1 00:00:04,267 --> 00:00:07,033 MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE DESERT SPEAKS HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY 2 00:00:07,133 --> 00:00:10,534 ASARCO, INC., AN INTEGRATED PRODUCER OF NONFERROUS 3 00:00:10,634 --> 00:00:13,534 METALS AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL MINERALS AND PRODUCTS. 4 00:00:13,634 --> 00:00:19,400 ASARCO, INC., ADDING VALUE TO NATURE'S RESOURCES. 5 00:00:19,501 --> 00:00:51,434 [MUSIC/NATURE SOUNDS] 6 00:00:51,534 --> 00:00:53,667 STANDING HERE AND AND LOOKING WEST DOESN'T EXACTLY MAKE YOU 7 00:00:53,767 --> 00:00:56,334 THINK OF THE DESERT. I WOULDN'T KID YOU. 8 00:00:56,434 --> 00:01:02,033 ANYTHING THAT FEELS THIS WET AND LOOKS AND SMELLS 9 00:01:02,133 --> 00:01:03,567 LIKE THE OCEAN, PROBABLY IS. 10 00:01:03,667 --> 00:01:06,000 THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA HERE AT PUERTO PEÑASCO IS 11 00:01:06,100 --> 00:01:08,400 GOOD FOR AT LEAST SIXTY MILES OF OCEAN STRAIGHT OUT OR TO 12 00:01:08,501 --> 00:01:11,701 THE NORTH AND THEN WE'RE BACK AT THE EDGE OF THE DESERT AGAIN. 13 00:01:11,801 --> 00:01:14,701 BUT IT'S NOT REALLY UNUSUAL FOR DESERTS 14 00:01:14,801 --> 00:01:16,701 TO HAVE WATER ON THEIR EDGES. IT'S NOT 15 00:01:16,801 --> 00:01:19,734 THAT WATER THAT MAKES THE DESERTS, IT'S HOW MUCH 16 00:01:19,834 --> 00:01:22,400 WATER'S IN THE AIR AND ON THE LAND. 17 00:01:22,501 --> 00:01:26,667 WATER ANYWHERE MEANS LIFE, 18 00:01:26,767 --> 00:01:28,934 AS WE KEEP SAYING IN THIS DRY COUNTRY. 19 00:01:29,033 --> 00:01:32,234 SO THESE WET EDGES ARE PRETTY LIVELY PARTS OF THE 20 00:01:32,334 --> 00:01:35,801 DESERT AND NOTHING MAKES THAT POINT BETTER AROUND 21 00:01:35,901 --> 00:01:38,000 HERE THAN THE CREATURES THAT EASILY NAVIGATE BOTH 22 00:01:38,100 --> 00:01:40,534 LAND AND WATER - THE SHORE BIRDS. 23 00:01:40,634 --> 00:01:47,734 [SPLASHING/SEAGULLS CAWING] 24 00:01:47,834 --> 00:01:50,734 IT'S QUITE A CROWD AND THE SAME AS WITH PEOPLE, YOU START TO 25 00:01:50,834 --> 00:01:54,934 NOTICE INDIVIDUALS BETTER WHEN YOU KNOW THEIR NAMES. 26 00:01:55,033 --> 00:02:00,601 DUNLINS, AND DOWITCHERS, WILLETS, MARBLED GODWITS. 27 00:02:00,701 --> 00:02:03,234 ALL OF THEM AT WORK HERE ON MAIN STREET WITH 28 00:02:03,334 --> 00:02:07,200 SANDPIPERS, TERNS, MORE THAN ONE TERN; 29 00:02:07,300 --> 00:02:11,000 THERE'S CASPIAN TERNS AND LEAST TERNS. 30 00:02:11,100 --> 00:02:13,367 EVERYBODY KNOWS SEAGULLS BUT THEY'RE NOT JUST GULLS 31 00:02:13,467 --> 00:02:16,534 ONCE YOU HEAR THEM CALLED RING BILLED OR 32 00:02:16,634 --> 00:02:18,934 YELLOW-FOOTED OR HEERMANN'S GULLS. 33 00:02:19,033 --> 00:02:22,467 LONG TIME AGO, PEOPLE WERE NAMED FOR WHAT THEY DID, 34 00:02:22,567 --> 00:02:24,501 LIKE THE BUTCHER AND THE BAKER. 35 00:02:24,601 --> 00:02:28,467 WELL, HERE'S SOME OYSTER CATCHERS, TURN-STONES, SKIMMERS, 36 00:02:28,567 --> 00:02:32,634 ON THE OTHER HAND, PROBABLY SHOULDN'T DRAW 37 00:02:32,734 --> 00:02:35,334 ANY CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE RED-NECKED PHALAROPE. 38 00:02:35,434 --> 00:02:39,100 LOTS OF NAMES, LOTS OF FACES, 39 00:02:39,200 --> 00:02:40,801 FOR HUNDREDS OF MILES ALONG THIS EDGE OF THE DESERT. 40 00:02:40,901 --> 00:02:44,267 THE LONG NARROW GULF ALSO, CALLED THE SEA OF CORTEZ, 41 00:02:44,367 --> 00:02:47,734 RUNS FROM THE MIDDLE OF THE MEXICAN 42 00:02:47,834 --> 00:02:50,534 COAST RIGHT UP ALMOST TO THE U.S. 43 00:02:50,634 --> 00:02:56,434 HERE ARE SOME AMERICAN AVOCETS DOWN NEAR GUAYMAS 44 00:02:56,534 --> 00:03:00,067 AND EVEN A BURROWING OWL JUST YARDS FROM THE SURF. 45 00:03:00,167 --> 00:03:05,033 MOST OF THE SHORE BIRDS YOU SEE ARE MIGRATORY; 46 00:03:05,133 --> 00:03:07,434 THEY NEST UP IN THE ARCTIC, 47 00:03:07,534 --> 00:03:10,501 BUT DURING THE WINTER TIME AND IN THEIR, 48 00:03:10,601 --> 00:03:16,300 DURING MIGRATION THEY USE PLACES SUCH AS THE EDGE OF 49 00:03:16,400 --> 00:03:19,033 THE SEA OF CORTEZ FOR FEEDING. 50 00:03:19,133 --> 00:03:22,467 AND THERE ARE THOUSANDS AND THOUSANDS OR MILLIONS 51 00:03:22,567 --> 00:03:24,133 OF BIRDS THAT USE THIS RESOURCE. 