WEBVTT 00:00.866 --> 00:02.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - [Narrator] TasteMakers is brought to you 00:02.166 --> 00:03.766 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% with support from: 00:03.766 --> 00:07.900 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Missouri Pork Association and Midwest Dairy. 00:12.266 --> 00:14.866 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% (upbeat music) 00:14.866 --> 00:16.866 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% - In this special hour long episode, 00:16.866 --> 00:18.933 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% we are heading to Missouri wine country 00:18.933 --> 00:20.800 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% and exploring its roots 00:20.800 --> 00:23.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% as one of the most storied wine making regions 00:23.500 --> 00:24.933 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% in the United States. 00:24.933 --> 00:27.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% I'm Cat Neville and this is TasteMakers. 00:31.300 --> 00:34.833 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% (exciting music) 00:34.833 --> 00:37.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% I'm Cat Neville and for the past two decades 00:37.200 --> 00:39.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% I've been telling the story of local food. 00:39.800 --> 00:42.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% In that time American food culture has exploded 00:42.933 --> 00:46.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% in tiny towns and big cities from coast to coast. 00:46.466 --> 00:48.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% In TasteMakers I explore the maker movement 00:48.933 --> 00:51.666 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and take you along for the journey to meet the makers 00:51.666 --> 00:54.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% who define the flavor of American cuisine. 01:05.166 --> 01:07.900 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% (birds chirping) 01:09.700 --> 01:12.933 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5% So how did wine making in Missouri actually begin? 01:12.933 --> 01:14.700 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75% Well, as European immigrants 01:14.700 --> 01:17.300 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5% began to establish settlements and move West, 01:17.300 --> 01:19.233 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75% they brought their beverage traditions with them, 01:19.233 --> 01:22.900 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% particularly cider and beer but of course also wine. 01:22.900 --> 01:25.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% And in 1837, the town of Hermann 01:25.433 --> 01:27.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% was founded along the Missouri River 01:27.700 --> 01:31.266 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and it soon became a thriving hub of wine production. 01:32.266 --> 01:34.666 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55% (soft music) 01:52.166 --> 01:55.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - When Europeans were settling America, 01:55.066 --> 01:56.600 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% they had started on the East Coast 01:56.600 --> 02:01.300 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and what they started with was stuff like apple cider, 02:01.300 --> 02:04.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% things like table wine and bourbon and such, 02:04.433 --> 02:06.066 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% two different categories came in later 02:06.066 --> 02:08.233 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% as we expanded across the country. 02:08.233 --> 02:10.866 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% So, when Missouri started getting settled 02:10.866 --> 02:14.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and the Germans had this idea of coming to Hermann, 02:15.533 --> 02:18.266 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% they brought their wine culture with them. 02:18.266 --> 02:20.066 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% - Missouri is a very important part 02:20.066 --> 02:22.066 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% of the story of American wine, 02:22.066 --> 02:23.666 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% the German settlement society 02:23.666 --> 02:26.233 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% which essentially paid people 02:26.233 --> 02:29.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% or allowed people support to come to Hermann, Missouri 02:29.933 --> 02:33.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% in North Central Missouri to grow grapes. 02:33.333 --> 02:35.900 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65% Some of those people had experience doing that, some didn't, 02:35.900 --> 02:38.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% but they all understood that the job was 02:38.566 --> 02:41.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% create this beautiful agricultural society 02:41.466 --> 02:44.100 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% that mirrors, if you will, 02:44.100 --> 02:46.600 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% the goals of German society at that time. 02:51.000 --> 02:53.533 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% - In the mid 1800s, German settlers came 02:53.533 --> 02:55.133 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and they really established 02:55.133 --> 02:56.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% the grape growing in this region 02:56.666 --> 02:59.766 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% because for them it was 02:59.766 --> 03:02.166 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% they like kind of like the Rhineland. 03:02.166 --> 03:04.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% It was literally like you were in Germany 03:04.000 --> 03:05.233 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% when you lived here back then, 03:05.233 --> 03:07.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% because they kept all the customs 03:07.000 --> 03:08.500 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% and you spoke German 03:08.500 --> 03:11.333 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and they did bring all of their agriculture here. 03:11.333 --> 03:15.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And so it is so deeply rooted in this area 03:15.100 --> 03:18.300 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% that their history is just here, it's everywhere 03:18.300 --> 03:20.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% along the Missouri River Valley. 03:40.566 --> 03:44.800 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% - 1837, this group of intrepid German travelers, 03:44.800 --> 03:46.733 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% they come down the Missouri River, 03:46.733 --> 03:50.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% it's the most difficult winter on record. 03:50.600 --> 03:52.300 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% And when they get here, 03:52.300 --> 03:53.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% there's no real infrastructure. 03:53.866 --> 03:57.666 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% They created the town from 03:57.666 --> 04:01.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% just with their own blood, sweat and tears essentially. 04:01.000 --> 04:03.900 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% And the cultivation of wine 04:03.900 --> 04:07.966 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65% was integral to them developing the town. 04:07.966 --> 04:09.966 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65% And I think that's so interesting that like, 04:09.966 --> 04:12.633 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% as part of the industry of Hermann, 04:12.633 --> 04:15.400 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% it really grew up around wine production. 04:15.400 --> 04:19.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Like that's what ended up becoming a focus 04:19.333 --> 04:23.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% of the economy of this region of the state. 04:24.900 --> 04:28.966 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% - Hermann was settled in 1837 04:28.966 --> 04:33.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% by the German settlement society of Philadelphia. 04:33.966 --> 04:40.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And they were hoping to establish this German Athens 04:40.566 --> 04:43.300 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% in the heart of Missouri. 04:43.300 --> 04:46.600 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% They had these grandiose plans 04:46.600 --> 04:51.700 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% that Hermann would become a bigger city than Philadelphia 04:51.700 --> 04:55.133 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and hence that's why Market Street is the width that is, 04:55.133 --> 04:58.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% it's larger than Market Street in Philadelphia. 04:58.333 --> 05:02.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% They brought their culture of wine and beer to the town 05:02.033 --> 05:05.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and started developing a grape growing industry 05:05.966 --> 05:09.800 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% and the two first commercial producers 05:09.800 --> 05:13.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% was Michael Poeschel and George Riefenstahl. 05:13.900 --> 05:18.366 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Michael Poeschel started right here at Stone Hill Winery 05:18.366 --> 05:21.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% with his Poeschel Wine Cellars, 05:21.266 --> 05:23.866 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% which Stone Hill eventually 05:23.866 --> 05:26.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% shortly thereafter became his brand. 05:27.566 --> 05:30.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% He took on a partner, John Scherer, 05:30.600 --> 05:33.833 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and they grew the business quite significantly 05:33.833 --> 05:36.166 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and were shipping wine actually to Europe 05:36.166 --> 05:37.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and all across the United States 05:37.900 --> 05:40.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and by one account even to Asia. 05:41.000 --> 05:45.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% So it really grew and numerous people got in on it. 05:45.600 --> 05:48.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% The town started giving away lots 05:48.700 --> 05:52.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% if you would agree to grow grapes on 'em. 05:52.133 --> 05:57.033 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% And I think, I wanna say it was like by 1849, 05:58.166 --> 06:01.000 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% Michael Poeschel was quoted as saying 06:01.000 --> 06:04.466 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% that there were 700,000 vines 06:04.466 --> 06:05.833 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% between Hermann and Gasconade. 06:05.833 --> 06:09.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% It was the equivalent of about 700 acres, 06:09.266 --> 06:13.233 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% which is mind blowing when you think about it. 06:13.233 --> 06:15.400 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% I mean, we're the largest grape grower 06:15.400 --> 06:17.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% in the State of Missouri today. 06:17.233 --> 06:20.566 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% And we have just under 200 acres. 06:20.566 --> 06:22.900 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% So when you think about 700 acres 06:22.900 --> 06:27.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% in this little community in 1849, it's fascinating. 06:27.033 --> 06:29.166 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% And it continued to grow. 06:29.166 --> 06:32.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% There was some research done way back in the '80s 06:32.800 --> 06:35.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% documenting all of these old historical wineries. 06:35.666 --> 06:39.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And it was over 60 that were in and around Hermann, 06:40.500 --> 06:44.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% some very small to the size of Stone Hill, 06:44.733 --> 06:48.133 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60% which for a great period of the late 1800s 06:48.133 --> 06:51.866 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5% was the second largest winery in the United States. 06:52.766 --> 06:57.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% I mean, we're about 800,000 case winery today. 06:58.933 --> 07:04.066 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% You know, we're one fifth of what Stone Hill was 07:04.066 --> 07:05.100 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% in its heyday. 07:11.100 --> 07:12.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% - The wine industry in Missouri 07:12.700 --> 07:15.833 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% was thriving by the middle of the 19th century. 07:15.833 --> 07:17.433 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% And just about that time, 07:17.433 --> 07:19.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% a tiny little bug called phylloxera 07:19.900 --> 07:23.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% hitched a ride on some American rootstock over to Europe 07:23.100 --> 07:24.600 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% and unbeknownst to them, 07:24.600 --> 07:27.133 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% the French vintners planted those vines. 07:27.133 --> 07:30.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% But because the vinifera that was native to Europe 07:30.033 --> 07:32.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% didn't evolve alongside the phylloxera louse, 07:32.933 --> 07:36.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% they had no defense against infestation. 07:36.000 --> 07:37.966 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% Missouri played a massive role 07:37.966 --> 07:41.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% in helping to solve the impending crisis. 07:41.100 --> 07:43.500 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55% (soft music) 07:50.400 --> 07:52.100 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% - The 18th and 19th centuries 07:52.100 --> 07:54.733 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% are a time of great discovery. 07:54.733 --> 07:56.666 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Certainly people are trying to understand 07:56.666 --> 07:58.566 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% what grows where, 07:58.566 --> 08:00.033 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% how the plant kingdom 08:00.033 --> 08:02.