WEBVTT

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FUNDING FORTHE DESERT
SPEAKSHAS BEEN PROVIDED

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BY ASARCO INC., ASARCO
PRODUCING THE METALS WE

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ALL NEED, RESPECTING THE
ENVIRONMENT WE ALL VALUE.

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AND HEADQUARTERED
IN TUCSON, ARIZONA,

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INTERGROUP HEALTHCARE
CORPORATION IS A MANAGED

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HEALTHCARE COMPANY SERVING MORE
THAN A QUARTER MILLION MEMBERS.

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AND BY, THE ARIZONA GAME
AND FISH HERITAGE FUND,

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ARIZONA'S LOTTERY DOLLARS
WORKING FOR WILDLIFE.

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[MUSIC AND NATURE SOUNDS]

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IN THE DESERT, A RIVER IN A
CELEBRITY;

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WHEREVER THE RIVER GOES, A
CROWD OF LIVING THINGS GATHERS.

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THAT'S WHERE
THE ACTION IS.

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PEOPLE LOSE THEIR
HEADS OVER RIVERS.

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THEY SPEAK OF THEM
AS IF THEY WERE GODS.

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THEY FALL IN LOVE WITH
THEM, FIGHT OVER THEM.

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THEY'RE ALSO SHOCKED AND HURT
WHEN THE RIVER BECOMES VIOLENT.

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BUT A RIVER'S ANYTHING
BUT MYSTERIOUS.

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THERE'S NOTHING
SPONTANEOUS ABOUT

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RELENTLESS OBEDIENCE
TO THE LAW OF GRAVITY.

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WHAT'S MAGICAL ABOUT A RIVER
IS THE LIFE THAT'S FASTENED TO

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ITS BANKS AND THE SHAPE OF A
LAND THAT FAILS TO CONTAIN IT.

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DEAD CENTER IN THE STATE OF
ARIZONA IS THE VERDE RIVER.

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FOR MOST OF ITS COURSE IT
ESCAPES MODERN CIVILIZATION AND

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EVEN AMONG CELEBRITIES
THE VERDE STANDS APART.

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CONGRESS RECOGNIZED THIS
AND OFFICIALLY NAMED IT

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BOTH ARIZONA'S FIRST SCENIC
AND FIRST WILD RIVER.

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IT'S ALSO THE RIGHT
PLACE TO BOOST A FEW OF

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ARIZONA'S NATIVE
FISH POPULATIONS.

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MOST OF THE STATE'S THIRTY-FOUR
NATIVE FISHES ARE IN TROUBLE.

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THE VERDE RIVER SYSTEM
IS VITAL TO THE NATIVE

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FISH SPECIES OF ARIZONA. IT'S
ONE OF THE

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LARGEST RIVER
DRAINAGES IN THE

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STATE AND IT HARBORS A
LARGE ASSEMBLAGE OF NATIVE

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FISH SPECIES MANY OF
WHICH ARE NOW IN DANGER.

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THE VERDE RIVER HAS
PERENNIAL WATER THROUGHOUT

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MOST OF ITS REACH
THROUGHOUT THE YEAR.

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THEREFORE IT AFFORDS
US AN OPPORTUNITY FOR

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REINTRODUCTIONS AND FOR
MANAGEMENT ON SITE.

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FISHERY SURVEYS ARE
DONE USING A VARIETY OF

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TECHNIQUES; WE USE SEINING
AND ELECTRO-SHOCKING.

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SMALLER STREAMS WE
DO USE DIPNETTING.

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WHAT A SURVEY INVOLVES IS
GOING OUT AND TRYING TO

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CATCH AS MANY DIFFERENT
FISH AS WE CAN THAT ARE IN

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THE SYSTEM AND TO TRY AND
DOCUMENT HOW MANY THERE

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ARE IN A GIVEN AREA SO
THAT WE CAN GO BACK AND

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ATTEMPT TO CALCULATE THE
DENSITY OF EACH SPECIES

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AND HOW THEY'RE
RELATED TO EACH OTHER.

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AN ADULT RAZORBACK SUCKER SEEMS
TO PREFER DEEP POOLS AND RIVERS.

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AND THIS IS ONE OF THE FEW
BIG DEEP POOLS IN THE VERDE.

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FOUR SCARS.

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ONCE WE'VE CAPTURED A
RAZORBACK WE CAN KEEP TRACK OF

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THE INDIVIDUALS BY INJECTING
WHAT'S CALLED A PIT TAG.

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IT'S A PASSIVE INTEGRATED
TRANSPONDER AND WHAT THAT

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IS IT'S A SMALL CIRCUIT
BOARD THAT WHEN IT RECEIVES A

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SIGNAL FROM A TAG READER
WILL EMIT A SIGNAL THAT'S A

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UNIQUE NUMBER THAT WE CAN USE
TO IDENTIFY AN INDIVIDUAL FISH.

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NATIVE FISHES SUCH AS THE
SEVEN THAT WE FIND HERE IN

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THE VERDE RIVER ARE
IMPORTANT TO THE ECOSYSTEM

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BECAUSE THEY HELP SUSTAIN
OTHER SPECIES IN THE FOOD WEB.

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FOR EXAMPLE, HERE IN
ARIZONA WHERE WE HAVE THE

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SOUTHERN POPULATION
OF THE BALD EAGLE,

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THE EAGLE HAS POSSIBLY
ADAPTED AND EVOLVED UNDER

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THE SAME CONDITIONS THAT
THE NATIVE SPECIES HAVE,

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THAT BEING CONDITIONS OF
DROUGHT AND OF FLOOD,

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DIFFERENT CYCLES,
DIFFERENT WATER EVENTS.

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BECAUSE THE NATIVE FISH
SPECIES ARE ABLE TO

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TOLERATE THESE
EXTREMES IN FLOWS,

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IN AFFECT TEND TO
CONGREGATE AT CERTAIN

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TIMES OF THE YEAR
FOR THEIR SPAWNING,

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THE BALD EAGLE
AND OTHER BIRD,

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FISH-EATING BIRD SPECIES
SUCH AS THE OSPREY AND THE

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HERONS CAN USE THESE
SPECIES AS A RELIABLE FOOD

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SOURCE YEAR ROUND
INCLUDING DURING THEIR

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NESTING AND
REPRODUCTIVE TIME.

