1 00:00:04,500 --> 00:00:07,500 HORSES ARE MAMMALS KNOWN AS UNGULATES. 2 00:00:07,500 --> 00:00:09,700 THAT MEANS THEY HAVE HOOVES. 3 00:00:09,700 --> 00:00:14,033 HORSES ARE RELATED TO OTHER UNGULATES LIKE COWS OR ZEBRAS. 4 00:00:14,033 --> 00:00:16,867 THE PEOPLES OF NOMADIC MONGOLIA WERE THE FIRST TO DOMESTICATE 5 00:00:16,867 --> 00:00:21,133 HORSES AND BY 1,000 BCE CHINESE OFFICERS USED HORSE-DRAWN 6 00:00:21,133 --> 00:00:24,066 CHARIOTS IN BATTLE. 7 00:00:24,066 --> 00:00:26,066 EMILY SLOOP: HORSES ARE PREY ANIMALS. 8 00:00:26,066 --> 00:00:29,133 THEY ARE BUILT FOR SPEED AND STRENGTH. 9 00:00:29,133 --> 00:00:32,066 CARTAN-HANSEN: HORSES HAVE TOUGH HOOVES TO PROTECT THEIR FEET 10 00:00:32,066 --> 00:00:33,333 FROM POUNDING. 11 00:00:33,333 --> 00:00:35,967 THEY CAN RUN OVER ROUGH GROUND WITHOUT INJURY BECAUSE THEIR 12 00:00:35,967 --> 00:00:38,867 LEGS MOVE FORWARD TO BACK, NOT SIDE TO SIDE, AND THEIR LEGS ARE 13 00:00:38,867 --> 00:00:42,867 WELL SPACED TO COVER LOTS OF GROUND WITH EACH STRIDE. 14 00:00:42,867 --> 00:00:46,400 HORSES HAVE THE LARGEST EYEBALLS OF ANY LAND MAMMAL. 15 00:00:46,400 --> 00:00:49,166 A HORSE'S EYES ARE SET HIGH UP AND TO THE SIDE OF ITS HEAD SO 16 00:00:49,166 --> 00:00:52,133 IT CAN SEE ALL AROUND. 17 00:00:52,133 --> 00:00:56,867 ITS EARS CAN SWIVEL 180 DEGREES LIKE RADAR DISHES. 18 00:00:56,867 --> 00:01:00,600 A HORSE HAS EXTRA LARGE NOSTRILS BECAUSE IT CAN'T BREATHE THROUGH 19 00:01:00,600 --> 00:01:01,800 ITS MOUTH. 20 00:01:01,800 --> 00:01:03,333 HORSES ARE HERBIVORES. 21 00:01:03,333 --> 00:01:05,934 THEIR LARGE TEETH HAVE A LONG GRIPPING EDGE, PERFECT FOR 22 00:01:05,934 --> 00:01:09,500 CUTTING AND PULLING UP GRASS, AND BECAUSE THOSE TEETH WEAR 23 00:01:09,500 --> 00:01:13,033 DOWN AFTER YEARS OF CHEWING, HORSES' TEETH GROW THROUGHOUT 24 00:01:13,033 --> 00:01:17,033 THEIR LIFETIMES, AND HORSES HAVE A LONG NECK TO ALLOW THEM TO 25 00:01:17,033 --> 00:01:20,767 GRAZE WITHOUT HAVING TO BEND THEIR LEGS. 26 00:01:20,767 --> 00:01:23,233 KATIE ANDERSON: HORSES ONLY SLEEP FOR ABOUT THREE HOURS A 27 00:01:23,233 --> 00:01:26,333 DAY AND LIE DOWN ONLY FOR A SHORT REST. 28 00:01:26,333 --> 00:01:29,133 CARTAN-HANSEN: HORSES HAVE FOUR SPEEDS CALLED GAITS. 29 00:01:29,133 --> 00:01:30,600 THEY WALK. 30 00:01:30,600 --> 00:01:31,767 THAT'S THEIR SLOWEST SPEED. 31 00:01:31,767 --> 00:01:34,867 NEXT IS A TROT, A LITTLE FASTER THAN WALKING. 