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and the animal kingdom coexist and work together. 08:02.833 --> 08:06.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% And so people are constantly shipping stuff back and forth. 08:06.133 --> 08:09.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% We don't really realize during the 19th century 08:09.033 --> 08:10.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% that there's this bug called phylloxera. 08:10.900 --> 08:12.900 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% There's some other bugs that we're starting to learn about 08:12.900 --> 08:14.600 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% and that can be really troublesome, 08:14.600 --> 08:17.500 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% we just know we can't grow European vines here 08:17.500 --> 08:18.966 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% in the United States, 08:18.966 --> 08:22.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and we can't quite figure out what is to blame. 08:22.033 --> 08:24.433 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% Now, there's a guy named Charles Valentine Riley, 08:24.433 --> 08:26.400 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5% who lives here in Missouri 08:26.400 --> 08:27.700 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65% and he's figured out 08:27.700 --> 08:29.400 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5% that there's this bug called phylloxera. 08:29.400 --> 08:31.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% He finds it fascinating because it goes through 08:31.500 --> 08:34.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% these various different stages. 08:34.000 --> 08:35.666 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% I mean, in our vineyards here, 08:35.666 --> 08:37.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% you can still find phylloxera quite easily. 08:37.800 --> 08:39.300 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% If you turn a leaf over 08:39.300 --> 08:41.266 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and there's a whole bunch of little bulbous points 08:41.266 --> 08:44.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% on that leaf, that's a phylloxera bug doing its job, 08:44.200 --> 08:46.500 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% which is to gain whatever nourishment 08:46.500 --> 08:48.233 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% it can from the plant and move on. 08:48.233 --> 08:49.766 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% It doesn't kill the plant. 08:49.766 --> 08:52.766 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% It can create problems but they're usually not fatal. 08:52.766 --> 08:55.500 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Now, the difference here is that phylloxera 08:55.500 --> 08:59.200 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% we think in 1861 takes a trip aboard 08:59.200 --> 09:01.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% a steamship across the Atlantic. 09:01.133 --> 09:03.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% We think because it was a steamship, 09:03.333 --> 09:06.700 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% not a sailing vessel that the time 09:06.700 --> 09:09.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% was shortened enough to allow the bug to survive. 09:09.566 --> 09:11.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% And it shows up in the Rhone Valley. 09:11.266 --> 09:15.400 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% And it is no exaggeration to say within 10 years or so, 09:15.400 --> 09:19.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% the entire French wine industry is decimated, is reeling. 09:19.466 --> 09:24.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% And it spreads to Spain and Italy and everywhere else. 09:24.033 --> 09:28.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - The phylloxera plague or crisis was huge. 09:28.666 --> 09:32.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I mean, it literally was killing 09:32.966 --> 09:36.266 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% tens of thousands of acres of vineyards, 09:37.300 --> 09:41.533 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% killing that whole culture of the wine industry 09:41.533 --> 09:44.400 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% and the French put together 09:44.400 --> 09:48.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% these scientific panels of top researchers 09:48.533 --> 09:52.300 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% to try to figure out what was happening. 09:52.300 --> 09:55.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And they were in touch with leading growers 09:55.933 --> 09:57.533 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% and researchers over here 09:58.766 --> 10:02.500 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% and C.V. Riley finally identified 10:02.500 --> 10:06.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% the causal agent the phylloxera root loss. 10:06.333 --> 10:09.433 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% That's a soil barn insect. 10:09.433 --> 10:11.833 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% It lives off these grapevine roots, 10:11.833 --> 10:13.900 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% it feeds on 'em. 10:13.900 --> 10:16.066 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% The native American varieties 10:16.066 --> 10:19.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% are hybrids that have a high level 10:19.800 --> 10:24.600 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% of native American genetics in their makeup 10:24.600 --> 10:26.900 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% are resistant to phylloxera 10:27.833 --> 10:31.400 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% 'cause the phylloxera evolved here in the United States 10:31.400 --> 10:33.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% or in North America I should say 10:34.333 --> 10:37.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% with the indigenous grape varieties. 10:43.466 --> 10:45.200 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% - 95 or more percent 10:45.200 --> 10:47.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% of all the vines grown anywhere in the world 10:47.733 --> 10:50.000 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% are planted on American roots stock 10:50.000 --> 10:52.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% because it turned out there's your cure 10:52.500 --> 10:54.900 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and it's C.V. Riley and it's George Husmann 10:54.900 --> 10:57.366 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and it's Isidor Bush and Herman Yager, 10:57.366 --> 10:59.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% who quickly figure this one out. 10:59.433 --> 11:01.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% They're like, well, we coexist with the plant. 11:01.800 --> 11:06.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% So you graft our American rootstock with European vines. 11:07.066 --> 11:08.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% It's expensive, it's difficult, 11:08.400 --> 11:10.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% but it can be done and your plants will be fine, 11:10.733 --> 11:13.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% your wine industry will recover. 11:13.466 --> 11:15.200 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% It took decades for that to happen 11:15.200 --> 11:17.233 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% because it's a very expensive process. 11:17.233 --> 11:19.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% And we think millions of plants 11:19.200 --> 11:20.333 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% were shipped from Missouri 11:20.333 --> 11:22.300 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% by those four individuals to France, 11:22.300 --> 11:24.700 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% such that there is a statue in Southern France 11:24.700 --> 11:26.433 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% to them today. 11:26.433 --> 11:28.400 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% And because it's understood, 11:28.400 --> 11:31.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% they saved not just the French wine industry, 11:31.300 --> 11:33.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% but frankly, the wine industry. 11:35.400 --> 11:40.000 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% - It was actually the Missouri state Entomologist 11:40.000 --> 11:45.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% C.V. Riley who completely identified 11:45.733 --> 11:47.200 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% that it was the phylloxera 11:47.200 --> 11:51.400 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% that was causing this damage in this problem 11:51.400 --> 11:52.733 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% in European vineyards. 11:53.766 --> 11:54.766 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% So to counter it, 11:54.766 --> 11:56.633 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% they took two approaches 11:56.633 --> 11:59.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% or two approaches evolved out of this. 11:59.700 --> 12:04.800 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% One was to graft the Vitis vinifera European grape 12:05.800 --> 12:09.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% onto native American rootstocks. 12:09.033 --> 12:12.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Underground you had the native American resistance 12:12.400 --> 12:14.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and above ground, you had the grape variety 12:14.533 --> 12:16.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% that they were used to growing in their areas. 12:18.066 --> 12:21.366 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% The other approach was to hybridize the two 12:22.300 --> 12:24.400 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% and come up with varieties 12:24.400 --> 12:26.333 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% that could grow in their own roots 12:26.333 --> 12:28.466 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% that were resistant. 12:28.466 --> 12:30.600 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% And that is how we got things like 12:30.600 --> 12:35.100 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% Vidal, Vignole, Chambourcin 12:35.100 --> 12:37.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% all these great hybrid varieties 12:37.400 --> 12:39.266 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% that do so well here in Missouri. 12:41.200 --> 12:46.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% So, there was a huge effort by a lot of people 12:46.600 --> 12:49.533 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% but the real hero was C.V. Riley. 12:49.533 --> 12:53.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% The French awarded him their Legion of honor 12:53.666 --> 12:57.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% they have statues to the man, it's incredible. 12:57.766 --> 13:01.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% - C.V. Riley was not only great. 13:01.166 --> 13:06.200 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75% We have an award named after him in our state industry 13:06.200 --> 13:08.000 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65% for the best Norton, 13:08.000 --> 13:10.400 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5% but he was also the first 13:10.400 --> 13:12.666 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% director of agriculture for our state 13:12.666 --> 13:15.266 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% as they had a agricultural committee. 13:15.266 --> 13:18.466 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% So you started to see that state government then 13:18.466 --> 13:20.333 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% was starting to pay attention to these. 13:20.333 --> 13:24.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And he had a platform from helping to solve 13:24.033 --> 13:25.700 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% some of these issues. 13:25.700 --> 13:28.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% So he became important in agriculture as a whole 13:28.866 --> 13:29.766 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% in our state. 13:39.300 --> 13:40.933 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% - The types of grapes that grow well 13:40.933 --> 13:42.633 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% in this region have names 13:42.633 --> 13:44.100 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% that you might not be familiar with, 13:44.100 --> 13:46.033 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% like Cab Franc and Chardonnay, 13:46.033 --> 13:48.866 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% the grapes that grow well here are hybrids. 13:48.866 --> 13:51.533 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% And that means that they display the aroma and flavors 13:51.533 --> 13:53.200 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% of the European vinifera 13:53.200 --> 13:55.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% along with the hardiness and disease resistance 13:55.766 --> 13:57.700 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% of native American varieties. 13:57.700 --> 14:00.133 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55% (soft music) 14:10.333 --> 14:14.100 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Missouri has a very diverse environment 14:14.100 --> 14:16.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% from North to Southeast to West. 14:16.000 --> 14:18.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% So what really makes it such a great state 14:18.800 --> 14:20.300 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% for wine production? 14:20.300 --> 14:23.100 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% - For wine production the main thing that you want 14:23.100 --> 14:25.166 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% is to be able to grow grapes 14:25.166 --> 14:26.800 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% that match the soil types 14:26.800 --> 14:30.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and the micro and macro climates that you have. 14:30.733 --> 14:32.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And so we traditionally haven't been able 14:32.700 --> 14:33.900 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% to grow vinifera here, 14:33.900 --> 14:36.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% but we have found grapes that grow well here 14:36.933 --> 14:38.766 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% and produce quality wines. 14:38.766 --> 14:42.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% So it's about matching the type of grapes 14:42.666 --> 14:44.