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NATIVE FISH EVOLVED IN THE
DESERT SYSTEM WHERE WE'RE

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USED TO HAVING FLASH
FLOODS WHERE THE WATER

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RISES THREE, FOUR, FIVE
FEET IN A MATTER OF MINUTES.

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MOST OF THEM ARE BOTTOM
DWELLING FISH AND AS THE

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RIVER, THE FLOW INCREASES,
THEY STAY DOWN IN THE

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BOTTOM WHERE THE
VELOCITY'S A LITTLE SLOWER.

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THE EXOTICS, MOST OF THEM
SEEM TO BE MAIN CHANNEL

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FISH WHEN THEY'RE UP IN
THE WATER COLUMN AND WHEN

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THE WATER VELOCITY INCREASES,
THEY JUST GET FLUSHED OUT.

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IT'S A FAT HEAD MINNOW. IT'S
ANOTHER EXOTIC.

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THREATS FACING THE NATIVE
FISH SPECIES IN THE VERDE

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RIVER ARE FAIRLY TYPICAL
OF THE THREATS FACING

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NATIVE FISH SPECIES
THROUGHOUT THE STATES.

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WE HAVE A LARGE DEVELOPING
POPULATION ALONG THE VERDE RIVER

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INCLUDING THE TOWNS OF PRESCOTT
AND CAMP VERDE AND COTTONWOOD.

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ALL OF THESE MUNICIPAL WATER
USERS WILL NEED PORTIONS OF

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THE VERDE RIVER FOR THEIR
GROWTH AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT.

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THE VERDE RIVER HAS TWO
LARGE DAMS AT THE, ON THE LOWER3

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VERDE ARE CREATING HORSESHOE
AND BARTLETT RESERVOIRS.

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THERE ARE NUMEROUS
NON-NATIVE SPECIES THAT

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HAVE EITHER INADVERTENTLY
OR PURPOSEFULLY BEEN

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INTRODUCED INTO
THE VERDE RIVER.

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THESE ARE A THREAT TO
OUR NATIVE SPECIES.

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THERE'S A MOUNTAIN SUCKER
AND THE REST ARE PROMELAS.

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WE HAVE A VAST GRAZING
INTERESTS AND SOME MINING

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INTERESTS ALONG THE VERDE
RIVER AND WE HAVE HIGH

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RECREATIONAL USE
OF THE VERDE RIVER.

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ALL OF THESE THINGS TO
VARYING DEGREES CAN POSE A

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THREAT TO THE
NATIVE FISH SPECIES.

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RAZORBACK SUCKER
HISTORICALLY WERE PRESENT

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THROUGHOUT THE VERDE RIVER
SYSTEM AND THEY'VE BEEN

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EXTIRPATED AND PART OF THE
PROJECT THAT WE'RE DOING

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RIGHT NOW IS TO ATTEMPT
REINTRODUCING THEM AND SEE

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IF WE CAN GET THEM
TO SURVIVE IN HERE.

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AND THEN, IF WE CAN GET,
ONCE WE GET THEM TO

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SURVIVE WE'RE GOING TO
ATTEMPT TO GET THEM TO

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REPRODUCE NATURALLY AND IF
WE CAN GET THAT TO OCCUR,

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THEN THE RAZORBACK
SUCKER WILL BECOME

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A PART OF THIS VERDE RIVER
ECOSYSTEM AGAIN.

06:58.999 --> 07:09.375 align:start
A DESERT RIVER SERVES MORE THAN
THE FULL TIME ANIMAL RESIDENTS.

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IT'S ALSO A BRIDGE
BETWEEN CLIMATES.

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FOR TRAVELING BIRDS, THE
RIVER IS BOTH THE FLIGHT

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PLAN AND A
TEMPORARY HAVEN.

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THERE AREN'T THAT MANY LARGE
RIVERS IN THE SOUTHWEST.

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SO THE VERDE RIVER,
THE SALT RIVER,

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THE GILA RIVER AND
THE COLORADO RIVER,

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SAN PEDRO RIVER ARE MAJOR
RIVER SYSTEMS IN ARIZONA.

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THE VERDE RIVER IS
ONE OF THOSE AND IT

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COULD SERVE AS AN IMPORTANT
MIGRATION CORRIDOR

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FOR THE TROPICAL MIGRATORY
BIRDS.

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ARIZONA PARTNERS IN FLIGHT
IS A STATE-WORKING GROUP

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OFF THE PARTNERS
IN FLIGHT GROUP,

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WHICH IS AN INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATION TO CONSERVE

07:51.999 --> 07:53.918 align:start
THE DECLINE OF NEO-TROPICAL
MIGRATORY BIRDS.

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IN ARIZONA MOST OF OUR SENSITIVE
BIRDS ARE IN RIPARIAN HABITATS.

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THE SOUTHWESTERN WILLOW
FLYCATCHER IS PROPOSED FOR

08:06.000 --> 08:09.667 align:start
LISTING AS AN ENDANGERED
SPECIES WITH CRITICAL HABITAT.

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AND IN THE STATE WE'RE
TRYING TO DO SURVEYS SO

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THAT WE CAN FIND OUT WHAT
THEIR POPULATIONS ARE LIKE

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NOW, WHAT THE
BREEDING STATUS IS,

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WHAT PRODUCTIVITY IS
LIKE FOR BREEDING.

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THE MALES WILL SING A
STRONGER FITZ-BEW AND

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THEY'LL SING MORE
REGULARLY THAN FEMALES;

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FEMALES OFTEN SING A VERY
SOFT FITZ-BEW AND DON'T

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SING IT AS MUCH
AS MALES DO.

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THEY SEEM TO NEST IN
HABITAT THAT HAS A VERY

08:44.584 --> 08:47.751 align:start
DENSE UNDERSTORY, IN SOME
CASES THAT UNDERSTORY HAS

08:47.751 --> 08:51.667 align:start
AN OVERSTORY WHERE IT'S
USUALLY COTTONWOODS OR WILLOWS.

