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STARS FOR EVERY SEASON

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JAMES: 
WELCOME TO STAR GAZERS.

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I'M JAMES ALBURY, DIRECTOR OF THE KIKA SILVA 
PLA

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PLANETARIUM IN GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA.

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DEAN: 
AND I'M DEAN REGAS, ASTRONOMER FOR THE CINCINNATI

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OBSERVATORY.

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WE'RE HERE TO HELP YOU FIND YOUR WAY AROUND 
THE SKY.

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YOU KNOW, 
WE CAN SEE SOME STARS AND CONSTELLATIONS

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ALL YEAR ROUND - 
LIKE THE BIG DIPPER AND CASSIOPEIA.

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JAMES: 
WHILE OTHERS ARE ONLY VISIBLE DURING CERTAIN

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SEASONS - 
LIKE SCORPIUS AND THE SUMMER TRIANGLE.

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WHY IS THIS?

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DEAN: 
LET'S SHOW YOU THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CIRCUMPOLAR

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AND SEASONAL STARS.

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DEAN: 
OKAY WE HAVE OUR SKIES SET UP TO ANY NIGHT

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THIS WEEK, 
FACING NORTH AT 10:30PM.

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FIRST, FIND THE BIG DIPPER STANDING ON 
ITS SPOON HIGH IN THE NORTHWESTERN SKY.

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THESE SEVEN STARS ALSO MARK THE REAR END AND 
TAIL OF URSA MAJOR,

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THE BIG BEAR.

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JAMES: 
WE CAN USE THE TWO STARS ON THE END OF

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THE SPOON TO POINT US TO POLARIS, 
AKA THE

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NORTH STAR.

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POLARIS MARKS THE END OF THE TAIL OF THE 
LITTLE BEAR,

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URSA MINOR

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DEAN: 
OR THE END OF THE HANDLE OF THE

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LITTLE DIPPER.

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JAMES: 
NOW IF YOU CONTINUE THAT LINE FROM THE

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BIG DIPPERS HANDLE THROUGH POLARIS, 
YOU REACH A CONSTELLATION THAT LOOKS LIKE

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THE 
LETTER, W.

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THIS IS THE BEAUTIFUL CASSIOPEIA THE QUEEN 
SITTING ON HER THRONE.

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DEAN: 
THESE THREE CONSTELLATIONS,

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URSA MAJOR, 
URSA MINOR, AND CASSIOPEIA ARE VISIBLE IN

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THE SKY NEARLY EVERY NIGHT OF THE YEAR.

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THE REASON WHY, 
IS THAT, AS THE NIGHT ROLLS ON,

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THE STARS WILL APPEAR TO ROTATE AROUND A PIVOT 
POINT -

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NEAR POLARIS.

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JAMES: 
THIS MOTION IN THE HEAVENS IS ACTUALLY CAUSED

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BY THE ROTATION OF THE EARTH.

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OUR DAILY SPIN CAUSES STARS TO RISE IN THE 
EAST AND SET IN

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THE WEST.

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BUT IN THE NORTH WE CAN WATCH THE STARS 
SPIN A FULL 360 DEGREES WITHOUT GOING BELOW

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THE HORIZON.

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THAT MAKES THEM 
CIRCUM- POLAR STARS.

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DEAN: 
WOW,

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THIS IS MAKING ME DIZZY!

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JAMES: 
STAY FOCUSED, DEAN!

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DEAN: 
YES, AND WHEN YOU LOOK AT STARS FARTHER

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FROM POLARIS, 
THEY SEEM TO MAKE

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BIGGER CIRCLES 
IN THE SKY.

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SO THE FARTHER SOUTH YOU LOOK, 
THE LESS EACH CONSTELLATION IS ABOVE THE HORIZON.

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JAMES: 
AS THE EARTH ORBITS

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THE SUN, 
OUR PERSPECTIVE ON

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THE DISTANT STARS CHANGES.

