1 00:00:02,635 --> 00:00:23,890 JAMES: HEY THERE STAR GAZERS. 2 00:00:23,990 --> 00:00:27,460 I'M JAMES ALBURY, DIRECTOR OF THE KIKA SILVA PLA PLANETARIUM IN GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA. 3 00:00:27,560 --> 00:00:30,930 DEAN: AND I'M DEAN REGAS, ASTRONOMER FOR THE CINCINNATI OBSERVATORY. 4 00:00:31,031 --> 00:00:33,433 THIS WEEK, WE'LL BE YOUR GUIDES TO THE GALAXY. 5 00:00:33,533 --> 00:00:37,904 JAMES: YEP, WE'RE GOING TO SHOW YOU THE MILKY WAY, SOMETHING I HARDLY EVER GET TO SEE IN 6 00:00:38,004 --> 00:00:39,105 FLORIDA. 7 00:00:39,205 --> 00:00:40,874 HOW MANY TIMES HAVE YOU SEEN THE MILKY WAY DEAN? 8 00:00:40,974 --> 00:00:45,211 DEAN: HA, THE ONLY MILKY WAY I SEE IN CINCINNATI IS FILLED WITH CHOCOLATE AND NOUGAT. 9 00:00:45,311 --> 00:00:47,881 FOR ME, LIGHT POLLUTION IS A BIG PROBLEM. 10 00:00:47,981 --> 00:00:50,517 CITY LIGHTS, ILLUMINATE SIGNS, PARKING LOTS, BUILDINGS 11 00:00:50,617 --> 00:00:52,685 JAMES: AND ALSO THE NIGHT SKY. 12 00:00:52,786 --> 00:00:56,389 THE MORE LIGHT THAT WE SHINE UP, THE LESS STAR-LIGHT WE CAN SEE SHINING DOWN. 13 00:00:56,489 --> 00:01:01,127 DEAN: EVEN THOUGH IT'S INVISIBLE FROM CITIES, JAMES AND I CAN SHARE A SNEAKY TIP TO FIND 14 00:01:01,227 --> 00:01:03,296 THE MILKY WAY IN YOUR SKY. 15 00:01:03,396 --> 00:01:04,964 LET'S SHOW YOU! 16 00:01:05,065 --> 00:01:08,835 JAMES: OKAY, LET'S PRETEND IT'S 9:30 AT NIGHT AND WE'RE FAR FROM CITY LIGHTS. 17 00:01:08,935 --> 00:01:11,071 DEAN: WOW, IT IS DARK OUT HERE! 18 00:01:11,171 --> 00:01:13,606 JAMES: I KNOW, AND LOOK AT ALL THE STARS YOU CAN SEE! 19 00:01:13,706 --> 00:01:15,308 DEAN: SO MANY STARS! 20 00:01:15,408 --> 00:01:17,110 YOU CAN'T EVEN COUNT 'EM ALL. 21 00:01:17,210 --> 00:01:20,246 JAMES: WE'RE FACING SOUTHEAST AND YOU CAN ALSO SEE A BAND OF FAINT LIGHT STRETCHING 22 00:01:20,346 --> 00:01:24,818 FROM THE HORIZON, TO WAY UP HIGH - ALMOST GOING STRAIGHT OVERHEAD. 23 00:01:24,918 --> 00:01:26,553 THIS IS THE MILKY WAY. 24 00:01:26,653 --> 00:01:30,890 WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE MILKY WAY, YOU ARE OBSERVING BILLIONS AND BILLIONS OF STARS. 25 00:01:30,990 --> 00:01:34,127 MOST OF THE STARS IN OUR GALAXY ARE STRETCHED OUT IN A BAND ALL AROUND US. 26 00:01:34,227 --> 00:01:38,798 DEAN: THERE ARE SO MANY STARS IN OUR LINE OF SIGHT THAT THEY APPEAR AS MILKY CLOUDS. 27 00:01:38,898 --> 00:01:43,603 MOST ANCIENT CULTURES WERE JUST AS FASCINATED WITH THE MILKY WAY AS THEY WERE WITH ANY PLANET 28 00:01:43,703 --> 00:01:45,071 OR CONSTELLATION. 29 00:01:45,171 --> 00:01:46,940 YOU CAN DEFINITELY SEE WHY. 30 00:01:47,040 --> 00:01:49,776 OUT IN THE COUNTRY IT DOMINATES THE SKY. 31 00:01:49,876 --> 00:01:54,981 DEAN: SOME BRIGHT AND FAMOUS CONSTELLATIONS CAN BE FOUND ALONG THIS GALACTIC RIVER SUCH 32 00:01:55,081 --> 00:01:59,819 AS CASSIOPEIA THE QUEEN, CYGNUS THE SWAN, AND SAGITTARIUS THE ARCHER. 33 00:01:59,919 --> 00:02:03,289 JAMES: CASSIOPEIA IS ONE OF THE MOST RECOGNIZABLE CONSTELLATIONS. 34 00:02:03,389 --> 00:02:06,392 IN THE SUMMER EVENINGS, SHE SITS ON HER THRONE IN THE NORTHEASTERN SKY. 35 00:02:06,493 --> 00:02:07,594 DEAN: WHAT? 36 00:02:07,694 --> 00:02:09,362 YOU MEAN THOSE STARS THAT LOOK LIKE THE LETTER W? 37 00:02:09,462 --> 00:02:10,363 THAT'S A QUEEN? 38 00:02:10,463 --> 00:02:12,098 JAMES: USE YOUR IMAGINATION DEAN. 39 00:02:12,198 --> 00:02:15,568 DEAN: WELL THAT PICTURE CERTAINLY HELPS, BUT I GUESS I'M IMAGINATION-CHALLENGED. 