1 00:00:20,487 --> 00:00:22,322 THE FISH HOOK AND THE SCORPION! 2 00:00:22,422 --> 00:00:24,424 DEAN: WELCOME TO STAR GAZERS. 3 00:00:24,524 --> 00:00:27,494 I'M DEAN REGAS, ASTRONOMER FROM THE CINCINNATI OBSERVATORY. 4 00:00:27,594 --> 00:00:29,929 JAMES: AND I'M JAMES ALBURY, DIRECTOR OF THE KIKA 5 00:00:30,030 --> 00:00:32,932 SILVA PLA PLANETARIUM IN GAINESVILLE FLORIDA. 6 00:00:33,033 --> 00:00:37,037 ONE OF OUR FAVORITE SUMMER TIME CONSTELLATIONS IS VISIBLE ABOVE THE SOUTHERN HORIZON AFTER 7 00:00:37,137 --> 00:00:39,672 SUNSET THIS MONTH AND IT HAS QUITE A STORY. 8 00:00:39,773 --> 00:00:41,608 DEAN: THAT'S RIGHT, JAMES! 9 00:00:41,708 --> 00:00:46,546 SCORPIUS THE SCORPION IS GRACING THE SOUTHERN SKY THIS MONTH, BUT DID YOU KNOW THAT SCORPIUS 10 00:00:46,646 --> 00:00:50,817 HAS A TOTALLY DIFFERENT IDENTITY THAT HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH SCORPIONS? 11 00:00:50,917 --> 00:00:52,285 JAMES: WHAT ARE WE TALKING ABOUT? 12 00:00:52,385 --> 00:00:53,753 LET'S SHOW YOU! 13 00:00:53,853 --> 00:00:56,990 JAMES: OK, WE HAVE OUR SKY SET FOR ABOUT AN HOUR 14 00:00:57,090 --> 00:01:00,960 AFTER SUNSET, ANY NIGHT THIS WEEK, FACING SOUTH. 15 00:01:01,061 --> 00:01:05,231 IT IS HERE THAT YOU'LL BE ABLE TO SEE THE FAMILIAR J-SHAPED PATTERN OF STARS THAT MAKE 16 00:01:05,331 --> 00:01:07,434 THE CONSTELLATION SCORPIUS THE SCORPION. 17 00:01:07,534 --> 00:01:10,070 DEAN: ACCORDING TO GREEK MYTHOLOGY, SCORPIUS WAS 18 00:01:10,170 --> 00:01:15,108 SENT BY GAIA, THE GODDESS OF THE EARTH TO PUNISH ORION FOR BOASTING THAT HE WAS THE 19 00:01:15,208 --> 00:01:17,210 GREATEST HUNTER TO EVER LIVE. 20 00:01:17,310 --> 00:01:22,816 SO WHILE HE WAS HUNTING, THE SCORPION ATTACKED ORION, STINGING HIM WITH ITS POISONOUS STINGER. 21 00:01:22,916 --> 00:01:27,153 THE SCORPION WAS THEN PLACED IN THE SKY TO MARK GAIA'S VICTORY. 22 00:01:27,253 --> 00:01:30,190 JAMES: THAT HOWEVER IS NOT THE ONLY STORY ABOUT THIS 23 00:01:30,290 --> 00:01:32,725 BRIGHT PATTERN OF SUMMER STARS. 24 00:01:32,826 --> 00:01:37,363 BELIEVE IT OR NOT, MANY PEOPLE SEE THIS J-SHAPED PATTERN AS THE GIANT FISHHOOK OF 25 00:01:37,464 --> 00:01:39,466 THE DEMIGOD MAUI. 26 00:01:39,566 --> 00:01:43,903 IN POLYNESIAN FOLK LORE, MAUI AND HIS BROTHERS DECIDED TO GO FISHING. 27 00:01:44,003 --> 00:01:48,441 HE BROUGHT HIS MAGIC FISHHOOK WITH HIM AND INSTRUCTED HIS BROTHERS THAT ONCE HE TOSSED 28 00:01:48,541 --> 00:01:52,278 THE FISHHOOK IN THE WATER, NO MATTER WHAT THEY CAUGHT, KEEP PADDLING 29 00:01:52,378 --> 00:01:53,446 AND DO NOT LOOK BACK. 30 00:01:53,546 --> 00:01:56,349 DEAN: ALMOST INSTANTLY, MAUI'S FISHHOOK BEGAN TO 31 00:01:56,449 --> 00:01:58,751 PULL UP LARGE OBJECTS FROM THE OCEAN. 32 00:01:58,852 --> 00:02:03,590 EXCITED, MAUI'S BROTHERS PADDLED FASTER, AND MAUI PULLED HARDER AND HARDER. 33 00:02:03,690 --> 00:02:07,293 MANY HOURS PASSED AND THE BROTHERS WERE EXHAUSTED FROM ALL THE ROWING. 34 00:02:07,393 --> 00:02:11,865 AGAINST MAUI'S INSTRUCTIONS, THEY DECIDED TO LOOK BACK AT WHAT MAUI CAUGHT, AND BOY 35 00:02:11,965 --> 00:02:13,266 WERE THEY SURPRISED. 