WEBVTT 00:04.137 --> 00:10.944 [MUSIC] 00:11.512 --> 00:12.212 JOAN CARTAN-HANSEN: HI. 00:12.312 --> 00:13.280 I'M JOAN CARTAN-HANSEN, AND 00:13.380 --> 00:14.748 WELCOME TO SCIENCE TREK THE 00:14.848 --> 00:15.983 WEB SHOW, AND WELCOME TO THE 00:16.083 --> 00:17.284 MK NATURE CENTER. 00:17.384 --> 00:18.719 AND JOINING ME TO ANSWER YOUR 00:18.819 --> 00:20.187 QUESTIONS ABOUT THE OCEANS ARE 00:20.287 --> 00:21.522 DAVID WILKINS, ASSOCIATE 00:21.622 --> 00:22.856 PROFESSOR OF GEOSCIENCES AT 00:22.956 --> 00:24.224 BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY, AND 00:24.324 --> 00:25.392 WALTER SNYDER, PROFESSOR 00:25.492 --> 00:26.827 EMERITUS, FROM THE DEPARTMENT 00:26.927 --> 00:28.095 OF GEOSCIENCES AT BOISE STATE 00:28.195 --> 00:29.363 UNIVERSITY. 00:29.463 --> 00:30.764 THANK YOU BOTH FOR BEING HERE. 00:30.864 --> 00:31.632 DAVID WILKINS: GREAT TO BE 00:31.732 --> 00:32.599 HERE. 00:32.699 --> 00:33.567 WALTER SNYDER: THANKS FOR 00:33.667 --> 00:34.568 HAVING US. 00:34.668 --> 00:35.536 CARTAN-HANSEN: OKAY. 00:35.636 --> 00:36.436 LET'S GO TO YOUR QUESTIONS. 00:37.304 --> 00:39.573 [MUSIC] 00:40.307 --> 00:41.141 JB: HI. 00:41.241 --> 00:42.643 MY NAME IS JB, AND I GO TO 00:42.743 --> 00:44.244 RIVERSIDE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, 00:44.344 --> 00:45.445 AND MY QUESTION IS, WHY IS THE 00:45.546 --> 00:47.814 OCEAN BLUE? 00:47.915 --> 00:49.583 SNYDER: WELL, THE OCEAN -- THE 00:49.683 --> 00:51.385 OCEAN IS BLUE NOT FOR THE 00:51.485 --> 00:53.387 REASON YOU MIGHT THINK. 00:53.487 --> 00:54.621 IT IS NOT DUE TO THE FACT THAT 00:54.721 --> 00:57.391 IT'S JUST REFLECTING THE COLOR 00:57.491 --> 00:59.326 OF THE ALREADY BLUE SKY. 00:59.426 --> 01:00.994 THAT'S WHAT MOST PEOPLE WOULD 01:01.094 --> 01:02.262 THINK. 01:02.362 --> 01:03.797 WHAT IT'S REALLY DUE TO IS THE 01:03.897 --> 01:05.999 WAY THE OCEAN ABSORBS CERTAIN 01:06.099 --> 01:08.969 COLORS OF SUNLIGHT AND 01:09.069 --> 01:10.404 REFLECTS OTHER COLORS OF 01:10.504 --> 01:11.905 SUNLIGHT. 01:12.005 --> 01:13.440 SUNLIGHT HAS A FULL SPECTRUM 01:13.540 --> 01:14.641 OF COLORS. 01:14.741 --> 01:16.043 THINK OF THE RAINBOW. 