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% to the soils in the environment 14:44.700 --> 14:46.633 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% and that's the key to it. 14:47.533 --> 14:51.300 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5% - They were trying to grow grapes along the Eastern seaboard 14:51.300 --> 14:53.733 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% way back at the very earliest settlement. 14:54.700 --> 14:56.533 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% Those vines quickly failed 14:56.533 --> 14:59.866 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% because they weren't adapted to this climate, 14:59.866 --> 15:03.400 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% the cold winters and natural pests 15:03.400 --> 15:05.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% that they didn't know about at the time, 15:05.966 --> 15:09.566 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% but they started immediately trying 15:09.566 --> 15:11.800 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% some of the native grapes 15:11.800 --> 15:16.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and crossing those indigenous varieties 15:17.000 --> 15:22.133 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% were adapted to this climate and soil. 15:22.133 --> 15:24.033 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% So that started on the East Coast 15:24.033 --> 15:27.366 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and it came back here with the settlement of Hermann. 15:31.000 --> 15:34.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% The grapes that consumers know that people know 15:34.566 --> 15:36.400 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% are called vinifera. 15:36.400 --> 15:38.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Vinifera is the family of grapes out of Europe. 15:39.933 --> 15:43.266 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Pinot Noir and Chardonnay grow in Burgundy in France. 15:43.266 --> 15:44.800 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% Riesling grows in Germany. 15:45.833 --> 15:48.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Cabernet Sauvignon grows in Bordeaux, in France. 15:50.300 --> 15:51.966 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% These are places where the grapes 15:51.966 --> 15:55.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% have grown hundreds if not thousands of years 15:55.400 --> 15:57.966 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and they know what grows everywhere. 15:57.966 --> 16:00.200 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% When the Europeans started exploring 16:01.066 --> 16:03.066 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% on the other side of the flat earth, 16:03.066 --> 16:05.600 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% they were trying to find these other places, 16:05.600 --> 16:06.766 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% there was no wine culture, 16:06.766 --> 16:09.800 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% there was really no grapes other the wild grapes, 16:09.800 --> 16:13.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% wild grapes that had developed over the centuries. 16:13.033 --> 16:16.800 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% And as the population moved such as Missouri 16:16.800 --> 16:20.166 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% settled by a lot of German immigrants, 16:20.166 --> 16:22.333 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% they wanted to have a wine culture. 16:22.333 --> 16:23.733 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% European grapes didn't grow, 16:25.266 --> 16:28.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% European grapes grow in a continental climate 16:28.133 --> 16:30.900 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5% and there was nothing continental climate about Missouri. 16:30.900 --> 16:35.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Were too hot, too cold, too wet, too erratic 16:35.700 --> 16:37.766 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and that's at least three too many toos. 16:37.766 --> 16:40.900 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% So that it's not something that is friendly 16:40.900 --> 16:42.033 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% for the European varieties. 16:42.033 --> 16:43.900 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% So we had to find grapes 16:43.900 --> 16:47.666 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% that would grow in our climate and soil , our terrior. 16:47.666 --> 16:49.900 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% So we found these hybrids 16:49.900 --> 16:52.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% that were developed mostly in Europe 16:52.000 --> 16:54.233 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% or grapes that have parented 16:54.233 --> 16:55.666 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% from American great varieties 16:55.666 --> 16:58.333 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and parented from European grape varieties. 16:58.333 --> 17:01.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% So by those two, you're getting some of the elegance 17:01.600 --> 17:03.900 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% and style of the European varieties, 17:03.900 --> 17:06.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% but more of the winter hardiness and sturdiness 17:06.800 --> 17:09.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and disease resistance of American rights. 17:09.733 --> 17:12.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% So we grow hybrids and hybrids, 17:12.966 --> 17:15.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% there's hundreds if not thousands of these hybrids. 17:16.966 --> 17:19.266 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% - During this time people were certainly trying to grow 17:19.266 --> 17:20.766 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% the grape vines that they brought with them, 17:20.766 --> 17:23.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% but it was very difficult to get those grape vines to grow. 17:23.500 --> 17:27.700 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% So people like George Husmann were involved in making 17:27.700 --> 17:29.266 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% what we today call hybrids, 17:29.266 --> 17:32.166 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% but that's essentially to take a great vine 17:32.166 --> 17:33.633 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% that is native here. 17:33.633 --> 17:35.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And that is therefore impervious to some of the 17:35.866 --> 17:38.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% or at least resistant to some of the problems 17:38.400 --> 17:40.000 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% that we have here either, 17:40.000 --> 17:43.133 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% mildew or phylloxera bugs like that. 17:43.133 --> 17:45.400 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And to cross breed those two different species 17:45.400 --> 17:48.333 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% to make something that is more likely to survive. 17:48.333 --> 17:50.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% So a bunch of grape vines pop up 17:50.433 --> 17:52.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% that maybe we don't see much anymore. 17:52.266 --> 17:54.400 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% I don't think people are drinking a lot of Martha, 17:54.400 --> 17:56.666 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% not a lot of Herbemont being grown 17:56.666 --> 17:58.300 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% and consumed these days, 17:58.300 --> 17:59.766 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% but it worked for a time 17:59.766 --> 18:03.200 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and we'd just gotten better at making those hybrids, 18:03.200 --> 18:05.133 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% I think in the 20th century. 18:05.133 --> 18:06.866 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% So people continue to breed grapes 18:06.866 --> 18:09.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% to try to find just the right grape to grow here. 18:11.133 --> 18:13.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Some of the grapes that grow like Seyval Blanc 18:13.533 --> 18:16.400 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and Vidal Blanc and Vignole and Chambourcin 18:16.400 --> 18:19.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I think at this point are proven 18:19.033 --> 18:22.166 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% to be incredibly successful throughout the Midwest, 18:22.166 --> 18:24.700 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% not just in Missouri, but particularly here. 18:34.633 --> 18:36.600 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% - So one of the most interesting aspects 18:36.600 --> 18:38.766 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% of wine making in Missouri, 18:38.766 --> 18:40.566 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% but also the Midwest generally 18:40.566 --> 18:42.700 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% is that the grapes that grow here 18:42.700 --> 18:46.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% are not typically familiar to American wine drinkers. 18:46.000 --> 18:48.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% They're not the Cabs and the Pinots of the world. 18:48.700 --> 18:52.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% There are grapes that have dual parentage typically. 18:52.000 --> 18:55.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% So native American vines crossed with vinifera 18:55.500 --> 18:58.100 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% so that things can actually grow well in this climate, 18:58.100 --> 18:59.600 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% because this is not 19:00.633 --> 19:02.666 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% it's kind of an unforgiving climate. 19:02.666 --> 19:04.233 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% - It is and I think that is 19:04.233 --> 19:05.566 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% what is so unique about this area 19:05.566 --> 19:07.300 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and also what's very exciting. 19:07.300 --> 19:09.766 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% People know Merlot and they know those names 19:09.766 --> 19:13.200 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% and it's they're all household names. 19:13.200 --> 19:14.600 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% Here that's not the case 19:14.600 --> 19:17.200 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% because they are newer 19:17.200 --> 19:18.700 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and they're a little bit different. 19:18.700 --> 19:22.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% And we have had to cross even some French 19:22.000 --> 19:26.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and American and we've found so much research 19:26.033 --> 19:28.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% has been put into finding vines 19:28.766 --> 19:30.600 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% that will be cold-hardy, 19:30.600 --> 19:32.500 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and that will grow well here. 19:34.233 --> 19:36.000 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% - I've heard people describe Missouri wines 19:36.000 --> 19:38.133 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% with European grape names. 19:39.033 --> 19:40.300 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% This is like a Pinot Noir. 19:40.300 --> 19:42.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% This is like a Cabernet look, this like a Merlot 19:42.000 --> 19:43.533 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% and that's not true, 19:43.533 --> 19:46.166 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% it's not true any more than a banana taste like a cherry. 19:46.166 --> 19:48.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% I mean, these are different products. 19:48.700 --> 19:50.933 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% So when I'm looking for descriptions 19:50.933 --> 19:52.366 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% of Norton in particular, 19:52.366 --> 19:55.166 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% 'cause that's the one people are always messing up, 19:55.166 --> 19:59.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% I say Norton reminds me of wines from Southeast France 19:59.133 --> 20:01.066 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% and from Northwest Italy. 20:01.066 --> 20:04.700 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% Wines in that style, not a grape, 20:04.700 --> 20:06.733 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% it reminds me of wines of a place. 20:08.400 --> 20:09.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% - I had an experience last night 20:09.900 --> 20:13.366 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% where I had a Chambourcin with a woman who told me 20:13.366 --> 20:14.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% that as soon as she smelled it, 20:14.333 --> 20:15.933 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% she knew she wouldn't like it. 20:15.933 --> 20:17.866 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% And it was like, okay, that's cool. 20:17.866 --> 20:19.433 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% I mean, I kind of like it, 20:19.433 --> 20:21.800 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% it's not really like the red wine you usually drink, 20:21.800 --> 20:24.066 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Chambourcin usually doesn't have much of tannin 20:24.066 --> 20:26.000 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% and it's a little bit tart, 20:26.000 --> 20:27.500 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% but I really like those tart flavors 20:27.500 --> 20:29.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and we were having it with a beet salad. 20:29.800 --> 20:33.000 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% And it was really cool because literally by the third sip 20:33.000 --> 20:35.200 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% she went, this is really good together. 20:35.200 --> 20:38.400 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And it's like, yeah, a lot of it is expectation. 20:38.400 --> 20:41.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% I think these grape vines that we are talking about now, 20:41.233 --> 20:43.666 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% these hybrid vines don't have, 20:43.666 --> 20:45.200 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% particularly amongst the reds, 20:45.200 --> 20:46.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% they don't have tannin and they don't have that bitterness 20:46.933 --> 20:49.633 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% or astringency that a lot of us look for 20:49.633 --> 20:51.300 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% in a powerful red wine, 20:51.300 --> 20:54.