1 00:00:04,100 --> 00:00:05,433 - Welcome, everyone, to Wednesday Nite at the Lab. I'm Tom Zinnen, I work here 2 00:00:05,533 --> 00:00:07,166 at the UW-Madison Biotechnology Center. 3 00:00:07,266 --> 00:00:08,966 I also work for Cooperative Extension. 4 00:00:09,066 --> 00:00:12,433 And on behalf of those folks and our other core organizers, 5 00:00:12,533 --> 00:00:15,600 Wisconsin Public Television, Wisconsin Alumni Association, 6 00:00:15,700 --> 00:00:17,366 and the UW-Madison Science Alliance, 7 00:00:17,466 --> 00:00:20,300 thanks again for coming to Wednesday Nite at the Lab. 8 00:00:20,400 --> 00:00:23,866 We do this every Wednesday night, 50 times a year. 9 00:00:23,966 --> 00:00:26,400 Tonight it's my pleasure to introduce to you Dan Young 10 00:00:26,500 --> 00:00:28,566 of the Department of Entomology. 11 00:00:28,666 --> 00:00:31,533 He'll be here to talk about the insect research collection 12 00:00:31,633 --> 00:00:34,300 here at the UW, the Department of Entomology. 13 00:00:35,500 --> 00:00:39,466 It's a pretty amazing thing to be able to collect, 14 00:00:39,566 --> 00:00:41,533 whether it's plants or minerals 15 00:00:41,633 --> 00:00:43,633 or insects in this case. 16 00:00:43,733 --> 00:00:46,300 And I think one of the cool things in talking to Dan 17 00:00:46,400 --> 00:00:51,500 was their collection dates back almost 170 years 18 00:00:51,600 --> 00:00:54,200 and almost 3 million specimens. 19 00:00:54,300 --> 00:00:57,000 And that's a lot of bugs. 20 00:00:57,100 --> 00:00:58,566 But it's also a lot of heritage, 21 00:00:58,666 --> 00:01:00,866 and it grows year by year by year. 22 00:01:00,966 --> 00:01:03,366 I'm looking forward to hearing what Dan has to say 23 00:01:03,466 --> 00:01:06,633 about the Wisconsin Insect Research Collection 24 00:01:06,733 --> 00:01:08,100 here at the University of Wisconsin. 25 00:01:08,200 --> 00:01:09,733 Please join me in welcoming Dan Young 26 00:01:09,833 --> 00:01:11,533 back to Wednesday Nite at the Lab. 27 00:01:11,633 --> 00:01:14,900 (applause) 28 00:01:18,733 --> 00:01:22,066 - Thanks, Tom, and thanks you all for coming. 29 00:01:22,166 --> 00:01:23,666 Undoubtedly, this is going to be 30 00:01:23,766 --> 00:01:26,400 an insanely stimulating presentation, 31 00:01:26,500 --> 00:01:28,166 and you're going to have a million questions. 32 00:01:28,266 --> 00:01:29,933 I hope you brought paper to write them down, 33 00:01:30,033 --> 00:01:32,400 because they've told me I'm not supposed to be 34 00:01:32,500 --> 00:01:34,833 entertaining questions until the end. 35 00:01:34,933 --> 00:01:36,166 Hopefully, you'll have questions, 36 00:01:36,266 --> 00:01:38,600 but if you can, save them till the end. 37 00:01:38,700 --> 00:01:42,533 So in Tom's prelude, 38 00:01:42,633 --> 00:01:45,466 he actually mentioned a couple of, 39 00:01:45,566 --> 00:01:48,233 or tiptoed around, a couple of other collections 40 00:01:48,333 --> 00:01:49,933 that are on campus. 41 00:01:50,033 --> 00:01:52,966 And so before I get started with our collection, 42 00:01:53,066 --> 00:01:56,300 who can tell me the other natural history collections 43 00:01:56,400 --> 00:01:57,933 that are here on campus? 44 00:01:58,033 --> 00:02:01,533 We have some amazing, amazing natural history collections. 45 00:02:01,633 --> 00:02:04,266 So there's entomology, 46 00:02:04,366 --> 00:02:06,233 primary, first and foremost. 47 00:02:06,333 --> 00:02:07,900 What? 48 00:02:08,000 --> 00:02:09,466 Botany? 49 00:02:09,566 --> 00:02:11,800 The State Herbarium, right? 50 00:02:11,900 --> 00:02:14,366 The Wisconsin State Herbarium, that's like saying Ohio State. 51 00:02:14,466 --> 00:02:16,200 You have to put "the" in front of it. 52 00:02:16,300 --> 00:02:20,466 So the State of Wisconsin Herbarium, right? 53 00:02:20,566 --> 00:02:21,800 - [Audience Member] Geology. 54 00:02:21,900 --> 00:02:24,133 - Geology. What? Zoology. 55 00:02:24,233 --> 00:02:26,166 You've got four of them. 56 00:02:26,266 --> 00:02:28,900 In one of the talks coming up, you mentioned something about 57 00:02:29,000 --> 00:02:30,833 in September or October? 58 00:02:30,933 --> 00:02:32,466 - [Audience Member] Anthropology. 59 00:02:32,566 --> 00:02:35,300 Anthropology, those are our five natural history 60 00:02:35,400 --> 00:02:37,366 collections on campus. 61 00:02:37,466 --> 00:02:39,566 And those form a consortium. 62 00:02:39,666 --> 00:02:42,700 The UW Natural History Museum's council, 63 00:02:42,800 --> 00:02:44,633 for which I serve as co-chair, 64 00:02:44,733 --> 00:02:46,600 and some of you are familiar, perhaps, 65 00:02:46,700 --> 00:02:49,466 with the UW2020 project, 66 00:02:49,566 --> 00:02:52,433 and our consortium did receive one of those grants 67 00:02:52,533 --> 00:02:53,866 a year or so ago 68 00:02:53,966 --> 00:02:57,200 to try to develop a portal, a digital portal, 69 00:02:57,300 --> 00:02:59,333 to better integrate our collections 70 00:02:59,433 --> 00:03:02,966 so that you could ask the-- 71 00:03:03,066 --> 00:03:05,466 You could put in a query and find out 72 00:03:05,566 --> 00:03:08,433 what particular species of beetle might be found 73 00:03:08,533 --> 00:03:10,800 on which particular species of plant 74 00:03:10,900 --> 00:03:13,500 at what particular part of the state 75 00:03:13,600 --> 00:03:15,033 with the phenology of flowering 76 00:03:15,133 --> 00:03:16,400 at what particular time of the year, 77 00:03:16,500 --> 00:03:18,866 so all those data exist disparately 78 00:03:18,966 --> 00:03:20,400 in all these collections, 79 00:03:20,500 --> 00:03:23,100 and this is an attempt to try to bring those together. 80 00:03:23,200 --> 00:03:26,266 These kinds of things are going on nationally and internationally, as well. 81 00:03:26,366 --> 00:03:28,166 But we were very fortunate to be able to 82 00:03:28,266 --> 00:03:30,766 bring our collections here on campus together, 83 00:03:30,866 --> 00:03:33,700 at least remotely, to do that, as well. 84 00:03:33,800 --> 00:03:35,833 But largely what I'm here to talk to you tonight 85 00:03:35,933 --> 00:03:40,200 is about our UW Insect Research Collection. 86 00:03:40,300 --> 00:03:43,000 So here we are at the door. Welcome. 87 00:03:43,100 --> 00:03:46,500 And we're going to open the door and let you in. 88 00:03:46,600 --> 00:03:49,100 This is about the best way we can do it right now, 89 00:03:49,200 --> 00:03:51,266 because if you read what Tom head sent out to you, 90 00:03:51,366 --> 00:03:53,566 our building is under-- 91 00:03:53,666 --> 00:03:54,933 Well, they call it construction, 92 00:03:55,033 --> 00:03:57,600 but it's mostly been destruction. 93 00:03:57,700 --> 00:04:00,000 So hopefully, at some point, 94 00:04:00,100 --> 00:04:03,866 some of you might be able to manage to get ahold of us and get a tour. 95 00:04:03,966 --> 00:04:07,833 We are largely a research collection. 96 00:04:08,700 --> 00:04:11,600 We are not so much a museum. 97 00:04:11,700 --> 00:04:16,033 So if you were to go to the geology museum, 98 00:04:16,133 --> 00:04:18,500 they're a museum. 99 00:04:18,600 --> 00:04:22,766 And they have a lot of space that's devoted to displays. 100 00:04:23,966 --> 00:04:26,566 That is one of the ways that I differentiate 101 00:04:26,666 --> 00:04:29,000 between a museum and a collection. 102 00:04:29,100 --> 00:04:32,566 A museum would tend to have a lot of public display areas, 103 00:04:32,666 --> 00:04:35,766 like the Milwaukee Public Museum, a favorite of ours. 104 00:04:35,866 --> 00:04:37,800 We are largely a research collection, 105 00:04:37,900 --> 00:04:42,033 so once you enter into the bowels of the collection, 106 00:04:42,133 --> 00:04:45,600 it's not going to look real exciting 107 00:04:45,700 --> 00:04:50,600 unless you get real excited about steel and metal cabinets. 108 00:04:50,700 --> 00:04:55,133 But when you come into our main range 109 00:04:55,233 --> 00:04:57,866 here on the third floor of Russell Labs, 110 00:04:57,966 --> 00:05:00,500 you're going to go about halfway there, 111 00:05:00,600 --> 00:05:03,233 and then the next shot is going to be panning down 112 00:05:03,333 --> 00:05:06,733 to the right, where we see those beautiful, wonderful 113 00:05:06,833 --> 00:05:10,233 steel cabinets, each of which contains thousands 114 00:05:10,333 --> 00:05:12,733 upon thousands upon thousands of specimens 115 00:05:12,833 --> 00:05:15,100 that are all arranged hierarchically 116 00:05:15,200 --> 00:05:17,866 so that we can get at them very quickly. 117 00:05:18,866 --> 00:05:22,533 So I'm going to go through six major topical areas with you 118 00:05:22,633 --> 00:05:25,166 that relate to our collection. 119 00:05:25,266 --> 00:05:27,633 And we're going to start with history. 120 00:05:27,733 --> 00:05:29,900 As Tom mentioned, a collection our age 121 00:05:30,000 --> 00:05:31,533 does have a pretty good amount of history 122 00:05:31,633 --> 00:05:33,266 associated with it. 123 00:05:33,366 --> 00:05:38,600 So the collection, 170 might be a little bit, 124 00:05:38,700 --> 00:05:40,566 a little bit on the hefty side, 125 00:05:40,666 --> 00:05:45,900 but we know that although records weren't kept 126 00:05:46,000 --> 00:05:47,766 as well as we might've archived, 127 00:05:47,866 --> 00:05:52,633 but we know that from around 1900, certainly around 1909, 128 00:05:52,733 --> 00:05:55,300 there were beginnings of a collection 129 00:05:55,400 --> 00:05:57,933 that were starting to assemble themselves. 