01:16.143 --> 01:17.911 AND WHEN THAT RAINBOW FROM THE 01:18.011 --> 01:19.580 SUN HITS THE OCEAN WATER, THE 01:19.680 --> 01:22.282 WATER ITSELF ABSORBS THE REDS 01:22.382 --> 01:24.484 AND VIOLETS AND REFLECTS BACK 01:24.585 --> 01:27.354 MOSTLY THE BLUE. 01:27.454 --> 01:29.356 AND SO IT'S THE REFLECTED 01:29.456 --> 01:30.624 LIGHT, THE REFLECTED COLOR, IS 01:30.724 --> 01:33.493 WHAT YOU UNDERSTAND IS THE 01:33.594 --> 01:34.995 COLOR OF ANY OBJECT YOU'RE 01:35.095 --> 01:36.296 LOOKING AT. 01:36.396 --> 01:37.931 SO, IT'S BLUE BECAUSE IT'S 01:38.031 --> 01:39.399 ABSORBING THE RED COLOR OF 01:39.499 --> 01:41.001 SUNLIGHT AND REFLECTING BACK 01:41.101 --> 01:42.502 TO BLUE. 01:42.603 --> 01:43.737 LUKE: HI. 01:43.837 --> 01:46.573 MY NAME IS LUKE, AND I GO TO 01:46.673 --> 01:47.074 RIVERSIDE ELEMENTARY. 01:47.174 --> 01:48.342 MY QUESTION IS, I HEARD THAT 01:48.442 --> 01:49.543 THERE'S A FLOATING ISLAND OF 01:49.643 --> 01:50.744 TRASH. 01:50.844 --> 01:52.045 WHERE IS IT LOCATED, AND HOW 01:52.145 --> 01:53.547 BIG IS IT? 01:53.647 --> 01:54.848 WILKINS: SADLY, THERE ARE 01:54.948 --> 01:56.416 ACTUALLY SEVERAL TRASH ZONES 01:56.516 --> 01:58.251 OUT IN THE MIDDLE OF THE 01:58.352 --> 01:59.519 OCEAN. 01:59.620 --> 02:01.088 EVERYTHING THAT WE TOSS INTO 02:01.188 --> 02:03.023 THE STREAMS AND RIVERS 02:03.123 --> 02:05.392 EVENTUALLY ENDS UP INTO THE 02:05.492 --> 02:07.194 OCEAN. 02:07.294 --> 02:09.763 SO, PLASTICS, BOTTLES, CANS, 02:09.863 --> 02:11.198 EVERYTHING GETS WASHED OUT 02:11.298 --> 02:13.533 THERE. 02:13.634 --> 02:14.868 AND WITH THE OCEAN CURRENTS IN 02:14.968 --> 02:16.436 THE BIG OCEAN BASIN, SPECIFIC, 02:16.536 --> 02:17.971 THE ATLANTIC AND THE NORTH AND 02:18.071 --> 02:20.507 THE SOUTH OF EACH OF THOSE 02:20.607 --> 02:22.576 BASINS, THERE ARE THESE LARGE 02:22.676 --> 02:24.745 AREAS CALLED "GYRES." 02:24.845 --> 02:26.980 IT'S WHERE EACH HEMISPHERE 02:27.080 --> 02:29.783 OF WATER IS CIRCULATING AROUND 02:29.883 --> 02:31.218 THE CENTER OF THE OCEAN BASIN, 02:31.318 --> 02:32.653 ITSELF, IN THE NORTHERN 02:32.753 --> 02:34.121 HEMISPHERE AND THE SOUTHERN 02:34.221 --> 02:35.455 HEMISPHERE. 02:35.555 --> 02:36.990 AND SO ALL OF THE MATERIAL, 02:37.090 --> 02:38.792 ALL THE FLOTSAM AND JETSAM, 02:38.892 --> 02:40.594 ALL THE PLASTIC PARTICLES ALL 02:40.694 --> 02:43.030 EVENTUALLY END UP FLOATING IN 02:43.130 --> 02:45.399 A SHALLOW AREA, A SHALLOW ZONE 02:45.499 --> 02:47.601 OF ABOUT 4 TO 5 TO 10 FEET 02:47.701 --> 02:51.271 DEEP, AND MIGRATE OVER TIME 02:51.371 --> 02:52.673 INTO THE CENTER OF THE OCEAN 02:52.773 --> 02:55.242 BASINS WHERE IT ACCUMULATES. 