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OTHER BIRD SPECIES THAT
OCCUPY THE SAME HABITAT AS

08:59.999 --> 09:03.250 align:start
SOUTHWESTERN WILLOW
FLYCATCHERS INCLUDE YELLOW

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WARBLERS,
NORTHERN ORIOLES,

09:06.334 --> 09:10.584 align:start
YELLOW-BREASTED
CHATS, SONG SPARROWS,

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A LOT OF RESIDENT BIRDS AS
WELL AS MIGRATORY BIRDS.

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HERONS ARE ALONG THE WIDER
STRETCHES OF THE RIVER. THEY'RE

09:20.250 --> 09:23.834 align:start
NOT NECESSARILY IN THE SAME
HABITAT AS WILLOW FLYCATCHERS;

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IT DEPENDS ON WHERE THE HABITAT
IS IN RELATION TO THE RIVER.

09:30.042 --> 09:32.209 align:start
IN SOME SPOTS
WE HAD WILLOW

09:32.209 --> 09:35.999 align:start
FLYCATCHER HABITAT RIGHT
NEXT TO LARGE FLOWING RIVERS

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AND OTHER AREAS THEY'RE
JUST IN SEEPY SPOTS WHERE

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WE DON'T HAVE THE HERON
COMPONENT.

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WILLOW FLYCATCHERS ARE
INSECTIVORES AND THE

09:47.751 --> 09:51.375 align:start
HABITATS THEY LIVE IN SUPPORT
A HIGH DENSITY OF INSECTS.

09:51.375 --> 09:55.292 align:start
IN SOME AREAS WHERE WE'VE
GOT TAMARISK INVADING,

09:55.292 --> 09:58.959 align:start
WE'RE NOT SURE WHETHER
THE INSECT COMPONENT

09:58.959 --> 10:01.626 align:start
IS THE SAME AS IN
AN AREA WHERE YOU'D

10:01.626 --> 10:04.834 align:start
HAVE WILLOWS AND OTHER NATIVE
SPECIES.

10:04.834 --> 10:09.167 align:start
THE TAMARISK AREAS
MIGHT HAVE A DIFFERENT

10:09.167 --> 10:13.042 align:start
MICRO-CLIMATE THAN THE
NATIVE VEGETATION AREAS

10:13.042 --> 10:16.626 align:start
BECAUSE THEY'RE
DRIER UNDERNEATH.

10:16.626 --> 10:21.083 align:start
IT MIGHT MAKE HABITAT MORE
PRONE TO COWBIRD PARASITISM.

10:21.083 --> 10:27.751 align:start
THEY ARE FREE TO PROTECT
THE HABITAT THAT

10:27.751 --> 10:29.125 align:start
SOUTHWESTERN WILLOW
FLYCATCHERS ARE IN THEN

10:29.125 --> 10:31.751 align:start
WOULD ALSO BE PROTECTING
HABITAT FOR OTHER SPECIES,

10:31.751 --> 10:35.250 align:start
WHICH INCLUDE OTHER SENSITIVE
BIRDS AS WELL AS HERPS AND

10:35.250 --> 10:39.959 align:start
FISH AND OTHER THINGS THAT ARE
DEPENDENT ON RIPARIAN HABITATS.

10:39.959 --> 10:46.042 align:start
HERPS ARE AMPHIBIANS
AND REPTILES.

10:46.042 --> 10:49.959 align:start
THEY'RE AT HOME ON THE
VERDE TOO, FIRMLY ATTACHED

10:49.959 --> 10:53.000 align:start
IN THE FOOD CHAIN TO BOTH
THE BIRDS AND THE FISH.

10:53.000 --> 10:58.834 align:start
WELL, THE VERDE FORMERLY
HOSTED POPULATIONS OF LOW

10:58.834 --> 11:05.999 align:start
LAND LEOPARD FROGS AND ARIZONA
TOADS, MEXICAN GARTER SNAKES.

11:05.999 --> 11:09.792 align:start
IN THE HIGHER ELEVATION
AREAS OF THE VERDE FURTHER

11:09.792 --> 11:12.292 align:start
UPSTREAM FROM HERE, NARROW
HEADED GARTER SNAKES.

11:12.292 --> 11:14.417 align:start
THOSE ARE THE
SENSITIVE SPECIES THAT

11:14.417 --> 11:17.417 align:start
SOMETIMES STILL OCCUR
IN LIMITED AREAS OF

11:17.417 --> 11:20.209 align:start
THE VERDE RIVER AND SIDE
DRAINAGES.

11:20.209 --> 11:22.459 align:start
THERE ARE QUITE A FEW
MORE COMMON SPECIES,

11:22.459 --> 11:25.250 align:start
THINGS LIKE THE CHECKERED
GARTER SNAKE AND THE BLACK

11:25.250 --> 11:27.375 align:start
NECK GARTER SNAKE AND SOME
OTHER SPECIES OF TOADS

11:27.375 --> 11:30.999 align:start
THAT DO OCCASIONALLY USE
HABITATS ALONG THE VERDE RIVER.

11:30.999 --> 11:37.999 align:start
THERE ARE SOME OF THE RAPTORS
THAT DO FEED ON SNAKES AND

11:37.999 --> 11:44.292 align:start
FROGS. THINGS LIKE BLACK HAWKS
IN SOME AREAS CAN BE HIGHLY

11:44.292 --> 11:47.167 align:start
DEPENDENT ON LEOPARD
FROGS AS A FOOD SOURCE.

11:47.167 --> 11:50.626 align:start
THERE ARE ALSO A
LOT OF WADING BIRDS,

11:50.626 --> 11:53.459 align:start
A LOT OF THE HERONS AND
SO ON THAT FEED FAIRLY

11:53.459 --> 11:57.083 align:start
HEAVILY ON FROGS
ESPECIALLY IN ADDITION TO

11:57.083 --> 12:03.542 align:start
SOME OF THEIR OTHER FOOD,
SOME OF THE FISHES AND THINGS.

12:03.542 --> 12:05.626 align:start
WELL, A LOT OF THE
SIDE DRAINAGES ARE,

12:05.626 --> 12:07.459 align:start
CONSIST OF SMALL SPRING
HEADS AND SHORT STRETCHES

12:07.459 --> 12:10.584 align:start
OF PERENNIAL FLOW THAT ARE
SEPARATED FROM THE MAIN

12:10.584 --> 12:15.042 align:start
CHANNEL OF THE VERDE BY LONG
STRETCHES OF JUST DRY WASH.

