WEBVTT 00:20.186 --> 00:24.224 align:left position:12.5%,start line:89% size:77.5% DEAN: WELCOME TO STAR GAZERS. 00:24.324 --> 00:27.360 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5% I'M DEAN REGAS, ASTRONOMER FROM THE CINCINNATI OBSERVATORY. 00:27.460 --> 00:31.531 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% JAMES: AND I'M JAMES ALBURY, DIRECTOR OF THE KIKA SILVA PLA PLANETARIUM IN GAINESVILLE 00:31.631 --> 00:32.766 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% FLORIDA. 00:32.866 --> 00:34.801 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% WE'RE HERE TO HELP YOU FIND YOUR WAY AROUND THE SKY. 00:34.901 --> 00:39.005 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% DEAN: ONE OF THE BEST THINGS ABOUT WINTER IS THAT IT ALWAYS BRINGS THE RETURN OF ONE 00:39.105 --> 00:40.907 align:left position:85%,start line:89% size:5% OF THE TRUE WONDERS OF THE UNIVERSE. 00:41.007 --> 00:42.776 align:left position:80%,start line:89% size:10% JAMES: THAT WOULDN'T BE SNOW, WOULD IT? 00:42.876 --> 00:44.210 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% DEAN: NOT QUITE, JAMES! 00:44.310 --> 00:47.447 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% BUT IT'S SOMETHING THAT IS VERY EASY TO SPOT IN THE WINTER SKY. 00:47.547 --> 00:49.349 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% AN OBJECT IN DEEP SPACE! 00:49.449 --> 00:50.550 align:left position:32.5%,start line:89% size:57.5% JAMES: SWEET! 00:50.650 --> 00:52.118 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% LET'S SHOW YOU! 00:52.218 --> 00:56.689 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% DEAN: WE HAVE OUR SKIES SET UP FOR ANY NIGHT THIS WEEK AT ABOUT 7:30PM. 00:56.790 --> 01:01.161 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% IN THE SOUTHEAST YOU'LL SEE WHAT HAS TO BE THE SECOND MOST FAMILIAR PATTERN OF STARS 01:01.261 --> 01:06.299 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% (AFTER THE BIG DIPPER THAT IS), A PATTERN WHICH IS LOADED WITH BRIGHT STARS, KNOWN AS 01:06.399 --> 01:07.700 align:left position:27.5%,start line:89% size:62.5% ORION THE HUNTER. 01:07.801 --> 01:11.738 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5% JAMES: TO FIND HIM LOOK FOR HIS BELT OF THREE STARS IN A ROW. 01:11.838 --> 01:15.675 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% THESE ARE THE STARS, ALNITAK, ALNILAM AND MINTAKA. 01:15.775 --> 01:21.815 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% DEAN: ABOVE THESE 3 BELT STARS YOU'LL SEE 2 BRILLIANT STARS MARKING ORION'S SHOULDERS, 01:21.915 --> 01:24.150 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% BETELGEUSE AND BELLATRIX. 01:24.250 --> 01:29.422 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% AND BELOW HIS BELT, 2 OTHER STARS MARK HIS ANKLE AND HIS KNEE, RIGEL AND SAIPH. 01:29.522 --> 01:33.860 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% JAMES: WE OFTEN TALK ABOUT ORION'S BRIGHT STARS, BUT FOR THIS EPISODE, WE WOULD LIKE 01:33.960 --> 01:37.397 align:left position:67.5%,start line:89% size:22.5% TO ZERO-IN ON ONE OF ORION'S MORE SUBTLE OBJECTS. 01:37.497 --> 01:43.002 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% LOOK BELOW THE BELT STARS FOR 3 MUCH DIMMER STARS, THE STARS WE CALL THE SWORD OF ORION. 01:43.103 --> 01:46.773 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% THERE WE WILL FIND ONE OF THE MOST AWESOME WONDERS OF OUR NEARBY UNIVERSE. 01:46.873 --> 01:52.145 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% DEAN: IF YOU LOOK VERY CAREFULLY AT THESE 3 STARS YOU'LL NOTICE THAT NO MATTER HOW SHARP 01:52.245 --> 01:57.750 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% YOUR EYESIGHT, THE MIDDLE STAR ALWAYS SEEMS TO LOOK FUZZY OR SLIGHTLY OUT OF FOCUS AND 01:57.851 --> 02:02.455 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% THAT'S BECAUSE THIS STAR IS NOT A STAR AT ALL, BUT SOMETHING WE CALL A NEBULA. 02:02.555 --> 02:07.594 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% JAMES: A NEBULA IS A COSMIC CLOUD OF GAS AND DUST AND THE GREAT NEBULA OF ORION IS ACTUALLY 02:07.694 --> 02:10.029 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% A STELLAR RECYCLING CENTER. 02:10.130 --> 02:15.034 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5% WITHIN THIS NEBULA, BRAND NEW STARS HAVE BEEN, AND ARE STILL BEING BORN FROM THE SURROUNDING 02:15.135 --> 02:16.803 align:left position:42.5%,start line:89% size:47.5% CLOUD. 02:16.903 --> 02:19.639 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% DEAN: IN FACT, YOU CAN SEE THIS NEBULA USING EVEN THE CHEAPEST PAIR OF BINOCULARS. 