WEBVTT 00:04.500 --> 00:07.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% HORSES ARE MAMMALS KNOWN AS UNGULATES. 00:07.500 --> 00:09.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% THAT MEANS THEY HAVE HOOVES. 00:09.700 --> 00:14.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% HORSES ARE RELATED TO OTHER UNGULATES LIKE COWS OR ZEBRAS. 00:14.033 --> 00:16.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE PEOPLES OF NOMADIC MONGOLIA WERE THE FIRST TO DOMESTICATE 00:16.867 --> 00:21.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% HORSES AND BY 1,000 BCE CHINESE OFFICERS USED HORSE-DRAWN 00:21.133 --> 00:24.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% CHARIOTS IN BATTLE. 00:24.066 --> 00:26.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% EMILY SLOOP: HORSES ARE PREY ANIMALS. 00:26.066 --> 00:29.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEY ARE BUILT FOR SPEED AND STRENGTH. 00:29.133 --> 00:32.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% CARTAN-HANSEN: HORSES HAVE TOUGH HOOVES TO PROTECT THEIR FEET 00:32.066 --> 00:33.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% FROM POUNDING. 00:33.333 --> 00:35.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEY CAN RUN OVER ROUGH GROUND WITHOUT INJURY BECAUSE THEIR 00:35.967 --> 00:38.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% LEGS MOVE FORWARD TO BACK, NOT SIDE TO SIDE, AND THEIR LEGS ARE 00:38.867 --> 00:42.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% WELL SPACED TO COVER LOTS OF GROUND WITH EACH STRIDE. 00:42.867 --> 00:46.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% HORSES HAVE THE LARGEST EYEBALLS OF ANY LAND MAMMAL. 00:46.400 --> 00:49.166 position:10% line:85% size:80% A HORSE'S EYES ARE SET HIGH UP AND TO THE SIDE OF ITS HEAD SO 00:49.166 --> 00:52.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% IT CAN SEE ALL AROUND. 00:52.133 --> 00:56.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% ITS EARS CAN SWIVEL 180 DEGREES LIKE RADAR DISHES. 00:56.867 --> 01:00.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% A HORSE HAS EXTRA LARGE NOSTRILS BECAUSE IT CAN'T BREATHE THROUGH 01:00.600 --> 01:01.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% ITS MOUTH. 01:01.800 --> 01:03.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% HORSES ARE HERBIVORES. 01:03.333 --> 01:05.934 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEIR LARGE TEETH HAVE A LONG GRIPPING EDGE, PERFECT FOR 01:05.934 --> 01:09.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% CUTTING AND PULLING UP GRASS, AND BECAUSE THOSE TEETH WEAR 01:09.500 --> 01:13.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% DOWN AFTER YEARS OF CHEWING, HORSES' TEETH GROW THROUGHOUT 01:13.033 --> 01:17.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEIR LIFETIMES, AND HORSES HAVE A LONG NECK TO ALLOW THEM TO 01:17.033 --> 01:20.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% GRAZE WITHOUT HAVING TO BEND THEIR LEGS. 01:20.767 --> 01:23.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% KATIE ANDERSON: HORSES ONLY SLEEP FOR ABOUT THREE HOURS A 01:23.233 --> 01:26.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% DAY AND LIE DOWN ONLY FOR A SHORT REST. 01:26.333 --> 01:29.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% CARTAN-HANSEN: HORSES HAVE FOUR SPEEDS CALLED GAITS. 01:29.133 --> 01:30.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEY WALK. 01:30.600 --> 01:31.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% THAT'S THEIR SLOWEST SPEED. 01:31.767 --> 01:34.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% NEXT IS A TROT, A LITTLE FASTER THAN WALKING. 01:34.867 --> 01:37.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% NEXT A CANTER, FASTER THAN A TROT. 01:37.400 --> 01:40.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND THEN A GALLOP, A HORSE'S FASTEST GAIT. 01:40.400 --> 01:43.533 position:10% line:85% size:80% WHEN HORSES ARE BORN THEY'RE CALLED A FOAL. 01:43.533 --> 01:46.166 position:10% line:85% size:80% A FOAL CAN WALK SOON AFTER THEY'RE BORN. 01:46.166 --> 01:47.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% A YOUNG MALE IS CALLED A COLT. 01:47.800 --> 01:50.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% A YOUNG FEMALE IS CALLED A FILLY. 