WEBVTT 00:20.020 --> 00:21.788 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% ASTRONOMICAL DISTANCES 00:21.888 --> 00:23.823 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% DEAN: HEY THERE STAR GAZERS. 00:23.923 --> 00:26.693 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5% I'M DEAN REGAS, ASTRONOMER FOR THE CINCINNATI OBSERVATORY. 00:26.793 --> 00:28.962 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% JAMES: AND I'M JAMES ALBURY, DIRECTOR OF THE KIKA 00:29.062 --> 00:31.297 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% SILVA PLA PLANETARIUM IN GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA. 00:31.398 --> 00:34.567 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% WE RE HERE TO HELP YOU FIND YOUR WAY AROUND THE SKY TONIGHT. 00:34.667 --> 00:36.770 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% HEY DEAN, HUMOR ME. 00:36.870 --> 00:39.706 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% IF YOU WANT TO DESCRIBE YOUR HEIGHT, WHAT UNITS OF MEASURE WOULD 00:39.806 --> 00:40.707 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% YOU USE? 00:40.807 --> 00:41.908 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% DEAN: I'D USE FEET AND INCHES. 00:42.008 --> 00:43.610 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% JAMES: AND IF WE WANT TO MEASURE THE DISTANCE TO 00:43.710 --> 00:44.844 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% THE MOON WHAT DO WE USE? 00:44.944 --> 00:47.547 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% DEAN: I COULD USE FEET AND INCHES, BUT USING MILES 00:47.647 --> 00:48.548 align:left position:27.5%,start line:89% size:62.5% MAKES MORE SENSE. 00:48.648 --> 00:50.283 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% JAMES: HOW ABOUT THE DISTANCE TO STARS? 00:50.383 --> 00:53.520 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% DEAN: AH, WE USE LIGHT YEARS. 00:53.620 --> 00:55.055 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% DISTANCES IN SPACE ARE SO 00:55.155 --> 00:56.423 align:left position:42.5%,start line:89% size:47.5% WELL 00:56.523 --> 00:58.958 align:left position:80%,start line:83% size:10% ASTRONOMICAL THAT IT S HARD TO WRAP OUR BRAINS AROUND THEM. 00:59.059 --> 01:03.530 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% SO WE CREATED NEW UNITS OF MEASUREMENT TO TAKE US AROUND THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND THROUGH 01:03.630 --> 01:04.764 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% INTERSTELLAR SPACE. 01:04.864 --> 01:07.567 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% JAMES: SO, LET'S TAKE YOU TO THE MOON,JUPITER , AND 01:07.667 --> 01:08.802 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% BEYOND! 01:08.902 --> 01:11.071 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% JAMES: OKAY, WE HAVE OUR SKY SET UP FOR THE EVENING 01:11.171 --> 01:15.341 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% OF MAY 26TH, ABOUT 10:30PM AND WE RE FACING SOUTHEAST. 01:15.442 --> 01:17.911 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% DEAN: EVERY NIGHT THIS WEEK YOU WILL SEE THE WAXING 01:18.011 --> 01:22.949 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% MOON IN THE NIGHT SKY BUT ON THIS NIGHT, THE MOON WILL BE A WAXING GIBBOUS AND APPEAR AT 01:23.049 --> 01:25.585 align:left position:85%,start line:89% size:5% THE FEET OF THE CONSTELLATION VIRGO. 01:25.685 --> 01:28.321 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% LET'S ZOOM IN ON THE MOON AND GET OUT OUR TAPE-MEASURE. 01:28.421 --> 01:32.459 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% DEAN: ON AVERAGE, THE MOON IS ABOUT 239,000 MILES 01:32.559 --> 01:34.461 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% FROM THE EARTH. 