WEBVTT 00:21.187 --> 00:22.856 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% Go South, My Friends! 00:22.956 --> 00:25.091 align:left position:87.5% line:89% size:2.5% GREETINGS, GREETINGS, STAR GAZERS. 00:25.191 --> 00:26.926 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% I M TRACE DOMINGUEZ. 00:27.027 --> 00:31.765 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% ASTRONOMERS VISUALIZE THE STARS IN THE SKY AS BEING GLUED TO THE INSIDE OF A FICTIONAL 00:31.865 --> 00:35.435 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% SPHERE THAT SURROUNDS THE EARTH KNOWN AS THE CELESTIAL SPHERE. 00:35.535 --> 00:41.207 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% WHEN WE LOOK UP AT THE SKY THE HORIZON BLOCKS OUR VIEW OF THE CELESTIAL SPHERE, BUT, OF 00:41.307 --> 00:42.809 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% COURSE, THE EARTH ROTATES! 00:42.909 --> 00:49.682 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% THIS MEANS, SOME STARS APPEAR TO RISE AND SET AT THE LINE OF THE HORIZON. 00:49.783 --> 00:53.720 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% AT ANY GIVEN LOCATION ON THE EARTH, THERE ARE STARS ON THE CELESTIAL SPHERE THAT WILL 00:53.820 --> 00:55.922 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% NEVER MOVE ABOVE THE HORIZON! 00:56.022 --> 00:59.092 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% WHICH IS WHY THE SKY LOOKS DIFFERENT FROM DIFFERENT PLACES ON THE PLANET. 00:59.192 --> 01:03.563 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% FOR EXAMPLE: HERE IS WHAT THE WINTER SKY LOOKS LIKE IN NORTH AMERICA FROM MY HOMETOWN IN 01:03.663 --> 01:05.432 align:left position:37.5% line:89% size:52.5% MICHIGAN. 01:05.532 --> 01:10.270 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% WE CAN SEE FAMILIAR CONSTELLATIONS - THE BIG DIPPER, THE LITTLE DIPPER, ORION, THE NORTH 01:10.370 --> 01:11.838 align:left position:72.5% line:89% size:17.5% STAR, POLARIS -- ALIGNED WITH THE NORTH POLE 01:11.938 --> 01:14.340 align:left position:85% line:89% size:5% BUT LET S SAY WE GO ON A TRIP SOUTH. 01:14.441 --> 01:19.679 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% AS WE MOVE, THE HORIZON SHIFTS REVEALING MORE STARS, AND HIDING OTHERS. 01:19.779 --> 01:24.117 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% AS WE PASS THE EQUATOR; POLARIS WILL NEVER RISE OR SET 01:24.217 --> 01:25.919 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% NO MORE NORTH STAR! 01:26.019 --> 01:31.524 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% AS WE CONTINUE SOUTH THE CELESTIAL SPHERE CHANGES EVEN MORE AND AT 20 OR 30 DEGREES 01:31.624 --> 01:37.797 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% SOUTH LATITUDE WE BEGIN TO SEE TWO LARGE FUZZY OBJECTS POPPING UP ABOVE THE HORIZON. 01:37.897 --> 01:43.269 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% THESE TWO FUZZY OBJECTS ARE OTHER GALAXIES IN ORBIT AROUND OUR OWN MILKY WAY. 01:43.369 --> 01:46.606 align:left position:70% line:83% size:20% THEY RE KNOWN AS THE LARGE AND SMALL MAGELLANIC CLOUDS. 01:46.706 --> 01:51.744 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% THEY ARE ONLY VISIBLE FROM SOUTHERN LATITUDES ON EARTH AND WERE DISCOVERED BY FERDINAND 01:51.845 --> 01:55.081 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% MAGELLAN DURING HIS CIRCUMNAVIGATION OF THE WORLD. 01:55.181 --> 01:59.552 align:left position:67.5% line:83% size:22.5% THERE ARE A NUMBER OF OTHER NOTABLE CONSTELLATIONS AND ASTERISMS THAT ARE ONLY VISIBLE FROM THE 01:59.652 --> 02:01.287 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 02:01.387 --> 02:05.892 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% FOR EXAMPLE, THERE S NO BRIGHT STAR AT THE POLE, INSTEAD THERE IS SIGMA OCTANTIS. 02:05.992 --> 02:11.231 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% IT'S ABOUT 25 TIMES FAINTER AND NOT AS EASY TO FIND IN THE SKY AS POLARIS, BUT IT S 02:11.331 --> 02:16.069 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% THERE, THOUGH IT S MUCH EASIER TO LOOK FOR THE CONSTELLATION OF CRUX, ALSO KNOWN AS THE 02:16.169 --> 02:17.971 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% SOUTHERN CROSS. 02:18.071 --> 02:22.509 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% YOU CAN SEE IT FROM HAWAII, FLORIDA, OR TEXAS IN THE US IF YOU KNOW WHERE TO LOOK -- HINT: 02:22.609 --> 02:24.344 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55% LOOK SOUTH. 02:24.444 --> 02:29.182 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% RIGHT NEXT TO CRUX, IS THE WELL KNOWN COAL SACK NEBULA, WHICH IS AN AREA OF VERY DENSE 02:29.282 --> 02:33.586 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% INTERSTELLAR DUST OBSCURING OUR VIEW OF STARS BEHIND IT. 02:33.686 --> 02:38.124 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% THE SOUTHERN SKY HAS MORE THAN ITS SHARE OF CELESTIAL ATTRACTIONS, BUT REMEMBER, THE SEASONS 02:38.224 --> 02:43.163 align:left position:72.5% line:83% size:17.5% ARE REVERSED, SO THE SUMMER TRIANGLE AND ORION ARE NOT ONLY UPSIDE DOWN, BUT THE FORMER APPEARS 02:43.263 --> 02:45.865 align:left position:75% line:83% size:15% IN THE WINTER AND THE LATTER APPEARS IN THE SUMMER! 02:45.965 --> 02:50.236 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% THE THING THAT BLEW MY MIND IS TO US, THE MOON IS UPSIDE DOWN IN THE SOUTHERN SKY. 02:50.336 --> 02:53.840 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% THE FAMILIAR FACE IN THE MOON BECOMES THE MOUSE IN THE MOON. 02:53.940 --> 02:59.345 align:left position:77.5% line:83% size:12.5% IF YOU GET A CHANCE, LOOKING AT THE SKY IN ANOTHER PART OF THE WORLD IS A WHOLE NEW ADVENTURE, 02:59.445 --> 03:00.380 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% SO AS ALWAYS 03:00.480 --> 03:04.480 align:left position:82.5% line:89% size:7.5% EVEN WHEN TRAVELING, KEEP LOOKING UP!