52 00:03:24,234 --> 00:03:30,667 THE BIRDS OF THE SHORE LINE USE ALL KINDS OF 53 00:03:30,767 --> 00:03:32,934 HABITATS ON THE SHORT LINE. 54 00:03:33,033 --> 00:03:38,200 THERE ARE THOSE THAT FEED UP ON THE DRY SANDY 55 00:03:38,300 --> 00:03:40,968 BEACHES, LIKE THE LITTLE SNOWY PLOVERS THAT RUN 56 00:03:41,067 --> 00:03:43,734 AROUND AND CATCH THE LITTLE INSECTS ON THE BEACH. 57 00:03:43,834 --> 00:03:46,968 THERE ARE THOSE THAT USE THE EXPOSED MUD FLATS AND 58 00:03:47,067 --> 00:03:51,300 PROBE FOR INVERTEBRATES IN THE MUD. . . . 59 00:03:51,400 --> 00:03:58,234 OR THOSE THAT USE THE TOPS OF THE MUD FLAT AND LOOK 60 00:03:58,334 --> 00:04:03,567 FOR LITTLE INSECT LARVAE OR INSECTS RESTING ON THE SURFACE. 61 00:04:03,667 --> 00:04:13,501 OTHER SPECIES MAY USE THE WATER EDGE, FOR INSTANCE, 62 00:04:13,601 --> 00:04:15,701 A LITTLE SANDERLING CHASES THE WATER AS IT COMES IN 63 00:04:15,801 --> 00:04:20,634 AND OUT, AS IT WASHES IN AND OUT. 64 00:04:20,734 --> 00:04:23,934 AND THERE ARE OTHER SPECIES THAT PRETTY MUCH USE VERY 65 00:04:24,033 --> 00:04:27,567 SHALLOW WATER, WALK AROUND AND PROBE IN THE WATER ITSELF. 66 00:04:27,667 --> 00:04:38,567 THEN AS YOU GET FURTHER AWAY FROM THE SHORE LINE, 67 00:04:38,667 --> 00:04:40,767 YOU'LL SEE OTHER TYPES OF BIRDS. 68 00:04:40,868 --> 00:04:43,501 TERNS DIVING FOR FISHES THAT ARE VERY CLOSE TO THE 69 00:04:43,601 --> 00:04:52,834 SURFACE, PELICANS DIVING FOR SCHOOLING FISH A 70 00:04:52,934 --> 00:04:55,133 LITTLE BIT FURTHER BENEATH THE SURFACE, 71 00:04:55,234 --> 00:05:08,000 [LOUD SPLASHING] 72 00:05:08,100 --> 00:05:14,367 THEN BOOBIES THAT'LL DIVE DEEP FOR EVEN DEEPER FISHES. 73 00:05:14,467 --> 00:05:23,734 DIFFERENT BIRDS ON THE SHORELINE THAT WILL FLY IN DIFFERENT WAYS. 74 00:05:23,834 --> 00:05:26,567 THE FRIGATEBIRDS, FOR INSTANCE, CAN FLY ON 75 00:05:26,667 --> 00:05:29,300 THE LIGHTEST OF BREEZES AND, IN FACT, 76 00:05:29,400 --> 00:05:31,100 THEY NEVER ALIGHT ON THE WATER. 77 00:05:31,200 --> 00:05:38,901 FOR MANY SPECIES IT'S, THEY FLOCK TOGETHER WITH 78 00:05:39,000 --> 00:05:41,767 THEIR OWN KIND AND WHEN YOU'LL SEE A GROUP OF 79 00:05:41,868 --> 00:05:45,133 BIRDS TAKE OFF, YOU'LL SEE ONE SPECIES IN ONE 80 00:05:45,234 --> 00:05:46,334 LITTLE TIGHT LITTLE BUNCH, ANOTHER 81 00:05:46,434 --> 00:05:48,501 SPECIES IN ANOTHER TIGHT LITTLE BUNCH. 82 00:05:48,601 --> 00:05:53,667 BECAUSE BIRDS ARE SO VISUAL AND HAVE SUCH 83 00:05:53,767 --> 00:06:02,067 QUICK, QUICK REFLEXES AND VERY GOOD COORDINATION, 84 00:06:02,167 --> 00:06:03,534 THEY CAN MAINTAIN VERY TIGHT FLOCKS, 85 00:06:03,634 --> 00:06:06,067 SOMETHING THAT LOOKS ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE TO DO. 86 00:06:06,167 --> 00:06:08,300 SEVERAL HUNDRED BIRDS CAN FLY TOGETHER IN VERY TIGHT 87 00:06:08,400 --> 00:06:10,234 FORMATION, MAKE QUICK TURNS ALMOST IN UNISON 88 00:06:10,334 --> 00:06:13,801 JUST BECAUSE OF THESE FEATURES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IN BIRDS. 89 00:06:13,901 --> 00:06:20,334 EACH OF THESE SPECIES OF SHORE BIRD IS DIFFERENT. 90 00:06:20,434 --> 00:06:24,667 TO THE GENERAL, THE PERSON WHO GENERALLY WOULD LOOK AT THEM, 91 00:06:24,767 --> 00:06:27,167 LOOKS LIKE JUST A BUNCH OF SMALL BIRDS WORKING THE SHORE LINE. 92 00:06:27,267 --> 00:06:29,601 WHEN YOU LOOK UP CLOSE, THEY HAVE BEAKS OF 93 00:06:29,701 --> 00:06:33,901 DIFFERENT SIZES AND DIFFERENT SHAPES. 94 00:06:34,000 --> 00:06:37,200 THE FEET OF MANY OF THE SHORE BIRDS, 95 00:06:37,300 --> 00:06:39,534 TYPICALLY THEY HAVE LONG TOES AND THEY'RE VERY 96 00:06:39,634 --> 00:06:42,467 LIGHT-BODIED BIRDS AND SOME OF THEM EVEN HAVE A 97 00:06:42,567 --> 00:06:47,234 LITTLE BIT OF WEBBING IN THE TOES. 98 00:06:47,334 --> 00:06:49,968 THERE IS SOMEWHAT OF A PECKING ORDER AND, 99 00:06:50,067 --> 00:06:54,100 BUT THE WAY THINGS ARE REALLY ORDERED IN THOSE 100 00:06:54,200 --> 00:06:59,334 SORTS OF HABITATS HAS TO DO WITH THE DIFFERENT WAYS OF FEEDING. 101 00:06:59,434 --> 00:07:04,267 AND THEN THEY ALSO DIVIDE UP THE LAND BY WHAT THEY EAT. 102 00:07:04,367 --> 00:07:06,567 A CERTAIN HERON MAY EAT A CRAB. 103 00:07:06,667 --> 00:07:09,601 FOR INSTANCE, THE YELLOW CROWN NIGHT HERON MAY EAT 104 00:07:09,701 --> 00:07:11,901 A CRAB AND A LITTLE BLUE HERON MAY RUN ABOUT IN THE 105 00:07:12,000 --> 00:07:18,334 WATER TRYING TO STAB LITTLE INVERTEBRATES THAT 106 00:07:18,434 --> 00:07:20,701 ARE RUNNING ABOUT OR LITTLE FISHES. 