40 00:02:15,668 --> 00:02:20,607 JAMES: IN THAT CASE, PICTURE THIS W-SHAPE OF STARS AS CASSIOPEIA'S CROWN SPARKLING WITH 41 00:02:20,707 --> 00:02:21,608 FIVE STELLAR JEWELS. 42 00:02:21,708 --> 00:02:23,776 DEAN: OKAY, NOW THAT I CAN SEE. 43 00:02:23,877 --> 00:02:27,413 DEAN: NOW, KICK BACK AND LOOK HIGH IN THE SKY. 44 00:02:27,514 --> 00:02:32,318 ALMOST STRAIGHT OVERHEAD YOU'LL SEE THREE VERY BRIGHT STARS MARKING THE SUMMER TRIANGLE. 45 00:02:32,418 --> 00:02:37,790 THE SUMMER TRIANGLE IS NOT AN OFFICIAL CONSTELLATION - IT'S REALLY THREE CONSTELLATIONS: LYRA THE 46 00:02:37,891 --> 00:02:40,693 HARP, CYGNUS THE SWAN, AND AQUILA THE EAGLE. 47 00:02:40,793 --> 00:02:45,398 JAMES: LET'S FOCUS ON CYGNUS SINCE IT'S PROBABLY THE EASIEST TO IDENTIFY BECAUSE OF ITS CROSS-LIKE 48 00:02:45,498 --> 00:02:46,466 SHAPE. 49 00:02:46,566 --> 00:02:48,535 IN FACT IT'S ALSO CALLED THE NORTHERN CROSS. 50 00:02:48,635 --> 00:02:52,972 DEAN: CYGNUS' BRIGHTEST STAR IS DENEB, WHICH MARKS THE TAIL OF THE SWAN. 51 00:02:53,072 --> 00:02:58,278 CYGNUS IS LOCATED IN AN EXTREMELY RICH PART OF THE MILKY WAY, SO IMAGINE IT FLYING ALONG 52 00:02:58,378 --> 00:03:00,079 THE GREAT RIVER IN THE SKY. 53 00:03:00,180 --> 00:03:04,751 JAMES: NEAR DENEB, THE MILKY WAY BRANCHES INTO TWO CHANNELS LEAVING A DARK REGION IN 54 00:03:04,851 --> 00:03:05,752 THE MIDDLE. 55 00:03:05,852 --> 00:03:07,620 THIS IS CALLED THE CYGNUS RIFT. 56 00:03:07,720 --> 00:03:10,156 JAMES: NOW LOOK TOWARD THE SOUTH. 57 00:03:10,256 --> 00:03:16,362 HERE THE MILKY WAY THREADS BETWEEN TWO ZODIACAL CONSTELLATIONS - SCORPIUS AND SAGITTARIUS. 58 00:03:16,462 --> 00:03:20,433 SCORPIUS THE SCORPION IS EASY TO SPOT WITH ITS BRIGHT RED STAR FOR A HEART AND ITS CURVED 59 00:03:20,533 --> 00:03:22,235 TAIL-STARS. 60 00:03:22,335 --> 00:03:25,805 THE STARS IN SAGITTARIUS RESEMBLE MORE OF A TEAPOT THAN A CENTAUR WIELDING A BOW AND 61 00:03:25,905 --> 00:03:27,607 ARROW. 62 00:03:27,707 --> 00:03:30,443 DEAN: WHEN YOU LOOK TOWARD SAGITTARIUS, YOU'RE PEERING INTO THE CENTER OF OUR GALAXY. 63 00:03:30,543 --> 00:03:35,582 IN THAT DIRECTION, THERE ARE BILLIONS AND BILLIONS OF STARS, AND AT THE VERY CENTER 64 00:03:35,682 --> 00:03:38,151 LIES A SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE. 65 00:03:38,251 --> 00:03:43,022 DEAN: OF COURSE YOU CAN'T SEE THE MILKY WAY IF YOU'RE A CITY-BOUND STAR GAZER. 66 00:03:43,122 --> 00:03:45,992 LET'S SHOW YOU THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A RURAL SKY 67 00:03:46,092 --> 00:03:47,660 AND A LIGHT POLLUTED SKY. 68 00:03:47,760 --> 00:03:48,661 JAMES: YIKES! 69 00:03:48,761 --> 00:03:50,530 WHAT A DIFFERENCE! 70 00:03:50,630 --> 00:03:53,833 EVEN THOUGH THE MILKY WAY DISAPPEARED, WE STILL HAVE THREE CONSTELLATIONS CLEARLY VISIBLE 71 00:03:53,933 --> 00:03:55,635 TO GUIDE US. 72 00:03:55,735 --> 00:03:59,706 CASSIOPEIA IN THE NORTHEAST, CYGNUS HIGH OVERHEAD, AND SAGITTARIUS LOW IN THE SOUTH. 73 00:03:59,806 --> 00:04:03,509 DEAN: AND THAT'S WHERE THE MILKY WAY IS - EVEN IF YOU CAN'T SEE IT. 74 00:04:03,610 --> 00:04:10,083 ONCE YOU IDENTIFY CASSIOPEIA, CYGNUS, OR SAGITTARIUS, SCAN THESE REGIONS OF THE SKY WITH BINOCULARS. 75 00:04:10,183 --> 00:04:14,721 WITH JUST A LITTLE MAGNIFICATION, A WEALTH OF STARS WILL BE REVEALED TO YOU. 76 00:04:14,821 --> 00:04:17,156 JAMES: SO FOLLOW THE MILKY WAY TONIGHT 77 00:04:17,257 --> 00:04:21,628 DEAN: AND START COUNTING THOSE BILLIONS AND BILLIONS OF STARS AS YOU 78 00:04:21,728 --> 00:04:25,728 BOTH: KEEP LOOKING UP!