive. 15:51.366 --> 15:52.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And these are kind of the catch 15:52.933 --> 15:54.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% words you'll want to look for in 15:54.500 --> 15:57.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% signage or in catalogs are 15:57.700 --> 16:02.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% vigorous, enthusiastic, or 16:02.000 --> 16:03.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% eager. 16:03.600 --> 16:05.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% You might want to steer away 16:05.033 --> 16:06.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% from those plants. 16:06.500 --> 16:07.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% [LAUGHTER] 16:07.866 --> 16:09.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And this plant that we're seeing 16:09.366 --> 16:10.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% here in the pot, this is taken 16:10.933 --> 16:12.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:40% at Monches Farm. 16:12.500 --> 16:14.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% This is a plant that we sell. 16:14.100 --> 16:15.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% It is actually a plant that I 16:15.466 --> 16:16.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% really like. 16:16.766 --> 16:18.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% It's called a mountain mint, 16:18.166 --> 16:19.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% Pycnanthemum. 16:19.766 --> 16:21.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% It's actually a native prairie 16:21.000 --> 16:22.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% plant. 16:22.233 --> 16:23.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% But you see what it's doing. 16:23.633 --> 16:25.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% It's trying to leap out of the 16:25.200 --> 16:26.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% pot, and you can see that's how 16:26.633 --> 16:27.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% it's going to grow. 16:27.966 --> 16:29.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% Many members of the mint family 16:29.133 --> 16:30.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:42.5% do grow this way. 16:30.633 --> 16:32.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% So it's a fine plant, but you 16:32.166 --> 16:33.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% need to have an awareness going 16:33.933 --> 16:35.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% in of what the behavior of that 16:35.533 --> 16:37.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% plant is going to be and do you 16:37.233 --> 16:40.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% want that in that site. 16:40.533 --> 16:42.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% There are two kinds of plants 16:42.566 --> 16:44.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% that can be invasive. 16:44.066 --> 16:45.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% One are plants that run from the 16:45.366 --> 16:46.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% roots like this, and the other 16:46.633 --> 16:49.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% are plants that seed. 16:49.733 --> 16:51.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And I actually find the plants 16:51.133 --> 16:52.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% that seed a little easier to 16:52.300 --> 16:53.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% deal with because if you get in 16:53.400 --> 16:54.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% there and you dead-head them, 16:54.800 --> 16:56.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% you don't have so much of that 16:56.033 --> 16:57.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% issue. 16:57.100 --> 16:58.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% Plus, you can pull out the 16:58.466 --> 16:59.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% seedlings. 16:59.500 --> 17:00.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% These ones that run can really 17:00.600 --> 17:01.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% be terrible because they get 17:01.766 --> 17:03.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% into your other perennials and 17:03.933 --> 17:05.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% they're coming up 20 feet away 17:05.500 --> 17:07.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% and I have a little more of a 17:07.766 --> 17:09.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% problem with those. 17:09.100 --> 17:10.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% But just as with the plant 17:10.533 --> 17:12.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% exchanges, be a little bit 17:12.133 --> 17:14.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% cautious about generous 17:14.100 --> 17:15.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% neighbors who are sharing things 17:15.600 --> 17:18.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% with you because oftentimes it's 17:18.166 --> 17:19.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% the plants that they have way 17:19.433 --> 17:21.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% too much of. 17:21.033 --> 17:22.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And when you go to the nursery, 17:22.466 --> 17:24.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% try to shop at nurseries that 17:24.100 --> 17:26.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% have knowledgeable staff that 17:26.166 --> 17:27.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% can help you with your plant 17:27.300 --> 17:28.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% selection. 17:28.400 --> 17:30.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And there's lots of wonderful 17:30.066 --> 17:31.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% nurseries represented here at 17:31.700 --> 17:32.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% the Garden Expo so it's a great 17:32.966 --> 17:35.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% starting point. 17:35.000 --> 17:36.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% Another mistake: buying all of 17:36.466 --> 17:38.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% your plants at once and not 17:38.200 --> 17:39.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% remembering about the change of 17:39.800 --> 17:40.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% seasons. 17:40.966 --> 17:42.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% And I see this a lot. 17:42.066 --> 17:43.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% People come in, they decide 17:43.200 --> 17:44.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% they're going to put in a 17:44.333 --> 17:45.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% perennial garden so they come in 17:45.333 --> 17:46.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% in May, and they buy all the 17:46.466 --> 17:47.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% really pretty plants in May. 17:47.900 --> 17:48.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% Well, what are you going to 17:48.933 --> 17:49.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% pick? 17:49.933 --> 17:51.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% You're going to pick all the 17:51.000 --> 17:52.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% plants that are blooming in May. 17:52.066 --> 17:53.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% So you're going to have a really 17:53.200 --> 17:54.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% nice garden in May, you might 17:54.400 --> 17:55.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% have a nice garden going into 17:55.466 --> 17:56.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% June, but there's absolutely 17:56.733 --> 17:58.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% nothing going on in July, 17:58.100 --> 17:59.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% August, September, October. 17:59.733 --> 18:04.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% Most perennials, in exchange for 18:04.000 --> 18:05.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% them living year to year, bloom 18:05.533 --> 18:08.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% for two to three weeks. 18:08.266 --> 18:09.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% Some of them will bloom as long 18:09.800 --> 18:10.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% as six weeks. 18:10.933 --> 18:12.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% Those are the really long 18:12.033 --> 18:13.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% blooming ones. 18:13.266 --> 18:14.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% So you really have to make sure 18:14.866 --> 18:16.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% you're selecting plants that are 18:16.533 --> 18:18.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% going to be blooming over the 18:18.200 --> 18:21.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% course of the entire season. 18:21.900 --> 18:23.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And here's just looking at the 18:23.433 --> 18:25.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% same garden in different seasons 18:25.100 --> 18:27.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% to see how things change over 18:27.066 --> 18:28.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% the course of the season. 18:28.266 --> 18:29.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% You want something going on 18:29.866 --> 18:31.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% throughout the season. 18:31.300 --> 18:32.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% So, how do you get away from 18:32.900 --> 18:33.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% that mistake? 18:33.933 --> 18:35.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% Number one, give yourself a few 18:35.066 --> 18:38.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% years to build your garden. 18:38.166 --> 18:39.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% You don't have to plant it all 18:39.400 --> 18:40.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:40% that first year. 18:40.800 --> 18:42.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% That way you can experiment with 18:42.133 --> 18:43.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:17.5% plants. 18:43.300 --> 18:44.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% You can buy one or two of this. 18:44.933 --> 18:47.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And ideally they say, well, you 18:47.633 --> 18:49.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% want to have sweeps of plants. 18:49.066 --> 18:50.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% You want to have three or five. 18:50.400 --> 18:53.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% That's fine and ultimately 18:53.466 --> 18:54.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% that's true, but I think when 18:54.900 --> 18:56.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% you're really starting out it's 18:56.500 --> 18:57.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% not a bad idea to buy one of 18:57.933 --> 18:59.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% these, one of these. 18:59.100 --> 19:02.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% Put them in, see how they grow 19:02.333 --> 19:04.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% in your area, see how you like 19:04.566 --> 19:06.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% them, and see how they thrive 19:06.200 --> 19:07.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% and if you want to add to them. 19:07.666 --> 19:09.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% So do give yourself a number of 19:09.666 --> 19:11.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% years. 19:11.166 --> 19:12.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% Allow yourself to fill in the 19:12.833 --> 19:14.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% empty spaces with annuals those 19:14.166 --> 19:15.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% first years. 19:15.500 --> 19:17.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% Sometimes people, and I'm going 19:17.000 --> 19:18.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% to talk about this too, they're 19:18.066 --> 19:19.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% very purist. 19:19.166 --> 19:20.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% No, we only want perennials; we 19:20.300 --> 19:21.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% don't want any annuals. 19:21.333 --> 19:22.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% Well, some annuals really are 19:22.833 --> 19:24.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% very flamboyant, and they 19:24.566 --> 19:28.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% necessarily partner better with 19:28.366 --> 19:29.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% some of the more subtle beauty 19:29.933 --> 19:31.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% of perennials. 19:31.233 --> 19:32.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% But there are a lot of really 19:32.666 --> 19:35.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% nice more sort of understated 19:35.833 --> 19:37.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% annuals that will combine nicely 19:37.500 --> 19:39.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% with your perennial garden. 19:39.000 --> 19:40.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% So think about filling in your 19:40.533 --> 19:41.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% spaces those first few years 19:41.833 --> 19:43.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% with those annuals. 19:43.966 --> 19:45.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% Shop throughout the year. 19:45.200 --> 19:47.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% So go to the nursery in May, but 19:47.633 --> 19:48.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:42.5% go again in June. 19:48.833 --> 19:50.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:42.5% Go again in July. 19:50.000 --> 19:51.