WEBVTT 00:20.420 --> 00:25.658 align:left position:12.5%,start line:89% size:77.5% JAMES: HEY THERE STAR GAZERS. 00:25.759 --> 00:29.396 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% I'M JAMES ALBURY, DIRECTOR OF THE KIKA SILVA PLA PLANETARIUM IN GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA. 00:29.496 --> 00:32.832 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% DEAN: AND I'M DEAN REGAS, ASTRONOMER FOR THE CINCINNATI OBSERVATORY. 00:32.932 --> 00:37.070 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% JAMES: IT'S THAT TIME OF YEAR WHEN YOU CAN SEE ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS STAR CLUSTERS, 00:37.170 --> 00:39.539 align:left position:70%,start line:89% size:20% THE PLEIADES, BETTER KNOWN AS THE SEVEN SISTERS. 00:39.639 --> 00:44.711 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5% DEAN: BUT DO YOU KNOW THAT THERE ARE TWO MORE STAR CLUSTERS, TWIN CLUSTERS SO TO SPEAK, 00:44.811 --> 00:46.713 align:left position:87.5%,start line:89% size:2.5% JUST A SHORT VISUAL DISTANCE AWAY. 00:46.813 --> 00:50.550 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% JAMES: AND HAVE YOU EVER WONDERED WHAT WAS THE FARTHEST THING YOU CAN SEE WITH THE NAKED 00:50.650 --> 00:51.885 align:left position:45%,start line:89% size:45% EYE? 00:51.985 --> 00:53.386 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% LET'S SHOW YOU: 00:53.486 --> 00:57.524 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% JAMES: O.K., WE'VE GOT OUR SKIES SET UP FOR NEXT WEEK AROUND 9 P.M. 00:57.624 --> 01:01.528 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% IF YOU LOOK ABOVE THE EASTERN HORIZON YOU WILL SEE WHAT LOOKS LIKE AN EXQUISITE TINY 01:01.628 --> 01:04.864 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% LITTLE-DIPPER-SHAPED CLUSTER OF STARS, THE SEVEN SISTERS. 01:04.964 --> 01:09.936 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% DEAN: NOW MOST PEOPLE SEE ONLY 6 STARS HERE WITH THE NAKED EYE, BUT REALLY GOOD EYES UNDER 01:10.036 --> 01:13.440 align:left position:80%,start line:89% size:10% IDEAL CONDITIONS, CAN SEE SEVEN OR MORE. 01:13.540 --> 01:15.608 align:left position:77.5%,start line:89% size:12.5% WITH BINOCULARS YOU CAN SEE SEVERAL DOZEN. 01:15.708 --> 01:21.381 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% THERE ARE REALLY OVER 250 STARS HERE, ALL MUCH LARGER AND HOTTER THAN OUR OWN SUN. 01:21.481 --> 01:26.653 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% JAMES: AND COSMICALLY SPEAKING, THEY'RE NOT VERY DISTANT, ONLY ABOUT 400 LIGHT YEARS AWAY 01:26.753 --> 01:32.725 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% WHICH MEANS THAT WE SEE THE PLEIADES AS THEY EXISTED 400 YEARS AGO, ABOUT THE TIME GALILEO 01:32.826 --> 01:34.561 align:left position:87.5%,start line:89% size:2.5% FIRST TRAINED A TELESCOPE ON THEM. 01:34.661 --> 01:39.399 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% DEAN: NOW TO FIND THE TWIN CLUSTERS, LOOK DIRECTLY ABOVE THE NORTH STAR WHERE YOU WILL 01:39.499 --> 01:45.205 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% SEE 5 STARS THAT TRACE OUT THE 'M'-SHAPED CONSTELLATION OF CASSIOPEIA THE QUEEN. 01:45.305 --> 01:51.044 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% THEN TO THE RIGHT OF CASSIOPEIA YOU WILL SEE TWO FAINT FUZZY Q-TIP LIKE OBJECTS AND IF 01:51.144 --> 01:55.215 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% YOU ARE FAR AWAY FROM CITY LIGHTS WHERE IT'S GOOD AND DARK OUT YOU WILL NOTICE THAT THEY 01:55.315 --> 01:59.219 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% ARE EMBEDDED IN THE RIVER OF LIGHT WE CALL THE MILKY WAY. 01:59.319 --> 02:04.991 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% DEAN: NOW THESE TWO DIM FUZZY BALLS OF LIGHT ARE CALLED THE DOUBLE CLUSTER OF PERSEUS. 02:05.091 --> 02:09.762 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% AND ALTHOUGH EACH HAS ABOUT 100 MORE STARS THAN THE PLEIADES, THEY'RE NOT AS BRIGHT TO 02:09.863 --> 02:12.565 align:left position:77.5%,start line:89% size:12.5% US BECAUSE THEY ARE SO MUCH FARTHER AWAY. 02:12.665 --> 02:19.639 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5% IN FACT, UNLIKE THE PLEIADES' 400 LIGHT YEARS DISTANCE, THEY ARE A GRAND 7000 LIGHT YEARS 02:19.739 --> 02:21.508 align:left position:42.5%,start line:89% size:47.5% AWAY. 02:21.608 --> 02:24.844 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5% JAMES: NOW LET'S GET BACK TO MY QUESTION ABOUT THE FARTHEST THING THATS VISIBLE WITH THE 02:24.944 --> 02:25.845 align:left position:37.5%,start line:89% size:52.5% NAKED EYE. 02:25.945 --> 02:28.148 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% LETS START WITH THE MOON. 02:28.248 --> 02:32.552 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5% ITS VERY EASY TO SEE AND ITS ALMOST A QUARTER MILLION MILES AWAY. 02:32.652 --> 02:35.421 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% LET'S STEP IT UP A NOTCH AND TAKE LOOK AT VENUS. 