02:19.739 --> 02:25.879 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% THIS CLOUD IS ILLUMINATED BY 4 RECENTLY-BORN STARS ARRANGED IN THE SHAPE OF A BASEBALL 02:25.979 --> 02:31.451 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% DIAMOND CALLED THE TRAPEZIUM, AND THESE 4 STARS CAN ACTUALLY BE SEEN WITH A SMALL TELESCOPE. 02:31.551 --> 02:37.323 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% NOW, ALTHOUGH THE ORION NEBULA LOOKS TINY, IN REALITY, ITS SIZE IS MIND-BOGGLING. 02:37.423 --> 02:43.129 align:left position:67.5%,start line:83% size:22.5% DEAN: BELIEVE IT OR NOT, THERE IS ENOUGH MATERIAL IN THIS NEBULA TO PRODUCE OVER 10 THOUSAND 02:43.229 --> 02:45.331 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% STARS THE SIZE OF OUR SUN! 02:45.431 --> 02:49.969 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5% BUT IF YOU REALLY WANT TO BE IMPRESSED, CHECK OUT THE WIDTH OF THE ORION NEBULA. 02:50.069 --> 02:55.241 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5% AS NEBULAE GO, THIS ONE IS GIGANTIC; SPANNING OVER 30 LIGHT YEARS IN DIAMETER. 02:55.341 --> 02:58.811 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% JAMES: JUST TO GIVE YOU A REFRESHER, A LIGHT YEAR IS NOT A MEASURE OF TIME, BUT A MEASURE 02:58.912 --> 03:00.747 align:left position:35%,start line:89% size:55% OF DISTANCE. 03:00.847 --> 03:05.385 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5% SPACE IS SO BIG AND THE STARS ARE SO FAR AWAY, THAT WE ASTRONOMERS DON'T MEASURE THE DISTANCES 03:05.485 --> 03:09.556 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% BETWEEN THE STARS IN TERRESTRIAL UNITS LIKE MILES OR KILOMETERS. 03:09.656 --> 03:11.424 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% WE USE THE TERM LIGHT YEAR. 03:11.524 --> 03:18.565 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% DEAN: LIGHT TRAVELS AT A WHOPPING 186,000 MILES PER SECOND, WHICH IS ALMOST 670 MILLION 03:18.665 --> 03:20.400 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% MILES PER HOUR! 03:20.500 --> 03:24.671 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% THIS MEANS THAT IF YOU WERE TO TRAVEL AT THE SPEED OF LIGHT FROM THE EARTH TO THE MOON, 03:24.771 --> 03:27.440 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5% YOU COULD MAKE THE TRIP IN A LITTLE LESS THAN TWO SECONDS. 03:27.540 --> 03:31.844 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% IF YOU TRAVELED FROM THE EARTH TO THE SUN AT THAT SAME SPEED, YOU COULD MAKE THE TRIP 03:31.945 --> 03:33.713 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% IN A LITTLE OVER 8 MINUTES. 03:33.813 --> 03:38.418 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5% AND IF YOU WERE TO TRAVEL FROM EARTH TO PLUTO AT THE SPEED OF LIGHT, YOU COULD MAKE THE 03:38.518 --> 03:40.954 align:left position:12.5%,start line:89% size:77.5% TRIP IN A LITTLE OVER 5 HOURS. 03:41.054 --> 03:45.525 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% DEAN: SO WE'RE GOING TO FLY YOU THROUGH THE ORION NEBULA AND TAKE A CLOSER LOOK AT THIS 03:45.625 --> 03:47.427 align:left position:32.5%,start line:89% size:57.5% STAR FACTORY. 03:47.527 --> 03:51.698 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5% JAMES: THE FORCE OF GRAVITY IS BRINGING CLOUDS OF GASES TOGETHER AND WHEN THEY BEGIN FUSING 03:51.798 --> 03:52.799 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% ELEMENTS, BANG! 03:52.899 --> 03:54.634 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% A STAR IS BORN. 03:54.734 --> 03:59.072 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% DEAN: MODERN TELESCOPES HAVE ALLOWED US TO LOOK DEEP INSIDE THE NEBULA AND SEE NEWBORN 03:59.172 --> 04:00.940 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% STARS AND DISCS OF MATERIAL. 04:01.040 --> 04:05.144 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% JAMES: THESE DISCS COULD BE FORMING PLANETS LIKE THOSE IN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM. 04:05.245 --> 04:10.016 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% IT COULD TAKE THOUSANDS OR EVEN MILLIONS OF YEARS FOR THESE PROTOPLANETARY DISCS TO TURN 04:10.116 --> 04:12.652 align:left position:75%,start line:89% size:15% INTO SOLAR SYSTEMS, BUT WE'LL KEEP WATCHING. 04:12.752 --> 04:14.287 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% DEAN: AND YOU SHOULD TOO! 04:14.387 --> 04:17.957 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% LOOK FOR THE ORION NEBULA THIS WEEK AND PEER DEEP INTO SPACE. 04:18.057 --> 04:19.492 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% IT'S ALL THERE WHEN YOU 04:19.592 --> 04:23.592 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% BOTH: KEEP LOOKING UP!