02:55.342 --> 02:56.843 THE FISH DON'T KNOW THE 02:56.943 --> 02:58.145 DIFFERENCE, BECAUSE THE 02:58.245 --> 02:59.846 PARTICLES ARE SO SMALL THEY 02:59.946 --> 03:01.181 LOOK LIKE THINGS THEY MIGHT 03:01.281 --> 03:02.716 EAT NORMALLY, AND SO THEY EAT 03:02.816 --> 03:04.051 THEM, AND THEN THE FISH DIE, 03:04.151 --> 03:06.086 BECAUSE THEY CAN'T DIGEST THE 03:06.186 --> 03:08.021 PLASTIC EITHER. 03:08.121 --> 03:08.955 IT'S A REAL PROBLEM, AND IT'S 03:09.056 --> 03:10.757 VERY, VERY SAD. 03:10.857 --> 03:11.992 MERCADEEZ: HI. 03:12.092 --> 03:13.093 MY NAME IS MERCADEEZ, AND I GO 03:13.193 --> 03:14.661 TO KAMIAH ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN 03:14.761 --> 03:16.196 KAMIAH, IDAHO, AND MY QUESTION 03:16.296 --> 03:17.764 IS, WHICH OCEAN IS THE BIGGEST 03:17.864 --> 03:20.133 OF THEM ALL? 03:20.233 --> 03:21.568 SNYDER: THE BIGGEST OCEAN OF 03:21.668 --> 03:23.437 ALL IS THE PACIFIC AT ABOUT 64 03:23.537 --> 03:25.706 MILLION SQUARE MILES. 03:25.806 --> 03:27.874 THE ATLANTIC IS ABOUT HALF 03:27.974 --> 03:31.411 THAT SIZE AT 33 MILLION SQUARE 03:31.511 --> 03:32.979 MILES, AND THEN THE INDIAN 03:33.080 --> 03:35.549 OCEAN IS AROUND 24, 25 MILLION 03:35.649 --> 03:37.184 SQUARE MILES, BUT THE PACIFIC 03:37.284 --> 03:38.418 IS DEFINITELY THE BIGGEST OF 03:38.518 --> 03:40.821 THEM ALL. 03:40.921 --> 03:41.888 BAILEE: HI. 03:41.988 --> 03:43.090 MY NAME IS BAILEE, AND I GO TO 03:43.190 --> 03:45.092 RIVERSIDE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, 03:45.192 --> 03:46.426 AND MY QUESTION IS, HOW LONG 03:46.526 --> 03:48.695 DO WHALES LIVE? 03:48.795 --> 03:49.896 WILKINS: WHALES, BECAUSE 03:49.996 --> 03:51.398 THEY'RE SO LARGE, AND BECAUSE 03:51.498 --> 03:52.899 THEY LIVE IN SUCH COLD 03:52.999 --> 03:54.735 CONDITIONS, HAVE A VERY SLOW 03:54.835 --> 03:56.236 METABOLISM. 03:56.336 --> 03:58.038 THEY AGE FAIRLY SLOWLY. 03:58.138 --> 04:00.807 THEY CAN LIVE DECADES. 04:00.907 --> 04:01.975 60, 70, 80 YEARS IS NOT 04:02.075 --> 04:03.844 UNCOMMON FOR WHALES, AND WE 04:03.944 --> 04:05.378 DON'T DO THIS BECAUSE WE SEE 04:05.479 --> 04:07.180 WHALES BLOWING OUT BIRTHDAY 04:07.280 --> 04:08.749 CAKES WITH CANDLES ON THEM, 04:08.849 --> 04:11.151 BUT WHEN WE FIND WHALEBONES ON 04:11.251 --> 04:12.753 THE SHORELINE, WE CAN LOOK AT 04:12.853 --> 04:14.521 THEIR TEETH STRUCTURES AND 04:14.621 --> 04:17.324 THEIR JAW STRUCTURES AND GET 04:17.424 --> 04:18.658 AN IDEA ABOUT HOW OLD THEY 04:18.759 --> 04:20.160 ARE. 04:20.961 --> 04:21.795 MEGAN: HI. 04:21.895 --> 04:23.163 MY NAME IS MEGAN. 