1 00:00:02,669 --> 00:00:23,023 THE GOAT, THE FROG, AND MARS 2 00:00:23,123 --> 00:00:24,791 JAMES: WELCOME TO STAR GAZERS. 3 00:00:24,891 --> 00:00:27,460 I M JAMES ALBURY, DIRECTOR OF THE KIKA SILVA PLA 4 00:00:27,560 --> 00:00:28,928 PLANETARIUM IN GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA. 5 00:00:29,029 --> 00:00:31,698 DEAN: AND I M DEAN REGAS, ASTRONOMER FOR THE CINCINNATI 6 00:00:31,798 --> 00:00:32,932 OBSERVATORY. 7 00:00:33,033 --> 00:00:35,902 WE RE HERE TO HELP YOU FIND YOUR WAY AROUND THE SKY. 8 00:00:36,002 --> 00:00:40,540 SINCE THE BEGINNING OF TIME, STAR GAZERS ALL AROUND THE WORLD KICKED BACK AT NIGHT AND 9 00:00:40,640 --> 00:00:42,308 TRIED TO MAKE SENSE OF THE UNIVERSE. 10 00:00:42,409 --> 00:00:44,711 JAMES: THE MORE THEY WATCHED THE SKY, THE MORE THEY 11 00:00:44,811 --> 00:00:46,112 STARTED TO GET TO KNOW THE STARS. 12 00:00:46,212 --> 00:00:49,082 DEAN: I KNOW THE STARS MAY LOOK LIKE DOTS, BUT MAYBE 13 00:00:49,182 --> 00:00:51,518 YOU CAN SEE SHAPES AND PATTERNS IN THEM. 14 00:00:51,618 --> 00:00:54,087 JAMES: TAKE THAT GROUP OF STARS BEHIND US. 15 00:00:54,187 --> 00:00:57,323 IF YOU CONNECT THE DOTS MAYBE IT LOOKS LIKE A BIG, GOOFY GRIN. 16 00:00:57,424 --> 00:00:59,626 DEAN: OR WITH A LOT OF IMAGINATION, IT COULD BE 17 00:00:59,726 --> 00:01:00,627 A SEA-GOAT. 18 00:01:00,727 --> 00:01:01,628 JAMES: A WHAT? 19 00:01:01,728 --> 00:01:02,629 DEAN: SEA. 20 00:01:02,729 --> 00:01:03,630 GOAT. 21 00:01:03,730 --> 00:01:04,631 HALF GOAT. 22 00:01:04,731 --> 00:01:06,399 HALF FISH. 23 00:01:06,499 --> 00:01:07,967 I KNOW IT S TOTALLY OBVIOUS, BUT WE LL SHOW YOU WHERE TO FIND IT, ALONG WITH A RED 24 00:01:08,068 --> 00:01:12,338 PLANET OF WAR AND A STAR SOME PEOPLE SWORE WAS A FROG. 25 00:01:12,439 --> 00:01:14,207 JAMES: WHAT IS HE TALKING ABOUT? 26 00:01:14,307 --> 00:01:15,642 LET S SHOW YOU. 27 00:01:15,742 --> 00:01:18,578 DEAN: OKAY, WE HAVE OUR SKY SET UP FOR ANY NIGHT 28 00:01:18,678 --> 00:01:20,947 THIS WEEK FACING SOUTH AT 8PM. 29 00:01:21,047 --> 00:01:23,016 OH YEAH, I CAN DEFINITELY SEE IT. 30 00:01:23,116 --> 00:01:24,384 JAMES: SEE WHAT? 31 00:01:24,484 --> 00:01:26,886 ALL I SEE IS A BUNCH OF FAINT DOTS WITH TWO BRIGHTER DOTS 32 00:01:26,986 --> 00:01:27,887 THROWN IN. 33 00:01:27,987 --> 00:01:28,988 DEAN: EXACTLY! 