12:15.042 --> 12:18.999 align:start
AND SO A LOT OF THE
NON-NATIVE PREDATORS AND

12:18.999 --> 12:20.999 align:start
COMPETITORS LIKE BULLFROGS
AND SPORT FISH ARE NOT

12:20.999 --> 12:25.459 align:start
ABLE TO INVADE
THOSE HABITATS.

12:25.459 --> 12:26.999 align:start
SO THOSE, SOME OF THOSE
SIDE DRAINAGES ARE STILL

12:26.999 --> 12:29.999 align:start
FREE OF THE NON-NATIVES
AND THE NATIVE THINGS ARE

12:29.999 --> 12:36.999 align:start
ABLE TO HANG ON IN SOME
OF THOSE AREAS THEN.

12:36.999 --> 12:37.999 align:start
FOR SOME OF THE
NATIVE FISHES,

12:37.999 --> 12:41.167 align:start
THE FAILURE OF THE WATER
TO FOLLOW FLOOD CYCLES

12:41.167 --> 12:45.999 align:start
THAT GO UP AND DOWN
DISRUPT THE REPRODUCTIVE

12:45.999 --> 12:48.751 align:start
PATTERNS, SPAWNING
AND SO ON.

12:48.751 --> 12:50.542 align:start
AND THAT MAY BE THE CASE
FOR SOME OF THE NATIVE

12:50.542 --> 12:52.751 align:start
AMPHIBIANS AS WELL, FOR
SOME OF THE LEOPARD FROGS

12:52.751 --> 12:55.375 align:start
THAT USE BACKWATERS
AS BREEDING AREAS.

12:55.375 --> 12:57.417 align:start
THOSE BACKWATERS
NO LONGER HAVE THE

12:57.417 --> 13:00.209 align:start
SAME DYNAMICS THAT THEY DID
BEFORE THE DAMS WENT IN

13:00.209 --> 13:03.959 align:start
SO THE LIFE HISTORY THAT
HAS EVOLVED FOR THESE

13:03.959 --> 13:05.999 align:start
SPECIES TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF
THOSE RISING

13:05.999 --> 13:09.250 align:start
AND FALLING BACKWATERS JUST NO
LONGER WORKS.

13:09.250 --> 13:15.709 align:start
A LOT OF THESE SENSITIVE
NATIVE SPECIES THAT WE'RE

13:15.709 --> 13:17.959 align:start
TALKING ABOUT LIKE LEOPARD
FROGS AND SOME OF THE

13:17.959 --> 13:22.667 align:start
GARTER SNAKES, OCCUR ONLY
IN ARIZONA OR MAINLY IN

13:22.667 --> 13:26.667 align:start
ARIZONA IN THE
UNITED STATES,

13:26.667 --> 13:28.334 align:start
SO IF WE LOSE
THEM FROM ARIZONA,

13:28.334 --> 13:31.167 align:start
THEN THEY'RE LOST FROM THE
UNITED STATES AND PERHAPS

13:31.167 --> 13:37.667 align:start
FROM THE WORLD DEPENDING
ON THE SPECIES.

13:37.667 --> 13:41.417 align:start
ALL KINDS OF ANIMALS VISIT THE
WATER OF COURSE. EVERYBODY NEEDS

13:41.417 --> 13:45.792 align:start
A DRINK. BUT THE DESERT'S THE
LAST PLACE YOU'D EXPECT TO FIND

13:45.792 --> 13:53.834 align:start
CERTAIN MAMMALS, THE ONES
THAT ARE AT HOME IN THE WATER.

13:53.834 --> 13:55.999 align:start
WELL, THE TWO SPECIES THAT
YOU'D EXPECT TO SEE IN THE

13:55.999 --> 13:59.209 align:start
RIVER SYSTEM INCLUDE THE
BEAVER AND THE RIVER OTTER.

13:59.209 --> 14:02.667 align:start
THERE'S A NUMBER OF
ANIMALS THAT ALSO USE THE

14:02.667 --> 14:04.999 align:start
WATER IN THE RIVER AND
THEY MIGHT USE IT IN OTHER

14:04.999 --> 14:08.792 align:start
PLACES SUCH AS IN PONDS OR
STOCK TANKS OR THOSE KINDS

14:08.792 --> 14:13.042 align:start
OF STRUCTURES, BUT THE
RIVER OTTER AND THE BEAVER

14:13.042 --> 14:14.959 align:start
BOTH NEED THIS
FREE-FLOWING,

14:14.959 --> 14:17.709 align:start
FAIRLY GOOD QUALITY WATER
AND THEY ALSO NEED THE

14:17.709 --> 14:21.667 align:start
HABITAT TYPE THAT'S
ASSOCIATED WITH THE RIVER.

14:21.667 --> 14:32.292 align:start
THE BEAVER REALLY HELPS
TO MAINTAIN THE WATER QUALITY.

14:32.292 --> 14:36.999 align:start
IT WILL THROUGH
ITS CUTTING OF

14:36.999 --> 14:39.042 align:start
TREES AND SHRUBS AND
BUILDING OF DAMS WILL

14:39.042 --> 14:43.667 align:start
BUILD AREAS THAT SLOW THE WATER
FLOW,

14:43.667 --> 14:46.999 align:start
ACTUALLY BRING THE SEDIMENT
OUT OF THE WATER AND

14:46.999 --> 14:51.209 align:start
NOTED FOR MAINTAINING SOME
OF THE VEGETATION ALL ALONG

14:51.209 --> 14:55.584 align:start
THE STREAM BANKS BECAUSE THEY
CAN ACTUALLY CLIP OFF SOME

14:55.584 --> 14:57.792 align:start
OF THIS VEGETATION AS IT GETS
OLD AND

14:57.792 --> 15:01.375 align:start
DECADENT AND ALLOW THE SPROUT A
NEW GROWTH.

15:01.375 --> 15:07.459 align:start
NOW WITH THE RIVER OTTER
ACTUALLY THEIR ROLE IN

15:07.459 --> 15:09.375 align:start
THIS SYSTEM IS, YOU KNOW,
THEY'RE A PREDATOR ON THE

15:09.375 --> 15:13.626 align:start
FISH THAT ARE IN THE RIVER
AND THEY PERHAPS PROVIDE

15:13.626 --> 15:17.876 align:start
SOME KIND OF A CHECK AND BALANCE
SYSTEM THERE FOR THE FISH.