04:23.263 --> 04:24.231 I GO TO SAGLE ELEMENTARY 04:24.331 --> 04:25.499 SCHOOL, AND MY QUESTION IS, 04:25.599 --> 04:26.833 WHY DOES THE OCEAN HAVE 04:26.933 --> 04:28.301 CURRENTS? 04:28.401 --> 04:29.636 SNYDER: THE OCEAN HAS CURRENTS 04:29.736 --> 04:30.871 FUNDAMENTALLY BECAUSE OF TWO 04:30.971 --> 04:32.472 FACTORS; WIND AND THE FACT 04:32.572 --> 04:35.809 THAT THE EARTH ROTATES. 04:35.909 --> 04:38.278 MAJOR WIND CIRCULATION ON THE 04:38.378 --> 04:43.550 EARTH IS THAT WINDS TEND TO 04:43.650 --> 04:45.519 BLOW TO THE WEST AT THE 04:45.619 --> 04:47.521 EQUATOR AND TO THE EAST AT THE 04:47.621 --> 04:48.889 POLES, BOTH THE NORTH POLE AND 04:48.989 --> 04:50.323 THE SOUTH POLE. 04:50.423 --> 04:51.725 SO, IF YOU JUST IMAGINE -- 04:51.825 --> 04:53.560 RIGHT NOW IMAGINE THE PACIFIC. 04:53.660 --> 04:55.428 SO, THE WIND'S BLOWING TO THE 04:55.529 --> 04:56.730 WEST ACROSS THE EQUATOR. 04:56.830 --> 04:58.431 THE WATER IS MOVING FROM THE 04:58.532 --> 05:00.133 AMERICAS TOWARDS THE -- 05:00.233 --> 05:02.969 TOWARDS JAPAN AND THE 05:03.069 --> 05:04.337 PHILIPPINES AND THE PACIFIC 05:04.437 --> 05:05.806 SIDE, AND THEN AS IT HITS THE 05:05.906 --> 05:07.440 WEST SIDE OF THE OCEAN, IT 05:07.541 --> 05:09.309 THEN MAKES A TURN TO THE 05:09.409 --> 05:11.945 NORTH. 05:12.045 --> 05:13.246 FLOWS ALL THE WAY UP NORTH 05:13.346 --> 05:14.648 WHERE IT CATCHES. 05:14.748 --> 05:16.116 THEN THE WINDS ARE BLOWING TO 05:16.216 --> 05:17.517 THE EAST, AND THAT ALSO HELPS 05:17.617 --> 05:19.219 PROMOTE THE CURRENTS THEN TO 05:19.319 --> 05:21.521 MOVE BACK TO THE EAST. 05:21.621 --> 05:23.223 THEN THEY MOVE DOWN ALONG IN 05:23.323 --> 05:24.825 THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE DOWN 05:24.925 --> 05:26.426 ALONG, SAY, OUR COAST, AND 05:26.526 --> 05:27.961 THEN THEY GO BACK ACROSS THE 05:28.061 --> 05:31.765 PACIFIC AGAIN AT THE EQUATOR. 05:31.865 --> 05:32.933 NOW, WHAT CAUSES THOSE TO TURN 05:33.033 --> 05:34.434 IS THE FACT THAT WHEN THE 05:34.534 --> 05:35.802 EARTH TURNS, THE WESTERN 05:35.902 --> 05:37.671 MOVING WATER IS FORCED TO TURN 05:37.771 --> 05:40.907 TO THE RIGHT. 