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WHEN WE'RE ON ONE 
SIDE OF THE SUN,

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LIKE IN WINTER, 
WE CAN MORE EASILY SEE CONSTELLATIONS LIKE

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ORION AND GEMINI 
AT NIGHT.

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DEAN: 
BUT WHEN WE'RE ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE SUN,

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LIKE IN SUMMER, 
WE CAN'T SEE ORION AND GEMINI AS WELL BECAUSE

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THE GLARE OF THE SUN IS IN THE WAY.

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THOSE CONSTELLATIONS ARE ONLY ABOVE THE HORIZON 
DURING THE

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DAY TIME.

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IN SUMMER WHEN THE NIGHTTIME PART OF THE EARTH 
IS POINTED THAT WAY THEN WE CAN BETTER SEE

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THE 
STAR PATTERNS LIKE SCORPIUS AND THE SUMMER

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TRIANGLE.

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SO ALL THESE ARE SEASONAL CONSTELLATIONS.

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JAMES: 
BUT NO MATTER WHAT SEASON IT IS,

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WE ALWAYS HAVE A GOOD VIEW TO THE 
NORTHERN SKY.

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SO WE, 
IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE,

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CAN VIEW URSA MAJOR, URSA MINOR, 
AND CASSIOPEIA ALL

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YEAR LONG.

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THAT MAKES THEM CIRCUMPOLAR CONSTELLATIONS.

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JAMES: 
SO NOW THAT WE'RE

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IN SUMMER, 
LET'S CHECK OUT THE SUMMER TRIANGLE.

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LOOK HIGH IN THE EAST AND YOU'LL FIND ITS 
THREE BRIGHT STARS.

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WE CAN SEE THE BRIGHTEST STAR, VEGA, 
IS AT THE TOP,

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BRIGHT WHITE ALTAIR IS TO THE RIGHT, 
AND DIMMER DENEB IS

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TO THE LEFT.

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DEAN: 
VEGA IS THE BRIGHTEST STAR IN THE CONSTELLATION

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LYRA 
THE HARP,

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ALTAIR IS THE EAGLE EYE OF AQUILA THE EAGLE, 
AND DENEB IS THE TAIL

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OF CYGNUS THE SWAN: THREE GREAT SUMMER CONSTELLATIONS 
IN ONE BIG TRIANGLE.

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JAMES: 
ANOTHER EASY-TO-FIND SUMMER CONSTELLATION

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IS LOW IN THE 
SOUTHERN SKY.

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THERES SCORPIUS THE SCORPION.

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YOU WON'T NEED TO STRAIN YOUR IMAGINATION 
TO SEE A SCORPION IN THE LONG FISHHOOK OF

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STARS THAT MAKE HIS 
TAIL AND STINGER.

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DEAN: 
THE BRIGHTEST STAR IN SCORPIUS IS A BEAUTIFUL,

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RED STAR ANTARES.

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ANTARES MEANS RIVAL OF MARS BECAUSE ITS COLOR 
IS SIMILAR TO THAT OF THE RED PLANET.

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A STRING OF FAINTER NIGHT LIGHTS CURL JUST 
ABOVE THE HORIZON AND END AT THE SCORPIONS

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STINGER-STARS: 
SHAULA AND LESATH.

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YOU CAN THE STARS OF SCORPIUS EVERY SUMMER 
EVENING.

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JAMES: 
SO GET OUTSIDE TONIGHT AND SEE HOW THE STARS

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MOVE OVER THE NIGHT.

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IT MIGHT TAKE A FEW HOURS (OR DAYS) 
BUT YOU'LL NOTICE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE

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CIRCUMPOLAR AND SEASONAL CONSTELLATIONS.

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DEAN: 
SAY HI TO OUR OLD FRIENDS,

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URSA MAJOR, 
URSA MINOR,

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AND CASSIOPEIA.

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AND THEN YOU CAN CELEBRATE SUMMER BY SPOTTING 
THE SUMMER TRIANGLE AND THE SCORPION.

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BOTH: 
KEEP LOOKING UP!