107 00:07:20,801 --> 00:07:22,467 AND THEN OTHERS, SUCH AS A GULL, 108 00:07:22,567 --> 00:07:25,934 MAY FIND OLD CARRION, JUST A DEAD FISH LYING ON THE 109 00:07:26,033 --> 00:07:28,400 SHORE THAT IT WOULD PICK APART AND EAT. 110 00:07:28,501 --> 00:07:32,400 SO THERE'S A LOT OF ORDER ON THE SHORELINE AND SOME 111 00:07:32,501 --> 00:07:36,667 OF IT'S BEHAVIORAL AND ECOLOGICAL AND THEY DIVIDE 112 00:07:36,767 --> 00:07:39,000 UP THAT SHORELINE IN A LOT OF DIFFERENT WAYS. 113 00:07:39,100 --> 00:07:44,033 THE CONTRAST HERE ON THE LINE BETWEEN THE WET AND THE 114 00:07:44,133 --> 00:07:47,400 DRY IS EVEN MORE DRAMATIC THAN YOU MIGHT THINK. 115 00:07:47,501 --> 00:07:52,667 TURN YOUR BACK ON THE GULF FOR VERY LONG AND IT CAN DISAPPEAR 116 00:07:52,767 --> 00:07:55,133 ON YOU. THAT'S BECAUSE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE 117 00:07:55,234 --> 00:07:57,734 TIDAL HIGHS AND THE TIDAL LOWS UP IN THIS END OF THE 118 00:07:57,834 --> 00:08:01,067 GULF IS ONE OF THE WIDEST IN THE WORLD. 119 00:08:01,167 --> 00:08:04,634 AND ON THESE EXTRA SHALLOW BEACHES, 120 00:08:04,734 --> 00:08:06,801 EVEN A LITTLE DIFFERENCE GOES A LONG WAY. 121 00:08:06,901 --> 00:08:12,734 TIDES ARE CAUSED BY AT LEAST A DOZEN FACTORS, 122 00:08:12,834 --> 00:08:17,634 BUT THE TWO MAIN ONES ARE THE SUN AND THE MOON, 123 00:08:17,734 --> 00:08:20,267 MOSTLY THE MOON'S GRAVITATIONAL PULL. 124 00:08:20,367 --> 00:08:22,667 EVERY DAY UP HERE IN THE NORTHERN GULF, 125 00:08:22,767 --> 00:08:26,567 THERE ARE TWO TIDES AND THEY REACH THEIR EXTREMES 126 00:08:26,667 --> 00:08:28,901 WHEN THE SUN, EARTH AND MOON ARE LINED UP, 127 00:08:29,000 --> 00:08:31,100 DURING THE FULL MOON AND THE NEW MOON. 128 00:08:31,200 --> 00:08:36,667 THE REASON FOR ALL THIS TALK ABOUT TIDES IS TIDEPOOLS. 129 00:08:36,767 --> 00:08:40,267 THAT'S WHAT'S LEFT WHEN THE TIDE GOES OUT. 130 00:08:40,367 --> 00:08:43,267 HERE WHERE THE DESERT SLIPS INTO THE WATER SO GRADUALLY IS 131 00:08:43,367 --> 00:08:47,200 A WHOLE WORLD OF TIDEPOOLS AND SHALLOW WATER ANIMALS, 132 00:08:47,300 --> 00:08:51,968 JUST AS ALIVE AND DIFFERENT AS THE BIRDS A FEW INCHES ABOVE. 133 00:08:52,067 --> 00:08:54,701 THE NAMES HERE HELP TOO, IF YOU CAN KEEP UP WITH 134 00:08:54,801 --> 00:09:01,400 FIDDLER CRABS AND PISTOL SHRIMP AND SULFUR-BELLIED 135 00:09:01,501 --> 00:09:04,133 SEA CUCUMBERS AND A RELATIVE OF THE JELLYFISH 136 00:09:04,234 --> 00:09:06,367 CALLED HYDROIDS WHO DELIVER A POISON 137 00:09:06,467 --> 00:09:09,334 LIKE THE COBRAS, BUT IN SMALLER DOSES. 138 00:09:09,434 --> 00:09:17,934 HERE WE ARE IN IN PUERTO PEÑASCO ON ONE OF 139 00:09:18,033 --> 00:09:20,734 THE MOST AMAZING INNER TIDAL ZONES IN THE WORLD. 140 00:09:20,834 --> 00:09:24,801 THE TIDES GO OUT; THEY DROP VERTICALLY 141 00:09:24,901 --> 00:09:30,701 APPROXIMATELY TWENTY-FOUR FEET. HORIZONTAL DISTANCE 142 00:09:30,801 --> 00:09:33,567 IT GOES OUT DEPENDS UPON THE SLOPE OF THE BEACH. 143 00:09:33,667 --> 00:09:35,767 THERE ARE PLACES HERE IN PUERTO PEÑASCO AGAIN THAT 144 00:09:35,868 --> 00:09:37,501 THE TIDE GOES OUT UP TO THREE MILES 145 00:09:37,601 --> 00:09:40,067 BECAUSE IT'S A VERY GENTLY SLOPING BEACH. 146 00:09:40,167 --> 00:09:44,634 THAT EXTREME RANGE IN TIDES IS SOMETHING THAT'S 147 00:09:44,734 --> 00:09:47,501 FAIRLY UNIQUE IN THE WORLD. 148 00:09:47,601 --> 00:09:54,567 IN PART IT'S CAUSED BY THE SHAPE OF THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA. 149 00:09:54,667 --> 00:09:56,400 WE'RE IN A LONG, NARROW BASIN AND WE'RE AT THE 150 00:09:56,501 --> 00:09:58,234 VERY TOP OF THAT BASIN SO THE TIDE FUNCTIONS SORT OF 151 00:09:58,334 --> 00:10:02,234 LIKE A WAVE AND BECAUSE IT'S NARROW AND ENCLOSED, 152 00:10:02,334 --> 00:10:04,434 WHEN THE WATER SLOSHES UP HERE IN THE NORTH, 153 00:10:04,534 --> 00:10:06,834 IT SLOSHES UP REALLY HIGH AND THEN WHEN IT SLOSHES 154 00:10:06,934 --> 00:10:09,133 DOWN, IT SLOSHES DOWN REALLY LOW SO WE GET THESE 155 00:10:09,234 --> 00:10:12,634 EXTREME TIDES HERE IN THE NORTH. 156 00:10:12,734 --> 00:10:20,133 OKAY, THE INNER TIDAL ZONE IS ACTUALLY A GRADIENT 157 00:10:20,234 --> 00:10:24,200 BETWEEN THE DESERT AND THE OCEAN, 158 00:10:24,300 --> 00:10:29,400 AND THE ANIMALS IN THE HIGHEST ZONES OF THE INNER 159 00:10:29,501 --> 00:10:33,267 TIDAL ZONE ARE THOSE THAT ARE BETTER ADAPTED TO 160 00:10:33,367 --> 00:10:39,267 DESERT CONDITION AND THOSE LIVING DOWN IN THE LOWER 161 00:10:39,367 --> 00:10:42,067 ZONES ARE BETTER ADAPTED TO OCEAN CONDITIONS. 