WEBVTT

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JAMES:
WELCOME TO STAR GAZERS.

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I'M JAMES ALBURY, DIRECTOR OF THE KIKA SILVA
PLA PLANETARIUM IN GAINESVILLE FLORIDA.

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DEAN:
AND I'M DEAN REGAS, ASTRONOMER FROM

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THE CINCINNATI
OBSERVATORY.

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WE'RE HERE TO HELP YOU FIND YOUR WAY AROUND
THE SKY TONIGHT.

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JAMES:
HEY DEAN, WE HAVE SOMETHING SPECIAL TO TALK

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ABOUT THIS WEEK.

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DEAN:
AND WHAT WOULD

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THAT BE?

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ANOTHER PLANETARY CLOSE ENCOUNTER?

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OR PERHAPS A
SUPER-RARE ECLIPSE?

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JAMES:
WELL, NONE OF THOSE ACTUALLY.

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A YOUNG VIEWER OF OUR SHOW VISITED MY PLANETARIUM
A WHILE BACK AND HIS

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NAME IS HENRY.

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HE ASKED ME THIS QUESTION:
WHERE DID ALL THESE CONSTELLATIONS COME FROM?

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I THOUGHT THAT WOULD BE A GREAT THEME FOR
THIS WEEKS EPISODE!

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DEAN:
YOU'RE ABSOLUTELY RIGHT!

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WELL, HENRY

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WE'RE GOING TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTION RIGHT
HERE ON STAR GAZERS.

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WHERE DID ALL THE SKY PICTURES COME FROM,
AND WHO CAME UP

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WITH THEM?

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JAMES:
LETS SHOW YOU!

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JAMES:
FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS, OUR ANCESTORS HAVE

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LOOKED UP AT THE NIGHT SKY AND WONDERED WHAT
IT ALL WAS.

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EVEN AS RECENTLY AS 100 YEARS AGO, BEFORE
THE PROLIFERATION OF STREET LIGHTS,

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IF YOU WENT OUTSIDE ON A CLEAR, MOONLESS NIGHT,
YOU COULD SEE THOUSANDS OF STARS, RIGHT FROM

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YOUR BACKYARD.

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DEAN:
WITHOUT A SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION OF WHAT THE

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STARS WERE, MANY ANCIENT CULTURES THOUGHT
THE STARS WERE DIVINE.

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EACH STAR WAS CONSIDERED A GOD, FIXED IN POSITION,
RELATIVE TO THE OTHERS; APPEARING TO RISE

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IN THE EAST AND SET IN THE WEST,
NIGHT AFTER NIGHT.

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JAMES:
IMAGINE HOW MAGICAL, MYSTERIOUS AND AWESOME

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THE HEAVENS MUST HAVE SEEMED TO OUR ANCESTORS.

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AS A PERSON WENT FROM YOUTH TO OLD AGE, THEY
WOULD SEE THE SAME STARS IN THE SAME LOCATIONS

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YEAR AFTER YEAR; THE SAME AT AGE
5 AS AT AGE 50.

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AND THE SKY SEEMED SO HIGH ABOVE THEM,
THAT THE STARS WERE UNREACHABLE, AS IF THEY

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WERE ATTACHED TO THE INSIDE OF
A LARGE, CRYSTALLINE SPHERE, WITH US AT

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THE CENTER.

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DEAN:
AND THIS CRYSTALLINE SPHERE WOULD APPEAR TO

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ROTATE AROUND THE EARTH, AGAIN

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WITH US AT THE CENTER, MAKING THE STARS APPEAR
TO RISE IN

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THE EAST AND SET
IN THE WEST.

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THIS REPETITIVE MOTION OF THE STARS WAS VERY
PREDICTABLE, SO MANY ANCIENT PEOPLE USED THE

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NIGHT SKY AS A PRIMITIVE CLOCK.

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JAMES:
THATS RIGHT.

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BECAUSE, NOT ONLY WAS THE DAILY MOTION OF
THE STARS REPETITIVE, BUT OVER THE COURSE

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OF A YEAR, THE STARS YOU COULD SEE WOULD GRADUALLY
CHANGE,

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BUT 365 DAYS LATER,
THE SAME STARS YOU SAW A YEAR AGO WOULD APPEAR

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IN THE
SAME PLACE;

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SO IF YOU LOOK UP AT THE STARS AFTER
SUN-SET ON YOUR BIRTHDAY, YOU'LL SEE THE SAME

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STARS IN THE SAME PLACE, EVERY BIRTHDAY, FOR
AS

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LONG AS YOU LIVE.

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DEAN:
THE HUMAN BRAIN LIKES TO MAKE ORDER

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OUT OF CHAOS.

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ALTHOUGH THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE STARS IN
THE NIGHT SKY IS RANDOM,

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YOUR BRAIN IMMEDIATELY WANTS TO MAKE PATTERNS
OUT OF THE BRIGHTEST STARS.

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JAMES:
SO, AS OUR ANCESTORS SPENT THEIR EVENINGS

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GAZING AT THE STARS, THEY WOULD PLAY A CELESTIAL
GAME OF CONNECT THE DOTS, MAKING PATTERNS

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( BOTH BIG AND SMALL) THAT REPRESENTED
OBJECTS, ANIMALS

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OR PEOPLE.

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WE CALL THESE PATTERNS,
CONSTELLATIONS.

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DEAN:
THERE ARE CURRENTLY 88 OFFICIAL CONSTELLATIONS

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IN MODERN ASTRONOMY.

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THE CONSTELLATIONS YOU CAN SEE DEPEND
ON WHERE ON EARTH

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YOU LIVE.

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FOR EXAMPLE, PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN AUSTRALIA
CAN SEE SOME OF THE SAME STARS THAT

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WE CAN SEE FROM NORTH AMERICA,
BUT NOT ALL OF THEM.

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AND VICE VERSA.

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JAMES:
AUSTRALIANS CAN SEE THE SOUTHERN CROSS, BUT

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ONLY A FEW
OF US IN NORTH

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AMERICA CAN.

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NORTH AMERICANS
CAN SEE

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URSA MAJOR
(THE GREAT BEAR),

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BUT NEW ZEALANDERS CANNOT.

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THE ONLY PLACE ON EARTH WHERE YOU CAN ACTUALLY
SEE ALL

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88 CONSTELLATIONS
IS AT THE EQUATOR.

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DEAN:
SO AS PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD PLAYED CONNECT

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THE DOTS WITH THE STARS,
THEY WOULD CREATE FANCIFUL STORIES ABOUT EACH

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OF THE CONSTELLATIONS
THEY CREATED.

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MANY OF THESE STORIES WERE USED TO PASS DOWN
CULTURAL VALUES OF MORALITY, OR TELL STORIES

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ABOUT LOVE, COURAGE OR HONOR.

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JAMES:
THESE CONSTELLATION STORIES WERE HANDED DOWN

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FROM GENERATION
TO GENERATION.

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SO CONSTELLATIONS CAME FROM STARGAZERS LIKE
YOU.

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DEAN:
GREAT QUESTION HENRY!

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IF YOU HAVE A QUESTION OR TOPIC IDEA FOR THE
SHOW, FEEL FREE TO WRITE TO US AT OUR WEBSITE:

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STARGAZERS ON LINE.ORG.

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JAMES:
IN THE MEANTIME, YOU CAN ALWAYS CREATE YOUR

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OWN CONSTELLATIONS OUT OF THE STARS YOU CAN
SEE

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EVERY NIGHT AS YOU...

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ALL:
KEEP LOOKING UP!