130 00:05:58,033 --> 00:06:00,933 This became a little bit more formalized 131 00:06:01,033 --> 00:06:05,066 in the early 1950s down in good old King Hall. 132 00:06:05,166 --> 00:06:08,433 At the time the collection became something 133 00:06:08,533 --> 00:06:12,966 that you would recognize as a single standing collection, 134 00:06:13,066 --> 00:06:15,766 the collection was sort of housed and kept by 135 00:06:15,866 --> 00:06:20,633 whoever was teaching the insect identification course at that time. 136 00:06:20,733 --> 00:06:22,633 That was one of the responsibilities that they had, 137 00:06:22,733 --> 00:06:26,133 to upkeep that collection, which was pretty doable, 138 00:06:26,233 --> 00:06:28,066 because it was relatively small then. 139 00:06:29,433 --> 00:06:32,966 So early on, growth was about a half a dozen cabinets, 140 00:06:33,066 --> 00:06:37,600 and if you remember looking down that long aisle, 141 00:06:37,700 --> 00:06:40,700 each of those long aisles is divided into smaller aisles, 142 00:06:40,800 --> 00:06:43,933 so we have several hundred cabinets now. 143 00:06:44,033 --> 00:06:46,333 And we have also two facilities. 144 00:06:46,433 --> 00:06:48,200 I'll get into that in a little bit. 145 00:06:48,300 --> 00:06:50,933 So early growth, about a half a dozen cabinets, 146 00:06:51,033 --> 00:06:54,400 and each cabinet would hold 24 drawers, 147 00:06:54,500 --> 00:06:56,433 our standard insect drawers, 148 00:06:56,533 --> 00:07:00,300 and these came largely from donations by faculty, 149 00:07:00,400 --> 00:07:04,066 by their research projects, some students that would donate 150 00:07:04,166 --> 00:07:06,833 as a part of what they were doing with their own collections. 151 00:07:06,933 --> 00:07:09,600 Again, if you read Tom's little preamble tonight, 152 00:07:09,700 --> 00:07:11,533 he talked about a collection that he made 153 00:07:11,633 --> 00:07:14,200 down in Platteville, wasn't it? 154 00:07:14,300 --> 00:07:15,866 Yeah. 155 00:07:15,966 --> 00:07:18,000 And donations from amateurs. 156 00:07:18,100 --> 00:07:21,266 We do get a lot of really substantive donations 157 00:07:21,366 --> 00:07:24,933 from amateurs, just like people that are bird enthusiasts 158 00:07:25,033 --> 00:07:26,433 or whatever enthusiasts, 159 00:07:26,533 --> 00:07:29,700 they tend to know a lot about the subject, 160 00:07:29,800 --> 00:07:32,133 and when they decide they no longer 161 00:07:32,233 --> 00:07:34,033 are able to keep their collection, 162 00:07:34,133 --> 00:07:39,033 of if they happen to die, and there's a relative 163 00:07:39,133 --> 00:07:41,600 that's thoughtful enough to remember 164 00:07:41,700 --> 00:07:43,133 that these are incredibly valuable things, 165 00:07:43,233 --> 00:07:45,733 they may contact us or other collections around, 166 00:07:45,833 --> 00:07:49,666 and we try to do a rescue of those kinds of collections. 167 00:07:49,766 --> 00:07:52,466 So as would not be uncommon, 168 00:07:52,566 --> 00:07:55,033 early efforts from our collection emphasize Coleoptera, 169 00:07:55,133 --> 00:07:56,400 those are the beetles. 170 00:07:56,500 --> 00:07:59,233 How many of you who work on beetles? 171 00:08:02,200 --> 00:08:05,100 Hi, Jackie. (laughter) 172 00:08:05,200 --> 00:08:11,166 So more than one out of four of every kind of living species 173 00:08:11,266 --> 00:08:14,133 on the planet is a beetle. 174 00:08:14,233 --> 00:08:17,666 So what worthless things are you working on? 175 00:08:17,766 --> 00:08:20,066 (laughter) 176 00:08:20,166 --> 00:08:23,433 Yeah, so beetles, it's understandable 177 00:08:23,533 --> 00:08:27,366 that would be a major emphasis, because there so many of them. 178 00:08:27,466 --> 00:08:29,633 Diptera, the flies. 179 00:08:30,600 --> 00:08:33,666 Flies, of course, have a lot of nuisance value 180 00:08:33,766 --> 00:08:36,033 with mosquitoes and black flies 181 00:08:36,133 --> 00:08:38,400 and no-see-ums and deer flies, 182 00:08:38,500 --> 00:08:44,333 but flies have some of the most crazy, bizarre, 183 00:08:44,433 --> 00:08:48,200 incredibly interesting biologies of anything on the planet, 184 00:08:48,300 --> 00:08:51,800 so there's a lot of interesting flies, and we'll get back to that. 185 00:08:51,900 --> 00:08:54,733 It's one of our main sub-stories, our sub-plots. 186 00:08:55,900 --> 00:08:58,900 And, of course, the god-awful Lepidoptera. 187 00:08:59,000 --> 00:09:02,200 So, let's see, this would be like, 188 00:09:02,300 --> 00:09:03,733 so it would be like the Packers 189 00:09:03,833 --> 00:09:07,266 and the Vikings thing, kind of, right? 190 00:09:07,366 --> 00:09:10,033 So if you work on beetles, then Lepidoptera, 191 00:09:10,133 --> 00:09:11,433 which are the butterflies and moths 192 00:09:11,533 --> 00:09:14,333 are just absolutely disgusting. 193 00:09:14,433 --> 00:09:17,500 But they are, like Coleoptera and Diptera, 194 00:09:17,600 --> 00:09:20,500 three of the largest orders of insects. 195 00:09:20,600 --> 00:09:22,933 So definitely there'd be a lot of people 196 00:09:23,033 --> 00:09:25,733 that would be working on those, hobbyists and whatnot. 197 00:09:27,166 --> 00:09:30,633 Some of the folks that I've followed in the footsteps, 198 00:09:30,733 --> 00:09:32,400 Charles Fluke. 199 00:09:33,533 --> 00:09:37,966 It says in the archives that he was director of the WIRC, 200 00:09:38,066 --> 00:09:42,833 the Wisconsin Insect Research Collection from 1916 to 1958. 201 00:09:45,800 --> 00:09:48,233 I'm thinking maybe that's when he lived. 202 00:09:48,333 --> 00:09:50,233 That's a lot of years. 203 00:09:50,333 --> 00:09:54,433 I'd have to work like 20 more years to catch up to that. 204 00:09:55,666 --> 00:09:57,333 Maybe, maybe. 205 00:09:58,500 --> 00:10:00,433 Fluke was a fly specialist. 206 00:10:01,533 --> 00:10:05,200 And again, he will come back to us as one of our sub-plots, 207 00:10:05,300 --> 00:10:08,066 because the group that he specialized on 208 00:10:08,166 --> 00:10:10,266 turns out to be a family of flies 209 00:10:10,366 --> 00:10:13,900 for which our collection is one of the best 210 00:10:14,000 --> 00:10:15,866 in the entire world. 211 00:10:17,033 --> 00:10:20,300 Roy Shenefelt, from 1958 to 1977, 212 00:10:20,400 --> 00:10:22,466 a little bit before I got here. 213 00:10:22,566 --> 00:10:27,766 Roy was more of a bibliographer than really a taxonomist. 214 00:10:27,866 --> 00:10:31,133 Nominally, he worked on wasps, 215 00:10:31,233 --> 00:10:35,066 but a lot of what he liked to do was just collect reprints 216 00:10:35,166 --> 00:10:38,400 and organize bibliographic kinds of materials, 217 00:10:38,500 --> 00:10:41,900 write catalogs of species and things like. 218 00:10:42,000 --> 00:10:45,400 Jane Harrington was there from '77 to '91. 219 00:10:45,500 --> 00:10:47,466 I did overlap with Jane. 220 00:10:47,566 --> 00:10:52,133 She was a Hemepterist, so the true bugs. 221 00:10:52,233 --> 00:10:54,866 She worked on Lygaeoids, so, let's see, 222 00:10:54,966 --> 00:10:58,300 like in a couple of weeks when, well, a few weeks, maybe, 223 00:10:58,400 --> 00:11:00,933 when the milkweed pods begin to dehisce. 224 00:11:01,033 --> 00:11:02,766 In fact, I've already seen some already. 225 00:11:02,866 --> 00:11:07,633 You'll see a black and orange bug that really is a bug. 226 00:11:07,733 --> 00:11:10,166 That is its scientific name. 227 00:11:10,266 --> 00:11:13,366 The order Hemeptera are the bugs, the true bugs. 228 00:11:13,466 --> 00:11:16,633 So you'll begin to see Lygaeus on milkweed, 229 00:11:16,733 --> 00:11:19,066 a couple of different groups of them. 230 00:11:19,166 --> 00:11:21,533 And she didn't work on that particular one, 231 00:11:21,633 --> 00:11:23,366 but she actually worked on some weird ones 232 00:11:23,466 --> 00:11:27,100 that were blood-feeders in the tropics. 233 00:11:27,200 --> 00:11:29,400 And then this dude showed up 234 00:11:29,500 --> 00:11:33,933 and has been a director since 1991. 235 00:11:35,433 --> 00:11:40,666 My position's a wee bit odd, not only for the department, 236 00:11:40,766 --> 00:11:42,733 but or the college and maybe even for the university. 237 00:11:42,833 --> 00:11:45,400 My appointment is largely teaching. 238 00:11:45,500 --> 00:11:49,433 My appointment, as you spread it out, is 75% teaching, 239 00:11:49,533 --> 00:11:55,200 20% research, and they've allowed me to use a nominal 5% 240 00:11:55,300 --> 00:11:58,700 to serve as the director of the collection, 241 00:11:58,800 --> 00:12:00,666 and I listed a couple of groups there 242 00:12:00,766 --> 00:12:03,300 that I do most of my research with. 243 00:12:05,666 --> 00:12:07,466 Ironically, we've managed to have 244 00:12:07,566 --> 00:12:09,233 the same number of curators. 245 00:12:09,333 --> 00:12:13,966 So the director in our particular situation 246 00:12:14,066 --> 00:12:20,833 oversees the general planning and brainstorming 247 00:12:20,933 --> 00:12:24,033 of where the collection is and where it's headed, 248 00:12:24,133 --> 00:12:26,666 tries desperately, usually unsuccessfully, 249 00:12:26,766 --> 00:12:29,233 to find money to keep things going, 250 00:12:29,333 --> 00:12:31,800 and works very closely with the curator. 251 00:12:31,900 --> 00:12:35,000 The curator is the person that you'd be likely to find there 252 00:12:35,100 --> 00:12:39,700 on a day-to-day basis making all those plans happen. 253 00:12:39,800 --> 00:12:43,933 So Lutz Bayer was there from '68 to '73, 254 00:12:44,033 --> 00:12:48,233 John Baker, '73 to '78, both fairly short-tenured, 255 00:12:48,333 --> 00:12:53,200 Steve Krauth the opposite, 1978 to 2013, 256 00:12:53,300 --> 00:12:56,266 now an emeritus curator and still lives up in my lab, 257 00:12:56,366 --> 00:12:58,500 comes in pretty much every day. 258 00:12:58,600 --> 00:13:03,800 And then our current curator is Dr. Craig Brabant, 259 00:13:03,900 --> 00:13:05,733 who was actually a student of mine. 260 00:13:07,400 --> 00:13:11,266 He was interim right when Steve retired. 