15:17.876 --> 15:25.125 align:start
IN THE PAST, THE RIVER
OTTER POPULATION WAS

15:25.125 --> 15:28.209 align:start
FAIRLY LOW ALONG THIS
STRETCH OF THE RIVER AND

15:28.209 --> 15:30.999 align:start
THE GAME AND FISH
DEPARTMENT SEVERAL YEARS AGO

15:30.999 --> 15:35.626 align:start
BROUGHT IN SOME LIVE CAPTURED
RIVER OTTERS THAT THEY RELEASED

15:35.626 --> 15:38.709 align:start
ON THE VERDE RIVER IN A COUPLE
OF DIFFERENT LOCATIONS.

15:38.709 --> 15:41.834 align:start
AND BECAUSE OF THAT, THE
POPULATION WAS BROUGHT UP

15:41.834 --> 15:44.834 align:start
BACK TO WHERE IT IS VIABLE
AND PRODUCES ENOUGH TO

15:44.834 --> 15:48.417 align:start
MAINTAIN RIVER OTTERS ALONG
THIS STRETCH OF THE RIVER.

15:48.417 --> 15:53.876 align:start
I DON'T BELIEVE THAT IF
THAT ACTION HAD BEEN TAKEN

15:53.876 --> 15:57.792 align:start
THAT THERE WOULD BE RIVER OTTERS
ALONG THE VERDE RIVER TODAY.

15:57.792 --> 16:05.000 align:start
THEY'VE BEEN HERE FOR MANY
THOUSANDS OF YEARS BEFORE

16:05.000 --> 16:11.334 align:start
THERE WERE PEOPLE HERE. AND
THESE ARE A GOOD EXAMPLE OF AN

16:11.334 --> 16:13.501 align:start
ANIMAL THAT WE CAN MAINTAIN, A
PART OF OUR HERITAGE

16:13.501 --> 16:16.501 align:start
THAT REALLY DOESN'T
REQUIRE A LOT OF INVESTMENT.

16:16.501 --> 16:21.542 align:start
PEOPLE GOTTA KINDA LEAVE
'EM BE THEIR OWN THING AND

16:21.542 --> 16:25.250 align:start
WE'VE GOT TO CONTINUE TO
ALLOW WATER TO FLOW DOWN

16:25.250 --> 16:28.751 align:start
THE RIVER AND IT'S A
FAIRLY SIMPLE WAY TO

16:28.751 --> 16:31.167 align:start
MAINTAIN THIS PART
OF OUR HERITAGE.

16:31.167 --> 16:39.918 align:start
IT'S NOT AS IF THE VERDE
ENJOYED PERFECT PRIVACY

16:39.918 --> 16:42.250 align:start
BEFORE CONGRESS
TOOK NOTE OF IT.

16:42.250 --> 16:43.999 align:start
MATTER OF FACT,
AT ONE TIME,

16:43.999 --> 16:46.999 align:start
THE BANKS OF THE RIVER
SUPPORTED THIS CIVILIZATION.

16:46.999 --> 16:50.584 align:start
LONG BEFORE THE WHITE
MAN THOUGHT OF NATIONAL

16:50.584 --> 16:51.999 align:start
PRESERVES OR HYDROELECTRIC
POWER, THE VERDE WAS

16:51.999 --> 16:56.250 align:start
A MAIN HIGHWAY WITH HUNDREDS
OF SETTLEMENTS ON BOTH BANKS.

16:56.250 --> 16:59.999 align:start
THIS WAS ANOTHER TIME,
WHEN PEOPLE STILL MOVED TO

16:59.999 --> 17:03.334 align:start
THE WATER INSTEAD OF
MOVING THE WATER TO THEM.

17:03.334 --> 17:09.209 align:start
SOMETHING ELSE HAS CHANGED
SINCE THEN AND THAT'S THE

17:09.209 --> 17:13.626 align:start
NUMBER OF PLACES WHERE
WATER FLOWS. MOST ARE GONE.

17:13.626 --> 17:16.209 align:start
WHICH MAKES THE VERDE
STAND OUT EVEN MORE.

17:16.209 --> 17:18.999 align:start
TO GET A GOOD PICTURE
OF JUST WHAT'S LEFT OF

17:18.999 --> 17:22.167 align:start
RIPARIAN AREAS, THE
ARIZONA LEGISLATURE

17:22.167 --> 17:26.125 align:start
HAS ORDERED UP A
STATEWIDE STUDY INCLUDING

17:26.125 --> 17:28.876 align:start
MAPPING AND MEASURING THE
VEGETATION.

17:28.876 --> 17:34.375 align:start
PART OF THE PROBLEM WITH TRYING
TO ASSESS THE CURRENT STATUS

17:34.375 --> 17:36.876 align:start
OF RIPARIAN AREAS IS THAT
WE DON'T REALLY UNDERSTAND

17:36.876 --> 17:39.999 align:start
HOW MUCH THEY'VE
CHANGED FROM HISTORICAL TIMES.

17:39.999 --> 17:45.999 align:start
WE HAVE A LOT OF JOURNAL
ENTRIES THAT DISCUSS WHAT

17:45.999 --> 17:48.834 align:start
THESE AREAS LOOKED LIKE IN
THE PAST BUT THERE'S NO

17:48.834 --> 17:53.042 align:start
COMPREHENSIVE MEASURE THAT
WE CAN COMPARE AGAINST.

17:53.042 --> 17:58.709 align:start
AND SO PART OF THE REASON
WHY WE'RE DOING THIS

17:58.709 --> 18:00.999 align:start
MAPPING RIGHT NOW IS TO
ESTABLISH A BASELINE OF RIPARIAN

18:00.999 --> 18:04.584 align:start
VEGETATION SO THAT WE CAN
MONITOR CHANGE INTO THE FUTURE.

18:04.584 --> 18:08.709 align:start
THREE-FIVE-FIVE-SEVEN-FOUR
-ONE-ONE.