34 00:01:29,089 --> 00:01:31,291 THERE S A SEA-GOAT, A FROG, AND A GOD OF WAR. 35 00:01:31,391 --> 00:01:33,626 JAMES: YOU VE BEEN WATCHING THE SKY TOO LONG, MAN! 36 00:01:33,726 --> 00:01:34,894 DEAN: THAT IS TRUE. 37 00:01:34,994 --> 00:01:37,464 JAMES: I MEAN, I CAN SEE MARS UP THERE PLAIN AS NIGHT. 38 00:01:37,564 --> 00:01:39,899 IT S THE BRIGHTEST AND REDDIST LIGHT IN THE SOUTHERN SKY 39 00:01:39,999 --> 00:01:41,267 AFTER DARK. 40 00:01:41,367 --> 00:01:44,170 MARS WAS CLOSEST TO US IN JULY, BUT IS STILL SUPER-BRIGHT AND 41 00:01:44,270 --> 00:01:45,371 SUPER-NOTICEABLE. 42 00:01:45,472 --> 00:01:47,740 DEAN: AND MARS WILL HELP US FIND THE SEA GOAT IN 43 00:01:47,841 --> 00:01:52,612 A MINUTE, BUT LET S FLY IN FOR A CLOSER LOOK TO SEE WHY MARS IS THE GOD OF WAR. 44 00:01:52,712 --> 00:01:56,149 DEAN: IT NORMALLY TAKES A ROCKET ABOUT SIX TO SEVEN 45 00:01:56,249 --> 00:01:58,284 MONTHS TO TRAVEL FROM EARTH TO MARS. 46 00:01:58,384 --> 00:02:00,186 BUT WE LL GET YOU THERE IN A FEW SECONDS. 47 00:02:00,286 --> 00:02:02,722 JAMES: THE ANCIENTS NOTICED MARS LOOKED REDDER THAN 48 00:02:02,822 --> 00:02:04,324 MOST OTHER THINGS IN THE SKY. 49 00:02:04,424 --> 00:02:07,093 SO, THEY ASSOCIATED IT WITH BLOOD AND WAR. 50 00:02:07,193 --> 00:02:10,964 AS WE APPROACH THE RED PLANET WE LL FIRST NOTICE THAT IT S NOT SUPER RED. 51 00:02:11,064 --> 00:02:14,000 IT LOOKS MORE ORANGE, BROWN, PINK AND RUSTY. 52 00:02:14,100 --> 00:02:18,071 AND THAT S BECAUSE THERE IS A LOT OF IRON IN THOSE ROCKS, AND THEY HAVE ACTUALLY RUSTED 53 00:02:18,171 --> 00:02:19,305 OVER TIME. 54 00:02:19,405 --> 00:02:21,574 DEAN: CURRENTLY WE HAVE TWO ROVERS ROLLING ON MARS 55 00:02:21,674 --> 00:02:23,409 AND SEVERAL ORBITING SPACECRAFTS. 56 00:02:23,510 --> 00:02:28,648 THE LATEST ADDITION WILL BE THE INSIGHT MISSION WHICH ARRIVES AT MARS IN NOVEMBER. 57 00:02:28,748 --> 00:02:32,519 DEAN: BACK ON EARTH, MARS WILL APPEAR NEAR A SECOND-MAGNITUDE 58 00:02:32,619 --> 00:02:34,420 STAR NAMED DENEB ALGIEDI. 59 00:02:34,521 --> 00:02:37,624 JAMES: LONG-TIME STAR GAZERS MAY RECOGNIZE THE NAME 60 00:02:37,724 --> 00:02:42,162 DENEB SINCE THAT IS THE NAME OF A BRIGHT SUMMER STAR IN THE CONSTELLATION CYGNUS THE 61 00:02:42,262 --> 00:02:43,163 SWAN. 62 00:02:43,263 --> 00:02:44,564 DENEB MEANS TAIL. 63 00:02:44,664 --> 00:02:46,733 SO, IS THIS THE TAIL OF THE SEA GOAT? 64 00:02:46,833 --> 00:02:49,903 AND IF SO IS IT A FISH TAIL, OR A GOAT TAIL? 65 00:02:50,003 --> 00:02:52,672 DEAN: WELL, LET S OUTLINE THE STARS IN THIS CONSTELLATION 66 00:02:52,772 --> 00:02:55,808 AND WE CAN SEE ALL OF CAPRICORNUS. 