261 00:13:11,366 --> 00:13:15,733 Literally the day the position vacancy announcement 262 00:13:15,833 --> 00:13:20,533 was set forth was the same exact day that the university 263 00:13:20,633 --> 00:13:22,600 put a hiring freeze on. 264 00:13:22,700 --> 00:13:26,100 So Craig was sort of interim for two years, 265 00:13:26,200 --> 00:13:29,133 and we were able to get that position back 266 00:13:29,233 --> 00:13:31,266 with a lot of clawing and struggling. 267 00:13:32,566 --> 00:13:36,266 So since 2015 he's been full-time curator. 268 00:13:36,366 --> 00:13:38,133 He works on wasps. 269 00:13:38,233 --> 00:13:40,900 The group that he works on is the family Mutillidae, 270 00:13:41,000 --> 00:13:43,000 which are the velvet ants. 271 00:13:43,100 --> 00:13:45,966 Craig and his significant other just got back 272 00:13:46,066 --> 00:13:49,800 from a conference, an international conference in Japan 273 00:13:49,900 --> 00:13:53,200 Sunday, Saturday, Sunday, Monday. 274 00:13:57,166 --> 00:14:00,400 Some of the associates, and I'm not going to be able to mention 275 00:14:00,500 --> 00:14:04,433 nearly all of them, but some of our primary ones, 276 00:14:04,533 --> 00:14:07,433 Byron Buckley is actually a retired veterinarian 277 00:14:07,533 --> 00:14:09,166 that lives out in Deerfield. 278 00:14:09,266 --> 00:14:13,366 He does a lot of preparation, is also an amateur Coleopterist, 279 00:14:13,466 --> 00:14:17,433 so he's helped me a lot with moving some of my material that I've collected 280 00:14:17,533 --> 00:14:21,500 into a stage where it can actually be identified, 281 00:14:21,600 --> 00:14:24,333 mounted, labeled, and identified. 282 00:14:24,433 --> 00:14:27,333 Jeff Gruber, so Jeff Gruber started out 283 00:14:27,433 --> 00:14:30,166 as a master's student with me working on a group of beetles, 284 00:14:30,266 --> 00:14:34,500 and just couldn't quite get to the point 285 00:14:34,600 --> 00:14:36,700 where he wanted to actually get serious enough 286 00:14:36,800 --> 00:14:39,966 to do the research and do the publishing. 287 00:14:40,066 --> 00:14:41,966 But he's an insane collector. 288 00:14:42,066 --> 00:14:44,000 He's the guy that you either would definitely 289 00:14:44,100 --> 00:14:45,800 want to go fishing with, 290 00:14:45,900 --> 00:14:49,066 or you would never want to be in the same boat with, 291 00:14:49,166 --> 00:14:51,233 'cause if you show it to him and say, 292 00:14:51,333 --> 00:14:54,633 I want some of these, he will find them no matter what it is, 293 00:14:54,733 --> 00:14:57,066 if it's a beetle, a fly, a wasp, or anything. 294 00:14:57,166 --> 00:14:59,833 He's got the only one of umpteen things 295 00:14:59,933 --> 00:15:01,766 that are in our collection. 296 00:15:02,866 --> 00:15:07,366 Jeff has also done a lot more these days with photography, 297 00:15:07,466 --> 00:15:10,300 which he's taken up, which is a lot easier to manage 298 00:15:10,400 --> 00:15:12,233 than collecting and killing and pinning 299 00:15:12,333 --> 00:15:14,433 and mounting and labeling, I guess. 300 00:15:14,533 --> 00:15:16,900 Kyle Johnson, another former student of mine, 301 00:15:17,000 --> 00:15:21,133 just got back from Canada and Alaska 302 00:15:21,233 --> 00:15:24,500 and works on largely alpine 303 00:15:24,600 --> 00:15:27,833 and also bog-related butterflies. 304 00:15:29,266 --> 00:15:31,966 Current student Ann Marsh works on a group of beetles, 305 00:15:32,066 --> 00:15:34,566 a sub-family of, Staphylinoidea. 306 00:15:34,666 --> 00:15:37,266 So Coleoptera, the largest family, 307 00:15:37,366 --> 00:15:39,266 I mean the largest order of anything on the planet. 308 00:15:39,366 --> 00:15:43,400 The largest family within that order is the Staphylinoidea. 309 00:15:43,500 --> 00:15:45,466 These are the rove beetles. 310 00:15:45,566 --> 00:15:47,900 And when Ann said she wanted to work on rove beetles, 311 00:15:48,000 --> 00:15:49,566 I said, no way. 312 00:15:49,666 --> 00:15:52,866 There's like 65,000 species of these things. 313 00:15:52,966 --> 00:15:55,566 You're not going to work on those for a master's. 314 00:15:55,666 --> 00:16:00,566 But we did find one sub-family, and the Tachyporines, 315 00:16:00,666 --> 00:16:02,933 which actually there's a pretty good literature on, 316 00:16:03,033 --> 00:16:04,900 because a Canadian worked on them quite a bit. 317 00:16:05,000 --> 00:16:08,633 So she's working on a faunistic survey of the state 318 00:16:08,733 --> 00:16:10,833 to give us a better idea, a better baseline 319 00:16:10,933 --> 00:16:12,733 of what's here in Wisconsin. 320 00:16:13,866 --> 00:16:17,366 Another former student is an undergrad, Robert Otto, 321 00:16:17,466 --> 00:16:20,433 didn't do any graduate work here, but he's probably published more 322 00:16:20,533 --> 00:16:24,333 than any of my grad students, probably all of them combined. 323 00:16:24,433 --> 00:16:29,500 He works on a relatively modest-sized family of beetles 324 00:16:29,600 --> 00:16:32,466 that look a lot like click beetles, but aren't. 325 00:16:32,566 --> 00:16:34,966 Keri Steiger, another one of my former students, 326 00:16:35,066 --> 00:16:37,533 worked on a group of longhorn beetles. 327 00:16:37,633 --> 00:16:40,400 Jackie Wisnat, that's one, two, three, 328 00:16:40,500 --> 00:16:43,800 four, five, six, or seven rows back there, 329 00:16:43,900 --> 00:16:47,466 my newest student, and she will be 330 00:16:47,566 --> 00:16:51,000 getting really, really, really serious with a proposal, 331 00:16:51,100 --> 00:16:53,200 and she's going to be working, like Ann, 332 00:16:53,300 --> 00:16:56,166 a faunistic survey of the family Tetratomidae, 333 00:16:56,266 --> 00:16:57,900 relatively small family of beetles, 334 00:16:58,000 --> 00:17:00,466 again, with a pretty good literature base. 335 00:17:00,566 --> 00:17:02,200 These are fungus feeders, 336 00:17:02,300 --> 00:17:05,766 and Jackie's fresh off from a good fungus course 337 00:17:05,866 --> 00:17:07,966 that we had here last semester, 338 00:17:08,066 --> 00:17:10,500 so she'll be able to make a nice marriage 339 00:17:10,600 --> 00:17:13,700 between her knowledge of fungi and the beetles. 340 00:17:13,800 --> 00:17:17,466 And then lastly, Andrew Williams, on my list. 341 00:17:17,566 --> 00:17:19,400 Andrew is an honorary fellow. 342 00:17:19,500 --> 00:17:23,633 He's sort of a prairie insect enthusiast. 343 00:17:27,966 --> 00:17:33,033 Housing, so we moved into Russell Labs in 1963, 344 00:17:33,133 --> 00:17:36,000 so I guess it was destined to have some remodeling done. 345 00:17:37,466 --> 00:17:41,700 Our space on the third floor occupies 1,141 square feet. 346 00:17:41,800 --> 00:17:47,100 Now, I put in here that approximately 830 square feet 347 00:17:47,200 --> 00:17:51,066 has been allocated to the actual cabinetry footprint. 348 00:17:51,166 --> 00:17:53,600 That's actually probably a little bit larger now. 349 00:17:53,700 --> 00:17:55,300 I didn't go back and remeasure it. 350 00:17:55,400 --> 00:17:58,566 But Craig, Dr. Brabant's been very, very good 351 00:17:58,666 --> 00:18:02,133 at squishing space, which is something we very much 352 00:18:02,233 --> 00:18:04,000 always need around here. 353 00:18:05,100 --> 00:18:07,466 Who decided that building a capitol on an isthmus 354 00:18:07,566 --> 00:18:09,200 was a great idea, 355 00:18:09,300 --> 00:18:11,266 and then putting a massive university there? 356 00:18:12,233 --> 00:18:14,366 Anyway. 357 00:18:14,466 --> 00:18:17,533 So we have always been struggling for space 358 00:18:17,633 --> 00:18:18,966 to accommodate our growth, 359 00:18:19,066 --> 00:18:20,933 because we are not a static collection at all. 360 00:18:21,033 --> 00:18:24,700 We grow very, very consistently throughout the years, 361 00:18:24,800 --> 00:18:26,466 especially since I've been director, 362 00:18:26,566 --> 00:18:28,300 because we have a lot of students, 363 00:18:28,400 --> 00:18:30,166 we have a lot of work going on, 364 00:18:30,266 --> 00:18:33,966 and we're not just a dust ball sort of a collection. 365 00:18:34,066 --> 00:18:38,966 So in addition to our space that we have here, 366 00:18:39,066 --> 00:18:41,533 we've got a small storage space in the basement, 367 00:18:41,633 --> 00:18:43,100 which is largely where we keep 368 00:18:43,200 --> 00:18:46,366 collecting gear and things like that, 369 00:18:46,466 --> 00:18:49,500 a very small storage space out at the West Madison Farms 370 00:18:49,600 --> 00:18:51,500 in one of the outbuildings. 371 00:18:51,600 --> 00:18:53,633 On the first floor right now 372 00:18:53,733 --> 00:18:55,600 between the two teaching labs that we have, 373 00:18:55,700 --> 00:18:57,766 there's a little lab where we have 374 00:18:57,866 --> 00:19:00,333 one of our imaging systems that we use 375 00:19:00,433 --> 00:19:02,833 for taking good pictures. 376 00:19:04,866 --> 00:19:06,466 But we've updated that, 377 00:19:06,566 --> 00:19:08,266 and we now have another imaging system 378 00:19:08,366 --> 00:19:09,833 up in the main collection, as well, 379 00:19:09,933 --> 00:19:12,066 which we'll peek at here briefly. 380 00:19:13,366 --> 00:19:17,233 So yeah, we have dedicated space 381 00:19:17,333 --> 00:19:20,066 by the department and college as a collecting facility. 382 00:19:20,166 --> 00:19:22,533 We have a space, and again, I'll show you some pictures 383 00:19:22,633 --> 00:19:26,066 of these things, where we could house a few researchers. 384 00:19:26,166 --> 00:19:28,433 Sometimes these are undergraduates or graduate students 385 00:19:28,533 --> 00:19:30,866 that are volunteering, sometimes they're visiting scientists 386 00:19:30,966 --> 00:19:32,400 that spend some time with us. 387 00:19:32,500 --> 00:19:35,600 And we also have an office for the curator, 388 00:19:35,700 --> 00:19:40,366 a small library of some of our resources. 