05:41.007 --> 05:42.542 AND SO THAT COMBINATION OF THE 05:42.642 --> 05:44.144 EARTH TURNING AND THE WINDS IS 05:44.244 --> 05:46.246 WHAT CREATES THESE BIG OCEAN 05:46.346 --> 05:47.714 -- WHAT ARE CALLED "OCEAN 05:47.814 --> 05:50.050 GYRES" THAT HAVE CONSTANT AND 05:50.150 --> 05:52.118 CONSISTENT DIRECTIONS OF 05:52.219 --> 05:54.588 MOVEMENT. 05:54.688 --> 05:55.689 [MUSIC] 05:55.789 --> 05:56.823 CARTAN-HANSEN: EMILY 05:56.923 --> 05:58.225 ASKS, IS IT EASIER TO FLOAT IN 05:58.325 --> 06:01.194 AN OCEAN OR A LAKE, AND WHY? 06:01.294 --> 06:03.029 SNYDER: IT ALL DEPENDS ON 06:03.129 --> 06:04.731 WHAT'S HAPPENING IN THE LAKE 06:04.831 --> 06:07.534 OR THE OCEAN. 06:07.634 --> 06:09.703 BASICALLY, YOU FLOAT IN THE 06:09.803 --> 06:11.438 OCEAN BECAUSE THERE'S SALT IN 06:11.538 --> 06:13.240 IT, AND WHEN YOU PUT SALT IN 06:13.340 --> 06:14.808 THE WATER, IT MAKES IT 06:14.908 --> 06:16.476 THICKER, HEAVIER, DENSER, AND 06:16.576 --> 06:19.145 IF IT'S THICKER, YOU CAN FLOAT 06:19.246 --> 06:20.847 EASIER IN IT. 06:20.947 --> 06:22.883 SO, IN GENERAL, IN AN OCEAN, 06:22.983 --> 06:24.150 YOU CAN FLOAT EASIER, BECAUSE 06:24.251 --> 06:26.753 IT CONTAINS A LOT OF SALT THAN 06:26.853 --> 06:28.922 IF YOU TRIED TO FLOAT IN A 06:29.022 --> 06:30.690 FRESHWATER LAKE. 06:30.790 --> 06:32.259 HOWEVER, SOME LAKES, SUCH AS 06:32.359 --> 06:33.960 THE GREAT SALT LAKE, ARE 06:34.060 --> 06:35.495 EXTREMELY SALTY, SALTIER THAN 06:35.595 --> 06:37.030 THE OCEAN, AND IT'S EVEN 06:37.130 --> 06:38.732 EASIER TO FLOAT THERE. 06:38.832 --> 06:40.400 SO, IT'S NOT JUST THE 06:40.500 --> 06:41.668 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE OCEAN 06:41.768 --> 06:43.036 AND A LAKE. 06:43.136 --> 06:44.537 IT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 06:44.638 --> 06:46.006 SALTY WATER AND FRESHWATER. 06:46.106 --> 06:47.240 SO, THE MORE SALT, THE EASIER 06:47.340 --> 06:48.541 IT IS TO FLOAT BECAUSE IT 06:48.642 --> 06:49.843 MAKES THE WATER THICKER, AND 06:49.943 --> 06:51.578 IT CAN SUPPORT YOU. 06:51.678 --> 06:52.746 YAROSLAVA: HI. 06:52.846 --> 06:54.014 MY NAME IS SLAVA, AND I GO TO 06:54.114 --> 06:57.550 RIVERSIDE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, 06:57.651 --> 06:59.252 AND MY QUESTION IS, I LIKE 06:59.352 --> 07:01.021 SHARKS, AND I READ THEY LIVED 07:01.121 --> 07:03.423 BEFORE DINOSAURS. 