18:08.709 --> 18:11.501 align:start
WE USE COMPUTERS TO
RANDOMLY SELECT AREAS ON

18:11.501 --> 18:15.999 align:start
THE MAPS AND WE HAVE THE
COORDINATES FOR THOSE

18:15.999 --> 18:20.083 align:start
AREAS SO WE USE THE GPS TO
NAVIGATE AND TO HELP US

18:20.083 --> 18:23.459 align:start
LOCATE EXACTLY WHERE WE
ARE ON THE GROUND SO THAT

18:23.459 --> 18:25.999 align:start
WE KNOW THAT WE
HAVE THE RIGHT SPOT.

18:25.999 --> 18:29.999 align:start
WE ALSO USE VIDEO FRAMES
OFF THE AERIAL VIDEOGRAPHY

18:29.999 --> 18:33.876 align:start
AND WE CAN USE THOSE TO
HELP US LOCATE FEATURES ON

18:33.876 --> 18:37.334 align:start
THE GROUND THAT HELPS US
IDENTIFY EXACTLY WHERE WE'RE AT.

18:37.334 --> 18:43.417 align:start
IN ADDITION TO THAT, WE
USE WHAT WE CALL GROUND

18:43.417 --> 18:45.709 align:start
TROOPING, WHICH
IS ACTUALLY FIELD

18:45.709 --> 18:48.542 align:start
VERIFICATION OF
THE REMOTE SENSING.

18:48.542 --> 18:53.834 align:start
SIZE THREE SHRUB,
HEIGHT THREE.

18:53.834 --> 18:56.792 align:start
WE HAVE IT CODED
FOR A HEIGHT THREE;

18:56.792 --> 18:59.292 align:start
IT'LL BE THREE
TO NINE FEET.

18:59.292 --> 19:01.083 align:start
IT MAKES IT EASIER FOR
THE DATA ENTRY PEOPLE.

19:01.083 --> 19:03.250 align:start
OUR BIOLOGISTS HAVE BEEN
ALL OVER THE STATE WORKING

19:03.250 --> 19:05.042 align:start
ON THIS RIPARIAN INVENTORY
AND THEY FOUND THAT THERE

19:05.042 --> 19:08.125 align:start
ARE VERY FEW AREAS REALLY
THAT HAVE NOT BEEN

19:08.125 --> 19:10.709 align:start
IMPACTED OR ALTERED
TO SOME DEGREE.

19:10.709 --> 19:19.751 align:start
INVASION OF EXOTICS
OR ALTERATION ON THE

19:19.751 --> 19:21.667 align:start
VEGETATION TYPE
IN SOME OTHER WAY.

19:21.667 --> 19:25.999 align:start
REDUCTION IN THE AMOUNT OF
WATER THAT'S AVAILABLE TO

19:25.999 --> 19:28.999 align:start
THE VEGETATION, A VARIETY
OF THINGS THAT HAVE

19:28.999 --> 19:31.999 align:start
IMPACTED THESE AREAS THAT
WE REALLY KNOW ABOUT BUT

19:31.999 --> 19:35.999 align:start
WE JUST DON'T
KNOW THE EXTENT.

19:35.999 --> 19:39.501 align:start
DAMS CHANGE THE HYDROLOGY
ON A RIVER AND NATIVE

19:39.501 --> 19:43.209 align:start
RIPARIAN VEGETATION FOR
THE MOST PART REQUIRES

19:43.209 --> 19:45.125 align:start
OVER-BANK FLOODING
FOR RECRUITMENT OR

19:45.125 --> 19:48.501 align:start
REGENERATION OF
THE VEGETATION.

19:48.501 --> 19:49.999 align:start
THIS IS BASICALLY
DEPOSITED HERE DURING

19:49.999 --> 19:53.209 align:start
FLOODING AND ONCE IT SLAMS
INTO THIS VEGETATION IT

19:53.209 --> 19:57.999 align:start
DEPOSITS IT SO IT DEPOSITS
BOTH THE SEDIMENT BELOW US

19:57.999 --> 20:00.042 align:start
HERE AND ALSO
THIS LARGE DEBRIS,

20:00.042 --> 20:03.999 align:start
WHICH IS GREAT HABITAT FOR
SMALL MAMMALS AND HERPS.

20:03.999 --> 20:09.250 align:start
THIS NEW SUBSTRATE THAT'S
DEPOSITED WILL BE THE AREA

20:09.250 --> 20:14.751 align:start
WHERE WE HAVE NEW COTTONWOOD
AND WILLOW TREES SPROUTING.

20:14.751 --> 20:17.667 align:start
WHEN A DAM IS PLACED ON A
RIVER, WE DON'T HAVE THE

20:17.667 --> 20:22.959 align:start
SAME FLOOD EVENTS THAT WE
HAD IN THE NATURE SYSTEM.

20:22.959 --> 20:27.501 align:start
IN MANY INSTANCES IT
FAVORS SALT CEDAR OR

20:27.501 --> 20:30.709 align:start
TAMARISK AND ONCE THE
TAMARISK IS ESTABLISHED,

20:30.709 --> 20:34.042 align:start
THEN IT OUT COMPETES
THE NATIVE VEGETATION.

20:34.042 --> 20:40.501 align:start
THE VERDE RIVER IS ONE OF
THE MAIN PERENNIAL RIVERS

20:40.501 --> 20:43.999 align:start
REMAINING IN THE STATE AND
IT'S UNIQUE BECAUSE IT

20:43.999 --> 20:47.999 align:start
FLOWS PERENNIALLY FOR
ALMOST ITS ENTIRE LENGTH.

20:47.999 --> 20:51.042 align:start
THERE ARE SOME AREAS THAT
ARE MORE IMPACTED THAN

20:51.042 --> 20:54.584 align:start
OTHERS BUT WE STILL
PRIMARILY HAVE A NATURAL

20:54.584 --> 20:57.918 align:start
HYDROLOGY IN THAT THERE
AREN'T ANY DAMS IN THE

20:57.918 --> 21:03.626 align:start
HEADWATERS AREA AND THAT
WE STILL HAVE OVER-BANK

21:03.626 --> 21:05.999 align:start
FLOWING; YOU SEE A CERTAIN
DEGREE OF THAT AND WE HAVE

21:05.999 --> 21:12.918 align:start
A CERTAIN DEGREE OF REGENERATION
OF NATIVE VEGETATION.