162 00:10:42,167 --> 00:10:45,100 THIS LOW INNER TIDAL SAND BAR IS LIKE THE 163 00:10:45,200 --> 00:10:47,267 RECYCLING CENTER OF THE INNER TIDAL. 164 00:10:47,367 --> 00:10:49,100 ALL THE FINE PARTICLES OF ORGANIC 165 00:10:49,200 --> 00:10:51,267 MATTER COLLECT HERE IN THE SAND AND THE WORMS 166 00:10:51,367 --> 00:10:55,133 AND THE RECYCLERS LIVE HERE IN THIS ZONE. 167 00:10:55,234 --> 00:11:02,167 THIS IS A CEPHALOCHORDATE WHICH IS A LINK OR A 168 00:11:02,267 --> 00:11:04,801 STEPPING STONE TO THE CHORDATES AND THE VERTEBRATES, 169 00:11:04,901 --> 00:11:10,033 THE HUMANS, THE MAMMALS ARE ALL IN THE CHORDATE PHYLUM. 170 00:11:10,133 --> 00:11:12,200 OH, HERE'S SOME NEAT STUFF RIGHT HERE. 171 00:11:12,300 --> 00:11:15,367 YOU ONLY SEE SMALL PATCHES OF THIS CORAL HERE AND 172 00:11:15,467 --> 00:11:17,167 THIS CORAL IS TYPICAL OF THE LOW INNER TIDAL ZONE. 173 00:11:17,267 --> 00:11:19,133 THIS IS ANOTHER NUDIBRANCH. 174 00:11:19,234 --> 00:11:24,701 WE'VE GOT THESE EXTREME TIDES IN ANEXTREMELY DRY, 175 00:11:24,801 --> 00:11:29,801 WARM DESERT, EXTREME SALINITIES, 176 00:11:29,901 --> 00:11:31,501 THOSE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS SEEM TO BE 177 00:11:31,601 --> 00:11:33,767 FAIRLY IMPORTANT IN DETERMINING THE 178 00:11:33,868 --> 00:11:35,934 DISTRIBUTION OF A LOT OF THE ANIMALS ON THE SHORE. 179 00:11:36,033 --> 00:11:44,100 OKAY. LET'S GO UP TO THIS RICH ZONE IN THE MIDDLE INNER 180 00:11:44,200 --> 00:11:50,234 TIDAL, LOWER MIDDLE INNER TIDAL, AND SEE LOTS OF CREEPY, CRAWLY. 181 00:11:50,334 --> 00:11:54,200 WHAT'S THIS RIGHT HERE? 182 00:11:54,300 --> 00:12:00,133 OH, THIS IS A FLAT WORM AND THEY GET THEIR NAME 183 00:12:00,234 --> 00:12:02,467 BECAUSE THEY'RE VERY FLAT, ONLY THREE LAYERS THICK. 184 00:12:02,567 --> 00:12:05,067 THEY'RE SO THIN THAT THEY DON'T EVEN NEED A CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. 185 00:12:05,167 --> 00:12:08,100 THEY CAN GET ALL THEIR OXYGEN DIRECTLY FROM THE WATER. 186 00:12:08,200 --> 00:12:11,234 OH, THERE'S A SHRIMP, A TIDEPOOL SHRIMP RIGHT THERE. 187 00:12:11,334 --> 00:12:15,167 THEY'RE VERY HARD TO SEE. 188 00:12:15,267 --> 00:12:18,667 TIDEPOOL IS ONE OF THE MICROHABITATS THAT 189 00:12:18,767 --> 00:12:21,367 YOU FIND IN THE INNER TIDAL ZONE. 190 00:12:21,467 --> 00:12:24,534 IT'S AN IMPORTANT MICROHABITAT BECAUSE IT HOLDS 191 00:12:24,634 --> 00:12:27,467 WATER AND A LOT OF THE THINGS REQUIRE WATER. SO IT 192 00:12:27,567 --> 00:12:32,067 KIND OF BRINGS THE SUB-TIDAL INTO THE INNER TIDAL ZONE. 193 00:12:32,167 --> 00:12:34,667 THE SWIMMING CLAM, ITS SCIENTIFIC NAME IS KIND OF 194 00:12:34,767 --> 00:12:38,601 PRETTY, LIMA PACIFICA, IS ONE OF THE MOST BEAUTIFUL 195 00:12:38,701 --> 00:12:41,534 ANIMALS OUT HERE AND GRACEFUL. 196 00:12:41,634 --> 00:12:47,033 IT HAS THE ABILITY TO SWIM BY CLOSING ITS TWO VALVES 197 00:12:47,133 --> 00:12:49,968 REALLY FAST AND PRODUCING A JET PROPULSION. 198 00:12:50,067 --> 00:12:52,667 USUALLY LIVE UNDER THE BOULDERS AND OFTEN IN 199 00:12:52,767 --> 00:12:57,267 ASSOCIATION WITH BRIGHT ORANGE COLORED FIREWORM. 200 00:12:57,367 --> 00:12:59,734 PROBABLY GET SOME PROTECTION FROM THE FIREWORM. 201 00:12:59,834 --> 00:13:03,934 THIS GOLF BALL SPONGE, THIS ORANGE GOLF BALL 202 00:13:04,033 --> 00:13:06,234 SPONGE, IS REAL COMMON UNDER THE LEDGES OF ROCKS 203 00:13:06,334 --> 00:13:10,200 HERE AND IF WE OPEN IT UP, WE CAN SEE ON THE INSIDE 204 00:13:10,300 --> 00:13:14,234 THE SPICULES, THE GLASS-LIKE SPICULES THAT 205 00:13:14,334 --> 00:13:16,868 ARE CHARACTERISTIC OF ALL SPONGES ALTHOUGH DIFFERENT 206 00:13:16,968 --> 00:13:20,234 SHAPES AND SIZES CHARACTERIZE INDIVIDUAL SPONGES. 207 00:13:20,334 --> 00:13:26,334 VERY SIMPLE ANIMAL THAT HAS TINY HOLES THAT TAKE 208 00:13:26,434 --> 00:13:31,467 IN WATER AND LARGER HOLES OR PORES THAT EXCRETE THE WATER. 209 00:13:31,567 --> 00:13:37,667 SPONGES ARE ANIMALS THAT HAVE TO LIVE IN THE LOW 210 00:13:37,767 --> 00:13:39,567 INNER TIDAL ZONES OR IN MID ZONES IN TIDEPOOLS 211 00:13:39,667 --> 00:13:41,100 WHERE THEY'RE COVERED WITH WATER UNDER ROCKS. 