389 00:19:40,466 --> 00:19:42,933 Steenbock, of course, is right next door, so that's handy, 390 00:19:43,033 --> 00:19:45,300 and every third thing these days is digitized, 391 00:19:45,400 --> 00:19:47,333 so that makes it pretty handy too, 392 00:19:47,433 --> 00:19:50,400 and then that imaging facility that I'll show you. 393 00:19:50,500 --> 00:19:52,966 So our major holdings now are a whole bunch of names 394 00:19:53,066 --> 00:19:54,466 that won't mean anything to you, 395 00:19:54,566 --> 00:19:58,966 but suffice to say, we have a lot of additional areas 396 00:19:59,066 --> 00:20:02,333 that we have expanded to accommodate now, as well. 397 00:20:02,433 --> 00:20:05,766 I'm one floor up, my office and my suite of offices 398 00:20:05,866 --> 00:20:07,400 and labs space where my grad students are 399 00:20:07,500 --> 00:20:09,900 is one floor up in the fourth floor. 400 00:20:12,100 --> 00:20:16,733 So in addition to our space that we have in Russell, 401 00:20:16,833 --> 00:20:21,233 as I said, over the years, we did all that we could. 402 00:20:21,333 --> 00:20:24,100 I think most of my floor burns from my knees are gone 403 00:20:24,200 --> 00:20:26,766 from begging the college for more space, 404 00:20:26,866 --> 00:20:30,800 but there was, in the stock pavilion, 405 00:20:30,900 --> 00:20:35,766 which is still a stock pavilion, there is a third floor 406 00:20:35,866 --> 00:20:38,800 that had become, basically, 407 00:20:38,900 --> 00:20:44,466 a warehouse for things that people didn't want anymore. 408 00:20:46,233 --> 00:20:50,566 Yeah, there's that place in Hogwarts kind of like that, right? 409 00:20:50,666 --> 00:20:55,566 So we were able-- Well, one of the deans 410 00:20:55,666 --> 00:21:01,466 walked me over and said, you know, do you have a vision? 411 00:21:01,566 --> 00:21:03,433 (laughter) 412 00:21:03,533 --> 00:21:06,166 Well, I'm not that tall, so seeing over all this stuff 413 00:21:06,266 --> 00:21:10,866 was the first problem, but that is the space. 414 00:21:10,966 --> 00:21:14,566 We were able to get a couple of different pools of money, 415 00:21:14,666 --> 00:21:17,433 and the college and some of the other departments around 416 00:21:17,533 --> 00:21:19,066 were very helpful to us, 417 00:21:19,166 --> 00:21:21,700 and physical plant was helpful, as well. 418 00:21:21,800 --> 00:21:24,366 Basically, we were able to clean out that space, 419 00:21:24,466 --> 00:21:27,533 remodel the third floor of the stock pavilion, 420 00:21:27,633 --> 00:21:29,933 and this is what you see right now 421 00:21:30,033 --> 00:21:33,033 It functionally opened in 2010. 422 00:21:33,133 --> 00:21:37,833 Compared to the other side, to the Russell Lab facility, 423 00:21:37,933 --> 00:21:42,300 this looks a whole lot more jumbled up, because it is. 424 00:21:42,400 --> 00:21:45,333 It's a vastly larger space. 425 00:21:45,433 --> 00:21:49,166 It quadruples our potential footprint. 426 00:21:49,266 --> 00:21:52,266 But it also houses, pretty much all the cabinetry 427 00:21:52,366 --> 00:21:54,766 and boxes that you see there are all 428 00:21:54,866 --> 00:21:57,333 those disgusting Lepidoptera, 429 00:21:57,433 --> 00:22:01,166 which is the last major group of insects 430 00:22:01,266 --> 00:22:06,000 that we have to reorganize, to re-catalog, 431 00:22:06,100 --> 00:22:10,366 to reclassify, and so that's our major task 432 00:22:10,466 --> 00:22:12,900 that basically is underway right now. 433 00:22:14,333 --> 00:22:18,133 There's also back this way a room that we will dedicate 434 00:22:18,233 --> 00:22:21,400 to a reference room that'll have a little bit more sizable 435 00:22:21,500 --> 00:22:23,433 library and reprints and things of that nature, 436 00:22:23,533 --> 00:22:25,433 a place for people to study. 437 00:22:25,533 --> 00:22:29,600 And again, what we did was we divided that room so that 438 00:22:29,700 --> 00:22:35,866 the massive order of insects that's over in the annex, 439 00:22:35,966 --> 00:22:39,300 which we typically refer to that space 440 00:22:39,400 --> 00:22:42,700 in the stock pavilion, houses the Lepidoptera, 441 00:22:42,800 --> 00:22:45,100 you know, butterflies and moths. 442 00:22:45,200 --> 00:22:47,666 There are micros that you can hardly see. 443 00:22:47,766 --> 00:22:51,133 But a lot of butterflies and moths are grossly large, 444 00:22:51,233 --> 00:22:56,033 for insects, small for mammals, but large for insects, 445 00:22:56,133 --> 00:22:58,333 and they take up a lot of room. 446 00:22:58,433 --> 00:23:00,100 So in order to build that collection, 447 00:23:00,200 --> 00:23:02,766 we have to have a lot of space available. 448 00:23:02,866 --> 00:23:06,966 We had the potential of acquiring one of the best 449 00:23:07,066 --> 00:23:10,433 collections of hummingbird moths in the state, 450 00:23:10,533 --> 00:23:13,366 and we had to turn it down, because we didn't have room for it. 451 00:23:13,466 --> 00:23:16,600 That was some years ago, and it went to the Milwaukee Public Museum. 452 00:23:16,700 --> 00:23:18,766 But we're now in a much better shape 453 00:23:18,866 --> 00:23:21,466 to take on new collections, but at any rate, 454 00:23:21,566 --> 00:23:23,566 the real, real large order of insects 455 00:23:23,666 --> 00:23:26,900 that's over in the annex is the Lepidoptera, butterflies and moths. 456 00:23:27,000 --> 00:23:29,700 But also, we acquired, when he retired, 457 00:23:29,800 --> 00:23:32,033 the Hilsenhoff aquatic insect collection. 458 00:23:32,133 --> 00:23:35,200 This is a massive collection of aquatic insects, 459 00:23:35,300 --> 00:23:38,500 almost entirely from Wisconsin. 460 00:23:38,600 --> 00:23:40,733 Bill Hilsenhoff spent his whole career here, 461 00:23:40,833 --> 00:23:43,266 his undergraduate, his graduate, his faculty time 462 00:23:43,366 --> 00:23:45,300 all was at the UW-Madison. 463 00:23:45,400 --> 00:23:47,400 When he retired, I took over his space, 464 00:23:47,500 --> 00:23:51,466 so 445 were his digs eons ago. 465 00:23:51,566 --> 00:23:56,800 And literally, if it rained hard and there was a mud puddle, 466 00:23:56,900 --> 00:23:58,800 he probably collected there. 467 00:23:58,900 --> 00:24:01,233 If it was aquatic, he probably collected there. 468 00:24:01,333 --> 00:24:03,866 Anywhere in the state there's probably been stuff 469 00:24:03,966 --> 00:24:05,933 that Hilsenhoff collected. 470 00:24:08,100 --> 00:24:11,333 So those are largely research spaces. 471 00:24:11,433 --> 00:24:14,500 In addition to that, it's under our purview 472 00:24:14,600 --> 00:24:18,100 to also maintain and manage our instructional collections, 473 00:24:18,200 --> 00:24:19,700 our teaching collections. 474 00:24:19,800 --> 00:24:24,500 So our teaching laboratories are rooms 147 and 153 475 00:24:24,600 --> 00:24:27,200 in Russell Labs, and this is a shot just looking 476 00:24:27,300 --> 00:24:32,100 at the entryway to 153, where a few of our cabinets are 477 00:24:32,200 --> 00:24:34,266 that house our teaching collections 478 00:24:34,366 --> 00:24:37,566 that support our introductory entomology, 479 00:24:37,666 --> 00:24:40,733 our taxonomy courses, our medical entomology course, 480 00:24:40,833 --> 00:24:44,933 economic entomology, courses where we're going to use specimens 481 00:24:45,033 --> 00:24:46,700 with students to help teach. 482 00:24:46,800 --> 00:24:51,800 So that's about equivalent of 15 24-drawer cabinets. 483 00:24:54,500 --> 00:24:56,466 Some of our outreach materials are also, 484 00:24:56,566 --> 00:24:59,933 when we go out to schools and whatnot. 485 00:25:01,400 --> 00:25:03,766 So taxonomic scope and strengths, 486 00:25:03,866 --> 00:25:08,866 as was noted, we have probably over 3 million specimens now. 487 00:25:09,933 --> 00:25:11,666 I challenge any of you 488 00:25:11,766 --> 00:25:13,966 to dispute the number. 489 00:25:14,066 --> 00:25:17,400 (laughter) 490 00:25:17,500 --> 00:25:22,300 But we have probably almost double that, 491 00:25:22,400 --> 00:25:26,166 probably over, in excess of 5 million specimens 492 00:25:26,266 --> 00:25:29,200 that are what we call bulk specimens. 493 00:25:29,300 --> 00:25:32,566 So when we go out and collect, typically, 494 00:25:32,666 --> 00:25:35,566 I mean, you probably can think of, you know, 495 00:25:35,666 --> 00:25:38,933 the crazy dude with Coke bottle glasses on, and the white lab coat, 496 00:25:39,033 --> 00:25:41,700 stumbling through the meadows with a net. 497 00:25:41,800 --> 00:25:43,166 That would be Kyle. 498 00:25:43,266 --> 00:25:44,733 He would kind of do that probably. 499 00:25:44,833 --> 00:25:47,000 But most of us don't collect that way. 500 00:25:47,100 --> 00:25:51,266 Most of us use fairly large trapping systems 501 00:25:51,366 --> 00:25:53,733 that actively or passively trap insects 502 00:25:53,833 --> 00:25:55,433 that are coming through. 503 00:25:55,533 --> 00:25:58,633 So when we do that, you accumulate 504 00:25:58,733 --> 00:26:01,566 massive amounts of material, 505 00:26:01,666 --> 00:26:07,700 and so a jar, a single jar from a single week's collection 506 00:26:07,800 --> 00:26:10,633 may have thousands of specimens, 507 00:26:10,733 --> 00:26:12,333 and they're way too good to throw away, 508 00:26:12,433 --> 00:26:14,566 even though you're probably only looking, really, 509 00:26:14,666 --> 00:26:17,300 for one or two things in that jar. 510 00:26:17,400 --> 00:26:21,566 So everything else gets bulked into ethyl alcohol, 511 00:26:21,666 --> 00:26:25,533 where it waits for the next person to be interested in it 512 00:26:25,633 --> 00:26:28,366 or to do some more sorting of it and things like that. 513 00:26:28,466 --> 00:26:33,033 So that is a massive backlog that we will always have. 514 00:26:39,400 --> 00:26:42,433 So as I said, our historical and current strengths, 515 00:26:42,533 --> 00:26:44,333 Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, 516 00:26:44,433 --> 00:26:46,200 I mentioned also the wasps, 517 00:26:46,300 --> 00:26:48,733 the bees and wasps of the Hymenoptera. 