01:50.700 --> 01:53.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% A HORSE IS CONSIDERED TO BE AN ADULT AT FOUR. 01:53.867 --> 01:56.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% HORSES ARE MEASURED IN HANDS, A UNIT FIRST USED IN ANCIENT 01:56.767 --> 01:58.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% EGYPT. 01:59.533 --> 02:02.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% SLOOP: A HAND IS SET AT FOUR INCHES, AND A HORSE'S HEIGHT IS 02:02.233 --> 02:05.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% MEASURED FROM THE GROUND TO ITS WITHERS, THE BUMP BETWEEN ITS 02:05.500 --> 02:08.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% NECK AND BACK. 02:08.233 --> 02:10.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% CARTAN-HANSEN: HORSES COME IN ALL SHAPES AND SIZES AND 02:10.500 --> 02:11.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% DIFFERENT COLORS. 02:11.600 --> 02:14.934 position:10% line:85% size:80% THERE ARE MORE THAN 200 DIFFERENT BREEDS OF HORSES. 02:14.934 --> 02:17.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE SMALLEST ARE SHETLAND PONIES THAT CAN BE ABOUT SEVEN HANDS OR 02:17.967 --> 02:20.533 position:10% line:85% size:80% ABOUT 28 INCHES TALL. 02:20.533 --> 02:23.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE TALL BREEDS LIKE THE SHIRE CAN BE UP TO 19 HANDS TALL AND 02:23.700 --> 02:27.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% WEIGH MORE THAN 2,000 POUNDS. 02:27.300 --> 02:30.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% HORSES HAVE BEEN BRED TO DO LOTS OF DIFFERENT THINGS. 02:30.133 --> 02:33.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% LARGE HORSES OR DRAFT HORSES PULL WAGONS. 02:33.500 --> 02:36.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% RANCH HORSES HELP WORK WITH CATTLE. 02:36.133 --> 02:39.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% THOROUGHBRED HORSES CAN GALLOP FASTER THAN ABOUT 37 MILES PER 02:39.066 --> 02:40.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% HOUR. 02:40.500 --> 02:43.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% WILD OR FERAL HORSES ARE DECENDENTS OF ANIMALS TURNED 02:43.300 --> 02:47.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% LOOSE OR ESCAPED FROM EARLY SPANISH EXPLORERS OR LATER FROM 02:47.300 --> 02:51.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% SETTLERS OR PEOPLE WHO ABANDONED THEIR ANIMALS. 02:51.133 --> 02:53.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% IT ONLY TAKES ONE GENERATION TO TURN A DOMESTICATED HORSE INTO A 02:53.867 --> 02:56.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% WILD HORSE. 02:56.333 --> 02:58.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% THERE ARE ALMOST 50,000 WILD HORSES, WAY TOO MANY FOR THE 02:58.967 --> 03:02.533 position:10% line:85% size:80% HERDS TO SURVIVE, SO THE BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT AND OTHER 03:02.533 --> 03:07.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% AGENCIES OCCASIONALLY ROUND UP WILD HORSES FOR ADOPTION. 03:07.400 --> 03:10.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% ANDERSON: A HORSE REQUIRES A LOT OF CARE. 03:10.066 --> 03:13.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% YOU NEED TO BRUSH HIS COAT, FEED HIM, WATER HIM, EXERCISE HIM AND 03:13.033 --> 03:17.667 position:10% line:85% size:80% GIVE HIM A GOOD CLEAN PLACE TO LIVE. 03:17.667 --> 03:19.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% YOU NEED TO DO IT FOR A LONG TIME, TOO, BECAUSE A HORSE CAN 03:19.967 --> 03:22.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% LIVE WELL INTO HIS THIRTIES. 03:22.967 --> 03:26.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% CARTAN-HANSEN: HUMANS HAVE A STRONG RELATIONSHIP WITH HORSES. 03:26.300 --> 03:27.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEY'VE WORKED FOR US. 03:27.333 --> 03:29.166 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEY'VE BEEN OUR COMPANIONS. 03:29.166 --> 03:32.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% TO PARAPHRASE WINSTON CHURCHILL, THE OUTSIDE OF A HORSE IS GOOD 03:32.700 --> 03:36.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% FOR THE INSIDE OF A PERSON.