212 00:13:41,200 --> 00:13:43,033 THEY CAN'T TOLERATE THAT EXPOSURE. 213 00:13:43,133 --> 00:13:47,801 THIS SEA ANEMONE HERE IS BRIGHT ORANGE IN COLOR AND 214 00:13:47,901 --> 00:13:49,834 IT'S TYPICAL OF THESE TIDEPOOL HABITATS HERE IN 215 00:13:49,934 --> 00:13:52,167 THE MIDDLE INNER TIDAL ZONES. 216 00:13:52,267 --> 00:13:55,567 SEA ANEMONES CAN'T, THEY'RE SOFT BODIED AND 217 00:13:55,667 --> 00:13:57,534 THEY CAN'T LIVE IN THE HIGHER ZONES. 218 00:13:57,634 --> 00:14:00,434 TIDEPOOLS ARE SOMETIMES CALLED THE WINDOW OF THE SEA BECAUSE 219 00:14:00,534 --> 00:14:03,467 THEY GIVE ONE AN OPPORTUNITY TO SEE WHAT'S IN, UNDER THE SEA. 220 00:14:03,567 --> 00:14:10,801 IT'S KIND OF LIKE A SUBSET OF THAT UNDERSEA HABITAT BROUGHT 221 00:14:10,901 --> 00:14:13,801 INTO THE INNER TIDAL WHERE ONE CAN LOOK AT IT MUCH EASIER. 222 00:14:13,901 --> 00:14:18,200 THIS IS THE BIGGEST OF THE SPECIES OF OCTOPUS FOUND 223 00:14:18,300 --> 00:14:21,100 HERE AND THAT'S A SMALL ANIMAL. 224 00:14:21,200 --> 00:14:22,534 THEY GET TO BE THREE TIMES THAT SIZE. 225 00:14:22,634 --> 00:14:25,100 OCTOPUS HAVE THE ABILITY TO SHOOT OUT A SPRAY OF 226 00:14:25,200 --> 00:14:30,801 INK THAT, A CLOUD OF INK THAT HIDES IT. 227 00:14:30,901 --> 00:14:35,868 OCTOPUS ALSO HAVE A REALLY FAST ABILITY TO CHANGE 228 00:14:35,968 --> 00:14:39,534 COLOR AND BLEND WITH THE ENVIRONMENT. 229 00:14:39,634 --> 00:14:45,033 YOU CAN SEE IT TAKING SHAPE AND LOOKING JUST LIKE THAT ROCK. 230 00:14:45,133 --> 00:14:48,367 YOU CAN HARDLY SEE WHERE IT IS. 231 00:14:48,467 --> 00:14:50,801 THEY CAN CHANGE TO WHERE THEY LOOK JUST THE COLOR OF THE SAND. 232 00:14:50,901 --> 00:14:56,467 THEY'RE PRETTY FAST, SO THEY'RE NOT THAT EASY TO GET. 233 00:14:56,567 --> 00:15:06,667 THE INNER TIDAL ZONE IS THE RICHEST PART OF THE 234 00:15:06,767 --> 00:15:09,367 WHOLE MARINE ENVIRONMENT, OR THE SHORE ZONE, 235 00:15:09,467 --> 00:15:12,300 BECAUSE ONE OF THE MOST LIMITING RESOURCES IN THE 236 00:15:12,400 --> 00:15:13,901 MARINE ENVIRONMENT IS LIGHT. 237 00:15:14,000 --> 00:15:18,434 THE WHOLE FOOD CHAIN IS BASED ON ALGAE AND ALGAE 238 00:15:18,534 --> 00:15:23,067 PLANTS REQUIRE LIGHT AND AS YOU GET INTO THE DEEP 239 00:15:23,167 --> 00:15:24,901 LAYERS OF THE OCEAN, YOU GET LESS AND LESS LIGHT 240 00:15:25,000 --> 00:15:27,601 AVAILABLE FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS. 241 00:15:27,701 --> 00:15:29,501 SO IT'S ONLY ON THE SURFACE LAYERS OF THE 242 00:15:29,601 --> 00:15:31,834 OCEAN WHERE THERE'S ENOUGH LIGHT TO FEED THE FOOD 243 00:15:31,934 --> 00:15:33,601 CHAIN AND ALONG THE SHORES, 244 00:15:33,701 --> 00:15:37,734 BECAUSE OF THE PHYSICAL SUBSTRATE THAT PLANTS HAVE 245 00:15:37,834 --> 00:15:44,667 TO ATTACH TO, THERE'S A LOT OF PRODUCTION OF ALGAE. 246 00:15:44,767 --> 00:15:48,000 THIS IS A TURBAN SNAIL, TURBO FLUCTUOSA, 247 00:15:48,100 --> 00:15:51,234 ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT OF THE HERBIVORES THAT 248 00:15:51,334 --> 00:15:54,100 FEED THE ALGAE ON THE ROCKS HERE IN THE INNER TIDAL ZONE. 249 00:15:54,200 --> 00:16:02,067 SERGEANT MAJORS FEED ON TINY ISOPODS AND AMPHIPODS 250 00:16:02,167 --> 00:16:04,601 THAT LIVE IN AND AROUND DIFFERENT SPECIES OF SEAWEEDS. 251 00:16:04,701 --> 00:16:09,267 SEAWEEDS ARE IMPORTANT FOR MICROHABITATS FOR A LOT OF 252 00:16:09,367 --> 00:16:13,467 FOOD SPECIES FOR FISH. AND HERE'SSOME GOBIES. 253 00:16:13,567 --> 00:16:18,534 GOBIES ARE KNOWN FOR THEIR ABILITY TO TOLERATE THE EXPOSURE 254 00:16:18,634 --> 00:16:23,400 AND THE HIGHER TEMPERATURES FOUND IN THE INNER TIDAL ZONES. 255 00:16:23,501 --> 00:16:25,300 THERE'S ALSO A CLINGFISH. IT ACTUALLY LIVES 256 00:16:25,400 --> 00:16:27,601 ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOMS OF THE ROCKS IN 257 00:16:27,701 --> 00:16:29,200 THE INNER TIDAL ZONE WHERE THEY'RE QUITE 258 00:16:29,300 --> 00:16:32,000 ABLE TO WITHSTAND DRY CONDITIONS. 259 00:16:32,100 --> 00:16:34,067 ALTHOUGH THEY PREFER IT MOIST, 260 00:16:34,167 --> 00:16:35,767 THEY CAN TOLERATE SOME EXPOSURE. 261 00:16:35,868 --> 00:16:39,300 THEY LIVE UNDER THE ROCKS AND THEY'RE BARNACLE EATERS. 