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% Go once a month, once every six 19:51.633 --> 19:53.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% weeks, and buy a couple of 19:53.533 --> 19:55.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% plants that are blooming during 19:55.433 --> 19:57.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% each visit so that you know 19:57.233 --> 19:59.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% you're going to have something 19:59.166 --> 20:01.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% blooming every month of the year 20:01.066 --> 20:03.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% in your garden. 20:03.100 --> 20:04.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% This will only work if you go to 20:04.433 --> 20:06.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% a nursery that's actually, like 20:06.633 --> 20:08.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% Monches or any other higher 20:08.266 --> 20:11.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% quality perennial nursery, where 20:11.666 --> 20:14.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% they're actually kind of growing 20:14.666 --> 20:16.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% the plants in situ and you're 20:16.000 --> 20:17.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% being able to see how they 20:17.033 --> 20:18.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:17.5% behave. 20:18.166 --> 20:19.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% If you go to the Kmart, you 20:19.166 --> 20:20.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% don't know. 20:20.800 --> 20:21.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% They brought that stuff in. 20:21.966 --> 20:23.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% You don't know if it's actually 20:23.100 --> 20:24.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% blooming on its regular 20:24.366 --> 20:27.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% schedule, etc. 20:27.100 --> 20:28.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% And, excellent, go to garden 20:28.400 --> 20:29.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% tours and botanic gardens. 20:29.866 --> 20:31.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% Botanic gardens are great 20:31.400 --> 20:32.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% because they have a lot of 20:32.833 --> 20:33.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% signage with a lot of 20:33.966 --> 20:35.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% information. 20:35.566 --> 20:36.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% But garden tours are possibly 20:36.833 --> 20:38.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% the best because you're, at a 20:38.866 --> 20:40.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% botanic gardens they have paid 20:40.200 --> 20:41.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% staff that are out there taking 20:41.500 --> 20:42.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% care of the plants. 20:42.600 --> 20:43.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% They're obviously going to look 20:43.666 --> 20:44.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% their best. 20:44.733 --> 20:46.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% When you go to another home 20:46.066 --> 20:47.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% gardener on a garden tour, 20:47.333 --> 20:48.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% you're seeing what's actually 20:48.566 --> 20:50.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% growing in a home gardener's 20:50.833 --> 20:52.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% backyard in your area, and 20:52.800 --> 20:54.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% what's looking good. 20:54.000 --> 20:55.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% You can talk to the person about 20:55.166 --> 20:56.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:42.5% their experience. 20:56.533 --> 20:58.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% Garden tours are really 20:58.266 --> 20:59.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% fantastic. 20:59.533 --> 21:02.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And we do publish a list every 21:02.666 --> 21:04.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% summer of garden tours in the 21:04.033 --> 21:08.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% Milwaukee area on our website. 21:08.733 --> 21:10.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% And include bulbs. 21:10.266 --> 21:12.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% Bulbs are a great way to extend 21:12.433 --> 21:15.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% the season to the extremes in 21:15.166 --> 21:17.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:40% both directions. 21:17.900 --> 21:20.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% Starting as early as March with 21:20.400 --> 21:22.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% things like the snowdrops. 21:22.366 --> 21:25.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And this is called glory of the 21:25.266 --> 21:26.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% snow. 21:26.833 --> 21:28.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% This also oftentimes comes right 21:28.133 --> 21:29.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% up through the snow in March and 21:29.533 --> 21:31.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% April. 21:31.633 --> 21:32.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% A couple of scenes we're going 21:32.833 --> 21:34.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% to look at here where you think 21:34.366 --> 21:36.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% what would you be looking at in 21:36.300 --> 21:38.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% that garden if those bulbs 21:38.600 --> 21:39.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% weren't there. 21:39.633 --> 21:41.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% And the answer is nothing. 21:41.366 --> 21:42.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% It would just be brown earth. 21:42.933 --> 21:45.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% So here are the winter aconites 21:45.366 --> 21:46.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% and the Puschkinia. 21:46.866 --> 21:49.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% This is probably early April. 21:49.900 --> 21:52.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And this whole area that you see 21:52.366 --> 21:54.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% there, that's all Corydalis 21:54.200 --> 21:56.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% bulbosa. 21:56.433 --> 21:57.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% It's a bulbous type of 21:57.600 --> 21:58.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% Corydalis. 21:58.800 --> 21:59.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% Many of you may be familiar with 21:59.866 --> 22:00.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% the yellow blooming one. 22:00.933 --> 22:02.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% This one has a lavender flower. 22:02.000 --> 22:03.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% Most of these bulbs then go very 22:03.800 --> 22:05.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:40% quickly dormant. 22:05.233 --> 22:06.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% So they're completely gone by 22:06.400 --> 22:07.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% the time your perennials come 22:07.466 --> 22:08.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:7.5% up. 22:08.600 --> 22:09.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% So they just give you a whole 22:09.866 --> 22:11.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% other season of color. 22:11.900 --> 22:13.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% Another advantage to these 22:13.333 --> 22:15.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% really early season bulbs is 22:15.966 --> 22:18.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% that this area, the leaves 22:18.766 --> 22:20.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% aren't out on the trees yet. 22:20.233 --> 22:22.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% So this area will be a shaded 22:22.766 --> 22:24.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% area during the growing season, 22:24.400 --> 22:25.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% but it's sun in the spring. 22:25.933 --> 22:27.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% So you can get a lot of color 22:27.600 --> 22:30.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% very, very early in the season 22:30.466 --> 22:32.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% in what you might think of as 22:32.200 --> 22:33.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% your shade garden where you're 22:33.333 --> 22:34.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% not thinking you can get a lot 22:34.466 --> 22:36.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% of color because it's sun at the 22:36.133 --> 22:37.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% time of year when these plants 22:37.233 --> 22:38.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% are actively growing. 22:38.966 --> 22:40.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And again, just think of that 22:40.066 --> 22:41.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% scene if you didn't have that 22:41.400 --> 22:42.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% bulb there. 22:42.433 --> 22:45.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% It would just be brown earth. 22:45.266 --> 22:46.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% Crocuses, of course, we're all 22:46.866 --> 22:48.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% familiar with. 22:48.733 --> 22:50.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% Now, going to the other end of 22:50.500 --> 22:52.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% the season. 22:52.000 --> 22:54.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% This is surprise lily. 22:54.266 --> 22:56.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% It has a number of interesting 22:56.466 --> 22:58.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% common names. 22:58.166 --> 23:00.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% Surprise lily, resurrection 23:00.066 --> 23:02.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% lily, naked ladies. 23:02.266 --> 23:04.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% What it does is it comes up in 23:04.500 --> 23:06.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% the spring with green strap-like 23:06.200 --> 23:07.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% foliage, which many people don't 23:07.666 --> 23:08.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% even notice. 23:08.900 --> 23:10.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% They don't even know the plant 23:10.200 --> 23:11.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% has leaves because it's at a 23:11.500 --> 23:12.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% time there's a lot of other 23:12.800 --> 23:14.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% things going on in the garden. 23:14.100 --> 23:15.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% And then in the fall, late 23:15.533 --> 23:17.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% summer, early fall, it has these 23:17.100 --> 23:18.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% tall stems that come up with 23:18.933 --> 23:21.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% these amaryllis type flowers. 23:21.400 --> 23:24.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% And just as with the early 23:24.200 --> 23:26.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% season bulbs, this will grow in 23:26.533 --> 23:28.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% quite a bit of shade. 23:28.166 --> 23:29.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% And it's just really a fun 23:29.533 --> 23:31.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% plant. 23:31.766 --> 23:32.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And it's nice to have, sometimes 23:32.833 --> 23:34.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% the gardens are starting to look 23:34.500 --> 23:35.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% a little tired as you get later 23:35.433 --> 23:37.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% in the season. 23:37.000 --> 23:38.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% It's nice to have something 23:38.666 --> 23:40.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% fresh and new coming up that 23:40.066 --> 23:41.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% late in the season. 23:41.333 --> 23:42.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% This would be August into 23:42.633 --> 23:44.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% September. 23:44.100 --> 23:45.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And it partners, because it will 23:45.633 --> 23:47.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% grow in the shade, it partners 23:47.200 --> 23:49.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% real well with hostas, and if 23:49.200 --> 23:51.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% you interplant it with hostas, 23:51.300 --> 23:52.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% it will come up through the 23:52.833 --> 23:54.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% hosta foliage, and we do have a 23:54.733 --> 23:56.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% beautiful big hosta at the farm 23:56.766 --> 23:58.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% with one of these planted 23:58.166 --> 23:59.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% underneath it. 23:59.300 --> 24:00.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And people are always asking us 24:00.366 --> 24:01.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% in the autumn what that variety 24:01.833 --> 24:03.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% of hosta is. 24:03.533 --> 24:06.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% [LAUGHTER] 24:06.633 --> 24:08.