07:03.523 --> 07:05.191 DO THEY HAVE THE SAME LOOK AS 07:05.292 --> 07:07.427 THEY HAD A HUNDRED MILLION 07:07.527 --> 07:09.696 YEARS AGO? 07:09.796 --> 07:11.431 WILKINS: PRETTY MUCH. 07:11.531 --> 07:13.166 SHARKS HAVEN'T CHANGED MUCH IN 07:13.266 --> 07:14.935 THEIR APPEARANCE SINCE THEY 07:15.035 --> 07:16.469 FIRST FORMED -- FIRST APPEARED 07:16.569 --> 07:18.939 IN THE FOSSIL RECORD OVER 400 07:19.039 --> 07:21.741 MILLION YEARS AGO. 07:21.841 --> 07:23.009 THE ONE BIG DIFFERENCE IS THAT 07:23.109 --> 07:24.311 THEY WERE MUCH LARGER BACK 07:24.411 --> 07:25.345 THEN. 07:25.445 --> 07:26.646 YOU HAVE SHARK SPECIES THAT 07:26.746 --> 07:28.214 WERE 50 FEET LONG, WHICH WOULD 07:28.315 --> 07:29.582 BE MUCH -- IT'S VERY HARD TO 07:29.683 --> 07:31.217 VISUALIZE AND PROBABLY PRETTY 07:31.318 --> 07:33.119 TERRIFYING TO EVERYTHING ELSE 07:33.219 --> 07:34.254 THAT WAS IN THE WATER AT THE 07:34.354 --> 07:35.655 TIME. 07:35.755 --> 07:36.990 ONE OF THE MOST INTERESTING 07:37.090 --> 07:39.292 FOSSILS IS THE HELICOPRION 07:39.392 --> 07:40.794 WHICH IS A BUZZSAW-JAWED 07:40.894 --> 07:42.829 SHARK. 07:42.929 --> 07:44.431 THE TEETH ACTUALLY CAME OUT OF 07:44.531 --> 07:45.966 ITS JAWS LIKE A BUZZ SAW. 07:46.066 --> 07:47.100 IF YOU PICTURE A SAW THAT'S 07:47.200 --> 07:48.435 GOING AROUND AND AROUND ON A 07:48.535 --> 07:49.669 TABLE, THAT'S WHAT THE TEETH 07:49.769 --> 07:52.739 IN THIS LOOKED LIKE. 07:52.839 --> 07:53.840 THE SCIENTISTS AT IDAHO STATE 07:53.940 --> 07:55.542 UNIVERSITY ARE THE BEST IN 07:55.642 --> 07:57.677 STUDYING THIS, AND SOME OF THE 07:57.777 --> 07:58.979 BEST FOSSILS HAVE COME FROM 07:59.079 --> 08:01.014 EASTERN IDAHO. 08:01.114 --> 08:02.382 ASHLEY: HI. 08:02.482 --> 08:03.750 MY NAME IS ASHLEY, AND I GO TO 08:03.850 --> 08:06.219 RIVERSIDE ELEMENTARY, AND MY 08:06.319 --> 08:07.687 QUESTION IS, HOW DO WE KEEP 08:07.787 --> 08:10.657 THE OCEAN WATER CLEAN, 08:10.757 --> 08:13.860 HEALTHY, AND SUSTAINABLE? 08:13.960 --> 08:15.028 WILKINS: I WISH I KNEW. 08:15.128 --> 08:17.597 I WISH WE KNEW. 08:17.697 --> 08:18.832 I THINK WE BEGIN BY TREATING 08:18.932 --> 08:20.500 THE OCEAN WITH RESPECT. 08:20.600 --> 08:22.402 MAYBE RECOGNIZING THAT THE 08:22.502 --> 08:23.737 HEALTHY OCEAN MEANS A HEALTHY 08:23.837 --> 08:25.605 PLANET FOR THE REST OF US. 08:25.705 --> 08:26.940 EVERYTHING THAT HAPPENS IN THE 08:27.040 --> 08:28.742 OCEAN EVENTUALLY COMES BACK ON 08:28.842 --> 08:30.510 LAND; WEATHER, CLIMATE, WATER, 08:30.610 --> 08:33.146 ALONG THE SHORELINE, A LOT OF 08:33.246 --> 08:35.849 OUR FOOD. 08:35.949 --> 08:37.183 ALL THAT MEANS THAT WE NEED TO 08:37.283 --> 08:38.651 HAVE A HEALTHY OCEAN TO HAVE A 08:38.752 --> 08:40.353 HEALTHY PLANET. 