262 00:16:39,400 --> 00:16:42,234 THE THATCHED BARNACLE IS TYPICAL, 263 00:16:42,334 --> 00:16:45,300 AN INDICATOR SPECIES FOR THE HIGH INNER TIDAL ZONE. 264 00:16:45,400 --> 00:16:50,868 THIS LARGE BARNACLE HAS A RELATIVELY SMALL SURFACE 265 00:16:50,968 --> 00:16:54,534 AREA RELATIVE TO ITS BODY VOLUME ENABLING IT TO 266 00:16:54,634 --> 00:16:58,033 WITHSTAND THE EXPOSURE AND POTENTIAL DESICCATION IT 267 00:16:58,133 --> 00:16:59,467 ENCOUNTERS IN THESE HIGH ZONES. 268 00:16:59,567 --> 00:17:02,901 BECAUSE THERE'S A LIMITED AMOUNT OF SHORE ALONG THE WORLD, 269 00:17:03,000 --> 00:17:05,167 THERE'S A LIMITED AMOUNT OF SPACE TO ATTACH TO, 270 00:17:05,267 --> 00:17:06,934 AND ROCKY INNER TIDAL ZONES ARE ESPECIALLY 271 00:17:07,033 --> 00:17:08,367 IMPORTANT BECAUSE THEY'RE MUCH, 272 00:17:08,467 --> 00:17:11,534 MUCH MORE DURABLE OR, IT'S MUCH EASIER TO ATTACH TO A 273 00:17:11,634 --> 00:17:14,033 ROCKY SUBSTRATE THAN TO TRY TO ATTACH TO SAND, 274 00:17:14,133 --> 00:17:17,300 MOVING, CONSTANTLY MOVING SAND GRAINS. 275 00:17:17,400 --> 00:17:22,167 THE SUN STAR'S PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT AND 276 00:17:22,267 --> 00:17:25,868 A SYMBOL TO US HERE AT PUERTO PEÑASCO BECAUSE BY 277 00:17:25,968 --> 00:17:29,033 EATING A LOT OF DIFFERENT THINGS IN THAT COMMUNITY, 278 00:17:29,133 --> 00:17:32,100 THE SUN STAR WAS ABLE TO KEEP THE NUMBERS DOWN SO 279 00:17:32,200 --> 00:17:34,367 THAT A LOT OF SPECIES COULD CO-EXIST 280 00:17:34,467 --> 00:17:36,434 TOGETHER ENHANCING THE DIVERSITY. 281 00:17:36,534 --> 00:17:43,100 COMPLEXITY IN AN ECOSYSTEM IS EQUAL TO STABILITY, 282 00:17:43,200 --> 00:17:45,934 SO THERE ARE LOTS OF CHECKS AND BALANCES AND SO 283 00:17:46,033 --> 00:17:51,033 WHEN WE GO TO EXPLOIT ANY RESOURCE IN THE MARINE 284 00:17:51,133 --> 00:17:53,467 ENVIRONMENT AND WE GO FOR ONE RESOURCE, 285 00:17:53,567 --> 00:17:58,467 WE'RE RAKING HAVOC ON THE SYSTEM AND ESPECIALLY IF 286 00:17:58,567 --> 00:18:02,067 THE SYSTEM DOES NOT HAVE A LOT OF CHECKS AND BALANCES. 287 00:18:02,167 --> 00:18:08,467 [NATURE SOUNDS] 288 00:18:08,567 --> 00:18:11,200 GETTING A HANDLE ON JUST HOW WOUND TOGETHER RELATIONS ARE 289 00:18:11,300 --> 00:18:14,300 BETWEEN ALL THESE CREATURES IS THE WORK OF NATURALISTS. 290 00:18:14,400 --> 00:18:17,067 THEY PROBABLY COME THE CLOSEST TO SPEAKING ALL 291 00:18:17,167 --> 00:18:19,400 THE NAMES AND RECOGNIZING THE FACES. 292 00:18:19,501 --> 00:18:22,400 LIKE THE FULL MOON PULLS THE TIDE, 293 00:18:22,501 --> 00:18:26,567 THE DESERT SHORE'S GOT SOME DEEP-DOWN PULL ON A NATURALIST. 294 00:18:26,667 --> 00:18:33,567 HERONS THAT YOU CAN SEE FEEDING ALONG THE 295 00:18:33,667 --> 00:18:40,767 COAST OF THE SEA OF CORTEZ ARE KIND OF INTERESTING. 296 00:18:40,868 --> 00:18:42,901 THE YELLOW CROWN NIGHT HERON WADES 297 00:18:43,000 --> 00:18:44,501 IN SHALLOW WATER AND CATCHES CRABS. 298 00:18:44,601 --> 00:18:46,467 THE GREAT BLUE HERON STALKS VERY SLOWLY, VERY SLOWLY 299 00:18:46,567 --> 00:18:48,901 MOVING ITS FEET IN SEARCH OF PREY 300 00:18:49,000 --> 00:18:50,801 WHICH COULD BE A WHOLE VARIETY OF THINGS, BUT FREQUENTLY 301 00:18:50,901 --> 00:18:53,934 IS FISH WHICH IT'LL STAB OR GRAB OUT OF THE WATER. 302 00:18:54,033 --> 00:18:56,634 THE LITTLE BLUE HERON IS A LITTLE BIT MORE ACTIVE 303 00:18:56,734 --> 00:19:02,534 HERON THAT YOU SOMETIMES SEE RUNNING AROUND IN 304 00:19:02,634 --> 00:19:04,868 SHALLOW WATER TRYING TO CATCH THINGS. 305 00:19:04,968 --> 00:19:07,200 ANOTHER ONE, ANOTHER HERON IS THE SNOWY EGRET THAT 306 00:19:07,300 --> 00:19:11,334 USES A PARTICULAR BEHAVIOR, 307 00:19:11,434 --> 00:19:14,133 A LITTLE FOOT SHAKING BEHAVIOR WHERE IT WILL 308 00:19:14,234 --> 00:19:16,734 WALK VERY CAREFULLY THROUGH THE WATER AND 309 00:19:16,834 --> 00:19:20,400 SHAKE ITS ONE FOOT IT HAS UP OFF THE GROUND AS IT 310 00:19:20,501 --> 00:19:27,200 MOVES AND THIS IS A TACTIC TO STARTLE PREY OR TO 311 00:19:27,300 --> 00:19:29,234 BRING THEM TO THE SURFACE WHERE THEY CAN SEE THEM. 312 00:19:29,334 --> 00:19:35,167 BUT NOW ALL THE HERONS ALONG THE COASTLINE ARE WATER LOVING. 313 00:19:35,267 --> 00:19:39,234 IN FACT THE CATTLE EGRET IS AN EGRET THAT IS KNOWN FOR 314 00:19:39,334 --> 00:19:43,801 AND TAKES ITS NAME BECAUSE IT FOLLOWS CATTLE AROUND IN GRASSY 315 00:19:43,901 --> 00:19:49,434 PASTURES AND GATHERS THE INSECTS THAT THE CATTLE SCARE UP. 316 00:19:49,534 --> 00:19:54,767 KIND OF AN INTERESTING BIRD BECAUSE IT'S, 317 00:19:54,868 --> 00:19:57,067 IN JUST THIS CENTURY, HAS MOVED INTO THE NEW WORLD FROM AFRICA. 