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% they are not powerful red wines typically. 20:54.266 --> 20:57.133 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% And that as I say is for some a weakness 20:57.133 --> 20:58.300 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% and for some a strength. 21:00.200 --> 21:02.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - We know Norton, this area knows Norton. 21:02.000 --> 21:06.200 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5% And then we also have Traminette, Vignole and Chambourcin, 21:06.200 --> 21:09.433 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and those are on our Southern facing hills. 21:09.433 --> 21:13.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Again, just to kind of help with lessening the harsh winters 21:13.566 --> 21:17.200 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% so that they can survive and that rootstock takes root. 21:17.200 --> 21:20.900 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% But all three of those hybrids produce wonderful wines 21:20.900 --> 21:23.100 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and Traminette has German heritage 21:23.100 --> 21:25.966 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% and Vignole is a little bit unknown. 21:25.966 --> 21:29.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% There is a little bit of an interesting story with Vignole 21:29.000 --> 21:32.366 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and then Chambourcin also is a red 21:32.366 --> 21:34.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% that is a little bit more of a medium body 21:34.600 --> 21:36.700 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% and has kind of a spicier. 21:36.700 --> 21:39.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% It's just so interesting how each of these wines 21:39.533 --> 21:42.033 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% produces something so unique. 21:42.033 --> 21:44.600 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% And really, I think that is like you said, the opportunity, 21:44.600 --> 21:47.233 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% the opportunity is to educate folks 21:47.233 --> 21:49.966 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and to make these grapes known 21:49.966 --> 21:52.066 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% because they produce amazing wines. 21:58.866 --> 22:00.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% - By the turn of the 20th century, 22:00.433 --> 22:03.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Missouri was one of the largest wine producers 22:03.166 --> 22:04.600 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% in the entire country. 22:04.600 --> 22:07.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% It was a huge source of economic vitality for the state. 22:07.966 --> 22:10.066 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% And when prohibition was introduced, 22:10.066 --> 22:13.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% the entire industry was practically decimated overnight. 22:13.900 --> 22:15.300 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% The impact of prohibition 22:15.300 --> 22:17.733 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% was personally and economically devastating, 22:17.733 --> 22:21.433 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% but it also set American wine making back generations. 22:24.366 --> 22:27.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - When prohibition went in the 18th amendment, 22:27.366 --> 22:30.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% you had wineries growing all over the country. 22:31.833 --> 22:35.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% There was a boom of wine knowledge and wine interest 22:35.033 --> 22:37.066 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% that was stopped overnight. 22:38.500 --> 22:41.200 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% There's a sign in Hermann in one of the wineries that says 22:41.200 --> 22:42.300 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% closed by order of the federal government 22:42.300 --> 22:43.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and the sign is still up there, 22:43.433 --> 22:46.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% 'cause it just to remind people 22:46.733 --> 22:48.666 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% this did happen and was devastating. 22:49.600 --> 22:53.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Hermann had way more wineries before probation 22:53.400 --> 22:54.666 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% than they do now 22:54.666 --> 22:56.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and they were all family wineries 22:56.000 --> 22:58.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and that they were all run outta business. 23:00.466 --> 23:04.166 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% - There were wineries that survived in California 23:04.166 --> 23:06.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and I think there was one out east as well 23:07.800 --> 23:10.266 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% by making sacramental wine. 23:10.266 --> 23:11.966 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% It wasn't gonna happen in Hermann. 23:12.933 --> 23:15.133 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% The vineyards were ripped out. 23:15.133 --> 23:17.400 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% It killed the town's economy 23:17.400 --> 23:21.000 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% because it was centered on wine and grape production. 23:22.433 --> 23:25.700 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Prohibition just took out a whole generation of winemakers 23:26.533 --> 23:30.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and the technology was lost, the craft was lost. 23:30.900 --> 23:34.966 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% - It was devastating on all accounts, 23:34.966 --> 23:36.433 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% prohibition was devastating 23:36.433 --> 23:40.600 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% to Missouri's wine and grape industry. 23:40.600 --> 23:44.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% The loss of knowledge I think was one of the keys 23:44.800 --> 23:47.700 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and it was the biggest gap that was present 23:47.700 --> 23:51.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% when my father started the winery with my mother 23:51.233 --> 23:53.666 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% and we didn't really have 23:53.666 --> 23:55.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% the research happening at the state level, 23:55.666 --> 23:57.700 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% all that experience was gone, 23:57.700 --> 24:01.933 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and just the old vines and the culture and the traditions 24:01.933 --> 24:05.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% that were lost because of prohibition. 24:05.033 --> 24:06.566 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% So you missed all that period 24:06.566 --> 24:09.766 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% of what natural innovation would've occurred 24:09.766 --> 24:11.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and you had to depend on entrepreneurs 24:11.966 --> 24:15.666 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% like my father or Mr. Held to restart the industry 24:15.666 --> 24:17.633 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% and start that road again. 24:17.633 --> 24:21.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% So, it's very sobering to think about 24:21.033 --> 24:24.266 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% what could have been versus what is 24:24.266 --> 24:28.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% given the devastating impact of prohibition on Missouri. 24:28.033 --> 24:31.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - Stone Hill, when the wine industry was killed, 24:31.666 --> 24:33.566 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% they converted the underground sellers 24:33.566 --> 24:36.200 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% to a mushroom growing farm. 24:36.200 --> 24:37.566 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% All the casks were gone, 24:37.566 --> 24:41.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% they built these beds for putting in compost. 24:41.500 --> 24:44.166 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% They were stacked all the way to the ceiling 24:44.166 --> 24:47.800 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and planted the spores for the little white button mushrooms 24:47.800 --> 24:49.566 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% you buy in the grocery store 24:49.566 --> 24:51.066 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% and it was a huge industry. 24:54.066 --> 24:57.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% So prohibition ended the American growth period 24:57.266 --> 24:58.800 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% for wine making. 25:00.000 --> 25:02.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% It was a horrible, horrible experiment, 25:02.266 --> 25:07.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% but they turned it around eventually 25:07.533 --> 25:11.833 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% but what happened when prohibition ended 25:11.833 --> 25:15.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and we wanted to start drinking in the United States, 25:15.433 --> 25:17.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% wine was not the first thing people thought of 25:17.900 --> 25:19.600 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% because there weren't any grapes, 25:19.600 --> 25:22.133 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% nobody saved grapes, essentially, 25:22.133 --> 25:25.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% most vineyards were pulled out. 25:25.000 --> 25:27.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% So the prohibition got people drinking beer 25:27.900 --> 25:29.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and got people drinking spirits 25:29.700 --> 25:32.300 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% 'cause you could make both of those relatively quickly. 25:34.600 --> 25:37.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% - Prohibition, the noble experiment, 25:37.066 --> 25:40.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% the benefits of prohibition have just never left us. 25:40.533 --> 25:43.633 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% But yeah, it destroyed the wine industry for sure. 25:43.633 --> 25:45.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% There was a group of people who were allowed 25:45.866 --> 25:48.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% to keep making wine for sacramental purposes, 25:48.700 --> 25:50.366 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% no question about that. 25:50.366 --> 25:52.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% There were famously wine bricks 25:52.466 --> 25:54.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% that were being shipped from California 25:54.700 --> 25:58.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% with a little packet on top that said caution, 25:58.466 --> 25:59.866 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% packet contains yeast, 25:59.866 --> 26:04.000 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% do not add yeast to compressed wine bricks and water, 26:04.000 --> 26:08.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% otherwise alcohol beverage will result, gotcha. 26:08.033 --> 26:09.433 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% I mean it was a very popular item 26:09.433 --> 26:11.866 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% in Sears and Roebuck catalogs for crying out loud. 26:11.866 --> 26:14.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% So people were figuring out how to do business, 26:14.233 --> 26:17.000 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% but it was basically, 26:17.000 --> 26:19.100 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% the Missouri wine industry was destroyed 26:19.100 --> 26:21.933 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% virtually every wine industry other than maybe New York, 26:21.933 --> 26:23.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% maybe California, and a few other places, 26:23.966 --> 26:25.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Pennsylvania, Ohio had a little bit of stuff 26:25.966 --> 26:28.533 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% still going on for sacramental purposes 26:28.533 --> 26:30.900 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% but yeah, we were outta business. 26:38.833 --> 26:42.600 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - In Missouri, prohibition was part of a one two punch 26:42.600 --> 26:44.666 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% because of the anti-German sentiment 26:44.666 --> 26:46.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% that was stoked by World War I, 26:46.633 --> 26:48.100 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% which led up to prohibition 26:48.100 --> 26:50.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and then was book ended with World War II. 26:50.800 --> 26:54.266 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5% So with so many people in Missouri claiming German heritage, 26:54.266 --> 26:55.666 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% it was a very difficult time 26:55.666 --> 26:57.966 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% for folks out here in wine country. 26:57.966 --> 27:00.600 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55% (soft music) 27:03.533 --> 27:07.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - There was a very big anti-German bias in our state. 27:07.733 --> 27:10.933 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% And we also had some of the other big alcohol producers 27:10.933 --> 27:14.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% in Missouri with Anheuser Bush in St. Louis. 27:14.600 --> 27:16.433 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% And we also had spirits producers 27:16.433 --> 27:17.966 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% on the Western part of the state. 27:17.966 --> 27:21.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And so all those things went together to say, 27:21.500 --> 27:23.233 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% when prohibition hit, 27:23.233 --> 27:25.133 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% they wanted to make sure the wine industry 27:25.133 --> 27:26.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% really didn't get started again. 27:26.833 --> 27:28.933 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% And so there were a lot of political forces 27:28.933 --> 27:30.800 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% against the wine industry 27:30.800 --> 27:34.266 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and those anti-German forces really manifested themselves 27:34.266 --> 27:37.