518 00:26:48,833 --> 00:26:52,633 Wasps get a lot of attention in relatively recent days, 519 00:26:52,733 --> 00:26:55,133 because a lot of them are parasitoids 520 00:26:55,233 --> 00:26:58,166 of economically significant insects, 521 00:26:58,266 --> 00:26:59,866 so they're the good guys, 522 00:26:59,966 --> 00:27:03,900 and so people need to know what in the world they are 523 00:27:04,000 --> 00:27:05,833 in order to study their biology, 524 00:27:05,933 --> 00:27:07,866 so understanding the taxonomy of them 525 00:27:07,966 --> 00:27:09,366 is incredibly important, 526 00:27:09,466 --> 00:27:11,366 so that you put this parasitoid together 527 00:27:11,466 --> 00:27:13,433 with this particular group of problems 528 00:27:13,533 --> 00:27:15,900 and can figure out what's going on. 529 00:27:18,900 --> 00:27:24,200 Also, even more recently, the pollinators, 530 00:27:24,300 --> 00:27:28,933 the bees and some of the wasps are incredibly important, 531 00:27:29,033 --> 00:27:31,833 significant, and much maligned 532 00:27:31,933 --> 00:27:34,466 by the way we've been treating the planet. 533 00:27:35,466 --> 00:27:38,633 So interest has really, really swelled 534 00:27:38,733 --> 00:27:40,666 with what do we have out there 535 00:27:40,766 --> 00:27:43,200 in the way of native pollinators 536 00:27:43,300 --> 00:27:46,566 and also those vagabond pollinators like the honey bee, 537 00:27:46,666 --> 00:27:49,833 which, of course, is not native to the US at all. 538 00:27:51,166 --> 00:27:53,766 Diptera, by virtue of the fact they're just so cool, 539 00:27:53,866 --> 00:27:56,433 if I didn't work on beetles, I'd probably work on flies, 540 00:27:56,533 --> 00:27:59,633 but also the medical significance is massive. 541 00:27:59,733 --> 00:28:03,366 And we have a brand new, highly-funded center 542 00:28:03,466 --> 00:28:09,500 for study of, particularly blood-feeding Diptera, 543 00:28:09,600 --> 00:28:11,866 mosquitoes and so on, and ticks as well, 544 00:28:11,966 --> 00:28:13,600 which aren't insects, but-- 545 00:28:18,366 --> 00:28:21,866 So all of that... 546 00:28:23,100 --> 00:28:25,733 Yeah, all of that 547 00:28:25,833 --> 00:28:29,633 and again, 21,000 specimens per year in recent years, 548 00:28:29,733 --> 00:28:31,766 that's a dorky average. 549 00:28:31,866 --> 00:28:36,200 I mean, look at the jars, take a cubic inch, 550 00:28:36,300 --> 00:28:40,233 and extrapolate it, and it's a silly number, 551 00:28:40,333 --> 00:28:41,933 it's not a real number, 552 00:28:42,033 --> 00:28:45,966 but it's mainly meant to tell you 553 00:28:46,066 --> 00:28:48,200 that it's a very active collection, 554 00:28:48,300 --> 00:28:51,433 that there certainly are a number of collections out there 555 00:28:51,533 --> 00:28:53,300 that are basically mothballed. 556 00:28:53,400 --> 00:28:55,233 They're cared for, but they don't grow. 557 00:28:55,333 --> 00:28:57,633 They're relatively stagnant. 558 00:28:57,733 --> 00:28:59,500 Ours is definitely not that. 559 00:29:00,633 --> 00:29:03,366 So some of our noteworthy holdings, 560 00:29:03,466 --> 00:29:07,166 as I mentioned, our first director, Charles Fluke, 561 00:29:07,266 --> 00:29:11,066 he was a specialist on that group of flies, 562 00:29:11,166 --> 00:29:15,700 the syrphid flies, hover flies, or flower flies, 563 00:29:15,800 --> 00:29:17,633 because you usually find them in flowers. 564 00:29:17,733 --> 00:29:20,800 No, that's not a wasp, that's a fly. 565 00:29:20,900 --> 00:29:23,733 They tend to very commonly mimic wasps. 566 00:29:23,833 --> 00:29:28,366 And if you really get to the point you know the difference, you can show off. 567 00:29:28,466 --> 00:29:30,466 You can go out there and grab with your hand, 568 00:29:30,566 --> 00:29:32,200 and if you're with somebody, they'll be freaking out 569 00:29:32,300 --> 00:29:35,166 that you're trying to collect a wasp with your hand. 570 00:29:35,266 --> 00:29:37,300 Make sure you get pretty good at it. 571 00:29:37,400 --> 00:29:39,433 (laughter) 572 00:29:39,533 --> 00:29:42,266 It's a little embarrassing when you suddenly get stung, but-- 573 00:29:42,366 --> 00:29:45,433 This one particular family of flies, 574 00:29:45,533 --> 00:29:49,533 we have over 16,000 specimens in our collection, 575 00:29:49,633 --> 00:29:53,266 and as I said, it's probably just about the best 576 00:29:53,366 --> 00:29:56,266 in North America, probably even better than the Smithsonian, 577 00:29:56,366 --> 00:29:59,300 and one of the best in the world. 578 00:29:59,400 --> 00:30:02,000 In fact, one of the syrphid specialists 579 00:30:02,100 --> 00:30:04,066 who retired from the Smithsonian 580 00:30:04,166 --> 00:30:06,633 commonly would be asking us for stuff. 581 00:30:08,200 --> 00:30:12,066 The Marshall Collection, I haven't been able to find out 582 00:30:12,166 --> 00:30:14,066 just a whole lot about Marshall. 583 00:30:14,166 --> 00:30:17,500 He was a faculty member in the zoology department, 584 00:30:17,600 --> 00:30:22,800 and a lot of the nucleus of our collection came from him, 585 00:30:22,900 --> 00:30:28,566 and also from his bandying back and forth with other folks. 586 00:30:28,666 --> 00:30:32,500 A lot of collectors will trade material with other people. 587 00:30:32,600 --> 00:30:34,366 I got some cool stuff from Wisconsin, 588 00:30:34,466 --> 00:30:37,266 you got some cool stuff from Missouri, why don't we switch stuff, 589 00:30:37,366 --> 00:30:39,500 and we'll get more species and so on. 590 00:30:39,600 --> 00:30:43,800 So the nucleus of our collection is probably 591 00:30:43,900 --> 00:30:45,300 largely from Marshall. 592 00:30:45,400 --> 00:30:48,100 There aren't too many insect drawers in our collection 593 00:30:48,200 --> 00:30:50,700 that you can open up without finding Marshall's name 594 00:30:50,800 --> 00:30:52,566 popping up here and there. 595 00:30:53,700 --> 00:30:56,633 Gene DeFoliart was a medical entomologist 596 00:30:56,733 --> 00:30:58,700 and on-and-off chair of the department 597 00:30:58,800 --> 00:31:00,600 a couple of different times. 598 00:31:01,633 --> 00:31:07,466 He worked largely on mosquitoes, so Culicidae, mosquitoes. 599 00:31:07,566 --> 00:31:09,566 We've got a fairly substantial collection 600 00:31:09,666 --> 00:31:14,433 of wet and dry alcohol-preserved slide-mounted 601 00:31:14,533 --> 00:31:16,866 Chloropidae, you know those little gnats 602 00:31:16,966 --> 00:31:19,400 that just like to hang around your eyes, 603 00:31:19,500 --> 00:31:20,900 sort of eye-gnat things? 604 00:31:21,000 --> 00:31:22,866 Those are chloropids, and there actually are a few 605 00:31:22,966 --> 00:31:26,933 in the tropics that will transmit some pathogens. 606 00:31:27,033 --> 00:31:29,933 None of ours do, but they still bother you. 607 00:31:31,233 --> 00:31:34,333 And he also, and I didn't really know this 608 00:31:34,433 --> 00:31:35,833 until a little bit more recently, 609 00:31:35,933 --> 00:31:37,866 but he started out like a lot of entomologists, 610 00:31:37,966 --> 00:31:40,333 as a stupid Lepidopterist. 611 00:31:40,433 --> 00:31:44,366 And he actually did a lot of his work 612 00:31:44,466 --> 00:31:49,300 as a student in Wyoming and actually published 613 00:31:49,400 --> 00:31:52,500 a paper on the butterflies of Wyoming. 614 00:31:52,600 --> 00:31:58,366 And when he died, his daughter contacted us and said, 615 00:31:58,466 --> 00:32:00,700 you know, my dad had all these cabinets. 616 00:32:00,800 --> 00:32:02,600 I said, yeah, I remember seeing them at the house. 617 00:32:02,700 --> 00:32:05,233 You couldn't miss them. You even like almost stumbled over them. 618 00:32:05,333 --> 00:32:06,733 He was very proud of them. 619 00:32:06,833 --> 00:32:08,633 And I thought they all had mosquitoes in them, 620 00:32:08,733 --> 00:32:10,866 but they were large, and they had a massive number 621 00:32:10,966 --> 00:32:15,033 of these specimens that are historically very significant 622 00:32:15,133 --> 00:32:17,900 because of the age and the fact that a lot of these places 623 00:32:18,000 --> 00:32:19,700 are now corn. 624 00:32:21,133 --> 00:32:23,800 So we acquired that collection 625 00:32:23,900 --> 00:32:26,933 of more than 5,000 specimens of butterflies. 626 00:32:28,266 --> 00:32:32,333 Bob Dick was also, he was largely, I guess, 627 00:32:32,433 --> 00:32:34,000 it's hard to pin some of these folks down, 628 00:32:34,100 --> 00:32:36,933 but he was largely a morphologist. 629 00:32:37,033 --> 00:32:39,933 He put together a ginormous manuscript 630 00:32:40,033 --> 00:32:43,566 on morphology of insects, never published it. 631 00:32:43,666 --> 00:32:46,800 But he also did a lot of work on mosquitoes. 632 00:32:46,900 --> 00:32:50,233 So we have approximately 14,000 mounted 633 00:32:50,333 --> 00:32:53,400 and 6,000 slides of mosquitoes from him. 634 00:32:55,700 --> 00:33:00,400 There was a worker named Dennis that actually was at Whitewater. 635 00:33:00,500 --> 00:33:02,266 He was a faculty member at Whitewater, 636 00:33:02,366 --> 00:33:06,433 and he collected tree hoppers. 637 00:33:07,800 --> 00:33:11,133 The little guys you see, image there, are tree hoppers. 638 00:33:11,233 --> 00:33:12,800 They're in the order Hemeptera. 639 00:33:12,900 --> 00:33:16,933 And we have a large number, roughly 10,000 specimens 640 00:33:17,033 --> 00:33:19,500 that came to us from Whitewater. 