WEBVTT 00:20.854 --> 00:24.124 align:left position:30%,start line:83% size:60% THE ORION NEBULA DEAN: WELCOME TO STAR GAZERS. 00:24.224 --> 00:27.193 align:left position:30%,start line:83% size:60% I'M DEAN REGAS, ASTRONOMER FROM THE CINCINNATI OBSERVATORY. 00:27.293 --> 00:30.830 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% JAMES: AND I'M JAMES ALBURY, DIRECTOR OF THE KIKA SILVA PLA PLANETARIUM 00:30.930 --> 00:32.432 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% IN GAINESVILLE FLORIDA. 00:32.532 --> 00:35.001 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% WE'RE HERE TO HELP YOU FIND YOUR WAY AROUND THE SKY. 00:35.101 --> 00:37.670 align:left position:30%,start line:83% size:60% DEAN: ONE OF THE BEST THINGS ABOUT WINTER IS THAT IT ALWAYS 00:37.771 --> 00:41.074 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% BRINGS THE RETURN OF ONE OF THE TRUE WONDERS OF THE UNIVERSE. 00:41.174 --> 00:42.742 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% JAMES: THAT WOULDN'T BE SNOW, WOULD IT? 00:42.842 --> 00:44.277 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% DEAN: NOT QUITE, JAMES! 00:44.377 --> 00:47.580 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% I'M THINKING OF SOMETHING MUCH FARTHER AWAY, BUT IT'S SOMETHING THAT 00:47.680 --> 00:49.849 align:left position:80%,start line:89% size:10% IS VERY EASY TO SPOT IN THE WINTER SKY. 00:49.949 --> 00:50.917 align:left position:32.5%,start line:89% size:57.5% JAMES: SWEET! 00:51.017 --> 00:52.285 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% LET'S SHOW YOU! 00:52.385 --> 00:54.821 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% DEAN: WE HAVE OUR SKIES SET UP FOR ANY NIGHT THIS 00:54.921 --> 00:56.356 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% WEEK AT ABOUT 7:30PM. 00:56.456 --> 00:59.959 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% IN THE SOUTHEAST YOU'LL SEE WHAT HAS TO BE THE SECOND 01:00.060 --> 01:04.130 align:left position:12.5%,start line:83% size:77.5% MOST FAMILIAR PATTERN OF STARS (AFTER THE BIG DIPPER THAT IS), A PATTERN 01:04.230 --> 01:07.967 align:left position:87.5%,start line:83% size:2.5% WHICH IS LOADED WITH BRIGHT STARS, KNOWN AS ORION THE HUNTER. 01:08.068 --> 01:12.138 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% JAMES: TO FIND HIM LOOK FOR HIS BELT OF THREE STARS IN A ROW. 01:12.238 --> 01:15.608 align:left position:82.5%,start line:83% size:7.5% THESE ARE THE STARS, ALNITAK, ALNILAM AND MINTAKA. 01:15.708 --> 01:19.012 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% DEAN: ABOVE THESE 3 BELT STARS YOU'LL SEE 2 BRILLIANT 01:19.112 --> 01:23.216 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% STARS MARKING ORION'S SHODERS, BETELGEUSE AND BELLATRIX. 01:23.316 --> 01:26.686 align:left position:37.5%,start line:83% size:52.5% AND BELOW HIS BELT, 2 OTHER STARS MARK HIS ANKLE AND 01:26.786 --> 01:28.755 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% HIS KNEE, RIGEL AND SAIPH. 01:28.855 --> 01:32.859 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% JAMES: WE OFTEN TALK ABOUT ORION'S BRIGHT STARS, BUT FOR THIS EPISODE, 01:32.959 --> 01:36.162 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% WE WOULD LIKE TO ZERO-IN ON ONE OF ORION'S MORE SUBTLE OBJECTS. 