318 00:19:57,167 --> 00:20:03,267 ALONG THE SEA OF CORTEZ, OF COURSE, 319 00:20:03,367 --> 00:20:07,000 DESERT SCRUB VEGETATION DOESN'T GET VERY HIGH AND THE 320 00:20:07,100 --> 00:20:12,033 BIG TALL COLUMNAR CACTUS LIKE THE CARDONS SERVE AS ROOSTS. 321 00:20:12,133 --> 00:20:16,767 A LOT OF THE GULLS THAT NORMALLY WOULD HAVE TO FLY 322 00:20:16,868 --> 00:20:19,834 TO SOME ISOLATED ISLAND OR SEA SHORE TO ROOST AT 323 00:20:19,934 --> 00:20:22,367 NIGHT CAN USE THE TOPS OF CARDON CACTUS TO ROOST IN. 324 00:20:22,467 --> 00:20:26,367 AND VULTURES, BLACK VULTURES AND TURKEY 325 00:20:26,467 --> 00:20:29,434 VULTURES THAT HAVE TO FIND TALL TREES TO STAY OUT OF 326 00:20:29,534 --> 00:20:31,534 THE WAY OF POTENTIAL PREDATORS, 327 00:20:31,634 --> 00:20:34,467 WILL FREQUENTLY USE CARDON CACTUSES TO ROOST ON. 328 00:20:34,567 --> 00:20:38,300 AND IN FACT, THEY WILL FREQUENT THE SAME PATCH OF 329 00:20:38,400 --> 00:20:42,534 CARDONS WITH GREAT REPETITION, 330 00:20:42,634 --> 00:20:44,734 AND YOU CAN FIND THESE PLACES PRETTY 331 00:20:44,834 --> 00:20:46,667 EASILY BY JUST LOOKING FOR WHITEWASHED 332 00:20:46,767 --> 00:20:51,200 CARDONS FROM ALL THE VULTURE DROPPINGS. 333 00:20:51,300 --> 00:20:54,701 AND, OF COURSE, OTHER BIRDS WILL USE THOSE CARDONS TOO. 334 00:20:54,801 --> 00:20:56,300 RED TAIL HAWKS WILL PERCH IN THEM. 335 00:20:56,400 --> 00:21:02,033 RED TAIL HAWKS WILL BUILD NESTS IN THEM. OSPREYS NEST IN THEM. 336 00:21:02,133 --> 00:21:06,267 BUT THEY, THEY ARE ONE OF THE DOMINANT STRUCTURES IN 337 00:21:06,367 --> 00:21:10,334 THAT SHORE LINE, THE SHORE SIDE OF THE SHORE LINE, 338 00:21:10,434 --> 00:21:13,601 AND A LOT OF THE BIRDS USE THEM FOR ROOSTING OR LOOKOUT PLACES. 339 00:21:13,701 --> 00:21:23,267 [NATURE SOUNDS] 340 00:21:23,367 --> 00:21:25,434 CARDONS WITH WITH OSPREY HOMES ON TOP 341 00:21:25,534 --> 00:21:27,667 ARE FAMILIAR IN THE SIERRA BACHA. 342 00:21:27,767 --> 00:21:29,501 ABOUT A THIRD OF THE WAY ALONG THE SHORE FROM 343 00:21:29,601 --> 00:21:33,334 PUERTO PEÑASCO SOUTH TO GUAYMAS IS THIS ONE-OF-A-KIND 344 00:21:33,434 --> 00:21:37,100 PATCH OF MOUNTAIN DESERT RIGHT NEXT TO DEEP OCEAN. 345 00:21:37,200 --> 00:21:40,434 HERE AMONG THE CARDONS IS WHERE THE SARI INDIANS 346 00:21:40,534 --> 00:21:43,534 BELIEVE SOME GIANT ANCESTORS WERE SWALLOWED UP 347 00:21:43,634 --> 00:21:47,467 BY A GREAT FLOOD AND THAT WASN'T ENTIRELY THE END OF THE GIANTS. 348 00:21:47,567 --> 00:21:50,400 THEY WERE TURNED INTO BOOJUM TREES, 349 00:21:50,501 --> 00:21:52,767 SO BOOJUMS ARE POWERFUL TREES. 350 00:21:52,868 --> 00:21:55,067 IF YOU CUT THEM, YOU CAUSE THE WIND TO BLOW. 351 00:21:55,167 --> 00:21:57,934 THE SIERRA BACHA TENDS TO PUSH YOUR IMAGINATION, THOUGH. 352 00:21:58,067 --> 00:22:03,133 IT'S GOT BOOJUMS AND TEDDY BEARS AND FOG. 353 00:22:03,234 --> 00:22:05,767 THAT'S RIGHT, AS IN LONDON FOG. 354 00:22:05,868 --> 00:22:14,501 THE CARDON IS THE VERY LARGE, COLUMNAR CACTUS WHICH IT FORMS A 355 00:22:14,601 --> 00:22:18,300 FOREST ON THE SAND DUNES JUST NORTH OF THE SIERRA BACHA. 356 00:22:18,400 --> 00:22:21,968 IT'S ONE OF THE LARGEST COLUMNAR CACTI, 357 00:22:22,067 --> 00:22:24,601 AND EVEN THOUGH IT SUPERFICIALLY LOOKS LIKE 358 00:22:24,701 --> 00:22:27,167 THE SAGUARO, IT'S REALLY NOT VERY CLOSELY RELATED. 359 00:22:27,267 --> 00:22:31,300 THE CARDONS HAVE A LARGE FLESHY FRUIT THAT TURNS 360 00:22:31,400 --> 00:22:35,467 BRIGHT RED WHEN IT'S RIPE AND THE FLESH INSIDE IS 361 00:22:35,567 --> 00:22:38,300 VERY TASTY; IT TASTES KIND OF LIKE FIGS AND IT'S 362 00:22:38,400 --> 00:22:43,133 EATEN BY PEOPLE AND WHATEVER ANIMALS CAN REACH IT. 363 00:22:43,234 --> 00:22:50,033 THE SONORAN DESERT IS REALLY MADE UP OF TWO 364 00:22:50,133 --> 00:22:51,501 AREAS WHICH HAVE DIFFERENT EVOLUTIONARY HISTORIES. 365 00:22:51,601 --> 00:22:54,868 ABOUT TWELVE MILLION YEARS AGO THE BAJA CALIFORNIA 366 00:22:54,968 --> 00:22:58,367 PENINSULA SPLIT APART FROM MAINLAND MEXICO AND, 367 00:22:58,467 --> 00:23:01,801 LEAVING THE PLANTS ON THE MAINLAND ITSELF. 368 00:23:01,901 --> 00:23:06,200 THEN THE THINGS THAT WERE ON THE PENINSULA UNDERWENT 369 00:23:06,300 --> 00:23:12,801 A MAJOR EVOLUTIONARY RADIATION. 