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And another one that's really, 24:08.766 --> 24:09.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% really late, this is well into 24:09.800 --> 24:12.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% October, is the Colchicum. 24:12.666 --> 24:14.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% It's often called autumn crocus, 24:14.766 --> 24:16.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% but it's not in fact a true 24:16.166 --> 24:17.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:17.5% crocus. 24:17.633 --> 24:19.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% Again, it comes up with the 24:19.866 --> 24:21.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% green leaves in the spring, and 24:21.333 --> 24:22.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% then those die down. 24:22.833 --> 24:24.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% There's nothing there in the 24:24.533 --> 24:26.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% summer so you might want to mark 24:26.033 --> 24:27.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% this and make sure you're not 24:27.566 --> 24:29.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% putting your spade through it. 24:29.233 --> 24:31.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% But this plant just has these 24:31.633 --> 24:34.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% beautiful, and they're large. 24:34.200 --> 24:36.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% The flowers are about this big. 24:36.000 --> 24:37.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% So they look like a crocus, but 24:37.300 --> 24:38.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% they're quite large. 24:38.733 --> 24:40.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And they're really spectacular 24:40.266 --> 24:41.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% at that time of year when 24:41.600 --> 24:43.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% everything else is kind of 24:43.100 --> 24:44.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% slowing down and getting ready 24:44.666 --> 24:46.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% to quit and this is coming up 24:46.200 --> 24:47.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% fresh and new. 24:47.833 --> 24:49.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% A couple years ago I had a gal 24:49.300 --> 24:51.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% come in and she said, you know, 24:51.166 --> 24:52.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% I'm really disappointed in you 24:52.133 --> 24:53.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% guys. 24:53.233 --> 24:54.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% I can't believe that you have 24:54.333 --> 24:55.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% artificial flowers out in the 24:55.233 --> 24:56.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:17.5% garden. 24:56.333 --> 24:58.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% [LAUGHTER] 24:58.833 --> 25:00.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And this is a double blooming 25:00.200 --> 25:05.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% form called waterlily. 25:05.633 --> 25:07.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% A mistake: not checking the 25:07.100 --> 25:08.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:40% hardiness zones. 25:08.900 --> 25:11.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% The USDA plant hardiness zone. 25:11.400 --> 25:13.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% Each plant is given a rating in 25:13.600 --> 25:16.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% what zones it's hardy in. 25:16.433 --> 25:18.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% Basically, we in this area are, 25:18.500 --> 25:20.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% in Madison you're probably four 25:20.433 --> 25:23.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% and in Milwaukee we're five. 25:23.100 --> 25:24.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% So you want to know is that 25:24.800 --> 25:26.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% plant hardy to that zone. 25:26.600 --> 25:29.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% We write all of our own signage 25:29.266 --> 25:30.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% at the farm, and we do try to 25:30.966 --> 25:33.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% indicate the hardiness, but some 25:33.000 --> 25:34.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% plants, and we grow most of our 25:34.666 --> 25:36.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% plants, but some plants we do 25:36.500 --> 25:38.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% buy because we can't get these 25:38.033 --> 25:41.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% great, big tropical plants. 25:41.433 --> 25:43.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% We can't grow those to maturity 25:43.166 --> 25:45.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% in a financially realistic way 25:45.033 --> 25:46.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% in our climate. 25:46.466 --> 25:47.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% So we buy in a lot of these 25:47.800 --> 25:50.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% tropicals from the west coast. 25:50.166 --> 25:52.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And they come in with tags in 25:52.533 --> 25:54.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% the pot. 25:54.100 --> 25:55.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% They're oftentimes a picture 25:55.600 --> 25:57.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% tag, so we'll leave that tag in 25:57.000 --> 25:58.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% there. 25:58.400 --> 26:01.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And the customers will read it 26:01.366 --> 26:03.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% and it will say perennial on it 26:03.766 --> 26:05.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% because it is perennial in 26:05.866 --> 26:08.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% California where it was grown. 26:08.533 --> 26:11.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% But if you look closely, those 26:11.766 --> 26:14.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% tags will also, they always will 26:14.133 --> 26:15.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% have the zone on them. 26:15.733 --> 26:17.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And it will say perennial zone 26:17.333 --> 26:18.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% eight. 26:18.800 --> 26:20.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% Well, then you know it's not 26:20.266 --> 26:21.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% going to be perennial here. 26:21.466 --> 26:22.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% But that's a really common 26:22.900 --> 26:24.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% mistake people make, especially 26:24.366 --> 26:25.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% when you're shopping at the big 26:25.766 --> 26:27.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% box stores. 26:27.266 --> 26:28.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% You see the tag, it says 26:28.700 --> 26:30.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% perennial, and so you think it's 26:30.033 --> 26:31.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% a perennial. 26:31.300 --> 26:32.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% Well, it is, but it's not 26:32.533 --> 26:33.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% perennial in Wisconsin in zone 26:33.833 --> 26:36.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% four or five. 26:36.833 --> 26:38.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% Mistake: weeding out perennial 26:38.500 --> 26:40.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% plants and nurturing weeds. 26:40.266 --> 26:42.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% With perennials it can be 26:42.933 --> 26:44.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% challenging because they're not 26:44.500 --> 26:46.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% blooming all the time like an 26:46.766 --> 26:48.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:17.5% annual. 26:48.133 --> 26:49.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% You do have to kind of learn 26:49.700 --> 26:51.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% what they look like and know 26:51.133 --> 26:52.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% that's a desirable plant. 26:52.466 --> 26:54.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% That's another advantage of 26:54.133 --> 26:55.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% building your garden a little 26:55.566 --> 26:56.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% bit slowly rather than putting 26:56.900 --> 26:58.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% everything in all at once. 26:58.233 --> 26:59.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% If you take your time, you put a 26:59.866 --> 27:01.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% little bit of this and a little 27:01.200 --> 27:02.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% bit of that, you kind of get to 27:02.500 --> 27:04.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% know those plants as you grow 27:04.233 --> 27:05.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% with them. 27:05.800 --> 27:08.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% But there are other ways you can 27:08.033 --> 27:09.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% deal with this. 27:09.600 --> 27:11.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% A really good solution is 27:11.333 --> 27:13.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:40% labeling plants. 27:13.100 --> 27:14.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% Labeling your perennials as you 27:14.500 --> 27:15.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% put them in. 27:15.800 --> 27:17.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% If you're planting a number of 27:17.100 --> 27:18.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% them, label at least one so that 27:18.266 --> 27:19.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% you know that plant that looks 27:19.733 --> 27:21.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% like that is supposed to be 27:21.166 --> 27:22.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% there. 27:22.533 --> 27:23.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And there's a number of ways to 27:23.866 --> 27:25.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% label plants. 27:25.133 --> 27:26.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% You can just put the little 27:26.333 --> 27:27.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% plastic tag that came with them 27:27.600 --> 27:28.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% in their pot in the ground next 27:28.766 --> 27:29.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% to them. 27:29.900 --> 27:31.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% That will work, certainly for 27:31.133 --> 27:32.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:42.5% the first season. 27:32.200 --> 27:33.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% But we really like these zinc 27:33.466 --> 27:34.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% garden labels. 27:34.933 --> 27:36.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And there's a number of ways to 27:36.166 --> 27:38.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:22.5% use them. 27:38.400 --> 27:39.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% What I like best are these 27:39.833 --> 27:41.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% little handheld label makers. 27:41.500 --> 27:43.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% They're basically like a 27:43.666 --> 27:45.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% miniature laser printer. 27:45.466 --> 27:47.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And if you get the clear label 27:47.700 --> 27:50.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% with black on them and then they 27:50.400 --> 27:52.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% have an adhesive on the back, 27:52.366 --> 27:54.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% you'll get a label that looks 27:54.033 --> 27:55.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% like this here. 27:55.700 --> 27:57.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% It's a really professional 27:57.366 --> 27:58.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% looking label, and many of them, 27:58.866 --> 28:00.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% these can last up to a decade. 28:00.233 --> 28:01.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% They really last forever. 28:01.900 --> 28:03.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% If you have a laser printer at 28:03.300 --> 28:04.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% home, you can print these on 28:04.733 --> 28:06.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% your computer. 28:06.233 --> 28:07.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% But most of us have inkjet 28:07.366 --> 28:08.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:22.5% printers. 28:08.666 --> 28:10.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% If you have an inkjet printer, 28:10.133 --> 28:11.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% as soon as it gets wet that will 28:11.333 --> 28:13.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% run off. 28:13.033 --> 28:15.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% You can also write on these zinc 28:15.233 --> 28:17.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% tags with any type of permanent 28:17.333 --> 28:18.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% marker, whether it be a Sharpie 28:18.933 --> 28:20.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% or a paint pen. 28:20.833 --> 28:23.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% They have permanent pencils. 