01:36.262 --> 01:40.033 align:left position:45%,start line:83% size:45% LOOK BELOW THE BELT FOR 3 MUCH DIMMER STARS, THE 01:40.133 --> 01:42.802 align:left position:87.5%,start line:89% size:2.5% STARS WE CALL THE SWORD OF ORION. 01:42.902 --> 01:46.573 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% THERE WE WILL FIND ONE OF THE MOST AWESOME WONDERS OF OUR NEARBY UNIVERSE. 01:46.673 --> 01:51.811 align:left position:80%,start line:83% size:10% DEAN: IF YOU LOOK VERY CAREFLY AT THESE 3 STARS IN ORION'S SWORD, YOU'LL NOTICE THAT 01:51.911 --> 01:56.349 align:left position:87.5%,start line:83% size:2.5% NO MATTER HOW SHARP YOUR EYESIGHT, THE MIDDLE STAR ALWAYS SEEMS TO LOOK FUZZY 01:56.449 --> 02:01.121 align:left position:85%,start line:83% size:5% OR SLIGHTLY OUT OF FOCUS AND THAT'S BECAUSE THIS STAR IS NOT A STAR AT ALL, BUT 02:01.221 --> 02:02.689 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% SOMETHING WE CALL A NEBULA. 02:02.789 --> 02:07.260 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% JAMES: A NEBULA IS A COSMIC CLOUD OF GAS AND DUST AND THE GREAT NEBULA 02:07.360 --> 02:10.730 align:left position:70%,start line:89% size:20% OF ORION IS ACTUALLY A STELLAR RECYCLING CENTER. 02:10.830 --> 02:14.134 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% WITHIN THIS NEBULA, BRAND NEW STARS HAVE BEEN, AND ARE STILL BEING 02:14.234 --> 02:15.902 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% BORN FROM THE SURROUNDING CLOUD. 02:16.002 --> 02:19.906 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% DEAN: IN FACT, YOU CAN SEE THE ORION NEBA USING EVEN THE CHEAPEST PAIR 02:20.006 --> 02:21.141 align:left position:32.5%,start line:89% size:57.5% OF BINOCULARS. 02:21.241 --> 02:24.711 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% THIS CLOUD IS ILLUMINATED BY 4 RECENTLY-BORN STARS 02:24.811 --> 02:29.115 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% ARRANGED IN THE SHAPE OF A BASEBALL DIAMOND CALLED THE TRAPEZIUM, AND THESE 02:29.215 --> 02:32.152 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% 4 STARS CAN ACTUALLY BE SEEN WITH A SMALL TELESCOPE. 02:32.252 --> 02:36.723 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% NOW, ALTHOUGH THE ORION NEBA LOOKSTINY, IN REALITY, ITS SIZE 02:36.823 --> 02:38.658 align:left position:27.5%,start line:89% size:62.5% IS MIND-BOGGLING. 02:38.758 --> 02:43.663 align:left position:67.5%,start line:83% size:22.5% DEAN: BELIEVE IT OR NOT, THERE IS ENOUGH MATERIAL IN THIS NEBULA TO PRODUCE OVER 10 THOUSAND 02:43.763 --> 02:45.698 align:left position:27.5%,start line:83% size:62.5% STARS THE SIZE OF OUR SUN! 02:45.798 --> 02:48.768 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5% BUT IF YOU REALLY WANT TO BE IMPRESSED, CHECK OUT THE WIDTH OF 02:48.868 --> 02:50.069 align:left position:27.5%,start line:89% size:62.5% THE ORION NEBULA. 02:50.170 --> 02:53.540 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5% AS NEBULAE GO, THIS ONE IS GIGANTIC; SPANNING OVER 02:53.640 --> 02:55.308 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% 30 LIGHT YEARS IN DIAMETER. 02:55.408 --> 02:58.511 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% JAMES: JUST TO GIVE YOU A REFRESHER, A LIGHT YEAR 02:58.611 --> 03:02.282 align:left position:80%,start line:83% size:10% IS NOT A MEASURE OF TIME, BUT A MEASURE OF DISTANCE. 