WEBVTT

00:20.320 --> 00:26.993 align:left position:70%,start line:83% size:20%
JAMES: WELCOME TO STAR GAZERS. I'M JAMES ALBURY,
DIRECTOR OF THE KIKA SILVA PLA PLANETARIUM

00:27.093 --> 00:28.561 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
IN GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA.

00:28.661 --> 00:31.531 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5%
DEAN: AND I'M DEAN REGAS, ASTRONOMER FROM
THE CINCINNATI OBSERVATORY.

00:31.631 --> 00:36.302 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5%
JAMES: LAST WEEK, DEAN AND I TALKED ABOUT
THE ROCKY PLANETS AND OF COURSE THAT PROMPTED

00:36.403 --> 00:40.874 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15%
THE FEDERATION OF GAS GIANT PLANETS TO SEND
US A STRONGLY WORDED LETTER DEMANDING EQUAL

00:40.974 --> 00:42.742 align:left position:37.5%,start line:89% size:52.5%
TIME. SO

00:42.842 --> 00:46.646 align:left position:70%,start line:83% size:20%
DEAN: WE DEVOTED THIS WEEK'S SHOW TO THE LARGEST
OF THE GAS GIANT PLANETS, SPECIFICALLY THE

00:46.746 --> 00:49.149 align:left position:87.5%,start line:89% size:2.5%
KING OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM, JUPITER.

00:49.249 --> 00:53.286 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5%
JAMES: IF YOU'RE A PERSON WHO LIKES TO DO
YOUR PLANET WATCHING BEFORE SUNRISE, JUPITER

00:53.386 --> 00:57.824 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5%
IS IN A GREAT POSITION FOR VIEWING RIGHT NOW.
SO LET'S GET JOVIAN WITH JUPITER.

00:57.924 --> 01:03.930 align:left position:70%,start line:83% size:20%
DEAN: OK, WE HAVE OUR SKY SET TO AN HOUR BEFORE
SUNRISE ANY NIGHT THIS WEEK, FACING SOUTH.

01:04.030 --> 01:08.701 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15%
HIGH IN THE SKY, YOULL SEE TWO BRIGHT LIGHTS
IN THE CONSTELLATION VIRGO THE MAIDEN. THE

01:08.802 --> 01:13.973 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5%
ONE THATS TWINKLING IS THE BLUE GIANT STAR
SPICA. THE ONE THAT ISNT TWINKLING IS OUR

01:14.074 --> 01:15.909 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
FRIEND, JUPITER.

01:16.009 --> 01:20.580 align:left position:70%,start line:83% size:20%
JAMES: THROUGH EVEN A MODEST TELESCOPE, JUPITER
SHOWS ITSELF AS A DISK WITH DARK BANDING ACROSS

01:20.680 --> 01:25.618 align:left position:70%,start line:83% size:20%
ITS SURFACE. AND IF YOUR SKIES ARE PARTICULARLY
STEADY, AND YOUR TIMING IS RIGHT, YOU MAY

01:25.718 --> 01:27.420 align:left position:82.5%,start line:89% size:7.5%
CATCH A GLIMPSE OF THE GREAT RED SPOT.

01:27.520 --> 01:32.859 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5%
DEAN: AT CURRENT COUNT, 67 MOONS SURROUND
JUPITER AND FOUR OF THEM ARE CLOSE TO THE

01:32.959 --> 01:40.733 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5%
SAME SIZE OR LARGER THAN OUR OWN MOON. THEYRE
NAMED, IO, EUROPA, GANYMEDE AND CALLISTO;

01:40.834 --> 01:45.572 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5%
AND YOU CAN SEE THEM CHANGE POSITION EVERY
NIGHT, THROUGH EVEN A SMALL TELESCOPE.

01:45.672 --> 01:50.477 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5%
JAMES: JUPITER IS NOT ONLY THE LARGEST PLANET
IN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM, BUT ITS GRAVITY IS SO

01:50.577 --> 01:54.647 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5%
STRONG THAT IT'S SOMETIMES REFERRED TO AS
THE SOLAR SYSTEM'S VACUUM CLEANER.

01:54.747 --> 02:00.787 align:left position:67.5%,start line:83% size:22.5%
DEAN: JUPITER'S GRAVITY ATTRACTS NEARBY ASTEROIDS
AND OTHER SMALL SOLAR SYSTEM BODIES, AND IT

02:00.887 --> 02:05.925 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5%
HAS BEEN KNOWN TO DRAMATICALLY CHANGE THE
ORBITS OF AN INBOUND COMET, WHICH CAN SHORTEN

02:06.025 --> 02:09.929 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15%
OR LENGTHEN THE AMOUNT OF TIME IT TAKES FOR
THE COMET TO ORBIT THE SUN.

02:10.029 --> 02:16.769 align:left position:62.5%,start line:83% size:27.5%
JAMES: IN JULY 1994, FRAGMENTS OF COMET SHOEMAKER-LEVY
9 COLLIDED WITH JUPITER, PROVIDING THE FIRST

02:16.870 --> 02:20.607 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5%
DIRECT OBSERVATION OF A COLLISION BETWEEN
TWO SOLAR SYSTEM OBJECTS.