28:23.533 --> 28:26.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% But no matter what you use to 28:26.166 --> 28:28.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% write on them, they always fade 28:28.733 --> 28:30.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% on the front. 28:30.533 --> 28:32.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% So what we do if we're going to 28:32.133 --> 28:34.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% have to write on them, we write 28:34.100 --> 28:36.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% on the back too so that once 28:36.100 --> 28:37.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% that front fades, you've still 28:37.866 --> 28:39.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% got it written on the back, you 28:39.433 --> 28:40.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% know what it is, you can rewrite 28:40.666 --> 28:43.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% it on the front again. 28:43.433 --> 28:47.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And then you may want to know 28:47.100 --> 28:49.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% what the five or six most 28:49.300 --> 28:51.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% problematic weeds in your area 28:51.200 --> 28:52.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:10% are. 28:52.866 --> 28:55.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% I could have a whole talk on 28:55.466 --> 28:57.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% Wisconsin weeds, but the only 28:57.900 --> 28:59.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% one I'm going to specifically 28:59.400 --> 29:01.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% talk about is the garlic 29:01.166 --> 29:03.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% mustard. 29:03.433 --> 29:05.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% The garlic mustard is a biennial 29:05.633 --> 29:07.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% plant, meaning that the first, 29:07.466 --> 29:09.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% it lives for two years, the 29:09.100 --> 29:10.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% first year it puts up its 29:10.700 --> 29:12.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% foliage, does not bloom. 29:12.633 --> 29:13.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% The second year it comes up, 29:13.866 --> 29:15.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% then it blooms, sets seed, and 29:15.433 --> 29:17.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% the cycle starts over again. 29:17.566 --> 29:19.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% It's a very, very problematic 29:19.900 --> 29:21.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% plant in Wisconsin and 29:21.633 --> 29:23.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% throughout the Midwest. 29:23.366 --> 29:25.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% It's completely wiping out some 29:25.066 --> 29:26.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% of our native woodland 29:26.700 --> 29:28.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:42.5% vegetation areas. 29:28.333 --> 29:30.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% So if you have it on your 29:30.133 --> 29:32.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% property, you do need to make an 29:32.000 --> 29:33.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% effort to get rid of it. 29:33.900 --> 29:35.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% When it's in the vegetative 29:35.533 --> 29:37.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% state the first year, you can 29:37.200 --> 29:40.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% apply herbicide to it. 29:40.200 --> 29:41.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% Although it does require 29:41.800 --> 29:43.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% frequent applications. 29:43.566 --> 29:45.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% A single application won't kill 29:45.033 --> 29:46.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:7.5% it. 29:46.766 --> 29:48.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% Or you can pull it. 29:48.500 --> 29:51.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% When it's in the blooming year, 29:51.233 --> 29:53.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% when it's in the second year, 29:53.000 --> 29:56.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% you need to pull it and you 29:56.300 --> 29:58.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% can't, even if you pull it real 29:58.533 --> 30:00.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% early before the flowers have 30:00.266 --> 30:02.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% all set, it's very adaptable. 30:02.400 --> 30:03.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% That's usually how weeds become 30:03.766 --> 30:05.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% weeds. 30:05.333 --> 30:06.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% They're very adaptable. 30:06.866 --> 30:08.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% It can set seed, if you pull 30:08.400 --> 30:10.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% that plant and through it aside 30:10.100 --> 30:11.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% to dry, it looks like it's dead, 30:11.700 --> 30:14.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% it still can set viable seed. 30:14.066 --> 30:16.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% So you need to bag and remove 30:16.000 --> 30:17.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% these plants. 30:17.833 --> 30:20.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% Either burn them or bag them and 30:20.766 --> 30:22.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% get them off the property. 30:22.266 --> 30:24.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% The garbage men will take them. 30:24.000 --> 30:25.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% You do need to label them 30:25.500 --> 30:27.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% invasive plant material, and 30:27.333 --> 30:28.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% they'll take your black bags of 30:28.866 --> 30:30.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% these. 30:30.333 --> 30:31.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% So don't pull it and throw it on 30:31.900 --> 30:33.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% the ground the way you can with 30:33.300 --> 30:35.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% most weeds. 30:35.000 --> 30:38.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% It was introduced intentionally, 30:38.333 --> 30:40.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% as many weeds and exotic animals 30:40.533 --> 30:42.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% that become problematic are, 30:42.200 --> 30:44.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% because it's an herb. 30:44.966 --> 30:47.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% It has a garlic flavor to it. 30:47.200 --> 30:48.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% You can eat it. 30:48.866 --> 30:50.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% It's actually quite tasty. 30:50.600 --> 30:52.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% So if you want to harvest it in 30:52.433 --> 30:54.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% its first year stage when the 30:54.500 --> 30:56.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% leaves are young, just as you 30:56.900 --> 30:58.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% would want to harvest most 30:58.366 --> 31:00.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% edible plants, in an area on 31:00.566 --> 31:02.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% your property that you know has 31:02.566 --> 31:03.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% not been sprayed with 31:03.533 --> 31:05.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% herbicides, you can make a great 31:05.133 --> 31:06.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:40% pesto out of it. 31:06.600 --> 31:07.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% And we have a recipe on our 31:07.833 --> 31:09.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% website, again on the 31:09.100 --> 31:11.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% This and That page. 31:11.000 --> 31:13.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% Then if you want to have an idea 31:13.500 --> 31:14.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% what some of the other really 31:14.966 --> 31:16.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% common weeds are, there's lots 31:16.766 --> 31:18.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% of great websites out there. 31:18.633 --> 31:20.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% I just did a quick search and 31:20.233 --> 31:21.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% this is one that I found that I 31:21.666 --> 31:23.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% thought was very well done for 31:23.166 --> 31:25.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% identifying weeds. 31:25.333 --> 31:27.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% It's the National Gardening 31:27.466 --> 31:28.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% Association. 31:28.966 --> 31:30.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% Again, all this information is 31:30.766 --> 31:32.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% on the handout. 31:32.566 --> 31:34.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:42.5% >> Which handout? 31:34.500 --> 31:35.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% >> The handout that you can find 31:35.700 --> 31:38.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% on our website. 31:38.800 --> 31:40.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% And mistake: not considering 31:40.166 --> 31:42.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:40% native wildlife. 31:42.200 --> 31:44.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% We have, I imagine you have it 31:44.833 --> 31:46.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% here, certainly in the Milwaukee 31:46.600 --> 31:48.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% area, a tremendous problem with 31:48.733 --> 31:50.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% deer. 31:50.566 --> 31:52.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And rabbits vary from year to 31:52.633 --> 31:54.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% year. 31:54.200 --> 31:56.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% Their population really is very 31:56.900 --> 31:58.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:17.5% cyclic. 31:58.100 --> 31:59.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% Down in the bottom is some 31:59.100 --> 32:00.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:17.5% tulips. 32:00.666 --> 32:04.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% We don't do tulips at all 32:04.000 --> 32:07.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% anymore because they're such a 32:07.033 --> 32:08.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% good plant. 32:08.533 --> 32:10.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% They're really, really tasty. 32:10.366 --> 32:12.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% And we've even had customers 32:12.266 --> 32:13.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% that have had their dogs dig up 32:13.633 --> 32:15.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% their tulip bulbs and eat them 32:15.300 --> 32:16.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% because they really are good. 32:16.733 --> 32:19.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% [LAUGHTER] 32:19.666 --> 32:21.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% The solution is planting deer 32:21.833 --> 32:23.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% and rabbit resistant plants. 32:23.633 --> 32:25.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And you'll find a list, again on 32:25.200 --> 32:26.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% our website, on the this and 32:26.800 --> 32:28.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% that page, but as a basic rule 32:28.433 --> 32:30.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% of thumb, the plants that the 32:30.200 --> 32:31.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% deer and rabbits don't like to 32:31.966 --> 32:34.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% eat are plants with silver 32:34.800 --> 32:37.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% foliage, plants that are very 32:37.266 --> 32:39.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% highly scented, so most herbs or 32:39.466 --> 32:41.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% members of the mint family they 32:41.933 --> 32:43.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% will not like to eat. 32:43.766 --> 32:45.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% As a general rule, they don't 32:45.633 --> 32:47.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% eat Allium, the ornamental 32:47.266 --> 32:49.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% onions, although we have had 32:49.100 --> 32:50.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% years when they have done that, 32:50.866 --> 32:52.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% and plants that are toxic. 32:52.600 --> 32:53.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% And those are the ones you 32:53.966 --> 32:55.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% probably wouldn't know off the 32:55.466 --> 32:56.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% top of your head so it's handy 32:56.866 --> 32:58.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% to have a list of those things 32:58.266 --> 33:00.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% like the Digitalis or foxglove, 33:00.033 --> 33:02.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% the Helleborus, the lenten rose, 33:02.566 --> 33:05.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% the Aconitum are plants that are 33:05.033 --> 33:06.