641 00:33:19,600 --> 00:33:21,100 I mentioned the Hilsenhoff collection, 642 00:33:21,200 --> 00:33:24,700 almost 200,000 specimens, aquatic insects, 643 00:33:24,800 --> 00:33:27,900 and again, mostly Wisconsin material. 644 00:33:28,000 --> 00:33:31,200 Walt Suter was faculty member at Kenosha College, 645 00:33:31,300 --> 00:33:34,666 and we ended up getting a fair amount of his stuff, 646 00:33:34,766 --> 00:33:39,500 some went elsewhere, but we have about 24 drawers 647 00:33:39,600 --> 00:33:41,866 of material that Suter collected. 648 00:33:41,966 --> 00:33:46,233 Towards the end of his lifetime, he did a lot of survey work 649 00:33:46,333 --> 00:33:49,200 up in Waushara County, and we got an extensive amount 650 00:33:49,300 --> 00:33:51,600 of material from him. 651 00:33:51,700 --> 00:33:54,600 Another one of these enthusiasts, 652 00:33:54,700 --> 00:33:58,133 just sort of came out of the blue, Gary Lachmund, 653 00:33:58,233 --> 00:34:01,066 he was in New York, and he contacted us and said, 654 00:34:01,166 --> 00:34:04,366 you know, I have some heartstrings in Wisconsin, 655 00:34:04,466 --> 00:34:07,300 grew up in southeastern Wisconsin, 656 00:34:07,400 --> 00:34:14,100 so his collection of almost 700 specimens of one genus 657 00:34:14,200 --> 00:34:20,400 of moths came to us, and that is historically significant, 658 00:34:20,500 --> 00:34:23,200 because most of those localities don't exist anymore. 659 00:34:23,300 --> 00:34:26,866 And what few do, probably won't before long. 660 00:34:28,600 --> 00:34:31,800 There are two workers that are revising, 661 00:34:31,900 --> 00:34:34,433 that are taxonomically revising this group, 662 00:34:34,533 --> 00:34:36,566 this genus of moths, 663 00:34:36,666 --> 00:34:39,600 and they have spent weeks and weeks and weeks here 664 00:34:39,700 --> 00:34:42,633 on and off, studying his material 665 00:34:42,733 --> 00:34:44,700 and are anxious to get back again, 666 00:34:44,800 --> 00:34:47,766 once we get our imaging system back up and running again, 667 00:34:47,866 --> 00:34:51,133 but again, one of these extremely valuable collections. 668 00:34:52,400 --> 00:34:54,966 I have on and off throughout the years, 669 00:34:55,066 --> 00:34:58,033 just a few thousand at a time each year, 670 00:34:58,133 --> 00:35:00,400 donated my beetle collection, 671 00:35:00,500 --> 00:35:03,533 which is more than 200,000 specimens, 672 00:35:03,633 --> 00:35:07,466 just sort of shove a little bit more towards the collection 673 00:35:07,566 --> 00:35:12,133 each year, and ultimately will be giving most of it to the collection. 674 00:35:12,233 --> 00:35:15,166 The groups that I primarily do my research on, 675 00:35:15,266 --> 00:35:17,366 I'm not sure what I'm going to do with those. 676 00:35:17,466 --> 00:35:24,233 Some may come here, but the two centers for taxonomic research 677 00:35:24,333 --> 00:35:26,233 in the group that I work on primarily 678 00:35:26,333 --> 00:35:28,266 are in London and Paris. 679 00:35:28,366 --> 00:35:31,700 Paris's collection is a mess, even though it's probably 680 00:35:31,800 --> 00:35:34,100 one of the largest ones in the world. 681 00:35:34,200 --> 00:35:37,066 So I'm probably going to donate a lot of that stuff 682 00:35:37,166 --> 00:35:41,000 to the Natural History Museum in London, 683 00:35:41,100 --> 00:35:43,033 which is not the British Museum. 684 00:35:44,066 --> 00:35:47,000 Rosetta Stone, not bugs. (Laughter) 685 00:35:47,100 --> 00:35:49,166 Natural History Museum, bugs. 686 00:35:49,266 --> 00:35:52,033 Down the road from Harrods, Cromwell Road, bugs. 687 00:35:52,133 --> 00:35:56,133 (Laughter) 688 00:35:56,233 --> 00:35:58,033 I don't remember the year. 689 00:35:58,133 --> 00:36:00,500 Wasn't that long ago, out of the blue, again, 690 00:36:00,600 --> 00:36:04,700 St. Joseph College, which is in Rensselaer, Indiana, 691 00:36:04,800 --> 00:36:06,966 decided that, A, they didn't want to keep 692 00:36:07,066 --> 00:36:08,800 their collection anymore, and then shortly after that, 693 00:36:08,900 --> 00:36:11,666 they decided they weren't going to be a university anymore, 694 00:36:11,766 --> 00:36:13,900 so we were able to grab up 695 00:36:14,000 --> 00:36:15,966 the St. Joseph College of Lepidoptera, 696 00:36:16,066 --> 00:36:18,033 which is about 40 drawers of Lepidoptera, 697 00:36:18,133 --> 00:36:20,133 largely from Indiana, 698 00:36:20,233 --> 00:36:22,533 but also some worldwide stuff, as well. 699 00:36:22,633 --> 00:36:24,633 So scope... 700 00:36:28,300 --> 00:36:32,866 bearing in mind the good old tri-part admission 701 00:36:32,966 --> 00:36:36,066 of a land grant university, we serve primarily, 702 00:36:36,166 --> 00:36:38,366 I mean, we are largely to serve you, 703 00:36:38,466 --> 00:36:40,133 the people of Wisconsin. 704 00:36:40,233 --> 00:36:43,133 So our strength is largely Wisconsin. 705 00:36:43,233 --> 00:36:47,133 There's no other place that has more Wisconsin insects 706 00:36:47,233 --> 00:36:48,833 than our collection. 707 00:36:48,933 --> 00:36:52,266 There's really no other definitive research collection 708 00:36:52,366 --> 00:36:56,100 with a primary focus of research in the entire state. 709 00:36:56,200 --> 00:36:57,933 The only one that would come close would be 710 00:36:58,033 --> 00:36:59,600 the Milwaukee Public Museum, 711 00:36:59,700 --> 00:37:02,866 and even that is only largely due to the fact 712 00:37:02,966 --> 00:37:06,800 that the most recent hire is very much interested 713 00:37:06,900 --> 00:37:09,800 in promoting the profile of the research program, 714 00:37:09,900 --> 00:37:11,800 stuff that you would never see if you go 715 00:37:11,900 --> 00:37:13,300 to the Milwaukee Public Museum, 716 00:37:13,400 --> 00:37:15,033 because it's all behind the scenes, 717 00:37:15,133 --> 00:37:17,966 but a very important collection, as well. 718 00:37:19,366 --> 00:37:23,666 But in addition, our secondary area of strength 719 00:37:23,766 --> 00:37:25,533 would be the Great Lakes region. 720 00:37:25,633 --> 00:37:28,266 I did a lot of my work in Michigan, 721 00:37:28,366 --> 00:37:30,733 and all of that stuff is coming here 722 00:37:30,833 --> 00:37:32,566 through dribs and drabs. 723 00:37:32,666 --> 00:37:35,400 We have a large number of folks that are working 724 00:37:35,500 --> 00:37:41,166 in Minnesota, in Manitoba, in Illinois, so we get a lot of that. 725 00:37:41,266 --> 00:37:43,866 So the Great Lakes is certainly a strength of ours, 726 00:37:43,966 --> 00:37:46,400 and particularly the Western Great Lakes. 727 00:37:46,500 --> 00:37:49,233 And then a tertiary strength would be worldwide. 728 00:37:49,333 --> 00:37:52,200 We do have material from all over the world. 729 00:37:52,300 --> 00:37:54,466 In fact, when my curator just came back 730 00:37:54,566 --> 00:37:56,500 from his little meeting in Japan, 731 00:37:56,600 --> 00:37:59,100 he brought me three specimens of the group that I work on. 732 00:37:59,200 --> 00:38:01,666 I was very happy about that. 733 00:38:03,066 --> 00:38:07,466 So digitization, this is the drop-word these days 734 00:38:07,566 --> 00:38:11,100 in what we do in all of natural history, 735 00:38:11,200 --> 00:38:13,633 not only insects, but pretty much everything. 736 00:38:13,733 --> 00:38:15,766 I'm going to be heading to New Zealand in 10 days, 737 00:38:15,866 --> 00:38:18,300 and every other paper's going to be about digitization. 738 00:38:18,400 --> 00:38:21,133 It gets to be incredibly technical and kind of boring, 739 00:38:21,233 --> 00:38:24,566 because I like to look at bugs and real things. 740 00:38:24,666 --> 00:38:27,466 But it is where a lot of 741 00:38:27,566 --> 00:38:29,733 the bang for the buck is these days. 742 00:38:29,833 --> 00:38:33,133 This is that 2020 grant that I mentioned. 743 00:38:33,233 --> 00:38:36,800 So in the lower image, you will see 744 00:38:36,900 --> 00:38:42,233 a shot of our digitizing room, our imaging room. 745 00:38:42,333 --> 00:38:47,433 So we have robotic system, which is shown here. 746 00:38:47,533 --> 00:38:51,233 This came to us as part of a grant that we had 747 00:38:51,333 --> 00:38:53,333 that ran out a couple of years ago. 748 00:38:53,433 --> 00:38:55,366 But this was meant, the idea, 749 00:38:55,466 --> 00:38:57,100 which didn't turn out all that grand, 750 00:38:57,200 --> 00:39:01,466 but the idea was to be able to image entire drawers 751 00:39:01,566 --> 00:39:03,633 of insects at one time. 752 00:39:03,733 --> 00:39:07,233 So that drawer that you see with all those insects 753 00:39:07,333 --> 00:39:09,200 was imaged at one time. 754 00:39:09,300 --> 00:39:11,033 The whole thing was done at one time. 755 00:39:11,133 --> 00:39:14,066 And then you can pan up on that and get pretty good 756 00:39:14,166 --> 00:39:16,733 images of each of those individual specimens. 757 00:39:16,833 --> 00:39:19,166 Trying to take individual images 758 00:39:19,266 --> 00:39:21,400 of more than 3 million specimens 759 00:39:21,500 --> 00:39:26,233 with 21,000 coming in new each year is simply impossible. 760 00:39:26,333 --> 00:39:32,300 You will never even come close to catching up or keeping up. 761 00:39:32,400 --> 00:39:35,066 So this was an idea that we had 762 00:39:35,166 --> 00:39:37,733 with a number of other collections around the country 763 00:39:37,833 --> 00:39:39,633 that said, let's try this. 764 00:39:39,733 --> 00:39:42,700 Let's work with some computer engineers. 765 00:39:42,800 --> 00:39:46,100 These were folks down at the Illinois Natural History survey. 766 00:39:46,200 --> 00:39:49,366 And they came up with after four or five designs 767 00:39:49,466 --> 00:39:52,833 this robot system for imaging drawers. 768 00:39:52,933 --> 00:39:57,100 And Jackie's one of our resident specialists in imaging. 