67 00:02:55,909 --> 00:02:59,012 NOW IF YOU CAN T SEE A SEA-GOAT, YOU RE NOT ALONE. 68 00:02:59,112 --> 00:03:04,984 BUT MARS CAN AT LEAST ALERT YOU TO THE PRESENCE OF THIS STAR PATTERN, THAT LOOKS LIKE A SMILE, 69 00:03:05,084 --> 00:03:06,419 OR LARGE BOOMERANG. 70 00:03:06,519 --> 00:03:09,389 JAMES: AND WHEN WE THROW IN THE ANCIENT GREEK MYTHOLOGICAL 71 00:03:09,489 --> 00:03:14,227 PICTURE, WE SEE THAT CAPRICORNUS HAS THE HEAD OF A GOAT, AND THE TAIL OF A FISH. 72 00:03:14,327 --> 00:03:18,097 THIS IS SUPPOSED TO BE THE GOD PAN WHO COULD CHANGE INTO ANY ANIMAL. 73 00:03:18,198 --> 00:03:20,733 DEAN: ONE DAY WHEN PAN WAS WADING IN A STREAM A 74 00:03:20,833 --> 00:03:23,937 TERRIFYING MONSTER NAMED TYPHON CAME ALONG. 75 00:03:24,037 --> 00:03:25,071 IN A PAN-IC... 76 00:03:25,171 --> 00:03:26,072 JAMES: NICE! 77 00:03:26,172 --> 00:03:27,907 DEAN: PAN, CHANGED FORM. 78 00:03:28,007 --> 00:03:32,245 THE PART OF HIS BODY ABOVE THE WATER TURNED INTO A GOAT AND THE PART BELOW TURNED INTO 79 00:03:32,345 --> 00:03:33,246 A FISH. 80 00:03:33,346 --> 00:03:34,447 JAMES: TALK ABOUT A DUAL-PERSONALITY! 81 00:03:34,547 --> 00:03:37,183 JAMES: SO NOW THAT WE GOT THE SEA-GOAT OUT OF THE 82 00:03:37,283 --> 00:03:39,419 WAY DEAN, TELL ME ABOUT THE FROG IN THE SKY. 83 00:03:39,519 --> 00:03:42,355 DEAN: OKAY, THERE ARE NO OFFICIAL FROG CONSTELLATIONS, 84 00:03:42,455 --> 00:03:48,461 BUT THE ARABIC ASTRONOMERS HAD A FROGGY NICKNAME FOR THE LONE, BRIGHT STAR IN THE SOUTH-SOUTHEAST. 85 00:03:48,561 --> 00:03:53,032 THERE YOU LL SEE THE FIRST-MAGNITUDE, AND FUN-TO-PRONOUNCE STAR, FOMALHAUT. 86 00:03:53,132 --> 00:03:58,104 OFFICIALLY, FOMALHAUT IS THE BRIGHTEST STAR IN THE CUTE CONSTELLATION PISCIS AUSTRALIS, 87 00:03:58,204 --> 00:03:59,205 THE SOUTHERN FISH. 88 00:03:59,305 --> 00:04:01,040 JAMES: AWW, IT LOOKS A LIKE A LITTLE GOLDFISH. 89 00:04:01,140 --> 00:04:03,776 DEAN: YES, BUT THE ARABIC NICKNAME FOR THIS STAR 90 00:04:03,876 --> 00:04:05,111 WAS, THE FIRST FROG. 91 00:04:05,211 --> 00:04:07,947 JAMES: SO, THERE S A LOT TO SEE IN THE SKY TONIGHT. 92 00:04:08,047 --> 00:04:09,916 LOOK FOR MARS NEAR THE TAIL-STAR OF CAPRICORNUS THE 93 00:04:10,016 --> 00:04:11,117 SEA-GOAT. 94 00:04:11,217 --> 00:04:12,919 DEAN: THEN HOP OVER TO FOMALHAUT AND SEE IF YOU 95 00:04:13,019 --> 00:04:16,522 SEE A FROG AND ITS GREENISH COLOR. 96 00:04:16,623 --> 00:04:20,623 BOTH: KEEP LOOKING UP!