36 00:02:13,366 --> 00:02:16,870 JAMES: INDEED, ONE OF THE BROTHERS EXCLAIMED, "MAUI 37 00:02:16,970 --> 00:02:18,705 CAUGHT LAND!" 38 00:02:18,805 --> 00:02:22,609 MAUI WAS FURIOUS, EXCLAIMING, "HAD YOU NOT LOOKED BACK, WE COULD HAVE RAISED A GREATER 39 00:02:22,709 --> 00:02:24,010 LAND!" 40 00:02:24,110 --> 00:02:27,046 WE NOW KNOW THESE SMALL PIECES OF LAND AS THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 41 00:02:27,147 --> 00:02:29,616 DEAN: IN ADDITION TO THAT, MAUI TOSSED HIS FISH 42 00:02:29,716 --> 00:02:34,020 HOOK INTO THE HEAVENS TO SLOW DOWN THE SUN SO THAT THE SUMMER MONTHS WOULD HAVE MORE 43 00:02:34,120 --> 00:02:35,488 HOURS OF DAYLIGHT. 44 00:02:35,588 --> 00:02:39,459 TO THIS DAY, WE CAN SEE MAUI'S FISH HOOK IN THE SKY EVERY SUMMER. 45 00:02:39,559 --> 00:02:43,096 DEAN: THE STARS OF MAUI'S FISH HOOK (AKA SCORPIUS 46 00:02:43,196 --> 00:02:45,999 THE SCORPION) HAVE INTRIGUING NAMES. 47 00:02:46,099 --> 00:02:50,203 STARTING FROM THE WEST AND WORKING OUR WAY EAST WE HAVE THE THREE STARS MARKING THE CLAWS 48 00:02:50,303 --> 00:02:51,437 OF THE SCORPION. 49 00:02:51,538 --> 00:02:54,407 GRAFFIAS, DSCHUBBA AND PI SCORPII. 50 00:02:54,507 --> 00:02:57,410 JAMES: DOWN AND TO THE LEFT OF THOSE THREE STARS 51 00:02:57,510 --> 00:03:01,247 YOU HAVE AL NIYAT, ANTARES AND ALNIYAT. 52 00:03:01,347 --> 00:03:04,551 YES, SCORPIUS HAS TWO STARS WITH THE SAME NAME. 53 00:03:04,651 --> 00:03:06,920 THE FIRST AL NIYAT IS SIGMA SCORPII. 54 00:03:07,020 --> 00:03:10,423 IT'S A BINARY STAR SYSTEM OVER 500 LIGHT YEARS AWAY. 55 00:03:10,523 --> 00:03:13,893 DEAN: THE SECOND ALNIYAT IS TAU SCORPII. 56 00:03:13,993 --> 00:03:19,532 IT'S A BLUE-WHITE STAR OVER 400 LIGHT YEARS AWAY FROM US AND OVER 18,000 TIMES AS BRIGHT 57 00:03:19,632 --> 00:03:21,034 AS OUR SUN. 58 00:03:21,134 --> 00:03:26,272 BETWEEN SIGMA AND TAU SCORPII LIES ANTARES, THE FAMED RIVAL OF MARS. 59 00:03:26,372 --> 00:03:29,142 JAMES: ANTARES IS SO LARGE THAT IF YOU WERE TO PLACE 60 00:03:29,242 --> 00:03:36,382 IN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM, MERCURY VENUS, EARTH AND MARS WOULD ALL BE ORBITING INSIDE ANTARES. 61 00:03:36,482 --> 00:03:40,019 JAMES: LASTLY, LETS SHOW YOU THE TAIL. 62 00:03:40,119 --> 00:03:47,060 MOVING AWAY FROM TAU SCORPII, WE HAVE EPSILON SCORPII, MU, ZETA AND NU SCORPII, 63 00:03:47,160 --> 00:03:52,232 SARGAS, IOTA AND KAPPA SCORPII AND SHAULA AND LESATH (WHICH MARK THE STINGER). 64 00:03:52,332 --> 00:03:54,701 DEAN: SHAULA AND LESATH ARE SOMETIMES CALLED THE 65 00:03:54,801 --> 00:03:59,839 CAT'S EYES BECAUSE THEY SEEM TO GLOW MYSTERIOUSLY LIKE THE EYES OF A CAT. 66 00:03:59,939 --> 00:04:06,179 SHAULA IS OVER 36,000 TIMES THE BRIGHTNESS OF OUR SUN AND IS APPROXIMATELY 570 LIGHT 67 00:04:06,279 --> 00:04:07,413 YEARS AWAY. 68 00:04:07,513 --> 00:04:09,849 JAMES: MEANWHILE, LESATH (WHICH MEANS "BITE OF THE 69 00:04:09,949 --> 00:04:14,354 POISONOUS ONE") IS ALSO CLOSE TO 580 LIGHT YEARS FROM US AND 70 00:04:14,454 --> 00:04:17,457 OVER 12,000 TIMES THE BRIGHTNESS OF OUR SUN. 71 00:04:17,557 --> 00:04:19,559 JAMES: SO THERE YOU HAVE IT. 72 00:04:19,659 --> 00:04:23,062 ONE CONSTELLATION WITH TWO INSPIRING PIECES OF FOLKLORE. 73 00:04:23,162 --> 00:04:26,699 AS THE NIGHT PASSES, YOU CAN WATCH MAUI'S FISH HOOK DESCENDING TOWARD THE HORIZON. 74 00:04:26,799 --> 00:04:29,702 DEAN: OR YOU CAN IMAGINE IT BEING A MENACING SCORPION, 75 00:04:29,802 --> 00:04:31,871 DESPERATELY TRYING TO FIND ORION THE HUNTER. 76 00:04:31,971 --> 00:04:34,040 JAMES: AND IF YOU LOOK CLOSELY, IT'S BEING FOLLOWED 77 00:04:34,140 --> 00:04:36,209 BY A BRIGHT, NON-TWINKLING LIGHT. 78 00:04:36,309 --> 00:04:37,477 THAT LIGHT IS JUPITER. 79 00:04:37,577 --> 00:04:41,577 BOTH: KEEP LOOKING UP!