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% in pulling out a lot of the vines that we had in our state, 27:37.333 --> 27:39.200 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% but just wasn't a good environment 27:39.200 --> 27:42.533 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% for these specialty crops at that time. 27:42.533 --> 27:45.100 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% But the state persevered 27:45.100 --> 27:48.766 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and a lot of it was just from the entrepreneurial nature 27:48.766 --> 27:50.766 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% of a lot of the immigrants that we have. 27:54.900 --> 27:57.700 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% - There was so much lost, economic losses, 27:58.700 --> 28:01.000 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% the culture of grape growing, 28:01.000 --> 28:03.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% the technology of grape growing. 28:03.766 --> 28:08.033 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% We had viticulturists that were world renowned 28:08.033 --> 28:11.033 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% working with the French on the phylloxera. 28:11.033 --> 28:15.700 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% George Husmann, who started here, went on to California, 28:15.700 --> 28:17.366 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% University of California. 28:17.366 --> 28:19.900 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% And was like the premier viticulturist 28:19.900 --> 28:23.733 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% in the State of California when he moved out there. 28:23.733 --> 28:27.166 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% So, I mean, we lost everything really. 28:27.166 --> 28:29.133 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% We lost grape varieties. 28:29.133 --> 28:32.433 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% There are grape varieties that were grown here 28:32.433 --> 28:35.200 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% that are lost to all time 28:35.200 --> 28:37.300 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% because they were ripped out, 28:37.300 --> 28:38.900 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% they weren't kept, 28:38.900 --> 28:41.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% they had so many grape varieties was part of the reason. 28:42.733 --> 28:45.466 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% And it's like everything today 28:46.533 --> 28:47.666 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% you go to the grocery store, 28:47.666 --> 28:50.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% you've got one kind of broccoli 28:50.166 --> 28:53.533 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% or two kinds of tomatoes. 28:53.533 --> 28:57.200 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% There was this huge diversity of varieties 28:57.200 --> 29:00.833 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% in the grape growing community back then 29:00.833 --> 29:05.200 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and globally since probably the 1960s and '70s, 29:06.966 --> 29:09.700 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% we've seen this very huge shrinking 29:09.700 --> 29:12.566 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% of the grape cultivars grown 29:12.566 --> 29:16.200 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% to where it's Cabernet, Chardonnay, 29:17.300 --> 29:20.600 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% Pinot Noir, Sauvignon Blanc, 29:20.600 --> 29:22.733 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and then most people have a problem 29:22.733 --> 29:24.700 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% naming many other after that. 29:24.700 --> 29:29.633 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Well, that diversity has shrunk globally 29:29.633 --> 29:31.633 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% and it's really sad 29:31.633 --> 29:34.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% because there are so many flavors available. 29:43.766 --> 29:46.533 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% (exciting music) 29:49.866 --> 29:52.000 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% - Things finally started to ramp up 29:52.000 --> 29:53.633 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% in the middle of the 20th century 29:53.633 --> 29:55.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% because that is when we started to see 29:55.533 --> 29:57.200 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% a resurgence in viticulture 29:57.200 --> 29:59.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and a renewed interest in wine making 29:59.466 --> 30:01.133 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% as well as wine drinking. 30:06.166 --> 30:08.233 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% - It took until the '50s and '60s 30:08.233 --> 30:12.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% for Americans to decide that wine was even a thing. 30:12.300 --> 30:14.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% I mean, if you go back to those times 30:14.700 --> 30:17.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and by those times I can include even the '70s, 30:17.200 --> 30:19.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% you can find wine lists that include nothing 30:19.300 --> 30:23.866 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% but New York Port and New York Sherry and New York Riesling 30:23.866 --> 30:25.266 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% which isn't Riesling at all 30:25.266 --> 30:27.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and a few wines from California, 30:27.533 --> 30:29.466 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% but it's the '60s and '70s, 30:29.466 --> 30:30.766 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% as things start to turn around 30:30.766 --> 30:33.600 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and people start to show interest as well. 30:33.600 --> 30:36.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% We think and I think it's appropriate to say 30:36.066 --> 30:38.100 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% that that was the aftermath of World War II 30:38.100 --> 30:41.300 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% as GIs were spending time in Europe, 30:41.300 --> 30:42.600 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% learning about wine there, 30:42.600 --> 30:44.500 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% coming back and going why can't I have wine. 30:46.900 --> 30:50.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - In 1976, there was this wine competition 30:50.033 --> 30:53.066 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% and it was blind tasting in France. 30:53.066 --> 30:56.766 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% And two California wines ended up winning. 30:56.766 --> 30:59.966 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% A 1973 from Chateau Montelena 30:59.966 --> 31:04.700 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and then a 1973 Cabernet Sauvignon from Stag's Leap, 31:04.700 --> 31:06.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I believe are the two that won. 31:06.566 --> 31:10.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% And that really put America, from a wine perspective, 31:10.033 --> 31:12.133 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% back on the worldwide map. 31:12.133 --> 31:14.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% - Wine suddenly became popular again. 31:14.733 --> 31:17.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% If you look at the number of wineries in the country 31:17.166 --> 31:21.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and you start back in the 18th century, 19th century, 31:21.600 --> 31:24.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% one of the low points was around 1970, 31:24.866 --> 31:28.400 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% where there are fewer wineries in the country than any time. 31:28.400 --> 31:31.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And from that, you had like the judgment of Paris 31:31.300 --> 31:33.400 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% and other events that gave publicity 31:33.400 --> 31:35.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% to the wine industry as a whole. 31:35.300 --> 31:37.066 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% So suddenly you had an environment 31:37.066 --> 31:39.833 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% where people were not only interested in wine, 31:39.833 --> 31:42.333 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% but the quality was improving too. 31:42.333 --> 31:45.200 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% And so that's almost like a perfect environment 31:45.200 --> 31:47.766 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% for the industry to restart worldwide 31:47.766 --> 31:49.600 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% in United States and in Missouri. 31:52.466 --> 31:54.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - Not to overstate Julia Child's importance, 31:54.766 --> 31:56.566 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% but Julia Child, who of course 31:56.566 --> 31:58.633 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% was the predecessor to the CIA 31:58.633 --> 32:01.300 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and learned about wine and enthused about wine and food 32:01.300 --> 32:03.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% when she and her husband Paul were in Europe, 32:03.066 --> 32:05.500 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% she comes back and starts this food show 32:05.500 --> 32:07.333 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% and she thinks wine is fantastic. 32:07.333 --> 32:08.866 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% So she actually has wine on her show, 32:08.866 --> 32:09.866 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% that was a big deal, 32:09.866 --> 32:11.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% that's not something people did. 32:11.466 --> 32:13.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% So people started showing an interest in it. 32:13.500 --> 32:15.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And if there's a market, people will fill it. 32:15.233 --> 32:17.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% So even Missouri, people figured out, 32:17.700 --> 32:19.500 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% well, let's start making wine again. 32:22.800 --> 32:25.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% - In Missouri, two families in particular 32:25.000 --> 32:27.933 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% anchor the revitalization of the wine making industry 32:27.933 --> 32:29.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% through grit and determination. 32:29.900 --> 32:33.000 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% The Helds and the Hofherrs took somewhat parallel paths, 32:33.000 --> 32:35.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% educated consumers and learning grape growing 32:35.500 --> 32:37.933 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and wine making essentially from the ground up. 32:47.666 --> 32:51.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% So what was the growth trajectory for Missouri wine 32:51.233 --> 32:55.600 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% once the industry started to reemerge in the '60s and '70s, 32:55.600 --> 32:57.933 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% like how long did it take 32:57.933 --> 33:00.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% for the industry really to kind of rev up. 33:00.833 --> 33:02.433 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% - It took a long time. 33:02.433 --> 33:04.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% The first generation that came, 33:04.066 --> 33:09.200 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5% that really restarted the industry, Mr. Held and Mrs. Held, 33:09.200 --> 33:10.966 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% then my father and my mother, 33:12.566 --> 33:15.100 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% they came from other sectors. 33:15.100 --> 33:18.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% So where Mr. Held came out of diversified farming 33:19.900 --> 33:23.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and my father, his father was a pharmacist. 33:23.433 --> 33:27.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And so they didn't have the technical background 33:27.733 --> 33:30.000 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% to really start these wineries 33:30.000 --> 33:33.666 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and UC Davis' impact on the quality of wine 33:33.666 --> 33:36.333 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% wasn't integrated into a lot of our state programs 33:36.333 --> 33:37.866 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% at that time. 33:37.866 --> 33:40.600 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% So the struggle was to create better wines 33:40.600 --> 33:42.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and continually improve quality, 33:42.400 --> 33:44.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% the type of grapes you were growing, 33:44.433 --> 33:46.566 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% and then interact with the consumer base 33:46.566 --> 33:48.866 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% to show that we could make quality wines here. 33:51.633 --> 33:55.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - My dad happened to have gotten into grape growing. 33:55.966 --> 33:59.533 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% There was an effort at the state fruit experiment station 33:59.533 --> 34:01.600 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% in Mountain Grove, Missouri 34:01.600 --> 34:03.766 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% to look at different kinds of crops 34:03.766 --> 34:08.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% for some of these hill type farms 34:08.066 --> 34:10.866 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and grapes were one of the crops that they were pushing, 34:10.866 --> 34:12.800 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% Catawba grapes specifically. 34:13.633 --> 34:16.866 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% And my dad got connected with them 34:16.866 --> 34:19.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and was the Northern most grower 34:19.000 --> 34:21.800 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% of that co-op marketing group. 34:21.800 --> 34:25.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And because he had that little four acre vineyard, 34:25.533 --> 34:28.033 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% Bill Harrison who owned Stone Hill said, 34:28.033 --> 34:30.