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% actually toxic, and the animals 33:06.766 --> 33:08.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% know that and they don't eat 33:08.266 --> 33:09.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% them. 33:09.766 --> 33:11.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% If there are certain plants you 33:11.566 --> 33:13.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% love and you want to grow 33:13.166 --> 33:14.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% despite the fact that you know 33:14.933 --> 33:17.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% that deer like to eat them, then 33:17.100 --> 33:19.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% you might want to consider 33:19.666 --> 33:21.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% spraying repellents. 33:21.733 --> 33:25.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% Most repellents that are on the 33:25.266 --> 33:27.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% market are effective, but they 33:27.633 --> 33:29.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% have to be reapplied frequently. 33:29.700 --> 33:31.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% Most of them tend to be rather 33:31.966 --> 33:34.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% on the expensive side, and the 33:34.100 --> 33:37.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% active ingredient, if you will, 33:37.266 --> 33:39.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% in most of them is egg. 33:39.366 --> 33:43.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% So you can actually make a very 33:43.100 --> 33:44.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% effective deer repellent 33:44.666 --> 33:46.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% yourself for free. 33:46.466 --> 33:48.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And this recipe, again, is on 33:48.000 --> 33:49.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% the handout. 33:49.733 --> 33:55.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% But it's just eggs, milk, oil, 33:55.000 --> 33:57.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% and used hot chili oil just as 33:57.200 --> 34:00.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% that extra taste deterrent, and 34:00.266 --> 34:02.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% dishwashing liquid which makes 34:02.100 --> 34:04.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% it stick to the foliage. 34:04.200 --> 34:06.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% You have to let that ferment. 34:06.633 --> 34:08.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% What I do is I save the empty 34:08.266 --> 34:09.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% milk carton with just that 34:09.966 --> 34:11.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% little bit of milk in the 34:11.400 --> 34:12.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% bottom, add the rest of the 34:12.633 --> 34:14.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% ingredients, and just fill it up 34:14.166 --> 34:17.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% with water, set it some place to 34:17.033 --> 34:18.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% become fragrant for a week or 34:18.666 --> 34:20.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% so, and then I screen it through 34:20.400 --> 34:22.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% a little sieve and then I put a 34:22.800 --> 34:24.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% nylon stocking or something on 34:24.866 --> 34:26.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% the sieve and pour that into my 34:26.733 --> 34:28.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% sprayer so you don't get any 34:28.700 --> 34:30.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% lumps that are going to clog up 34:30.400 --> 34:32.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% your sprayer. 34:32.200 --> 34:33.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% It smells really terrible, but 34:33.933 --> 34:35.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:40% that's the idea. 34:35.466 --> 34:37.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And it's very effective, and it 34:37.900 --> 34:40.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% usually lasts a couple of weeks. 34:40.400 --> 34:42.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% It does last through rain. 34:42.433 --> 34:46.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% Deer are deterred mostly by 34:46.033 --> 34:48.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% scent, rabbits more by taste. 34:48.866 --> 34:50.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% So it's the hot pepper element 34:50.800 --> 34:52.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% that is effective for the 34:52.600 --> 34:54.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% rabbits. 34:54.033 --> 34:55.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% So if it's rabbits you're trying 34:55.600 --> 34:57.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% to get rid of or trying to 34:57.100 --> 34:58.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% discourage, then you want to 34:58.366 --> 34:59.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% make sure and include that hot 34:59.800 --> 35:02.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% pepper element. 35:02.200 --> 35:04.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% Mistake: being too much of a 35:04.200 --> 35:05.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:17.5% purist. 35:05.866 --> 35:07.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% I kind of touched on this before 35:07.400 --> 35:09.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% with I only want to do 35:09.000 --> 35:10.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% perennials, I don't want to have 35:10.300 --> 35:12.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% any annuals. 35:12.000 --> 35:14.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% A lot of times people will come 35:14.133 --> 35:16.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% in starting out, they only want 35:16.000 --> 35:17.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% pastel flowers. 35:17.800 --> 35:19.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% That's very, very common with 35:19.366 --> 35:20.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% beginner gardeners. 35:20.800 --> 35:22.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% They don't want any yellow, any 35:22.033 --> 35:23.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:17.5% orange. 35:23.833 --> 35:25.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% And a lot of the longest 35:25.600 --> 35:27.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% blooming plants, actually a lot 35:27.266 --> 35:28.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% of the longest blooming 35:28.566 --> 35:30.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% perennials do have yellow 35:30.066 --> 35:31.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% flowers. 35:31.566 --> 35:32.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And when I start, I was a huge 35:32.966 --> 35:34.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% daylily collector for many, many 35:34.600 --> 35:36.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% years. 35:36.033 --> 35:37.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% And at one point I had about 35:37.500 --> 35:38.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% 400 varieties of daylilies in my 35:38.500 --> 35:39.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% garden, and I wanted all the 35:39.666 --> 35:40.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% pastels. 35:40.633 --> 35:41.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% That's what I wanted. 35:41.533 --> 35:42.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% I wanted cream and pink and 35:42.866 --> 35:46.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% lemon, and somebody gave me as a 35:46.100 --> 35:50.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% gift an orange daylily. 35:50.166 --> 35:52.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And I thought, oh, but I put it 35:52.566 --> 35:54.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% in my garden and I found I kept 35:54.033 --> 35:56.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% looking at that place where that 35:56.433 --> 35:57.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% orange daylily was. 35:57.766 --> 35:59.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% That's where my eye was drawn. 35:59.533 --> 36:01.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And then I shifted, and now I 36:01.233 --> 36:02.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% have a lot of those really 36:02.900 --> 36:04.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% vibrant colors because they 36:04.100 --> 36:06.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% really add a lot of zing to the 36:06.633 --> 36:07.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:17.5% garden. 36:07.966 --> 36:08.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% If you just have a garden that's 36:08.900 --> 36:11.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% all pastels, it's not exciting. 36:11.200 --> 36:13.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% It's not fun. 36:13.166 --> 36:16.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% And also, all white. 36:16.066 --> 36:17.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% So many have all white. 36:17.533 --> 36:18.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% They can't have anything that's 36:18.400 --> 36:19.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% not white. 36:19.466 --> 36:20.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% So be creative. 36:20.600 --> 36:21.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% Let yourself experiment and try 36:21.766 --> 36:24.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% some other things. 36:24.000 --> 36:26.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% Don't lock yourself in to what 36:26.400 --> 36:27.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% your original idea may have 36:27.933 --> 36:29.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% been. 36:29.733 --> 36:30.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% Mistake: needing to have the 36:30.966 --> 36:32.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% latest new thing and believing 36:32.266 --> 36:34.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% everything you read. 36:34.133 --> 36:38.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% [LAUGHTER] 36:38.100 --> 36:41.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% Horticulture, marketing of 36:41.166 --> 36:42.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% horticultural plants has changed 36:42.933 --> 36:44.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% dramatically over the last 36:44.933 --> 36:46.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% 10 or 15 years. 36:46.500 --> 36:49.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% And now there's many, many 36:49.100 --> 36:51.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% plants on the market now that 36:51.800 --> 36:54.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% are patented so that every 36:54.000 --> 36:56.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% purchase of that plant the 36:56.600 --> 36:58.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% originator gets a portion of the 36:58.966 --> 37:01.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:22.5% proceeds. 37:01.666 --> 37:04.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% So there's incentive for 37:04.100 --> 37:06.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% constantly introducing new 37:06.266 --> 37:09.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% plants and patenting them and 37:09.066 --> 37:12.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% marketing them. 37:12.100 --> 37:15.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And what happens as a result is 37:15.400 --> 37:17.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% that a lot of the really great 37:17.700 --> 37:19.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% old time plants get crowded out 37:19.933 --> 37:22.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% of the market because people are 37:22.066 --> 37:24.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% clamoring for the plants that 37:24.900 --> 37:26.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% are seen advertised all the 37:26.533 --> 37:28.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% time. 37:28.066 --> 37:29.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% And there's multimillion dollar 37:29.566 --> 37:31.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% advertising campaigns for some 37:31.366 --> 37:33.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% of these plants now. 37:33.333 --> 37:35.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% So have an awareness of that, 37:35.400 --> 37:37.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% and do realize too that they 37:37.266 --> 37:39.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% think the gardener wants 37:39.633 --> 37:41.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% something new so they're going 37:41.400 --> 37:43.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% to try to be constantly 37:43.133 --> 37:44.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% introducing something new. 37:44.733 --> 37:46.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And many of these plants are not 37:46.266 --> 37:48.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% necessarily better. 37:48.033 --> 37:49.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And a lot of times there will be 37:49.733 --> 37:51.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% a lot of noise made about a new 37:51.233 --> 37:52.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% plant that comes on the market, 37:52.366 --> 37:53.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% and they tend to be very 37:53.466 --> 37:54.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% expensive when they first come 37:54.500 --> 37:55.