02:35.522 --> 02:40.260 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% NEXT WEEK VENUS WILL BE ABOUT 100 MILLION MILES AWAY, STILL EASILY SEEN WITH THE NAKED 02:40.360 --> 02:41.561 align:left position:45%,start line:89% size:45% EYE. 02:41.661 --> 02:44.731 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% LET'S GO ANOTHER STEP AND LOOK AT JUPITER NEXT WEEK. 02:44.831 --> 02:49.469 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% THE KING OF THE PLANETS IS ABOUT 600 MILLION MILES AWAY AND STILL EASILY SEEN WITH THE 02:49.569 --> 02:51.004 align:left position:35%,start line:89% size:55% UNAIDED EYE. 02:51.104 --> 02:54.240 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% DEAN: WE'RE APPROACHING THE ANSWER BUT WE HAVE A LONG WAY TO GO YET. 02:54.340 --> 02:58.244 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5% WE CAN'T DESCRIBE HOW FAR WE CAN SEE IN TERMS OF MILES ALONE. 02:58.344 --> 03:04.050 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% WE HAVE TO SHIFT TO LIGHT YEARS WITH EACH LIGHT YEAR BEING ABOUT 6 TRILLION MILES, QUITE 03:04.150 --> 03:05.318 align:left position:35%,start line:89% size:55% A JUMP, HUH? 03:05.418 --> 03:07.887 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5% WE'RE NOT TALKING ABOUT JUST A FEW LIGHT YEARS EITHER. 03:07.987 --> 03:10.857 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% WE'RE TALKING ABOUT OVER TWO MILLION LIGHT YEARS. 03:10.957 --> 03:16.396 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% BUT WHAT COULD BE SO BRIGHT THAT WE CAN SEE IT WITH OUR UNAIDED EYES AT SUCH A DISTANCE? 03:16.496 --> 03:20.700 align:left position:70%,start line:83% size:20% JAMES: TO ANSWER THAT, LET'S FIRST FIND PEGASUS THE HORSE. 03:20.800 --> 03:27.173 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% IF WE DRAW LINES BETWEEN FOUR NOT-SO-BRIGHT STARS WE WOULD TRACE A GREAT CELESTIAL SQUARE. 03:27.273 --> 03:32.679 align:left position:65%,start line:83% size:25% AND WITH A FEW OTHER STARS, AND A LITTLE IMAGINATION WE COULD CONNECT STARS TO THIS SQUARE TO MAKE 03:32.779 --> 03:34.113 align:left position:35%,start line:89% size:55% A LONG NECK. 03:34.214 --> 03:36.849 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% THE BRIGHT STAR ENIF CAN MAKE OUR HORSE'S NOSE. 03:36.950 --> 03:42.255 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5% DEAN: A FEW DIM STARS CAN FORM TWO SHORT FRONT LEGS, AND SOME OTHERS CAN STAND IN FOR TWO 03:42.355 --> 03:43.890 align:left position:37.5%,start line:89% size:52.5% HIND LEGS. 03:43.990 --> 03:47.393 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% NOW MOST PEOPLE CALL THE HIND LEGS SOMETHING ELSE - ANDROMEDA THE PRINCESS. 03:47.493 --> 03:53.266 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% AND MAYBE THE NAME ANDROMEDA WILL GIVE YOU A GALACTIC HINT AS TO WHAT IS THE FARTHEST 03:53.366 --> 03:55.101 align:left position:82.5%,start line:89% size:7.5% THING YOU CAN SEE WITH THE NAKED EYE. 03:55.201 --> 04:00.807 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% JAMES: IT'S DIFFICULT TO FIND AND YOU MUST HAVE CLEAR, DARK, MOONLESS SKIES LIKE NEXT 04:00.907 --> 04:02.175 align:left position:42.5%,start line:89% size:47.5% WEEK. 04:02.275 --> 04:05.878 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% BUT IF YOU SQUINT, YOU MAY SEE A DIM, FUZZY PATCH OF LIGHT. 04:05.979 --> 04:11.618 align:left position:70%,start line:83% size:20% IT IS CALLED M31, THE GREAT GALAXY OF ANDROMEDA WHICH, THROUGH A TELESCOPE, REVEALS ITSELF 04:11.718 --> 04:17.523 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% TO BE A GIGANTIC FAMILY OF A TRILLION STARS THAT'S OVER TWO AND A HALF MILLION LIGHT YEARS 04:17.624 --> 04:19.359 align:left position:42.5%,start line:89% size:47.5% AWAY. 04:19.459 --> 04:23.096 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% DEAN: SO WE HAVE THREE STAR CLUSTERS AND ONE GALAXY THAT ARE VISIBLE IN A FAIRLY SMALL 04:23.196 --> 04:24.631 align:left position:87.5%,start line:89% size:2.5% CHUNK OF THE NIGHT SKY NEXT WEEK. 04:24.731 --> 04:26.332 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% TO FIND THEM YOU MUST 04:26.432 --> 04:30.432 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% BOTH: KEEP LOOKING UP!