WEBVTT

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Lunar Leapfrog with Jupiter and Saturn!

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JAMES: WELCOME TO STAR GAZERS.

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I'M JAMES ALBURY, DIRECTOR OF THE KIKA SILVA
PLA PLANETARIUM IN GAINESVILLE FLORIDA.

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DEAN: AND I'M DEAN REGAS, ASTRONOMER FROM
THE CINCINNATI OBSERVATORY.

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WE RE HERE TO HELP YOU FIND YOUR WAY AROUND
THE SKY!

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JAMES: IF YOUR FAVORITE PLANETS ARE JUPITER
AND SATURN, HAVE WE GOT A SHOW FOR YOU!

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DEAN: THAT'S RIGHT, JAMES!

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JUPITER AND SATURN WILL PLAY LEAPFROG WITH
THE MOON NEXT WEEK.

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JAMES: AND WE RE GOING TO SHOW IT TO YOU
HERE FIRST.

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LET S GO!

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JAMES: OK, WE HAVE OUR SKIES SET FOR AN HOUR
BEFORE SUNRISE, SUNDAY MORNING, APRIL 21ST.

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IF YOU LOOK TOWARD THE SOUTH, YOU'LL SEE THREE
BRIGHT OBJECTS IN THE SKY.

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THE BRIGHTEST OF COURSE IS THE MOON.

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DEAN: ON APRIL 21ST, THE MOON WILL BE IN THE
WANING GIBBOUS PHASE IN THE CONSTELLATION

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SCORPIUS THE SCORPION.

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JAMES: THE NEXT BRIGHTEST OBJECT IN THE SKY
IS JUPITER.

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IT WILL BE TO THE LEFT OF THE MOON, AND IT
WILL SHINE WITH A BRIGHT, STEADY WHITE LIGHT.

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DEAN: JUPITER IS THE LARGEST PLANET IN OUR
SOLAR SYSTEM, AND MAKES UP OVER 75% OF THE

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SOLAR SYSTEM S PLANETARY MASS.

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JAMES: JUPITER HAS BEEN OBSERVED IN THE SKY
SINCE ANTIQUITY.

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THE ANCIENT ROMANS NAMED IT AFTER THE KING
OF THEIR GODS, WHOM THE GREEKS REFERED TO

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AS ZEUS.

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DEAN: BABYLONIAN ASTRONOMERS HAVE RECORDS
OF JUPITER DATING BACK TO THE 7TH CENTURY

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B.C. IN HIS BOOK THE ALMAGEST, GREEK ASTRONOMER
CLAUDIUS PTOLEMY USED JUPITER'S MOTION WITH

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RESPECT TO THE EARTH TO REFINE HIS EARTH-CENTERED
MODEL OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM.

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JAMES: BY DOING THIS, PTOLEMY SHOWED THAT
JUPITER TOOK ALMOST 12 YEARS TO MAKE A COMPLETE

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CIRCUIT OF THE SKY, WHICH WE NOW KNOW AS THE
AMOUNT OF TIME IT TAKES JUPITER TO ORBIT THE

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SUN.

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DEAN: IN 1610, ITALIAN ASTRONOMER GALILEO
GALILEI STUDIED JUPITER USING A TELESCOPE

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AND IS CREDITED WITH DISCOVERING THE FOUR
LARGEST MOONS OF JUPITER; IO, EUROPA, GANYMEDE

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AND CALLISTO.

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THE MOTIONS OF THESE MOONS AROUND JUPITER
PROVIDED GALILEO WITH AN EXAMPLE SUPPORTING

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NICHOLAS COPERNICUS' VIEW OF A SUN-CENTERED
SOLAR SYSTEM

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DEAN: THE THIRD BRIGHT OBJECT IN THE SOUTHERN
SKY WILL BE SATURN.

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SATURN WAS NAMED AFTER JUPITER S FATHER;
THE ROMAN GOD OF AGRICULTURE.

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BEING THE SECOND LARGEST PLANET IN OUR SOLAR
SYSTEM, SATURN IS SO LARGE, YOU COULD PUT

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750 EARTHS INSIDE IT, IF IT WERE HOLLOW.