02:20.707 --> 02:26.112 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5%
DEAN: THE PLANET JUPITER HAS BEEN OBSERVED
IN THE SKY SINCE ANTIQUITY. THE ANCIENT ROMANS

02:26.212 --> 02:30.984 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15%
NAMED IT AFTER THE KING OF THEIR GODS, WHOM
THE GREEKS REFERRED TO AS ZEUS.

02:31.084 --> 02:35.421 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5%
JAMES: BABYLONIAN ASTRONOMERS HAVE RECORDS
OF JUPITER DATING BACK TO THE 7TH CENTURY

02:35.522 --> 02:41.561 align:left position:70%,start line:83% size:20%
B.C. IN HIS BOOK THE ALMAGEST, GREEK ASTRONOMER
CLAUDIUS PTOLEMY USED JUPITER'S MOTION WITH

02:41.661 --> 02:45.665 align:left position:67.5%,start line:83% size:22.5%
RESPECT TO THE EARTH TO REFINE HIS EARTH-CENTERED
MODEL OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM.

02:45.765 --> 02:50.970 align:left position:70%,start line:83% size:20%
DEAN: BY DOING THIS, PTOLEMY SHOWED THAT JUPITER
TOOK ALMOST 12 YEARS TO MAKE A COMPLETE CIRCUIT

02:51.070 --> 02:56.342 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15%
OF THE SKY, WHICH WE NOW KNOW AS THE AMOUNT
OF TIME IT TAKES JUPITER TO ORBIT THE SUN.

02:56.442 --> 03:02.448 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5%
JAMES: IN 1610, ITALIAN ASTRONOMER GALILEO
GALILEI STUDIED JUPITER USING A TELESCOPE

03:02.549 --> 03:08.288 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5%
AND IS CREDITED WITH DISCOVERING THE FOUR
LARGEST MOONS OF JUPITER; IO, EUROPA, GANYMEDE

03:08.388 --> 03:14.093 align:left position:70%,start line:83% size:20%
AND CALLISTO. THE MOTIONS OF THESE MOONS AROUND
JUPITER PROVIDED GALILEO WITH AN EXAMPLE SUPPORTING

03:14.194 --> 03:19.332 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15%
NICHOLAS COPERNICUS' VIEW OF A SUN-CENTERED
SOLAR SYSTEM, BECAUSE IF YOU LOOK AT JUPITER

03:19.432 --> 03:23.670 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15%
AND ITS MOONS, THEY DO LOOK LIKE A MINIATURE
VERSION OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM.

03:23.770 --> 03:29.609 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5%
DEAN: ASTRONOMERS GIOVANNI CASSINI AND ROBERT
HOOKE BOTH NOTICED A LARGE RED SPOT ON JUPITER

03:29.709 --> 03:35.715 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15%
DURING THEIR TELESCOPIC OBSERVATIONS IN THE
1660'S. THIS SPOT, AFFECTIONATELY CALLED THE

03:35.815 --> 03:40.720 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5%
GREAT RED SPOT, IS SO LARGE THAT YOU COULD
FIT TWO EARTHS INSIDE IT.

03:40.820 --> 03:46.125 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5%
DEAN: JUPITER IS ENORMOUS. IF JUPITER WERE
HOLLOW, YOU COULD FIT OVER 1000 EARTHS INSIDE

03:46.226 --> 03:51.397 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5%
IT, AND IT HAS OVER 120 TIMES THE SURFACE
AREA OF THE EARTH. IF JUPITER WERE THE SIZE

03:51.497 --> 03:55.201 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5%
OF A BASKETBALL, EARTH WOULD BE ABOUT THE
SIZE OF A SMALL MARBLE.

03:55.301 --> 04:01.608 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15%
JAMES: JUPITER ALSO SPINS VERY FAST. ITS DAY
IS ONLY 9.8 HOURS. WHICH MEANS THAT WHEN JUPITER

04:01.708 --> 04:06.512 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5%
RISES AT SUNSET DURING THE WINTER MONTHS (WHEN
THE SKY IS DARK FOR MORE THAN 12 HOURS), IN

04:06.613 --> 04:10.516 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5%
THE COURSE OF ONLY ONE NIGHT, YOU CAN ACTUALLY
SEE THE ENTIRE SURFACE OF THE PLANET.

04:10.617 --> 04:15.922 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15%
DEAN: THIS RAPID SPINNING HAS CAUSED JUPITER
TO TAKE ON AN M & M SHAPE AND BECAUSE JUPITER

04:16.022 --> 04:21.261 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5%
IS NOT A SOLID BODY, JUPITER'S ATMOSPHERE
ACTUALLY SPINS FASTER AT THE EQUATOR THAN

04:21.361 --> 04:25.832 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15%
IT DOES AT THE POLES, MAKING THE CLOUDS FORM
THE STRIPES WE'VE COME TO KNOW AND LOVE.

04:25.932 --> 04:30.903 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15%
DEAN: SO, GET OUTSIDE AND GAZE UPON THE GAS
GIANT PLANET JUPITER THIS WEEK.

04:31.004 --> 04:32.739 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
JAMES: IT'S EASY TO DO WHEN YOU

04:32.839 --> 04:36.839 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5%
BOTH: KEEP LOOKING UP!