08:40.453 --> 08:41.821 WHAT WE REALLY NEED IS WE NEED 08:41.921 --> 08:44.257 TO HAVE MORE GOOD CURIOUS 08:44.357 --> 08:45.925 INTERESTED SCIENTISTS WHO WANT 08:46.026 --> 08:47.861 TO STUDY THIS PROBLEM LOOKING 08:47.961 --> 08:49.963 AT HOW DO WE -- HOW DO WE -- 08:50.063 --> 08:52.098 SAY, HOW DO WE PROTECT AND 08:52.198 --> 08:53.900 SUSTAIN THE OCEAN, AND WE ALSO 08:54.000 --> 08:56.669 NEED TO HAVE WELL-EDUCATED AND 08:56.770 --> 09:00.974 LISTENING LEADERS WHO CAN 09:01.074 --> 09:02.142 LISTEN TO THE SCIENTISTS AND 09:02.242 --> 09:03.610 ACTUALLY MAKE THE DIFFICULT 09:03.710 --> 09:05.078 DECISIONS THAT ARE NEEDED TO 09:05.178 --> 09:07.347 MAKE THE OCEAN SUSTAINABLE. 09:07.447 --> 09:08.882 [MUSIC] CARTAN-HANSEN: I'M 09:08.982 --> 09:10.817 SORRY, WE'VE RUN OUT OF TIME. 09:10.917 --> 09:11.918 MY THANKS TO DAVID AND WALTER 09:12.018 --> 09:13.186 FOR ANSWERING STUDENTS' 09:13.286 --> 09:13.953 QUESTIONS. 09:14.788 --> 09:15.789 WILKINS: THANKS FOR INVITING 09:15.889 --> 09:16.623 US. 09:16.723 --> 09:17.891 IT'S BEEN A LOT OF FUN, AND I 09:17.991 --> 09:18.992 LOOK FORWARD TO SEEING ALL 09:19.092 --> 09:20.060 THESE STUDENTS IN OUR 09:20.160 --> 09:21.327 CLASSROOMS IN A FEW YEARS. 09:21.428 --> 09:22.429 SNYDER: IT'S BEEN A PLEASURE. 09:22.529 --> 09:23.596 I'VE ENJOYED YOUR QUESTIONS, 09:23.696 --> 09:24.764 AND KEEP ON ASKING QUESTIONS. 09:24.864 --> 09:25.965 CARTAN-HANSEN: AND MY THANKS 09:26.066 --> 09:27.200 ALSO TO THE FOLKS HERE AT THE 09:27.300 --> 09:28.535 MK NATURE CENTER FOR HOSTING 09:28.635 --> 09:29.636 US. 09:29.736 --> 09:30.837 NOW, IF YOU WANT TO LEARN 09:30.937 --> 09:31.971 MORE, CHECK OUT THE OCEANS 09:32.072 --> 09:33.106 AREA ON THE SCIENCE TREK 09:33.206 --> 09:34.040 WEBSITE. 09:34.140 --> 09:35.208 YOU'LL FIND FACTS, LINKS, 09:35.308 --> 09:36.276 GAMES, OUR OCEANS BROADCAST 09:36.376 --> 09:37.677 SHOW AND LOTS MORE. 09:37.777 --> 09:38.711 AND EVERY WEEK, CHECK OUT MY 09:38.812 --> 09:39.913 BLOG FOR THE LATEST SCIENCE 09:40.013 --> 09:41.081 NEWS FOR KIDS ALL AT 09:41.181 --> 09:43.083 IDAHOPTV.ORG. 09:43.183 --> 09:44.050 THANKS FOR JOINING US. 09:44.150 --> 09:45.318 WE'LL SEE YOU NEXT TIME ON 09:45.418 --> 09:48.421 SCIENCE TREK, THE WEB SHOW. 09:49.556 --> 09:57.931 [MUSIC]