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% "Hey, why don't you come try making wine?" 34:30.700 --> 34:35.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And my parents had a net worth of $1,200 in 1965. 34:36.233 --> 34:41.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% This is my father said I had nothing to lose. 34:41.200 --> 34:42.633 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% So he tried it. 34:42.633 --> 34:45.100 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Two years later, he bought the facility 34:45.100 --> 34:47.833 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% and went down the path of reestablishing 34:47.833 --> 34:49.733 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% a famous old winery. 34:56.433 --> 34:58.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - One of the defining aspects of Stone Hill 34:58.933 --> 35:01.833 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% is the hand dug 19th century cellars 35:01.833 --> 35:05.366 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% that are original to the 175 year old winery. 35:05.366 --> 35:07.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% This massive network of limestone cellars, 35:07.833 --> 35:10.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% thankfully survived prohibition 35:10.000 --> 35:12.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% although during the mid 20th century, 35:12.066 --> 35:14.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% they served quite a different purpose. 35:22.433 --> 35:26.866 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% - In 1965, when my parents started the winery, 35:26.866 --> 35:28.866 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% it was all in this cellar. 35:28.866 --> 35:30.333 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% - And the rest was mushrooms. 35:30.333 --> 35:32.933 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - You open the door and the rest were mushroom beds. 35:32.933 --> 35:34.733 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% Now, if you look closely, 35:34.733 --> 35:38.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% you see this seam that was plastered over, 35:38.800 --> 35:39.966 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% there was a wall there. 35:40.933 --> 35:44.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And when Bill Harrison brought dad down here, 35:44.666 --> 35:46.500 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% Bill said, we'll take that wall out 35:46.500 --> 35:47.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% so you have a little more room. 35:47.966 --> 35:49.866 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% My dad's standing over and he goes, 35:49.866 --> 35:51.100 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% oh, this will be fine, 35:51.100 --> 35:53.233 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% this will be all the room we ever need. 35:53.233 --> 35:55.800 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Bill said, I'll take the wall down for you. 36:01.633 --> 36:05.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% My mom was taking care of customers and helping bottle 36:05.500 --> 36:08.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and helping clean in the winery and raising four kids 36:08.766 --> 36:12.733 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and you know, but we lived second floor of the winery. 36:12.733 --> 36:13.966 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% - [Catherine] Which was built when? 36:13.966 --> 36:17.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% - The main building was built in 1868 36:17.066 --> 36:19.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and so we lived right above it. 36:19.300 --> 36:22.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And I remember people like knocking on the door 36:22.133 --> 36:25.066 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% at seven o'clock at night, she's making dinner. 36:25.066 --> 36:26.866 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% They're like, "Are you still open?" 36:26.866 --> 36:28.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% "I will be just gimme a moment," 36:28.500 --> 36:31.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and she'd run downstairs and pour 'em a taste of wine 36:31.600 --> 36:32.900 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and sell 'em a couple bottles 36:32.900 --> 36:34.900 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% and come back up and finish dinner. 36:42.066 --> 36:45.733 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% So, growing up the first expansion, 36:45.733 --> 36:48.700 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% we had 13 of these casks in the cellar. 36:49.566 --> 36:51.600 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% My dad and mom bought 'em 36:51.600 --> 36:54.100 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% from a bottling plant in St. Louis 36:54.100 --> 36:57.233 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and they were old used casks. 36:58.400 --> 37:00.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% When you emptied 'em, you had to clean 'em. 37:01.833 --> 37:03.900 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% You had to go inside and scrub 'em out. 37:03.900 --> 37:05.366 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% - That's a very small opening. 37:05.366 --> 37:10.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - You go in with your arms over your head and on your side. 37:12.100 --> 37:13.500 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% - You could fit in that hole? 37:13.500 --> 37:15.433 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% - I could back then. - Oh my gosh. 37:15.433 --> 37:16.966 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% - I can't anymore, Cat. 37:18.100 --> 37:20.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% But grew up scrubbing those out, 37:20.533 --> 37:23.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% went away to California, studied enology, 37:23.800 --> 37:27.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% then I did an internship in Switzerland. 37:27.033 --> 37:28.600 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% I get to the Swiss winery. 37:29.733 --> 37:31.100 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% They gotta row of these, 37:31.100 --> 37:33.200 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% that their skin fermenting Pinot Noir in. 37:33.200 --> 37:34.433 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% - Oh my gosh. 37:34.433 --> 37:37.066 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% - So guess what I had to do, crawl all in 'em. 37:37.066 --> 37:38.733 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% And when the first time I did that, 37:38.733 --> 37:41.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% I'm like, "Why didn't I go to grad school?" 37:43.600 --> 37:44.433 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% It was fun. 37:52.166 --> 37:53.266 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% - Cheers. - Cheers. 37:53.266 --> 37:54.100 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55% - Thank you. 38:01.900 --> 38:03.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - And now we're going to leave Hermann 38:03.300 --> 38:05.533 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% and head to St. James. 38:05.533 --> 38:07.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% There are five AVAs in Missouri 38:07.366 --> 38:09.633 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% and wineries throughout the state. 38:09.633 --> 38:11.600 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% In the Ozark Highlands AVA, 38:11.600 --> 38:13.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% it was the Italian immigrants who settled 38:13.800 --> 38:16.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and brought their wine making traditions with them. 38:25.633 --> 38:29.466 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% In 1970, when Jim and Pat Hofherr opened St. James, 38:29.466 --> 38:32.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% they of course were pioneers in this reemerging industry 38:32.666 --> 38:34.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and they positioned the tasting room 38:34.433 --> 38:36.033 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% right off of the highway 38:36.033 --> 38:39.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% hoping to catch the attention of passers by. 38:39.066 --> 38:40.300 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% Well, that strategy worked 38:40.300 --> 38:43.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and combined with Pat's focus on marketing, 38:43.700 --> 38:46.133 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% they built the base for what is today 38:46.133 --> 38:47.666 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% Missouri's largest winery 38:47.666 --> 38:50.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and one of the top five gold medal winning wineries 38:50.433 --> 38:51.700 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% in the entire country. 38:58.000 --> 39:00.333 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% - When I first moved to St. James, 39:00.333 --> 39:01.633 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% I went to the library 39:01.633 --> 39:05.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and I investigated the history of the area 39:05.966 --> 39:07.700 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% with the Meramec Springs 39:08.666 --> 39:13.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and the history of the Italians that came up here 39:13.000 --> 39:16.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% through Northern Arkansas and settled here 39:16.000 --> 39:18.433 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and brought all their grape growing with them. 39:18.433 --> 39:20.566 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% So I could explain the history 39:20.566 --> 39:25.233 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% to the customer of the whole area 39:25.233 --> 39:28.433 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% and how it was steeped in the culture 39:28.433 --> 39:30.800 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% of grape growing and wine making 39:30.800 --> 39:32.400 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% 'cause each of the Italians 39:32.400 --> 39:36.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% had their own barrels of wine that they had 39:36.266 --> 39:39.900 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and it was just a tradition for them to drink the wine. 39:41.366 --> 39:45.333 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% In '73, we bought an existing Concord vineyard in the area. 39:45.333 --> 39:49.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% And before that, Mr. Bill Stoltz 39:49.733 --> 39:52.133 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% had 100 acres of vineyard out here 39:52.133 --> 39:54.766 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% and he was trying different varieties 39:54.766 --> 39:57.200 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% to see what grows in our area 39:58.066 --> 40:03.066 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and we didn't really know the best varieties to grow. 40:04.000 --> 40:07.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% So, we started planting different types of grapes 40:07.700 --> 40:09.400 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and some of 'em we pulled out 40:09.400 --> 40:12.933 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and some of 'em did fine in the area. 40:12.933 --> 40:14.900 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% At that time, at the beginning 40:14.900 --> 40:16.933 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% was just an experimental thing 40:16.933 --> 40:18.533 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% but the Norton grape 40:18.533 --> 40:22.900 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% now the native to the state of Missouri, it did well. 40:22.900 --> 40:25.233 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% And a lot of the Italians around here 40:25.233 --> 40:27.600 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% had that planted in their individual, 40:27.600 --> 40:30.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% lots of grapes besides the Concord grape, 40:30.633 --> 40:32.500 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% which they grew for Welch. 40:33.766 --> 40:35.166 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% As the wine industry grew, 40:35.166 --> 40:38.700 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% you got more small wineries coming into Missouri 40:38.700 --> 40:40.200 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55% starting up 40:40.200 --> 40:42.866 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and I don't know how many are in there here now, 40:42.866 --> 40:44.900 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% but I know it's quite a few. 40:44.900 --> 40:46.966 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% And the people in the wine industry 40:46.966 --> 40:50.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% are very enthusiastic about growing the industry, 40:50.800 --> 40:52.033 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% growing their grapes 40:52.033 --> 40:54.466 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% and having good products on the market. 40:56.533 --> 40:57.566 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% - There's the adage, 40:57.566 --> 40:59.200 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% what grows together, goes together. 40:59.200 --> 41:02.200 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% And so if you are really interested 41:02.200 --> 41:04.500 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% in seeking out local food, 41:04.500 --> 41:07.733 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% it makes complete sense to pair a local wine with it 41:07.733 --> 41:09.700 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% because it's coming from the same soil. 41:10.800 --> 41:13.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - Yeah, and that's what I think my father saw. 41:13.600 --> 41:15.833 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% This area is a lot different 41:15.833 --> 41:18.300 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% than the other areas in Missouri. 41:18.300 --> 41:22.466 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% The amount of heat degree days that we get here is higher 41:22.466 --> 41:25.166 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% than a lot of the other traditional wine regions 41:25.166 --> 41:26.366 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55% in Missouri. 41:26.366 --> 41:28.533 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% So, our grapes ripen differently. 41:28.533 --> 41:31.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% And so we produce a little different flavor profiles. 41:32.466 --> 41:36.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% My father knew that and historically he knew that 41:36.300 --> 41:39.