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:10% out. 37:55.766 --> 37:57.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% I say wait. 37:57.100 --> 37:58.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% You don't need to have it the 37:58.233 --> 37:59.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% first year. 37:59.833 --> 38:01.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% Let you neighbor or your friend 38:01.233 --> 38:02.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% be the first one to have it, and 38:02.766 --> 38:04.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% then watch and see what happens 38:04.166 --> 38:05.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% because a lot of these plants, 38:05.633 --> 38:07.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% they're not even around three 38:07.200 --> 38:08.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% years later. 38:08.400 --> 38:09.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% They just disappear because they 38:09.700 --> 38:11.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% don't turn out to be really good 38:11.600 --> 38:13.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% garden performers. 38:13.666 --> 38:16.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% So, be patient and be a little 38:16.500 --> 38:18.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% skeptical. 38:18.400 --> 38:20.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% How do you know when you read 38:20.133 --> 38:21.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% about some plant that's supposed 38:21.666 --> 38:23.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% to be great how much of a grain 38:23.500 --> 38:25.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% salt you should take what you're 38:25.233 --> 38:27.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% reading with? 38:27.033 --> 38:28.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% Well, there are some 38:28.566 --> 38:30.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% organizations, this is the 38:30.533 --> 38:32.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% Wisconsin Nursery Association. 38:32.466 --> 38:34.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% Well, their goal, obviously, is 38:34.733 --> 38:37.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% to sell plants. 38:37.366 --> 38:38.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% We want you to buy plants. 38:38.866 --> 38:40.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% That's what we do for business. 38:40.733 --> 38:42.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% But we also want you to buy a 38:42.833 --> 38:44.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% really good plant that you're 38:44.766 --> 38:47.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% going to love and be successful 38:47.266 --> 38:48.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% with so you come back and buy 38:48.800 --> 38:50.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% more. 38:50.366 --> 38:52.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% And so the Wisconsin Nursery 38:52.100 --> 38:54.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% Association each year picks a 38:54.166 --> 38:55.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% perennial plant of the year and 38:55.800 --> 38:57.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% a woody plant of the year, and 38:57.633 --> 39:00.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% these tend to be really 39:00.466 --> 39:02.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:42.5% fantastic plants. 39:02.366 --> 39:04.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% Their selections are excellent. 39:04.500 --> 39:07.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% So any plants that an 39:07.133 --> 39:08.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% organization like this is 39:08.933 --> 39:10.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% promoting do tend to be 39:10.533 --> 39:12.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% something that's worth 39:12.066 --> 39:13.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% considering. 39:13.966 --> 39:15.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% And we do have a list of the 39:15.600 --> 39:17.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% Wisconsin perennial plants of 39:17.300 --> 39:19.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% the year on our website. 39:19.066 --> 39:20.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% Also, the Perennial Plant 39:20.566 --> 39:22.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% Association, which is a national 39:22.366 --> 39:24.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% organization of perennial plant 39:24.466 --> 39:26.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% growers, each year select a 39:26.833 --> 39:28.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% perennial plant of the year. 39:28.466 --> 39:31.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% Their criteria are suitable for 39:31.033 --> 39:33.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% a wide range of climatic 39:33.300 --> 39:35.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% conditions, low maintenance 39:35.400 --> 39:37.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% requirements, relatively pest 39:37.733 --> 39:39.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% and disease resistant, ready 39:39.600 --> 39:41.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% availability in the year 39:41.466 --> 39:43.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% promotion and multiple seasons 39:43.200 --> 39:44.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% or ornamental interest. 39:44.833 --> 39:46.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% Those are all great goals, and I 39:46.533 --> 39:48.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% would say for the most part the 39:48.166 --> 39:49.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% plants that they select really 39:49.966 --> 39:52.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% meet those qualifications. 39:52.433 --> 39:54.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And the perennial plant of the 39:54.166 --> 39:55.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% year are usually really, really 39:55.733 --> 39:57.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% good choices. 39:57.100 --> 39:58.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And, again, you'll find a list 39:58.633 --> 40:00.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% on our website of those plants. 40:00.333 --> 40:02.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% The All American Selections, 40:02.833 --> 40:05.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% the difference between the 40:05.400 --> 40:06.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% All American Selections and the 40:06.833 --> 40:08.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% other two we just talked about 40:08.366 --> 40:10.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% is the other two they can pick 40:10.433 --> 40:12.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% from any plant. 40:12.033 --> 40:13.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% These could have been plants 40:13.066 --> 40:13.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% that have been on the market for 40:13.900 --> 40:15.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:40% years and years. 40:15.600 --> 40:17.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% All American Selections do tend 40:17.900 --> 40:19.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% to be, they're new 40:19.600 --> 40:21.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% introductions. 40:21.500 --> 40:23.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% The grower will provide these 40:23.000 --> 40:25.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% plants for evaluation. 40:25.266 --> 40:26.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% But they're being evaluated in a 40:26.933 --> 40:31.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% very objective way. 40:31.600 --> 40:33.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% It's an independent nonprofit 40:33.833 --> 40:35.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% organization that does not 40:35.533 --> 40:37.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% advertise. 40:37.100 --> 40:38.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And they're putting them through 40:38.800 --> 40:40.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% these trials. 40:40.300 --> 40:41.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% So where do you go to see these 40:41.733 --> 40:43.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:17.5% trials? 40:43.033 --> 40:44.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% You can actually go and look at 40:44.400 --> 40:45.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% these plants being trialed at 40:45.766 --> 40:47.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% these various locations nearby. 40:47.633 --> 40:49.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And it's really very interesting 40:49.633 --> 40:51.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% because you can go and they'll 40:51.300 --> 40:52.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% have a huge bed of all different 40:52.800 --> 40:54.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% Salvias or all different 40:54.266 --> 40:55.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% petunias or whatever it might 40:55.900 --> 40:57.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:7.5% be. 40:57.333 --> 40:59.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% And you can compare them 40:59.066 --> 41:00.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% yourself and see which ones are 41:00.733 --> 41:02.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% blooming most heavily, which 41:02.466 --> 41:04.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% ones are sprawling all over the 41:04.633 --> 41:06.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% places, which ones have nicer 41:06.100 --> 41:07.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% habit. 41:07.500 --> 41:08.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% It's really nice to have these 41:08.766 --> 41:10.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% trial gardens open to the 41:10.133 --> 41:11.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:17.5% public. 41:11.500 --> 41:12.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% And then the American Garden 41:12.933 --> 41:15.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% Award, and usually these, at 41:15.133 --> 41:17.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% like Boerner Botanic Gardens in 41:17.266 --> 41:19.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% Milwaukee, these trials are 41:19.266 --> 41:21.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% there, and you can actually 41:21.166 --> 41:22.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% vote. 41:22.933 --> 41:24.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% As a visitor to the gardens, you 41:24.700 --> 41:26.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% can vote, and you're determining 41:26.533 --> 41:28.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% which ones are going to be 41:28.166 --> 41:30.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% getting the award. 41:30.866 --> 41:32.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% Now, on the flip side of that is 41:32.866 --> 41:34.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% the Proven Winners program. 41:34.766 --> 41:36.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% You see the wording here: Proven 41:36.433 --> 41:38.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% Winners is the leading brand. 41:38.400 --> 41:42.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And their reason for existence 41:42.500 --> 41:45.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% is they want to have unique high 41:45.500 --> 41:47.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% performing plants, but they want 41:47.200 --> 41:49.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% to market the plants. 41:49.266 --> 41:51.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And so it's a brand, and this is 41:51.600 --> 41:54.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% what we receive in the mail from 41:54.600 --> 41:57.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% the Proven Winners program. 41:57.300 --> 41:59.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% Expect your customers to ask for 41:59.733 --> 42:02.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% blah, blah, blah, whatever it 42:02.033 --> 42:03.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% might be because we're going to 42:03.833 --> 42:05.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% advertise it. 42:05.533 --> 42:07.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And they spend a lot of money 42:07.333 --> 42:08.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% advertising these plants. 42:08.733 --> 42:10.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% And sometimes it can be 42:10.766 --> 42:12.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% difficult to tell the difference 42:12.066 --> 42:13.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% between advertising and 42:13.133 --> 42:14.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% editorials. 42:14.333 --> 42:17.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% So just maybe try to look 42:17.466 --> 42:19.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% carefully when you see something 42:19.333 --> 42:20.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% in a woman's magazine, a big 42:20.733 --> 42:24.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% full-page thing about a plant, 42:24.033 --> 42:26.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% is it an ad or is it actually an 42:26.333 --> 42:28.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% article? 42:28.200 --> 42:29.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% And if it's an ad, maybe let 42:29.833 --> 42:32.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% that plant prove itself before 42:32.366 --> 42:36.