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JAMES: SATURN IS AN AMAZING PLANET.

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ASIDE FROM IT S BEAUTIFUL RINGS, ASTRONOMERS
DISCOVERED SOMETHING ELSE INTERESTING THING

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ABOUT IT.

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WHEN THE CASSINI SPACE PROBE VISITED SATURN
IN 2006, IT CONFIRMED A DISCOVERY THAT VOYAGER

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1 MADE BACK IN 1981 - A LARGE HEXAGON AT SATURN S
NORTH POLE.

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DEAN: LIKE SATURN ITSELF, THIS HEXAGON IS
ENORMOUS.

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EACH SIDE OF SATURN S HEXAGON IS 9,000 MILES
IN LENGTH AND THE CLOUDS ARE ESTIMATED TO

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BE OVER 190 MILES HIGH.

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JAMES: MANY ASTRONOMERS BELIEVE THAT THIS
BIZARRE FEATURE IS THE RESULT OF AN ATMOSPHERIC

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WAVE PATTERN CAUSED BY DIFFERENCES IN THE
DENSITIES AND SPEEDS OF THE ATMOSPHERE NEAR

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SATURN S NORTH POLE.

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DEAN: THE CASSINI MISSION DETERMINED THE ROTATION
RATE FOR THE HEXAGON TO BE A LITTLE OVER 10

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HOURS AND 40 MINUTES.

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THIS IS THE SAME PERIOD OF ROTATION OF SATURN S
INTERNAL RADIO EMISSIONS.

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JAMES: NOW THAT YOU KNOW A LITTLE MORE ABOUT
JUPITER AND SATURN, LET S CHECK OUT THAT

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CELESTIAL GAME OF LUNAR LEAPFROG.

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(STOP - SET TIME TO 5:30 AM, MONDAY, APRIL
22ND, 2019 TO START)

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JAMES: OK, WE HAVE OUR SKIES SET UP FOR AN
HOUR BEFORE SUNRISE ON MONDAY MORNING, APRIL

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22ND.

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THE WANING GIBBOUS MOON IS JUST TO THE RIGHT
OF JUPITER AND DIRECTLY NORTH OF ANTARES;

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THE HEART OF SCORPIUS THE SCORPION.

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DEAN: THE FUN BEGINS THE FOLLOWING MORNING,
ON APRIL 23RD.

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MAN!

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CHECK OUT HOW CLOSE THE MOON IS TO JUPITER
NOW!

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JAMES: ON APRIL 23RD, THE MOON WILL BE A LITTLE
OVER ONE DEGREE (OR TWO FULL MOON WIDTHS)

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AWAY FROM JUPITER.

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LET S CHECK OUT IT OUT ON THE 24TH.

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DEAN: NOW THE MOON IS ALMOST EXACTLY HALFWAY
BETWEEN JUPITER AND SATURN; AND RIGHT ABOVE

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THE STAR KAUS BOREALIS IN THE TEAPOT OF SAGITTARIUS.

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LET S ADVANCE TIME ONE MORE DAY TO THE 25TH.

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JAMES: BOOM!

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OUR SECOND CONJUNCTION OF THE WEEK!

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JUST BEFORE SUNRISE, SATURN AND THE MOON WILL
BE JUST OVER 2 DEGREES (OR FOUR FULL MOON

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WIDTHS) APART.

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DEFINITELY WORTH WAKING UP EARLY FOR.

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DEAN: SO, TO RECAP

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LET S CHECK OUT THAT LUNAR LEAPFROG AGAIN.

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HERE S THE SKY ON THE 21ST , 22ND ,
23RD , 24TH

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AND 25TH!

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WOW!

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DEAN: SO, GET OUTSIDE AND GAZE UPON OUR NEAREST
NEIGHBOR IN SPACE PLAYING LEAP FROG WITH KING

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OF THE ROMAN GODS AND HIS FATHER, THE ROMAN
GOD OF AGRICULTURE.

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JAMES: IT'S EASY TO DO WHEN YOU

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BOTH: KEEP LOOKING UP!