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% it really could show up in the wines here. 41:39.466 --> 41:41.466 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% So his goal when he started the winery 41:41.466 --> 41:43.400 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% was really to bring back the wines 41:43.400 --> 41:46.300 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% that were grown here before 41:46.300 --> 41:47.933 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% at a really high quality level 41:47.933 --> 41:50.066 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% and just reflect the region. 41:50.066 --> 41:52.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And I didn't realize this till a few years ago 41:52.066 --> 41:53.700 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% when I was going back to read the articles 41:53.700 --> 41:56.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% from interviews my father had given 41:56.000 --> 41:57.266 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and he talked about the winery 41:57.266 --> 41:59.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and he talked about the need to really reflect 41:59.233 --> 42:00.800 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% the region in which it's grown. 42:03.266 --> 42:07.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - As the industry grew as these families worked 24/7 42:07.566 --> 42:10.600 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% to feed their family and grow these wineries, 42:10.600 --> 42:12.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% we started a second generation, 42:12.566 --> 42:16.966 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% whether it's people from Augusta or Hermann or St James, 42:16.966 --> 42:18.700 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% we had a second generation 42:18.700 --> 42:22.366 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% where the families now could send their kids to school, 42:22.366 --> 42:25.700 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% learn biology, learn viticulture, 42:25.700 --> 42:29.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% learn this, learn the technique and the details 42:29.633 --> 42:31.466 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% of the scientific side of wine making 42:31.466 --> 42:35.133 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% 'cause wine making is art and science. 42:42.433 --> 42:44.300 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% - About an hour outside of St. Louis 42:44.300 --> 42:47.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% is a small wine country town called Augusta 42:47.200 --> 42:48.733 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% and believe it or not, 42:48.733 --> 42:51.866 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% this is the country's first American viticultural area. 42:51.866 --> 42:54.733 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% It was established right here in 1980. 42:54.733 --> 42:56.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% So as the American wine industry 42:56.533 --> 42:59.400 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% was reemerging and reestablishing itself, 42:59.400 --> 43:02.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% AVAs were introduced to help define the industry 43:02.433 --> 43:06.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and the Augusta AVA was the very first AVA in the US 43:06.033 --> 43:08.133 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% right here along the Missouri River. 43:10.233 --> 43:13.966 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% - The purpose of an AVA is to recognize 43:13.966 --> 43:18.666 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and promote areas of American wine making 43:18.666 --> 43:21.166 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% that are distinctive, unique 43:21.166 --> 43:22.533 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and it's not like planting corn, 43:22.533 --> 43:25.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% why does this area make better wine than another? 43:25.300 --> 43:27.966 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Basically built on the same mentality 43:27.966 --> 43:30.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% as you have to grow Pinot Noir in burgundy, 43:30.033 --> 43:31.366 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% you have to grow Cabernet in Bordeaux. 43:31.366 --> 43:33.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% This is something that's been set up in Europe 43:33.500 --> 43:35.000 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% for a long time. 43:35.000 --> 43:38.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% And some foresighted people in the United States said, 43:38.633 --> 43:40.666 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% if we're gonna grow our industry, 43:40.666 --> 43:43.033 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% we need to have more information and controls 43:43.033 --> 43:45.100 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% about how wines are produced. 43:45.100 --> 43:50.100 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% - It's a defined area that has similar impact on the wine. 43:50.433 --> 43:52.033 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% So it's weather related, 43:52.033 --> 43:55.400 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% it's soil related, it's cultural related. 43:55.400 --> 43:57.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% And so they're very distinct regions. 43:57.500 --> 43:59.233 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% And we're very proud 43:59.233 --> 44:01.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% that Augusta's the first in the United States. 44:04.066 --> 44:09.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% We do have very unusual weather patterns in Missouri. 44:09.400 --> 44:11.133 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% And so the old adage has always been, 44:11.133 --> 44:12.366 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% if you don't like the weather, 44:12.366 --> 44:14.966 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% wait 15 minutes and it's gonna change. 44:14.966 --> 44:16.200 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% And that really impacts 44:16.200 --> 44:18.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% the type of grapes and stuff that we grow. 44:18.633 --> 44:23.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% So, we have some very unique growing regions in Missouri. 44:24.033 --> 44:26.033 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% If you were to divide Missouri up 44:26.033 --> 44:27.400 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% from a growing perspective, 44:27.400 --> 44:30.033 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% we should really be four or five states 44:30.033 --> 44:32.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% just because we have deep south agriculture, 44:32.500 --> 44:34.300 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% as well as plains 44:34.300 --> 44:38.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and all different types of agriculture climates 44:38.200 --> 44:42.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and that lends itself to these very unique growing regions. 44:42.433 --> 44:45.533 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% And so AVAs are a critical part of what we do. 44:55.500 --> 44:59.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% - So we're sitting here in the middle of the Augusta AVA, 44:59.566 --> 45:03.066 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% the first AVA in the entire country. 45:03.066 --> 45:08.066 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% What distinguishes Augusta as an American Viticultural Area? 45:08.600 --> 45:11.400 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% - So an AVA is an American Viticultural Area 45:11.400 --> 45:13.200 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% that is federally designated. 45:13.200 --> 45:17.000 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% You need a defined border, a unique climate, 45:17.000 --> 45:21.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% a unique soil and something historical about the area. 45:21.466 --> 45:25.066 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% And Augusta really so easily fits those four 45:25.900 --> 45:28.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% defining things that are needed for the AVA. 45:28.300 --> 45:30.566 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% We have a very well defined border, 45:30.566 --> 45:35.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% it's a 15 square mile crescent shaped area 45:35.466 --> 45:38.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% that is defined by a ridge actually. 45:38.066 --> 45:42.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And so that ridge also plays into the climate. 45:42.233 --> 45:46.833 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% And so the ridge elevates this area so that 45:46.833 --> 45:50.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% a lot of that Northeast harsh winter winds that come, 45:50.633 --> 45:54.566 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% it protects the grape growing area from those harsh winds. 45:54.566 --> 45:57.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% And the soil is really probably 45:57.000 --> 46:00.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% what is the most special thing about this area. 46:00.233 --> 46:03.366 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% The last continental glacier came through this area 46:03.366 --> 46:05.133 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% and it kind of stopped right here 46:05.133 --> 46:09.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and with it, it brought organic matter rocks minerals, 46:09.800 --> 46:13.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and it really deposited it all right in this area. 46:13.033 --> 46:15.900 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% And so you just have this beautifully rich soil 46:15.900 --> 46:17.766 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% that is perfect for grape growing. 46:18.633 --> 46:22.466 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% I think it just solidifies our history. 46:22.466 --> 46:26.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% History has had to repeat itself 46:26.266 --> 46:28.900 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and it's a hard uphill battle 46:28.900 --> 46:32.533 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% to recover from completely being decimated. 46:32.533 --> 46:35.500 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% And so to have that designation and to say, 46:35.500 --> 46:38.600 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% no, this place is set apart, this place is special. 46:38.600 --> 46:40.900 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% And even though it has gone through 46:40.900 --> 46:43.133 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% such a difficult time in its history 46:43.133 --> 46:46.600 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% that I think it just solidifies that 46:46.600 --> 46:49.633 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% this area should be doing what it was meant to do 46:49.633 --> 46:50.600 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% from the beginning. 46:51.500 --> 46:53.600 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% For my parents, they came here 46:53.600 --> 46:55.333 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and my dad fell in love with the land. 46:55.333 --> 46:58.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% He knew the history of Augusta, the AVA, 46:58.800 --> 47:01.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and he knew that this land was in the AVA. 47:01.733 --> 47:05.233 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% So he knew that there was a lot of value in that. 47:05.233 --> 47:07.900 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% I do believe that we are able to grow 47:07.900 --> 47:10.333 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% some really amazing grapes in this soil, 47:10.333 --> 47:13.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% in this climate, on these hills. 47:13.300 --> 47:16.966 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Everything that is defining about this AVA 47:16.966 --> 47:20.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% is happening right here on this piece of ground, really, 47:20.500 --> 47:22.466 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and we see that year to year. 47:25.200 --> 47:27.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - I love telling people this story because it's true. 47:27.833 --> 47:30.500 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% In my advanced sommelier exam, 47:30.500 --> 47:34.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% which I passed my first go and I walked out of it 47:34.633 --> 47:36.266 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and everybody turned and looked at me 47:36.266 --> 47:37.833 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and a couple people were bumping me going, 47:37.833 --> 47:39.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% I bet you love that Augusta question. 47:39.266 --> 47:41.566 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% And I was like, what Augusta question? 47:41.566 --> 47:43.600 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% They were like, the question that asked 47:43.600 --> 47:45.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% what's the first AVA in America. 47:45.266 --> 47:48.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% I was like, "Oh, is that Napa?" (laughs) 47:48.433 --> 47:49.933 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% So, I didn't know, 47:50.966 --> 47:53.900 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% that's kind of sad, but anyway, it's true. 47:53.900 --> 47:58.566 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% It's the very first one that got that AVA approval from 47:58.566 --> 48:00.733 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% what was then called the BATF, 48:00.733 --> 48:02.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms. 48:02.933 --> 48:04.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% And when the purpose of all that 48:04.733 --> 48:07.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% is to control the use of the name. 48:07.433 --> 48:08.700 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% I mean, you can certainly, 48:08.700 --> 48:10.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% maybe with Augusta people have trouble understanding 48:10.600 --> 48:12.033 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% why that's important, 48:12.033 --> 48:14.266 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% but imagine if I was making a wine in Kansas City 48:14.266 --> 48:16.133 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and I decided to call it Napa. 48:16.133 --> 48:18.666 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% I mean, that would create confusion, 48:18.666 --> 48:20.433 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% it would also be trading upon 48:20.433 --> 48:22.