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% you go out and invest a lot of 42:36.100 --> 42:38.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% money in it for your garden. 42:38.933 --> 42:40.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% Mistake: not using botanical 42:40.700 --> 42:42.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% nomenclature. 42:42.700 --> 42:44.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% What is botanical nomenclature? 42:44.666 --> 42:46.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% It's binomial nomenclature, 42:46.633 --> 42:48.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% meaning bi, which is two, and 42:48.866 --> 42:51.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% nomen is name. 42:51.833 --> 42:53.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% So every plant has a common 42:53.700 --> 42:56.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% name, like we were talking about 42:56.266 --> 42:58.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% the loosestrife, where there are 42:58.733 --> 43:00.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% two plants that both have the 43:00.633 --> 43:02.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% common name loosestrife, but 43:02.333 --> 43:03.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% they're completely unrelated 43:03.966 --> 43:05.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:17.5% plants. 43:05.800 --> 43:10.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% So one is Lythrum salicaria; the 43:10.366 --> 43:13.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% other is Lysimachia clethroides. 43:13.433 --> 43:15.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% They each have a genus and a 43:15.000 --> 43:16.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% species name. 43:16.666 --> 43:18.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% And to understand how that 43:18.800 --> 43:20.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% works, a genus would be like the 43:20.700 --> 43:22.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% equivalent of your last name. 43:22.566 --> 43:25.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% So if you're Alice Smith, 43:25.100 --> 43:27.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% everybody in the Smith family 43:27.766 --> 43:29.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:42.5% may share certain 43:29.300 --> 43:30.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% characteristics that you can 43:30.766 --> 43:32.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% tell that's a Smith. 43:32.266 --> 43:34.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% But you're Alice Smith, that's 43:34.333 --> 43:36.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% the specific name or the species 43:36.200 --> 43:37.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% name. 43:37.700 --> 43:39.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% That describes you exactly. 43:39.600 --> 43:41.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% Alice Smith is the only person 43:41.233 --> 43:42.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% that fits that exact 43:42.833 --> 43:44.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% description. 43:44.766 --> 43:47.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And so if you know the genus and 43:47.266 --> 43:48.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% the species name, you know that 43:48.866 --> 43:50.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% you're asking for exactly the 43:50.300 --> 43:51.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% right plant. 43:51.733 --> 43:53.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% If you read about some plant or 43:53.133 --> 43:54.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% if you go on a garden tour, oh, 43:54.433 --> 43:55.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% I really like that, and they 43:55.633 --> 43:57.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% say, oh, well that's a cupflower 43:57.566 --> 43:59.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% or something. 43:59.000 --> 44:00.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% Well, can you tell me, do you 44:00.300 --> 44:01.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% have any more information than 44:01.566 --> 44:02.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% that? 44:02.866 --> 44:04.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% Do you know the scientific name? 44:04.133 --> 44:05.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% Because if you go to the nursery 44:05.633 --> 44:06.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% and you ask for the cupflower, 44:06.966 --> 44:08.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% who knows what that is. 44:08.400 --> 44:10.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% You're going to know exactly 44:10.400 --> 44:11.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% what you're talking about if you 44:11.866 --> 44:13.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% have the genus and the species. 44:13.200 --> 44:14.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And just the genus isn't going 44:14.600 --> 44:16.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% to do it because say this is 44:16.033 --> 44:17.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% Phlox. 44:17.666 --> 44:19.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% Well, there's all different 44:19.733 --> 44:20.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% types of Phlox ranging from the 44:20.966 --> 44:22.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:42.5% tall garden Phlox 44:22.200 --> 44:23.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% to low Creeping Phlox. 44:23.700 --> 44:25.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% Well, say okay, it was a 44:25.000 --> 44:26.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% Creeping Phlox. 44:26.533 --> 44:27.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% Well, there's two entirely 44:27.833 --> 44:28.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% different plants that are called 44:28.900 --> 44:30.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% Creeping Phlox. 44:30.333 --> 44:31.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% The one on the top is Phlox 44:31.566 --> 44:32.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% stolonifera, that's a woodland 44:32.933 --> 44:34.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% ground cover. 44:34.400 --> 44:35.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% And the one on the bottom is 44:35.666 --> 44:36.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% Phlox subulata. 44:36.666 --> 44:37.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% That's a rock garden plant for 44:37.566 --> 44:38.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:22.5% full sun. 44:38.666 --> 44:39.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% They're both called Creeping 44:39.666 --> 44:40.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% Phlox. 44:40.866 --> 44:41.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% Just to complicate the issue, 44:41.900 --> 44:43.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% the one on the bottom is also 44:43.200 --> 44:44.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% called Pinks, and Pinks is the 44:44.833 --> 44:46.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% common name for Dianthus or 44:46.900 --> 44:48.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% carnations. 44:48.666 --> 44:50.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% So that's why it really does 44:50.733 --> 44:52.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% behoove you to know these 44:52.266 --> 44:53.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:42.5% scientific names. 44:53.766 --> 44:55.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% And when you get down to the 44:55.366 --> 44:57.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% species level, so that's Phlox 44:57.100 --> 44:58.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% paniculata, the tall garden 44:58.600 --> 45:03.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% Phlox, that species name can 45:03.166 --> 45:05.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% actually tell you information 45:05.200 --> 45:07.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% about the plant itself. 45:07.466 --> 45:09.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% It's usually in a language you 45:09.400 --> 45:10.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% don't know. 45:10.466 --> 45:11.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% It's either Greek or it's Latin 45:11.600 --> 45:12.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% usually. 45:12.733 --> 45:14.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% But you can learn what some of 45:14.233 --> 45:16.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% these names mean, and it 45:16.033 --> 45:17.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% actually tells you some 45:17.900 --> 45:19.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% characteristics of the plant. 45:19.400 --> 45:21.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% So in this situation, Phlox 45:21.200 --> 45:23.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% paniculata means the flower, it 45:23.100 --> 45:24.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% flowers in a panicle. 45:24.766 --> 45:26.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% The flower is in the form of a 45:26.266 --> 45:27.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% panicle. 45:27.766 --> 45:29.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% But alba is white. 45:29.200 --> 45:30.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% Atropurpurea would be purple. 45:30.833 --> 45:32.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% It can even tell you about the 45:32.400 --> 45:33.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% growing conditions. 45:33.900 --> 45:35.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% Let's see palustris, if the 45:35.900 --> 45:37.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% species name is palustris, that 45:37.733 --> 45:39.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% wants to grow in a wet area. 45:39.400 --> 45:42.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% Most of them are just 45:42.766 --> 45:44.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% descriptive, the other ones that 45:44.366 --> 45:45.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:32.5% are on there. 45:45.700 --> 45:47.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% But you really can get a lot of 45:47.200 --> 45:48.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% information out of the name. 45:48.766 --> 45:50.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% It can be quite interesting to 45:50.266 --> 45:51.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% begin to understand what these 45:51.933 --> 45:53.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% names mean. 45:53.766 --> 45:56.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% So you've narrowed it down to 45:56.033 --> 45:58.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% Phlox paniculata, even if you 45:58.233 --> 45:59.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% went into the nursery and said I 45:59.966 --> 46:01.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% want Phlox paniculata, there's 46:01.566 --> 46:03.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% probably well over a hundred 46:03.833 --> 46:05.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% different varieties of Phlox 46:05.400 --> 46:06.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% paniculata. 46:06.900 --> 46:09.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% So you really want to know also 46:09.633 --> 46:11.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% the cultivar or the variety 46:11.066 --> 46:12.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% name. 46:12.500 --> 46:14.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% In this case, Phlox paniculata, 46:14.166 --> 46:15.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% Shockwave. 46:15.666 --> 46:17.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% That's this variegated one. 46:17.466 --> 46:20.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% But there's any number of named 46:20.600 --> 46:23.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% varieties of cultivar, which 46:23.100 --> 46:26.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% means it's a variety that was 46:26.600 --> 46:29.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% developed by plant breeders is 46:29.033 --> 46:30.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% what a cultivar is. 46:30.600 --> 46:31.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% It's shown in single quotes like 46:31.966 --> 46:34.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% that. 46:34.000 --> 46:35.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% Mistake: selecting a plant 46:35.433 --> 46:37.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% solely on the basis of its 46:37.066 --> 46:38.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% flowers. 46:38.466 --> 46:40.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% We all do this. 46:40.033 --> 46:41.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% It's just human nature. 46:41.966 --> 46:43.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% But it really, and this is 46:43.833 --> 46:45.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% another reason that it's good to 46:45.366 --> 46:46.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% sort of take your time 46:46.833 --> 46:48.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% establishing your perennial 46:48.266 --> 46:49.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% garden and maybe not invest in 46:49.733 --> 46:51.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% huge waves of one thing until 46:51.166 --> 46:52.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% you find out how you like its 46:52.533 --> 46:53.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:30% performance. 46:53.866 --> 46:55.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% You also want to consider what 46:55.300 --> 46:57.