370 00:23:12,901 --> 00:23:16,300 THE SIERRA BACHA IS A SPECIAL DESERT MOUNTAIN 371 00:23:16,400 --> 00:23:18,367 RANGE SITUATED ON THE EDGE OF THE COAST. 372 00:23:18,467 --> 00:23:25,501 [WAVES RUSHING] 373 00:23:25,601 --> 00:23:27,901 SIERRA BACHA IS A UNIQUE PLACE BECAUSE IT HAS 374 00:23:28,000 --> 00:23:32,133 MANY ELEMENTS THAT ARE TYPICAL OF THE GULF COAST 375 00:23:32,234 --> 00:23:34,968 PART OF THE SONORAN DESERT BUT IT ALSO HAS A NUMBER 376 00:23:35,067 --> 00:23:37,834 OF RELIC POPULATIONS OF BAJA CALIFORNIA THINGS. 377 00:23:37,934 --> 00:23:40,767 SO IT SUPPORTS A BIOTIC MIXTURE THAT YOU CAN'T 378 00:23:40,868 --> 00:23:43,133 REALLY FIND ANY PLACE ELSE. 379 00:23:43,234 --> 00:23:48,000 THE BOOJUM TREE WAS ONE OF THE BAJA PLANTS THAT EVOLVED 380 00:23:48,100 --> 00:23:52,934 AS THE PENINSULA WAS ISOLATED AND BEGAN TO MOVE NORTH. 381 00:23:53,033 --> 00:23:59,033 THE BOOJUM TREES ARE A CLOSE RELATIVE OF THE 382 00:23:59,133 --> 00:24:01,300 OCOTILLO WHICH IS WIDESPREAD IN THE NORTH 383 00:24:01,400 --> 00:24:04,634 AMERICAN DESERTS AND THEY'RE IN THE SAME GENUS 384 00:24:04,734 --> 00:24:08,601 AND THE SAME FAMILY BUT IT'S A SERIES OF PERHAPS A 385 00:24:08,701 --> 00:24:12,434 DOZEN SPECIES THAT ARE FOUND WELL SOUTH INTO MEXICO. A 386 00:24:12,534 --> 00:24:18,734 BOOJUM TREE IS A BIZARRE PLANT THAT'S SHAPED LIKE AN 387 00:24:18,834 --> 00:24:22,200 UPSIDE-DOWN CARROT. IN THE WINTER TIME IT WILL PUT ON 388 00:24:22,300 --> 00:24:26,901 LEAVES AND HAVE MOST OF ITS GROWTH AND THEN LATER IN 389 00:24:27,000 --> 00:24:30,868 THE SPRING WHEN IT GETS HOT, THE LEAVES WILL FALL OFF 390 00:24:30,968 --> 00:24:33,467 BUT IT MAINLY FLOWERS IN THE SUMMER TIME. 391 00:24:33,567 --> 00:24:38,934 THE SIERRA BACHA IS THE ONLY MAINLAND LOCALITY FOR THE PLANT. 392 00:24:39,033 --> 00:24:45,400 TEDDY BEAR CHOLLAS IN THE SIERRA BACHA ARE 393 00:24:45,501 --> 00:24:49,467 ESPECIALLY DENSE FOR SUCH A DRY PLACE AND THE SIERRA 394 00:24:49,567 --> 00:24:52,901 BACHA SITS NEXT TO THE OCEAN THERE ON A COASTAL 395 00:24:53,000 --> 00:24:56,367 SETTING AND IT HAS MUCH HIGHER RELATIVE HUMIDITY 396 00:24:56,467 --> 00:24:58,968 THAN DRYER, MORE INLAND PARTS OF THE DESERT. 397 00:24:59,067 --> 00:25:02,968 THE TEDDY BEAR CHOLLA FOREST THERE IS AS DENSE 398 00:25:03,067 --> 00:25:07,634 AS ANYWHERE THAT YOU CAN FIND IT. 399 00:25:07,734 --> 00:25:13,734 IT ALSO HAS A SPECIAL LOCAL CLIMATIC FEATURE IN 400 00:25:13,834 --> 00:25:19,100 THAT THE WATER OFF THE COAST IS VERY DEEP AND 401 00:25:19,200 --> 00:25:23,534 THERE'S AN UP WELLING OF COLD WATER WHICH COOLS OFF THE SUMMER 402 00:25:23,634 --> 00:25:27,834 TEMPERATURES AND GENERATES FOGS IN THE WINTER TIME. 403 00:25:27,934 --> 00:25:30,834 SO IT ENDS UP WITH A NARROW STRIP OF A FOG BELT ALONG 404 00:25:30,934 --> 00:25:36,567 THE COAST. AND IT'S DUE TO THIS FOG BELT THAT MANY OF THE BAJA 405 00:25:36,667 --> 00:25:40,334 CALIFORNIA PLANTS CAN PERSIST ALONG THE COAST. 406 00:25:40,434 --> 00:25:46,467 DRY LAND, THE POWER IN THAT LITTLE PHRASE 407 00:25:46,567 --> 00:25:49,968 PROBABLY COMES FROM PEOPLE WHO LIVE WITH THE SEA, 408 00:25:50,067 --> 00:25:52,501 MEANING SAFE AGAIN, BACK IN YOUR OWN ELEMENT. 409 00:25:52,601 --> 00:25:54,601 IT'S A BEAUTIFUL THOUGHT TO ANYBODY 410 00:25:54,701 --> 00:25:57,801 WHO'S BEEN OUT OF THE WATER TOO LONG. 411 00:25:57,901 --> 00:26:02,067 OF COURSE, WHEN YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT THE DESERT, 412 00:26:02,167 --> 00:26:03,667 DRY LAND MIGHT SOUND LIKE A DIFFERENT STORY. 413 00:26:03,767 --> 00:26:06,033 TRUTH IS, THE SONORAN DESERT IS FAMILIAR AND 414 00:26:06,133 --> 00:26:11,067 WELCOMING AND SAFE FOR LOTS OF LIVING THINGS FROM BOTH WORLDS, 415 00:26:11,167 --> 00:26:16,200 JUST LIKE IT DOES TO LONESOME SAILORS, DRY LAND MEANS HOME. 416 00:26:16,300 --> 00:27:13,100 [MUSIC] 417 00:27:13,200 --> 00:27:15,634 MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE DESERT SPEAKS HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY 418 00:27:15,734 --> 00:27:19,801 ASARCO, INC., AN INTEGRATED PRODUCER OF NONFERROUS METALS 419 00:27:19,901 --> 00:27:22,267 AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL MINERALS AND PRODUCTS. 420 00:27:22,367 --> 00:27:24,300 ASARCO, INC., ADDING VALUE TO NATURE'S RESOURCES.