769 00:39:57,200 --> 00:40:01,566 We also have a system back here, 770 00:40:01,666 --> 00:40:03,700 if you can see where I'm pointing, 771 00:40:03,800 --> 00:40:06,600 that's a really, really nice SLR camera 772 00:40:06,700 --> 00:40:10,233 on a rail system so you can take sort of external 773 00:40:10,333 --> 00:40:13,666 CAT scans of insects, and then compile all of those 774 00:40:13,766 --> 00:40:17,533 images together to get extremely high resolution 775 00:40:17,633 --> 00:40:20,733 compacted pictures of insects, which is pretty cool, too. 776 00:40:22,433 --> 00:40:25,900 So our digitization efforts are twofold. 777 00:40:26,000 --> 00:40:29,300 One would be, what does that specimen look like 778 00:40:29,400 --> 00:40:33,233 in some detail, but secondly the data, 779 00:40:33,333 --> 00:40:36,366 the data that are associated with that. 780 00:40:36,466 --> 00:40:39,300 I say and I tell my students this 781 00:40:39,400 --> 00:40:42,333 in Introductory Entomology, a specimen, 782 00:40:42,433 --> 00:40:44,966 whether it's an insect or a herbarium specimen 783 00:40:45,066 --> 00:40:48,833 or a mineral or an artifact from an Indian mound, 784 00:40:48,933 --> 00:40:51,800 those specimens have value to science 785 00:40:51,900 --> 00:40:54,500 from two rather disparate, 786 00:40:54,600 --> 00:40:57,466 but yet totally united points of view. 787 00:40:57,566 --> 00:40:59,500 One is the specimen itself. 788 00:40:59,600 --> 00:41:02,266 What's its anatomy? What's its morphology? 789 00:41:02,366 --> 00:41:04,266 What are those things hanging out? 790 00:41:05,266 --> 00:41:08,100 Secondly, however, are the data. 791 00:41:08,200 --> 00:41:12,166 The data are incredibly important. 792 00:41:12,266 --> 00:41:17,066 Without the data, all you have is a pretty specimen. 793 00:41:17,166 --> 00:41:21,400 It has artistic value, it may have some personal value, 794 00:41:21,500 --> 00:41:23,366 but scientifically, it has no value. 795 00:41:23,466 --> 00:41:25,933 There's no value at all. Specimens come to us, 796 00:41:26,033 --> 00:41:28,566 they could be the coolest looking things in the world, 797 00:41:28,666 --> 00:41:30,300 from some crazy part of the world, 798 00:41:30,400 --> 00:41:33,000 but if they don't have data, they're worthless to us. 799 00:41:33,100 --> 00:41:35,000 We would put them in our outreach collection. 800 00:41:35,100 --> 00:41:36,600 We'd put them in our teaching collection. 801 00:41:36,700 --> 00:41:38,333 We'd say, go show those to some kids, 802 00:41:38,433 --> 00:41:39,966 and they'll be thrilled, 803 00:41:40,066 --> 00:41:42,166 and then they'll break them, and we'll throw them away, 804 00:41:42,266 --> 00:41:43,800 because they have no value without the data, 805 00:41:43,900 --> 00:41:47,000 because it's the data that we pull from those specimens 806 00:41:47,100 --> 00:41:53,933 that tell us what we know about the state of the world. 807 00:41:54,033 --> 00:41:55,866 How things are changing. 808 00:41:57,200 --> 00:41:58,833 How things have evolved. 809 00:41:58,933 --> 00:42:02,200 How things are similar. How things are different. 810 00:42:02,300 --> 00:42:06,966 How phenology is changing. 811 00:42:08,433 --> 00:42:11,000 The date, the place, the time, the events, 812 00:42:11,100 --> 00:42:13,466 all of those things tell us, 813 00:42:13,566 --> 00:42:16,533 they paint a massive picture about what's going on. 814 00:42:17,933 --> 00:42:21,366 So we digitize those pieces of information, as well. 815 00:42:25,166 --> 00:42:28,766 So some of these words you might know, 816 00:42:28,866 --> 00:42:30,666 others you certainly won't. 817 00:42:30,766 --> 00:42:36,533 BIOTA was an early developed digitization software program. 818 00:42:36,633 --> 00:42:41,000 It was originally developed as part of a faunistic study, 819 00:42:41,100 --> 00:42:43,966 a long-term faunistic study in Costa Rica 820 00:42:44,066 --> 00:42:46,900 that was largely butterflies and then plants, 821 00:42:47,000 --> 00:42:48,733 and then it was made more widely available. 822 00:42:48,833 --> 00:42:51,466 We started out trying to do our efforts with that. 823 00:42:51,566 --> 00:42:54,333 It sort of fell off the face of the earth. 824 00:42:54,433 --> 00:42:56,033 Some of you are familiar with FileMaker. 825 00:42:56,133 --> 00:42:58,333 You can put together folders 826 00:42:58,433 --> 00:43:00,766 and make databases with FileMaker. 827 00:43:00,866 --> 00:43:03,166 Excel spreadsheets a lot of people use. 828 00:43:04,166 --> 00:43:06,933 More recently, we've sort of flipped the coin and said, 829 00:43:07,033 --> 00:43:10,366 "You know what we're going to do is we're going to go with this new thing." 830 00:43:10,466 --> 00:43:15,666 Well, new as in 20 years old, called Specify. 831 00:43:15,766 --> 00:43:20,900 It was an NSF-supported product that came out of Kansas 832 00:43:21,000 --> 00:43:23,566 and has been updated, updated, updated all the time. 833 00:43:23,666 --> 00:43:27,033 So we and most of the other 834 00:43:27,133 --> 00:43:29,233 naturalistic collections on campus 835 00:43:29,333 --> 00:43:32,733 use that as a database, as a relational database 836 00:43:32,833 --> 00:43:34,800 to dump all of our information into. 837 00:43:34,900 --> 00:43:40,000 And then that information, so that crazy old label there 838 00:43:40,100 --> 00:43:45,566 from, what is it, 1931 it looks like, May 24th, 1931, 839 00:43:45,666 --> 00:43:52,000 at 4,700 feet in the Cameron Highlands of Malaysia. 840 00:43:52,100 --> 00:43:56,000 All of that information gets entered, 841 00:43:56,100 --> 00:43:58,933 and then it becomes relationally available 842 00:43:59,033 --> 00:44:01,733 to anybody around the world. 843 00:44:01,833 --> 00:44:04,900 And we would find, yeah, there's similar specimens 844 00:44:05,000 --> 00:44:09,433 like that in Indonesia, Malaysia, and then in London, 845 00:44:09,533 --> 00:44:12,466 and wow, all of those came from the same series 846 00:44:12,566 --> 00:44:15,666 that was collected by frickin' Pendlebury back in 1931. 847 00:44:15,766 --> 00:44:17,366 We didn't even know that. 848 00:44:17,466 --> 00:44:20,400 So we can reassemble all of those disparate collections, 849 00:44:20,500 --> 00:44:22,400 and then we can get a better picture 850 00:44:22,500 --> 00:44:25,033 of what things were like in the good old Cameron Highlands 851 00:44:25,133 --> 00:44:27,333 before it became mostly tea... 852 00:44:29,900 --> 00:44:31,466 and palm oil. 853 00:44:31,566 --> 00:44:32,900 Okay. 854 00:44:33,866 --> 00:44:37,366 So, when we enter those data 855 00:44:37,466 --> 00:44:40,333 and get the relationally available, digitized, 856 00:44:40,433 --> 00:44:44,033 we then can export those to other places around the world, 857 00:44:44,133 --> 00:44:48,166 and there's an exporting product called SCAN 858 00:44:48,266 --> 00:44:49,966 that we're beginning to use, 859 00:44:50,066 --> 00:44:52,933 and again, as I mentioned, we are also a participant, 860 00:44:53,033 --> 00:44:56,466 along with most of the other collections on campus, 861 00:44:56,566 --> 00:44:59,233 except for anthropology, in this 2020 initiative. 862 00:45:01,300 --> 00:45:04,566 So some of the things that we've been involved with 863 00:45:04,666 --> 00:45:06,266 and are involved with. 864 00:45:06,366 --> 00:45:10,133 We were co-PI on an NSF-TCN. They love acronyms. 865 00:45:10,233 --> 00:45:13,200 So that's a thematic collection network. 866 00:45:14,666 --> 00:45:16,533 Should be TCN, not TNC. 867 00:45:16,633 --> 00:45:19,366 TCN, Thematic Collection Network. 868 00:45:19,466 --> 00:45:21,966 So what that means is you have a theme, 869 00:45:22,066 --> 00:45:25,266 let's try to robotically digitize our collections 870 00:45:25,366 --> 00:45:27,600 by doing whole drawer images, that's the theme, 871 00:45:27,700 --> 00:45:30,833 and you get a bunch of collections together, all over the country, 872 00:45:30,933 --> 00:45:32,900 all over the world, that say yeah, we want to do that. 873 00:45:33,000 --> 00:45:35,666 And you write a proposal, and then it doesn't get accepted, 874 00:45:35,766 --> 00:45:38,200 and then you rewrite it, and then it doesn't get accepted, 875 00:45:38,300 --> 00:45:41,100 and then you rewrite it a third time, and then maybe it gets accepted, 876 00:45:41,200 --> 00:45:44,666 and then they give you some money, and then you can't do what you want to do, 877 00:45:44,766 --> 00:45:48,700 but anyway, that was InvertNet, invertebrate network. 878 00:45:48,800 --> 00:45:52,200 That's where that robot system came from. 879 00:45:52,300 --> 00:45:55,366 As I mentioned, we are a current participant in SCAN, 880 00:45:55,466 --> 00:45:59,833 which stands for Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network. 881 00:45:59,933 --> 00:46:02,466 That's out of, is that out of Arizona? 882 00:46:02,566 --> 00:46:05,366 Do you remember? New Mexico? 883 00:46:05,466 --> 00:46:09,466 Southwest of here, down southwest of here, 884 00:46:11,433 --> 00:46:14,933 just east of everything that's on fire, probably. 885 00:46:15,933 --> 00:46:18,633 And then we're also right in the midst right now 886 00:46:18,733 --> 00:46:21,133 of partnering with the Milwaukee Public Museum 887 00:46:21,233 --> 00:46:23,433 and a whole bunch of other collections 888 00:46:23,533 --> 00:46:25,566 and submitting a brand new NSL proposal, 889 00:46:25,666 --> 00:46:30,000 again, part of that TCN, that Thematic Collection Network, 890 00:46:30,100 --> 00:46:32,533 which is going to be referred to as the TPT, 891 00:46:32,633 --> 00:46:34,766 the Terrestrial Parasite Tracker. 