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% its foliage, habit, form, and 46:57.233 --> 46:58.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% texture is going to be because 46:58.633 --> 47:00.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% the vast majority of the time, 47:00.100 --> 47:01.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% other than that three to four 47:01.900 --> 47:03.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% weeks that the plant is 47:03.400 --> 47:04.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% blooming, that's what you're 47:04.800 --> 47:06.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% going to be looking at. 47:06.066 --> 47:07.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% You're going to be looking at 47:07.466 --> 47:08.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% the foliage and the habit and 47:08.733 --> 47:10.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% the texture and the form. 47:10.200 --> 47:11.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% And so you want that to be 47:11.533 --> 47:13.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% attractive. 47:13.300 --> 47:14.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% And there are a lot of 47:14.766 --> 47:16.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% perennials that really are very 47:16.100 --> 47:17.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% attractive through the whole 47:17.366 --> 47:18.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% season even though they're not 47:18.633 --> 47:19.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:22.5% blooming. 47:19.900 --> 47:20.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% One of my favorites is this. 47:20.966 --> 47:22.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% This is a dwarf form of the 47:22.066 --> 47:23.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% Baptisia australis or false 47:23.200 --> 47:24.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% indigo called minor. 47:24.833 --> 47:26.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% And it has a really pretty 47:26.333 --> 47:27.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% flower in the spring, but then 47:27.666 --> 47:29.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% also it just has that beautiful 47:29.133 --> 47:30.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% habit throughout the season. 47:30.566 --> 47:31.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% It's just a really good garden 47:31.800 --> 47:33.466 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% plant. 47:33.466 --> 47:35.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% If you are going to pick plants 47:35.166 --> 47:36.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% based on their flower, you might 47:36.866 --> 47:39.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% want to select those that are 47:39.400 --> 47:40.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% going to bloom for a really long 47:40.633 --> 47:41.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% period of time. 47:41.700 --> 47:43.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And there are some perennials 47:43.066 --> 47:45.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% that will bloom six weeks, even 47:45.100 --> 47:46.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% more, but they are few and far 47:46.966 --> 47:48.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% between. 47:48.433 --> 47:49.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% We do have a list on our website 47:49.833 --> 47:51.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% of perennials that bloom more 47:51.366 --> 47:53.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% than six weeks, but the one on 47:53.566 --> 47:56.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% the right here, this is Salvia 47:56.600 --> 47:58.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% verticillata, purple rain. 47:58.800 --> 48:00.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% That is a great Salvia. 48:00.833 --> 48:01.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% If you dead-head that, that 48:01.833 --> 48:02.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% blooms all season. 48:02.933 --> 48:04.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% It's a different species than 48:04.300 --> 48:05.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% the Salvia most of you are 48:05.300 --> 48:06.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:57.5% probably familiar with. 48:06.600 --> 48:07.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% At the top, that's Corydalis 48:07.966 --> 48:09.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:15% lutea. 48:09.600 --> 48:11.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% We saw in an earlier slide that 48:11.433 --> 48:13.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% Corydalis bulbosa. 48:13.166 --> 48:14.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% That was that carpet of purple 48:14.433 --> 48:15.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:50% early in the spring. 48:15.500 --> 48:17.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% That one goes dormant. 48:17.166 --> 48:20.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% This one blooms in deep shade 48:20.500 --> 48:22.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% in soil with no nutrients 48:22.833 --> 48:27.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% from June until hard frost. 48:27.333 --> 48:28.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% It's one of the longest blooming 48:28.500 --> 48:29.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:27.5% perennials. 48:29.600 --> 48:30.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% >> What was it called again? 48:30.933 --> 48:33.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% >> It's Corydalis lutea. 48:33.033 --> 48:34.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% In the middle, that's 48:34.500 --> 48:37.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% Calamintha, Montrose White. 48:37.433 --> 48:38.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% That picture was taken in late 48:38.800 --> 48:40.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:20% October. 48:40.533 --> 48:42.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% That's been blooming since June. 48:42.433 --> 48:43.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% And you want to be a little 48:43.866 --> 48:46.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% careful with the Calamintha 48:46.233 --> 48:48.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% because you only want to get the 48:48.200 --> 48:50.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% sterile varieties. 48:50.500 --> 48:52.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% Montrose White and there's a 48:52.133 --> 48:56.166 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% blue one called nepetoides, 48:56.166 --> 48:57.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:55% subspecies nepetoides. 48:57.566 --> 48:59.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% Those are the sterile ones. 48:59.366 --> 49:01.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% Some of the other varieties, 49:01.266 --> 49:02.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% well we learned the hard way, 49:02.900 --> 49:04.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% Blue Cloud and White Cloud, 49:04.333 --> 49:07.066 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% they seed all over the place. 49:07.066 --> 49:09.200 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And then the plant on the left 49:09.200 --> 49:11.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% that's Nepeta, Souvenir d'Andre. 49:11.500 --> 49:15.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% And Nepeta, Souvenir d'Andre 49:15.000 --> 49:17.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% Chaudron, and it's one of my 49:17.133 --> 49:18.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% very, very favorite plants. 49:18.533 --> 49:19.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% It blooms all summer. 49:19.366 --> 49:20.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% Hummingbirds love it. 49:20.733 --> 49:22.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% We can't get it anymore. 49:22.700 --> 49:24.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% We can't find it anywhere. 49:24.366 --> 49:25.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% Fortunately, we do have some 49:25.633 --> 49:26.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% stock we're going to be able to 49:26.766 --> 49:28.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:47.5% take cuttings from. 49:28.400 --> 49:31.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% But the wholesaler that we used 49:31.766 --> 49:33.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% to buy it from, they said we got 49:33.266 --> 49:34.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% rid of it because it had too 49:34.433 --> 49:35.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:37.5% long of a name. 49:35.833 --> 49:38.900 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% [LAUGHTER] 49:38.900 --> 49:40.100 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% And then, of course, the plant 49:40.100 --> 49:41.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% that it's partnered with there 49:41.800 --> 49:43.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% is a really great plant that 49:43.033 --> 49:44.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:40% blooms all year. 49:44.500 --> 49:45.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% [LAUGHTER] 49:45.833 --> 49:48.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And it grows in sun or shade, 49:48.133 --> 49:49.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% and it doesn't even require 49:49.266 --> 49:50.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:22.5% watering. 49:50.600 --> 49:52.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% [LAUGHTER] 49:52.766 --> 49:54.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:65% And mistake: falling for a 49:54.433 --> 49:56.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% picture of a pretty face. 49:56.233 --> 49:57.633 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% I did take these pictures off 49:57.633 --> 49:58.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% the Internet, and I don't want 49:58.866 --> 50:00.133 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% to imply that these are not 50:00.133 --> 50:01.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% great daylilies because I don't 50:01.233 --> 50:02.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:62.5% know anything about these 50:02.233 --> 50:04.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:52.5% particular daylilies. 50:04.300 --> 50:05.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% But what I did is I just looked 50:05.766 --> 50:07.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% for really incredible looking 50:07.033 --> 50:09.033 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% daylilies. 50:09.033 --> 50:12.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And if you saw that picture in a 50:12.700 --> 50:14.666 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% catalog, you would say, wow, I 50:14.666 --> 50:16.366 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% want to have that. 50:16.366 --> 50:17.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% But what do you really know 50:17.500 --> 50:18.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% about it besides that's what one 50:18.766 --> 50:20.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:45% flower looks like? 50:20.833 --> 50:22.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% And there's so much more to know 50:22.300 --> 50:23.533 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:35% about a plant. 50:23.533 --> 50:24.733 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% And we do grow about 400 50:24.733 --> 50:25.933 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% varieties of daylilies at the 50:25.933 --> 50:27.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:12.5% farm. 50:27.700 --> 50:30.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% So if you can go and you can 50:30.233 --> 50:32.000 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% actually see that plant, ideally 50:32.000 --> 50:34.300 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% in a garden situation, and this 50:34.300 --> 50:35.700 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% is where going to the botanic 50:35.700 --> 50:36.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% gardens or going to the garden 50:36.966 --> 50:38.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% tours is great too, you're going 50:38.600 --> 50:39.833 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% to see not just the individual 50:39.833 --> 50:41.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% flower but you're going to see 50:41.866 --> 50:43.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% how many flowers are on that 50:43.500 --> 50:45.333 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% plant, how well branched are 50:45.333 --> 50:46.500 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:75% they, how are they distributed 50:46.500 --> 50:47.566 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:67.5% on the plant, what does the 50:47.566 --> 50:49.766 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% foliage look like, etc, etc. 50:49.766 --> 50:50.966 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% All these things that are really 50:50.966 --> 50:52.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% important considerations 50:52.266 --> 50:54.233 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% for having an attractive 50:54.233 --> 50:57.600 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:70% and satisfying garden plant. 50:57.600 --> 50:59.866 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:72.5% And so that is what I have to 50:59.866 --> 51:02.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% show you in terms of the slides. 51:02.400 --> 51:05.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:60% And thank you very much. 51:05.433 --> 51:07.433 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:25% [APPLAUSE]