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% the value of someone else's name 48:22.266 --> 48:24.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% that they theoretically have built value into 48:24.300 --> 48:25.733 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% over decades of time. 48:25.733 --> 48:29.400 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% And Augusta saw the same thing that we have a heritage 48:29.400 --> 48:31.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% that goes back to the 19th century. 48:31.133 --> 48:32.833 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% We make wines of a particular style 48:32.833 --> 48:35.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and a particular place from particular grapes 48:35.100 --> 48:36.433 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% and we want people to know 48:36.433 --> 48:38.700 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% when they see the name Augusta AVA, 48:38.700 --> 48:42.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% that it comes from this place and has that heritage. 48:55.766 --> 48:57.333 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% - So we've heard all about the history 48:57.333 --> 49:00.000 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% and the question really is what's next? 49:00.000 --> 49:01.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% Over the past couple of decades, 49:01.633 --> 49:03.400 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% we've seen a greater emphasis 49:03.400 --> 49:05.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% on supporting local and regional makers 49:05.800 --> 49:08.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and as the interest in local wine ticks up, 49:08.233 --> 49:11.366 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% the industry is also learning how to adapt to climate change 49:11.366 --> 49:13.566 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% and experimenting with grape varieties 49:13.566 --> 49:16.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% that previously were not able to be grown in this region. 49:20.366 --> 49:23.366 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% - Wine is one of the few farming products 49:23.366 --> 49:25.500 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% where the end result is made by the farmer. 49:26.733 --> 49:28.766 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Farmers grow corn, sell it to somebody, 49:28.766 --> 49:30.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% grow wheat, sell it to somebody, 49:30.433 --> 49:32.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% wineries grow grapes, make wine, sell wine. 49:32.933 --> 49:35.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% They're the, like to me, the ultimate locavore. 49:38.933 --> 49:42.866 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% The locavore in beverage did transfer 49:42.866 --> 49:46.733 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% to beer and spirits very well but not wine 49:46.733 --> 49:49.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% because wine is distinct with a grape variety. 49:50.633 --> 49:54.366 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% If you're making beer and you want to have a local brewery, 49:54.366 --> 49:58.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% lager, ale, stout they're international terms. 49:58.500 --> 50:02.200 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% If you're making distilled products, bourbon, gin, vodka, 50:02.200 --> 50:05.366 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% those are names that take no explanation, 50:05.366 --> 50:08.766 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% but because wines typically are labeled by a grape name, 50:08.766 --> 50:09.966 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% it takes an explanation. 50:13.033 --> 50:16.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - In terms of looking forward in wine making, 50:16.800 --> 50:20.133 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% techniques and grape growing techniques, 50:20.133 --> 50:22.600 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% what do you see kind of on the horizon? 50:22.600 --> 50:26.166 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - Climate change is having a huge impact on our industry. 50:26.166 --> 50:30.200 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% So, when my father and mother first started the winery, 50:30.200 --> 50:31.800 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% the first thing they did 50:31.800 --> 50:34.600 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% was put in a large research and development vineyard 50:34.600 --> 50:37.266 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and tried new types of grapes from all over the place, 50:37.266 --> 50:38.833 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% whatever they could get a hold of. 50:38.833 --> 50:41.233 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% And the reason is, is because the historical knowledge 50:41.233 --> 50:43.633 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% was lost with prohibition. 50:43.633 --> 50:45.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% And then when we started to work at the state level, 50:45.600 --> 50:47.866 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% we put a system together 50:47.866 --> 50:49.766 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% that would try those types of grapes out 50:49.766 --> 50:52.033 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% in all the different growing regions 50:52.033 --> 50:55.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and be able to draw broader conclusions about, 50:55.000 --> 50:58.000 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% would these be of interest to consumers. 50:58.000 --> 50:59.566 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% So now with climate changing, 50:59.566 --> 51:02.800 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% we're seeing grapes come out of our R and D vineyard 51:02.800 --> 51:05.133 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% that we couldn't grow 10 years ago, 51:05.133 --> 51:07.366 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% that now we're able to grow. 51:07.366 --> 51:08.233 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55% - Like what? 51:08.233 --> 51:09.566 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% - Well, we're growing some vinifera 51:09.566 --> 51:11.200 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% that we've not grown before. 51:11.200 --> 51:13.233 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% We're growing some Eastern European varietals 51:13.233 --> 51:15.133 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% that we've not grown before. 51:15.133 --> 51:18.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% So I think we're going to see this future 51:18.100 --> 51:19.433 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% as different than the past 51:19.433 --> 51:21.733 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% than what my mother and father faced. 51:21.733 --> 51:24.866 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% I think those partnerships are gonna be even more important 51:24.866 --> 51:27.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% as we learned to grow and produce quality wines 51:27.500 --> 51:29.433 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% out of these new cultivars. 51:29.433 --> 51:32.366 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% I anticipate that it's almost like resetting 51:32.366 --> 51:35.566 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% the playing field for Missouri wine in a lot of ways. 51:37.166 --> 51:40.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% I think the country is more interested in wine now 51:40.633 --> 51:42.100 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% than it's ever been 51:42.100 --> 51:44.700 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and there's also an interest in food in general, 51:44.700 --> 51:46.766 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% that's locally grown and really reflects 51:46.766 --> 51:48.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% the terrior in which it's grown 51:48.866 --> 51:51.100 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and I think that lends itself to wine. 51:51.100 --> 51:53.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And again, the key is finding the cultivars 51:53.533 --> 51:56.766 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and the grape varietals that will grow in your climate 51:56.766 --> 51:58.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% that produce the flavor profiles 51:58.633 --> 52:01.266 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% that you're after as a wine maker. 52:01.266 --> 52:03.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% So that combined with the food, 52:03.700 --> 52:05.700 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% make it sort of a local play, 52:05.700 --> 52:08.066 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% where this is the taste of St. James 52:08.066 --> 52:11.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% because it's what we produce from mother nature. 52:15.466 --> 52:20.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - Taking the local lore of everything and learning 52:20.033 --> 52:22.233 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and really understanding where our food comes from 52:22.233 --> 52:24.200 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and understanding how it's produced 52:24.200 --> 52:25.866 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% and people wanna know. 52:25.866 --> 52:29.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% It wasn't something that even 20 or 30 years ago 52:29.033 --> 52:34.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% people thought about and now it's all you think about. 52:34.333 --> 52:37.133 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% I mean, a lot of people, I think, 52:37.133 --> 52:39.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% really wanna know where their food and beverages 52:39.733 --> 52:40.566 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% are coming from. 52:43.533 --> 52:45.500 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% - Go to wineries, I can't stress that enough, 52:45.500 --> 52:47.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% 'cause to me that's just a luxury. 52:49.000 --> 52:51.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% I'm from St. Louis, I was living in Hawaii, 52:51.000 --> 52:52.933 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% came here to visit my parents 52:52.933 --> 52:54.966 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and it was just when things were starting 52:54.966 --> 52:58.200 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% in the early '70s with Missouri wines. 52:58.200 --> 53:00.466 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% And we went to Augusta and I said, 53:00.466 --> 53:02.100 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% "This is just beautiful." 53:02.100 --> 53:04.600 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% And this was in the very beginning of really 53:04.600 --> 53:07.200 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% the growth of Missouri wine culture. 53:07.200 --> 53:08.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% And I said, "This is fabulous." 53:13.433 --> 53:15.933 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - I think that the regional interest of course is 53:15.933 --> 53:17.433 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% the locavore thing. 53:17.433 --> 53:19.400 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% It's always seemed bizarre to me that people are like, 53:19.400 --> 53:21.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% oh, well, these tomatoes came from over there 53:21.033 --> 53:23.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and the pork is from that farm right there 53:23.800 --> 53:26.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and our wine comes from 5,000 miles away, 53:26.500 --> 53:27.700 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% we're locavores. 53:27.700 --> 53:29.233 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% So, it makes no sense. 53:29.233 --> 53:32.966 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% And yes, I agree that there are wines 53:32.966 --> 53:34.866 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% that have a particular style 53:34.866 --> 53:36.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% because of where they come from. 53:36.333 --> 53:37.900 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% And if you want that style, 53:37.900 --> 53:41.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% you probably need to go get the wines of that place. 53:41.533 --> 53:44.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% But that is both the strength and the weakness 53:44.333 --> 53:45.833 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% of the wine industry 53:45.833 --> 53:50.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% in so much as if you want to enjoy a particular place, 53:50.600 --> 53:53.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% the strength is that you can actually taste wine 53:53.433 --> 53:56.400 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% that is distinctly from that place 53:56.400 --> 53:58.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and so I think that's really exciting. 53:58.466 --> 54:01.466 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% (uplifting music) 54:27.700 --> 54:29.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - So the next time you drive through wine country, 54:29.666 --> 54:32.400 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% whether it's here in Missouri or anywhere else, 54:32.400 --> 54:33.633 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% look beyond the glass 54:33.633 --> 54:35.400 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% and consider the depth of knowledge 54:35.400 --> 54:38.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and focus on craft that generations of winemakers 54:38.433 --> 54:40.200 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% have put into each bottle. 54:40.200 --> 54:42.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% I'm Cat Neville, and thank you for joining me. 54:53.533 --> 54:56.200 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% (exciting music) 54:56.200 --> 54:59.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Connect with us online at wearetastemaker.com 54:59.566 --> 55:02.166 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% or through social media on these handles. 55:38.966 --> 55:40.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - [Narrator] TasteMakers is brought to you 55:40.633 --> 55:44.700 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% with support from Missouri Pork Association 55:44.700 --> 55:46.433 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% and Midwest Dairy. 55:50.866 --> 55:53.433 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% (upbeat music)