892 00:46:34,866 --> 00:46:37,200 This in keeping with the fact that there's been, 893 00:46:37,300 --> 00:46:39,400 none of these thematic collections networks 894 00:46:39,500 --> 00:46:42,766 has meant to try to bridge together the information 895 00:46:42,866 --> 00:46:44,366 from a lot of disparate collections 896 00:46:44,466 --> 00:46:46,200 that might've been collecting things 897 00:46:46,300 --> 00:46:49,600 that were associated with disease transmission, 898 00:46:49,700 --> 00:46:51,233 so vectors. 899 00:46:51,333 --> 00:46:54,133 There are a lot of really small specialized collections 900 00:46:54,233 --> 00:46:56,700 that never really ever show up 901 00:46:56,800 --> 00:46:58,400 in a collection like ours. 902 00:46:58,500 --> 00:46:59,833 You didn't even know they're there, 903 00:46:59,933 --> 00:47:02,366 and then some little parasitology lab somewhere 904 00:47:02,466 --> 00:47:04,200 and somebody has this really great collection, 905 00:47:04,300 --> 00:47:06,800 but it never really makes it into a regular collection, 906 00:47:06,900 --> 00:47:09,266 but the data are incredible. 907 00:47:09,366 --> 00:47:12,033 And to have access to that and get it all digitized, 908 00:47:12,133 --> 00:47:13,366 get it all relationally available 909 00:47:13,466 --> 00:47:16,200 so we can track, so that we can track 910 00:47:16,300 --> 00:47:18,333 what's happening to the species 911 00:47:18,433 --> 00:47:20,166 that are the vectors of the pathogens 912 00:47:20,266 --> 00:47:22,333 that are making us sick. 913 00:47:23,666 --> 00:47:27,933 So that is a proposal that we're actually in the midst 914 00:47:28,033 --> 00:47:29,800 of writing currently. 915 00:47:30,933 --> 00:47:33,900 Lastly, outreach and educational activities... 916 00:47:35,000 --> 00:47:38,333 This is not currently up to date, 917 00:47:38,433 --> 00:47:41,033 although I imagine it's pretty much the same. 918 00:47:41,133 --> 00:47:43,100 The three-year average, probably three years ago 919 00:47:43,200 --> 00:47:46,166 last time I did this was about 1,800 individuals a year 920 00:47:46,266 --> 00:47:50,100 that touch up against us in some form or other. 921 00:47:50,200 --> 00:47:54,100 We do directly or indirectly a number of outreach programs 922 00:47:54,200 --> 00:47:57,600 to K-12, to school systems. 923 00:47:57,700 --> 00:48:00,233 We do have site visits each year. 924 00:48:00,333 --> 00:48:03,066 Sometimes we have these things called Bug Workshops. 925 00:48:03,166 --> 00:48:06,033 We historically had-- Historically there was money available 926 00:48:06,133 --> 00:48:10,200 through some Eisenhower grants and other things 927 00:48:10,300 --> 00:48:12,166 that are available to teachers that would come here 928 00:48:12,266 --> 00:48:13,766 for a week or two onto campus, 929 00:48:13,866 --> 00:48:15,766 and they would be supported to do that, 930 00:48:15,866 --> 00:48:18,233 and we had workshops for them. 931 00:48:18,333 --> 00:48:20,600 We've become active in 4-H. 932 00:48:20,700 --> 00:48:24,566 There's a 4-H Leader Youth Conference here every year, 933 00:48:24,666 --> 00:48:27,266 and we've been participating in that 934 00:48:27,366 --> 00:48:30,166 to help train and support, not only the youth, 935 00:48:30,266 --> 00:48:32,266 but the senior leaders of the projects 936 00:48:32,366 --> 00:48:34,866 and some of the adult leaders as well. 937 00:48:34,966 --> 00:48:36,800 Several times when entomology 938 00:48:36,900 --> 00:48:40,000 has been a thematic part of the Science Olympiad, 939 00:48:40,100 --> 00:48:42,300 we've sort of worked with the students 940 00:48:42,400 --> 00:48:44,566 that were going to participate in that. 941 00:48:44,666 --> 00:48:48,700 How many of you know of Grandparents University? 942 00:48:48,800 --> 00:48:50,800 Hi, grandparents. 943 00:48:50,900 --> 00:48:52,466 Well, Grandparents University's huge. 944 00:48:52,566 --> 00:48:54,133 It's huge all over the place, 945 00:48:54,233 --> 00:48:56,700 and it's very popular here on campus. 946 00:48:56,800 --> 00:48:59,466 Ran its course, what, a week or two ago? 947 00:48:59,566 --> 00:49:01,933 There were some very youngish-looking students 948 00:49:02,033 --> 00:49:04,166 and some rather seniorish-looking students 949 00:49:04,266 --> 00:49:06,566 running around, kind of together, 950 00:49:06,666 --> 00:49:08,266 at about mid-day on a hot day 951 00:49:08,366 --> 00:49:10,733 I'd see them all over at Babcock grabbing ice cream. 952 00:49:10,833 --> 00:49:12,666 That was Grandparents University. 953 00:49:12,766 --> 00:49:15,200 And we participate in that, as well. 954 00:49:17,300 --> 00:49:20,966 Jackie, myself, faculty, grad students, 955 00:49:21,066 --> 00:49:24,266 we very commonly would be historically asked, 956 00:49:24,366 --> 00:49:26,933 could you come out and do something for our school? 957 00:49:27,033 --> 00:49:30,766 And love to, but we can't get away often. 958 00:49:30,866 --> 00:49:33,766 What we've done, though, is we've developed this group 959 00:49:33,866 --> 00:49:37,700 called the Insect Ambassadors, which is a consortium of, 960 00:49:37,800 --> 00:49:40,366 and a very informal consortium of our graduate students 961 00:49:40,466 --> 00:49:42,600 and some of our advanced undergraduate students. 962 00:49:42,700 --> 00:49:46,266 And they have a portal that they use 963 00:49:46,366 --> 00:49:49,766 that you people can go out to and basically book them 964 00:49:49,866 --> 00:49:53,300 to come to their schools and do those programs 965 00:49:53,400 --> 00:49:55,566 or in some cases to actually have the school 966 00:49:55,666 --> 00:49:58,933 come to our campus, and we can put on a show there, 967 00:49:59,033 --> 00:50:00,300 not necessarily in the collection, 968 00:50:00,400 --> 00:50:02,566 because we can't accommodate that many people, 969 00:50:02,666 --> 00:50:05,200 but we oftentimes will open up our teaching labs 970 00:50:05,300 --> 00:50:07,700 and have that facilitate what's going on. 971 00:50:09,066 --> 00:50:13,966 There is a, there's an active course on this campus 972 00:50:14,066 --> 00:50:18,733 through zoology, integrative biology now, zoology, 973 00:50:18,833 --> 00:50:23,600 called ZOL 405, which is a museum studies course, 974 00:50:23,700 --> 00:50:27,833 which talks a lot about natural history collections 975 00:50:27,933 --> 00:50:29,600 in general, techniques. 976 00:50:29,700 --> 00:50:31,666 What are the things you do in the herbarium? 977 00:50:31,766 --> 00:50:33,800 How do you get that plant out of that sheet? 978 00:50:33,900 --> 00:50:36,000 What do you do to clean that mammal skeleton? 979 00:50:36,100 --> 00:50:38,766 What do you do to deal with that mineral, 980 00:50:38,866 --> 00:50:41,966 that artifact, archeologically? 981 00:50:42,066 --> 00:50:44,666 They visit all of our collections on campus, 982 00:50:44,766 --> 00:50:47,433 so ZOL 405, Museum Studies, 983 00:50:47,533 --> 00:50:49,833 we've been actively involved with them every year 984 00:50:49,933 --> 00:50:51,766 for some years now. 985 00:50:53,200 --> 00:50:57,366 In addition to teaching Introductory Entomology and a bunch of other ones, 986 00:50:57,466 --> 00:50:59,600 I also teach an advanced taxonomy series, 987 00:50:59,700 --> 00:51:01,966 a 700-level series, 988 00:51:02,066 --> 00:51:06,700 which intimately involves students in the collection. 989 00:51:06,800 --> 00:51:10,166 In fact, this fall I'll be teaching Advanced Taxonomy 990 00:51:10,266 --> 00:51:12,500 of Coleoptera, the beetles, 991 00:51:12,600 --> 00:51:14,833 and so that will call upon students 992 00:51:14,933 --> 00:51:17,133 to do some work in the collection. 993 00:51:17,233 --> 00:51:18,933 Hot off the heels this last spring 994 00:51:19,033 --> 00:51:21,866 of Advanced Taxonomy of Diptera, the flies, 995 00:51:21,966 --> 00:51:24,533 which we did this last spring. 996 00:51:24,633 --> 00:51:27,066 This is also the summer I do every other, 997 00:51:27,166 --> 00:51:30,766 so summer of even years, this is all through the summer, I taught a field course. 998 00:51:30,866 --> 00:51:33,366 We're into our waning couple of days of that class. 999 00:51:33,466 --> 00:51:36,400 They're hopefully out writing a paper for me. 1000 00:51:36,500 --> 00:51:38,633 Studies in Field Entomology, 1001 00:51:38,733 --> 00:51:41,666 and I guess, actually, the top image there 1002 00:51:41,766 --> 00:51:45,933 is a bunch of students were sitting over the campfire 1003 00:51:46,033 --> 00:51:48,900 getting ready to have our tasty little foil dinners. 1004 00:51:49,000 --> 00:51:52,333 This is out in the Laramie Mountains in Wyoming. 1005 00:51:52,433 --> 00:51:56,433 I take a group of students out to the Rockies of Wyoming 1006 00:51:56,533 --> 00:51:59,233 and then the Black Hills of South Dakota for two weeks, 1007 00:51:59,333 --> 00:52:04,300 and that involves them with journaling, field work, 1008 00:52:04,400 --> 00:52:08,566 and ultimately developing some oral papers, 1009 00:52:08,666 --> 00:52:11,433 presentations, PowerPoint presentations for the class. 1010 00:52:11,533 --> 00:52:13,566 And then, like I said, what they're doing right now 1011 00:52:13,666 --> 00:52:15,566 is putting together a final written paper. 1012 00:52:15,666 --> 00:52:18,800 But very frequently, when they get back, 1013 00:52:18,900 --> 00:52:20,600 they will interact with the collection 1014 00:52:20,700 --> 00:52:22,400 or some of us related to the collection 1015 00:52:22,500 --> 00:52:24,866 to help figure out what it is that they were looking at 1016 00:52:24,966 --> 00:52:27,466 and journaling about. 1017 00:52:27,566 --> 00:52:30,700 And that is the end of the slide show, 1018 00:52:30,800 --> 00:52:35,666 and that is time for us to close the door I guess. 1019 00:52:35,766 --> 00:52:38,466 That is time for questions. 1020 00:52:38,566 --> 00:52:41,566 (applause) Yay!