01:34.561 --> 01:39.032 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% WE CAN FIND OUT THE PRECISE DISTANCE TO THE MOON ANY TIME BY BOUNCING LASERS OFF THE REFLECTORS 01:39.132 --> 01:40.633 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% SET UP BY THE APOLLO ASTRONAUTS. 01:40.733 --> 01:43.803 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% JAMES: NEIL ARMSTRONG, BUZZ ALDRIN AND COMPANY TOOK 01:43.903 --> 01:49.776 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% THREE DAYS TO FLY THE 239,000 MILES TO THE MOON - AND THREE DAYS TO FLY BACK. 01:49.876 --> 01:51.077 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% JAMES: OUR NEXT STOP 01:51.177 --> 01:52.545 align:left position:35%,start line:89% size:55% IS JUPITER. 01:52.645 --> 01:56.149 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% THE LARGEST PLANET IS EASY TO FIND IN THE NIGHT SKY ALL THIS WEEK. 01:56.249 --> 01:58.952 align:left position:80%,start line:83% size:10% LOOK SOUTHEAST AFTER DARK AND YOU CAN T MISS IT. 01:59.052 --> 02:01.087 align:left position:12.5%,start line:89% size:77.5% JUPITER IS SOUP-IT-TER BRIGHT! 02:01.187 --> 02:02.122 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% DEAN: SOUP-IT-TER? 02:02.222 --> 02:03.656 align:left position:37.5%,start line:89% size:52.5% I LIKE IT! 02:03.756 --> 02:07.026 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% ANYWAY, JUPITER IS BRIGHTER THAN ANY OTHER STAR IN THE NIGHTTIME SKY. 02:07.127 --> 02:10.330 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5% ONLY THE PLANET VENUS (AND ON RARE OCCASIONS, MARS) 02:10.430 --> 02:11.531 align:left position:22.5%,start line:89% size:67.5% CAN BE MORE DAZZLING. 02:11.631 --> 02:13.833 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% JAMES: THIS IS A GOOD WEEK TO AIM A TELESCOPE AT 02:13.933 --> 02:18.438 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5% JUPITER WHERE YOU CAN SEE SEVERAL MOONS AROUND IT, SOME STRIPES ON IT, AND MAYBE THE GREAT 02:18.538 --> 02:20.940 align:left position:37.5%,start line:83% size:52.5% RED SPOT: THE GIANT HURRICANE ON THE PLANET. 02:21.040 --> 02:24.611 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% JAMES: THIS WEEK JUPITER IS ABOUT 410 MILLION MILES 02:24.711 --> 02:26.246 align:left position:42.5%,start line:89% size:47.5% AWAY. 02:26.346 --> 02:29.015 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% NOW, THAT NUMBER IS HARD TO PICTURE, SO WHEN WE'RE TALKING ABOUT DISTANCES IN 02:29.115 --> 02:32.418 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% THE SOLAR SYSTEM ASTRONOMERS USE A DIFFERENT UNIT OF MEASURE - 02:32.519 --> 02:34.621 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% THE ASTRONOMICAL UNIT OR A.U... 02:34.721 --> 02:38.825 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% ONE A.U. IS THE AVERAGE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE SUN AND EARTH, 02:38.925 --> 02:40.326 align:left position:32.5%,start line:83% size:57.5% SO WE'RE ABOUT 1 A.U. 02:40.426 --> 02:41.327 align:left position:32.5%,start line:89% size:57.5% FROM THE SUN. 02:41.427 --> 02:43.596 align:left position:87.5%,start line:89% size:2.5% IN MILES, THAT'S 93,000,000 MILES. 02:43.696 --> 02:47.300 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% DEAN: SO SINCE JUPITER IS 410 MILLION MILES AWAY 02:47.400 --> 02:51.104 align:left position:85%,start line:89% size:5% IT IS ALSO ABOUT 4.4 A.U.S FROM US. 02:51.204 --> 02:53.706 align:left position:15%,start line:83% size:75% A.U.'S WORK GREAT WITHIN THE SOLAR SYSTEM. 02:53.806 --> 02:58.878 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% FOR EXAMPLE, WE COULD SAY SATURN IS ABOUT 10 A.U.'S FROM THE SUN, NEPTUNE IS ABOUT 30 02:58.978 --> 03:03.049 align:left position:85%,start line:83% size:5% A.U.'S FROM THE SUN AND VOYAGER 1 -- OUR FARTHEST FLUNG SPACECRAFT -- 03:03.149 --> 03:06.686 align:left position:82.5%,start line:89% size:7.5% IS A WHOPPING 140 A.U.'S FROM THE SUN! 03:06.786 --> 03:10.156 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% JAMES: YOU MAY NOTICE A LITTLE STAR NEXT TO JUPITER. 