21:12.918 --> 21:15.999 align:start
LIKE THE ANIMALS, PEOPLE
ALSO DIFFER IN THE EXTENT

21:15.999 --> 21:18.999 align:start
THEY'RE INVOLVED WITH THE
RIVER; TO SOME IT'S JUST

21:18.999 --> 21:22.792 align:start
A DRINK, OTHERS NEED TO BE
IN THE WATER, LIKE OTTERS.

21:22.792 --> 21:25.459 align:start
THE RIVER CAN BE AS
SIGNIFICANT AS A

21:25.459 --> 21:28.999 align:start
LIVELIHOOD OR A
SPIRITUAL SANCTUARY.

21:28.999 --> 21:31.334 align:start
WITH SO MANY LEVELS AND
KINDS OF INTEREST

21:31.334 --> 21:34.125 align:start
FEELINGS ARE BOUND TO
BUMP TOGETHER.

21:34.125 --> 21:37.999 align:start
YOU SEE AS THOSE
CLIFFS COME TO AN END,

21:37.999 --> 21:40.292 align:start
SO WHEN YOU GET DOWN THERE
IT'S A TIGHT LITTLE DROP,

21:40.292 --> 21:44.459 align:start
MOVES TO THE RIGHT, PROBABLY HAS
A HOLE ON IT. NOTHING THAT'LL

21:44.459 --> 21:47.999 align:start
THREATEN YOU BUT YOU MIGHT
FIND YOUR LAP GETS WET.

21:47.999 --> 21:54.000 align:start
WELL, I STARTED FLOATING
THE VERDE RIVER

21:54.000 --> 21:56.999 align:start
FIFTEEN YEARS AGO AND
EVENTUALLY I BEGAN TO

21:56.999 --> 21:59.999 align:start
WONDER WHAT WAS UPSTREAM AND
BEGAN POKING

21:59.999 --> 22:02.999 align:start
AROUND THE WATERSHED AND TAKING
PEOPLE ON TRIPS TO

22:02.999 --> 22:05.042 align:start
HELP THEM UNDERSTAND WHAT THE
RIVER'S ALL ABOUT.

22:05.042 --> 22:21.375 align:start
OOH, PADDLE TO THE LEFT. PADDLE
THIS WAY. UH-OH.

22:21.375 --> 22:22.999 align:start
THERE'S A ROCK BEHIND
YOU, WATCH OUT.

22:22.999 --> 22:28.584 align:start
THE WATER'S THE MOST
PRECIOUS RESOURCE IN A

22:28.584 --> 22:30.999 align:start
DESERT AND THE USE OF
GROUND WATER AND SURFACE

22:30.999 --> 22:34.584 align:start
WATER TOGETHER DRAW THE BASE
FLOW OF THIS RIVER DOWN.

22:34.584 --> 22:38.292 align:start
AND YOU CAN LOOK OUT IN
THE FUTURE AND SEE A TIME

22:38.292 --> 22:40.999 align:start
WHEN, IF THE POPULATION
CONTINUES TO GROW AND IF

22:40.999 --> 22:43.999 align:start
PEOPLE USE MORE AND MORE
WATER AND SQUANDERED IT,

22:43.999 --> 22:45.959 align:start
THERE WOULDN'T BE ANY
WATER IN THIS RIVER.

22:45.959 --> 22:47.999 align:start
THAT'S THE BOTTOM LINE, KEEPING
WATER IN THE VERDE RIVER.

22:47.999 --> 22:53.042 align:start
THE MAJOR STRUCTURES ON
THE RIVER ARE THE MAJOR

22:53.042 --> 22:56.667 align:start
THREATS TO THE RIVER LONG
TERM IN MY VIEWPOINT ARE

22:56.667 --> 23:01.626 align:start
THE GROWTH THAT'S
HAPPENING IN THE UPPER

23:01.626 --> 23:08.667 align:start
BASIN AND THE USE OF WATER
BY THAT POPULATION GROWTH.

23:08.667 --> 23:10.250 align:start
THERE'S PROBABLY A
HUNDRED THOUSAND

23:10.250 --> 23:12.209 align:start
PEOPLE IN THE UPPER
BASIN RIGHT NOW.

23:12.209 --> 23:15.000 align:start
IT'S PROJECTED TO BE
TWO HUNDRED THOUSAND IN

23:15.000 --> 23:18.999 align:start
FIFTEEN YEARS OR LESS AND
THERE'S ALREADY EVIDENCE

23:18.999 --> 23:24.083 align:start
THAT THAT KIND OF GROUND
WATER USAGE IS IMPACTING

23:24.083 --> 23:26.000 align:start
THE FLOWS IN THE RIVER;
THE THREATS TO THE

23:26.000 --> 23:27.999 align:start
RIPARIAN AND THE FISH
AND STUFF LIKE THAT ARE

23:27.999 --> 23:32.876 align:start
DEFINITELY THERE BUT THOSE
ARE THE KIND OF THINGS

23:32.876 --> 23:36.999 align:start
THAT ARE A LOT EASIER TO
MITIGATE THAN POPULATION GROWTH.

23:36.999 --> 23:45.999 align:start
YEAH, TURN AROUND TO YOUR
RIGHT AND WE'RE CATCHING A

23:45.999 --> 23:51.999 align:start
VIEW OF SQUAW BUTTE AS IT
COMES THROUGH. YEAH. AND WE

23:51.999 --> 23:55.999 align:start
STARTED ABOVE THAT LAST NIGHT,
YOU KNOW, YESTERDAY MORNING.

23:55.999 --> 24:01.709 align:start
THE PROTECTION HAS GOT TO
COME FROM THE PUBLIC AT LARGE.

24:01.709 --> 24:05.417 align:start
THERE'S TOO MANY
ISSUES AND IMPACTS.

24:05.417 --> 24:07.959 align:start
THERE'S THINGS THAT
CAN BE LEGISLATED,

24:07.959 --> 24:09.918 align:start
YOU KNOW, AND THAT
TAKES IT OUT OF ANY

24:09.918 --> 24:12.167 align:start
OF OUR HANDS, ANY OF
THE MANDATES THAT WE

24:12.167 --> 24:15.042 align:start
HAVE FROM PRIOR LEGISLATION,
PRIOR LAW.