03:02.382 --> 03:05.818 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5% SPACE IS SO BIG AND THE STARS ARE SO FAR AWAY, THAT WE ASTRONOMERS 03:05.919 --> 03:09.422 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5% DON'T MEASURE THE DISTANCES BETWEEN THE STARS IN TERRESTRIAL UNITS LIKE 03:09.522 --> 03:10.924 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% MILES OR KILOMETERS. 03:11.024 --> 03:12.659 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% WE USE THE TERM LIGHT YEAR. 03:12.759 --> 03:18.731 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% DEAN: LIGHT TRAVELS AT A WHOPPING 186,000 MILES PER SECOND, WHICH IS ALMOST 03:18.831 --> 03:21.501 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% 670 MILLION MILES PER HOUR! 03:21.601 --> 03:25.772 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% THIS MEANS THAT IF YOU WERE TO TRAVEL AT THE SPEED OF LIGHT FROM THE EARTH TO THE MOON, 03:25.872 --> 03:28.975 align:left position:80%,start line:89% size:10% YOU COULD MAKE THE TRIP IN 1.3 SECONDS. 03:29.075 --> 03:32.212 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% IF YOU TRAVELED FROM THE EARTH TO THE SUN AT THAT SAME SPEED, YOU COULD 03:32.312 --> 03:34.981 align:left position:77.5%,start line:89% size:12.5% MAKE THE TRIP IN A LITTLE OVER 8 MINUTES. 03:35.081 --> 03:38.484 align:left position:17.5%,start line:83% size:72.5% AND IF YOU WERE TO TRAVEL FROM EARTH TO PLUTO AT THE SPEED OF LIGHT, 03:38.585 --> 03:41.221 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% YOU COULD MAKE THE TRIP IN ABOUT 5 HOURS. 03:41.321 --> 03:45.625 align:left position:85%,start line:83% size:5% JAMES: SO WE'RE GOING TO FLY THROUGH THE ORION NEBULA AND TAKE A CLOSER LOOK AT 03:45.725 --> 03:46.826 align:left position:27.5%,start line:89% size:62.5% THIS STAR FACTORY. 03:46.926 --> 03:49.529 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% DEAN: THE FORCE OF GRAVITY IS BRINGING CLOUDS OF 03:49.629 --> 03:53.566 align:left position:87.5%,start line:83% size:2.5% GASES TOGETHER AND WHEN THEY BEGIN FUSING ELEMENTS, BANG! 03:53.666 --> 03:55.368 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% A STAR IS BORN. 03:55.468 --> 03:58.972 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% JAMES: MODERN TELESCOPES HAVE ALLOWED US TO LOOK DEEP INSIDE THE NEBA 03:59.072 --> 04:01.608 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% AND SEE NEWBORN STARS AND DISCS OF MATERIAL. 04:01.708 --> 04:04.577 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% DEAN: THESE DISCS COULD BE FORMING PLANETS LIKE THOSE 04:04.677 --> 04:06.079 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% IN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM. 04:06.179 --> 04:09.282 align:left position:25%,start line:83% size:65% JAMES: IT COULD TAKE THOUSANDS OR EVEN MILLIONS OF YEARS FOR THESE 04:09.382 --> 04:13.453 align:left position:87.5%,start line:83% size:2.5% PROTOPLANETARY DISCS TO TURN INTO SOLAR SYSTEMS, BUT WE'LL KEEP WATCHING. 04:13.553 --> 04:15.188 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% DEAN: AND YOU SHOULD TOO! 04:15.288 --> 04:19.592 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% LOOK FOR THE ORION NEBULA THIS WEEK AND PEER DEEP INTO SPACE. 04:19.692 --> 04:23.692 align:left position:32.5%,start line:83% size:57.5% IT'S ALL THERE WHEN YOU BOTH: KEEP LOOKING UP!