03:10.256 --> 03:13.092 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% THAT IS ONE OF MY FAVORITE STARS TO SAY OUT LOUD AND FAST. 03:13.193 --> 03:17.363 align:left position:82.5%,start line:83% size:7.5% IT S CALLED ZUBENELGENUBI AND IT S THE SECOND BRIGHTEST STAR IN THE CONSTELLATION 03:17.463 --> 03:18.565 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% LIBRA THE SCALES. 03:18.665 --> 03:22.502 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% DEAN: ZUBENELGENUBI IS ABOUT 447 TRILLION MILES 03:22.602 --> 03:25.872 align:left position:22.5%,start line:83% size:67.5% FROM EARTH, OR ALMOST 5 MILLION A.U.'S. 03:25.972 --> 03:30.343 align:left position:72.5%,start line:83% size:17.5% WE COULD MEASURE THE DISTANCE TO ZUBENELGENUBI IN MILLIMETERS IF WE WANTED TO, BUT THOSE 03:30.443 --> 03:32.178 align:left position:17.5%,start line:89% size:72.5% NUMBERS LOSE ALL MEANING. 03:32.278 --> 03:34.514 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% JAMES: ASTRONOMERS USE LIGHT YEARS AS THEIR UNIT 03:34.614 --> 03:37.584 align:left position:70%,start line:89% size:20% OF CHOICE FOR MEASURING INTERSTELLAR DISTANCES. 03:37.684 --> 03:43.856 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% A LIGHT YEAR IS THE DISTANCE LIGHT TRAVELS IN A YEAR -- ROUGHLY 5.8 TRILLION MILES. 03:43.957 --> 03:46.993 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% SO A LIGHT YEAR IS A DISTANCE LIKE A MILE OR AN A.U.. 03:47.093 --> 03:51.064 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% DEAN: AND ZUBENELGENUBI IS A WHOPPING 77 LIGHT YEARS 03:51.164 --> 03:52.532 align:left position:35%,start line:89% size:55% FROM EARTH. 03:52.632 --> 03:55.401 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% IT'S BY NO MEANS THE FARTHEST STAR YOU CAN SEE WITH THE NAKED EYE. 03:55.501 --> 04:00.373 align:left position:77.5%,start line:83% size:12.5% THAT HONOR MOST LIKELY GOES TO DENEB - THE TAIL STAR OF CYGNUS THE SWAN - WHO YOU'LL 04:00.473 --> 04:02.175 align:left position:85%,start line:89% size:5% BE LEARNING MORE ABOUT THIS SUMMER. 04:02.275 --> 04:05.245 align:left position:85%,start line:89% size:5% DENEB IS OVER 3000 LIGHT YEARS AWAY. 04:05.345 --> 04:10.283 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% THAT MEANS THE LIGHT YOU SEE FROM DENEB LEFT IT AROUND 1000 BC AND IS ONLY NOW GETTING 04:10.383 --> 04:11.517 align:left position:32.5%,start line:89% size:57.5% TO YOUR EYES. 04:11.618 --> 04:14.487 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% DEAN: SO THIS WEEK GET OUTSIDE TO SEE THE MOON AT 04:14.587 --> 04:16.589 align:left position:25%,start line:89% size:65% 239,000 MILES AWAY. 04:16.689 --> 04:19.359 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% JAMES: JUPITER FROM 4.4 A.U.'S AWAY. 04:19.459 --> 04:23.596 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% DEAN: AND ZUBENELGENUBI AT 77 LIGHT YEARS AWAY. 04:23.696 --> 04:24.597 align:left position:15%,start line:89% size:75% AND THERE IS ONE MORE THING 04:24.697 --> 04:25.732 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% JAMES: YESSSS? 04:25.832 --> 04:27.700 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% DEAN: I KNOW YOU LL LIKE THIS JAMES BUT ON THE 04:27.800 --> 04:33.506 align:left position:75%,start line:83% size:15% NIGHT OF MAY 27TH, THE MOON WILL COZY UP TO JUPITER AND ZUBENELGENUBI AND MAKE A COOL 04:33.606 --> 04:34.540 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% JAMES: CONJUNCTION! 04:34.641 --> 04:36.676 align:left position:42.5%,start line:83% size:47.5% DEAN: IT S ALL THERE WHEN YOU 04:36.776 --> 04:40.776 align:left position:45%,start line:83% size:45% ALL: KEEP LOOKING UP!