24:15.042 --> 24:18.999 align:start
SO IT'S GOING TO TAKE THE
PUBLIC'S APPRECIATION AND

24:18.999 --> 24:24.083 align:start
THEIR DESIRE TO SEE IT AS
A FUNCTIONING ECOSYSTEM

24:24.083 --> 24:30.999 align:start
FOR THE NEXT COUPLE HUNDRED
YEARS TO MAKE IT HAPPEN.

24:30.999 --> 24:34.209 align:start
OVER THE LAST FEW YEARS,
THE PEOPLE OF THIS ENTIRE

24:34.209 --> 24:36.417 align:start
WATERSHED HAVE ALL GOTTEN
TOGETHER AND STARTED

24:36.417 --> 24:38.167 align:start
TALKING WITH ONE ANOTHER
AND INSTEAD OF THREATENING

24:38.167 --> 24:39.876 align:start
EACH OTHER AND WORRYING
ABOUT LAWSUITS,

24:39.876 --> 24:41.292 align:start
NOW THEY'RE SITTING DOWN
AT THE TABLE

24:41.292 --> 24:44.584 align:start
AND TALKING IN COOPERATIVE TERMS
AND TRYING

24:44.584 --> 24:47.751 align:start
TO REACH A CONSENSUS ABOUT
HOW THIS RIVER OUGHT TO

24:47.751 --> 24:49.542 align:start
BE MANAGED FOR THE
FUTURE SO THAT IT

24:49.542 --> 24:51.083 align:start
CAN STILL BE HERE FOR
EVERYBODY TO ENJOY.

24:51.083 --> 24:52.959 align:start
IT'S A REAL HISTORIC
MILESTONE FOR PEOPLE TO BE

24:52.959 --> 24:55.125 align:start
FINDING OUT WHAT THEY HAVE
IN COMMON INSTEAD OF WHAT

24:55.125 --> 24:58.792 align:start
THEIR DIFFERENCES IN THEIR
ADVERSARIES ARE ALL ABOUT.

24:58.792 --> 25:03.125 align:start
YOU KNOW THE RIVER
HAS ONE REALLY GOOD

25:03.125 --> 25:06.042 align:start
SPOKESMAN FOR ITSELF
AND THAT'S THE RIVER.

25:06.042 --> 25:07.751 align:start
IF YOU JUST SHOW
THE RIVER TO PEOPLE,

25:07.751 --> 25:10.709 align:start
THEY'LL DEVELOP AN AFFECTION
FOR IT AND THEY'LL WANT

25:10.709 --> 25:11.999 align:start
TO WORK FOR IT AND THEY'LL
WANT TO TREAT IT RIGHT.

25:11.999 --> 25:13.709 align:start
AND THEY'LL THINK ABOUT
THE CONSEQUENCES OF THEIR

25:13.709 --> 25:15.918 align:start
ACTIONS WHETHER IT'S
INDIVIDUAL WATER USE OR

25:15.918 --> 25:18.999 align:start
DEVELOPMENT OR
INDUSTRIAL USE.

25:18.999 --> 25:20.375 align:start
THEY HAVE A WHOLE
DIFFERENT LEVEL OF

25:20.375 --> 25:22.459 align:start
SENSITIVITY ONCE THEY'VE
BEEN EXPOSED TO THE RIVER.

25:22.459 --> 25:24.792 align:start
SO OUR MAIN JOB IS TAKING
PEOPLE OUT AND HELPING

25:24.792 --> 25:27.626 align:start
THEM REALIZE WHAT THE
VALUE OF THIS RESOURCE IS

25:27.626 --> 25:29.626 align:start
ALL ABOUT AND HOW
BEAUTIFUL IT IS AND HOW

25:29.626 --> 25:33.167 align:start
IMPORTANT IT IS TO OUR
HEALTH AND WELFARE AND FOR

25:33.167 --> 25:34.999 align:start
THAT MATTER OUR
VERY SPIRIT.

25:34.999 --> 25:44.918 align:start
HIT IT HARD. PADDLE HARD. YE-HA.

25:44.918 --> 25:51.125 align:start
THAT WAS A GOOD ONE. OOOH. JUST
ABOUT GOT YA.

25:51.125 --> 25:55.375 align:start
IT'S APPEALING TO THINK OF
THE RIVER AS A LIVING THING.

25:55.375 --> 26:03.959 align:start
IT'S TEMPTING TO CONSTRUCT
A PERSONALITY OUT OF

26:03.959 --> 26:05.792 align:start
THE RIVER'S BENDS AND
SURGES AND FALLS.

26:05.792 --> 26:08.459 align:start
BUT IF THE RIVER'S ALIVE,
WE HAVE TO CONSIDER THAT

26:08.459 --> 26:10.834 align:start
SOMEDAY IT MUST DIE
AND THAT'S NOT SO.

26:10.834 --> 26:14.042 align:start
WE DON'T HAVE TO RECONCILE
OURSELVES TO A RIVER GETTING OLD

26:14.042 --> 26:18.999 align:start
AND DYING. WHAT RIVERS DO,
TAKING THE RAIN HOME TO THE SEA

26:18.999 --> 26:24.584 align:start
WHERE IT RISES AGAIN AND
AGAIN THAT CAN BE ETERNAL.

26:24.584 --> 27:20.417 align:start
[MUSIC]

27:20.417 --> 27:26.334 align:start
FUNDING FORTHE DESERT SPEAKS
 HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY ASARCO

27:26.334 --> 27:29.459 align:start
INC., ASARCO PRODUCING THE
METALS WE ALL

27:29.459 --> 27:32.999 align:start
NEED, RESPECTING THE
ENVIRONMENT WE ALL VALUE.

27:32.999 --> 27:35.792 align:start
AND HEADQUARTERED
IN TUCSON, ARIZONA,

27:35.792 --> 27:37.999 align:start
INTERGROUP HEALTHCARE
CORPORATION IS A MANAGED

27:37.999 --> 27:42.542 align:start
HEALTHCARE COMPANY SERVING MORE
THAN A QUARTER MILLION MEMBERS.

27:42.542 --> 27:46.709 align:start
AND BY, THE ARIZONA GAME
AND FISH HERITAGE FUND,

27:46.709 --> 27:52.375 align:start
ARIZONA'S LOTTERY DOLLARS
WORKING FOR WILDLIFE.