32 00:01:34,867 --> 00:01:37,400 NEXT A CANTER, FASTER THAN A TROT. 33 00:01:37,400 --> 00:01:40,400 AND THEN A GALLOP, A HORSE'S FASTEST GAIT. 34 00:01:40,400 --> 00:01:43,533 WHEN HORSES ARE BORN THEY'RE CALLED A FOAL. 35 00:01:43,533 --> 00:01:46,166 A FOAL CAN WALK SOON AFTER THEY'RE BORN. 36 00:01:46,166 --> 00:01:47,800 A YOUNG MALE IS CALLED A COLT. 37 00:01:47,800 --> 00:01:50,700 A YOUNG FEMALE IS CALLED A FILLY. 38 00:01:50,700 --> 00:01:53,867 A HORSE IS CONSIDERED TO BE AN ADULT AT FOUR. 39 00:01:53,867 --> 00:01:56,767 HORSES ARE MEASURED IN HANDS, A UNIT FIRST USED IN ANCIENT 40 00:01:56,767 --> 00:01:58,967 EGYPT. 41 00:01:59,533 --> 00:02:02,233 SLOOP: A HAND IS SET AT FOUR INCHES, AND A HORSE'S HEIGHT IS 42 00:02:02,233 --> 00:02:05,500 MEASURED FROM THE GROUND TO ITS WITHERS, THE BUMP BETWEEN ITS 43 00:02:05,500 --> 00:02:08,233 NECK AND BACK. 44 00:02:08,233 --> 00:02:10,500 CARTAN-HANSEN: HORSES COME IN ALL SHAPES AND SIZES AND 45 00:02:10,500 --> 00:02:11,600 DIFFERENT COLORS. 46 00:02:11,600 --> 00:02:14,934 THERE ARE MORE THAN 200 DIFFERENT BREEDS OF HORSES. 47 00:02:14,934 --> 00:02:17,967 THE SMALLEST ARE SHETLAND PONIES THAT CAN BE ABOUT SEVEN HANDS OR 48 00:02:17,967 --> 00:02:20,533 ABOUT 28 INCHES TALL. 49 00:02:20,533 --> 00:02:23,700 THE TALL BREEDS LIKE THE SHIRE CAN BE UP TO 19 HANDS TALL AND 50 00:02:23,700 --> 00:02:27,300 WEIGH MORE THAN 2,000 POUNDS. 51 00:02:27,300 --> 00:02:30,133 HORSES HAVE BEEN BRED TO DO LOTS OF DIFFERENT THINGS. 52 00:02:30,133 --> 00:02:33,500 LARGE HORSES OR DRAFT HORSES PULL WAGONS. 53 00:02:33,500 --> 00:02:36,133 RANCH HORSES HELP WORK WITH CATTLE. 54 00:02:36,133 --> 00:02:39,066 THOROUGHBRED HORSES CAN GALLOP FASTER THAN ABOUT 37 MILES PER 55 00:02:39,066 --> 00:02:40,500 HOUR. 56 00:02:40,500 --> 00:02:43,300 WILD OR FERAL HORSES ARE DECENDENTS OF ANIMALS TURNED 57 00:02:43,300 --> 00:02:47,300 LOOSE OR ESCAPED FROM EARLY SPANISH EXPLORERS OR LATER FROM 58 00:02:47,300 --> 00:02:51,133 SETTLERS OR PEOPLE WHO ABANDONED THEIR ANIMALS. 59 00:02:51,133 --> 00:02:53,867 IT ONLY TAKES ONE GENERATION TO TURN A DOMESTICATED HORSE INTO A 60 00:02:53,867 --> 00:02:56,333 WILD HORSE. 61 00:02:56,333 --> 00:02:58,967 THERE ARE ALMOST 50,000 WILD HORSES, WAY TOO MANY FOR THE 62 00:02:58,967 --> 00:03:02,533 HERDS TO SURVIVE, SO THE BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT AND OTHER 63 00:03:02,533 --> 00:03:07,400 AGENCIES OCCASIONALLY ROUND UP WILD HORSES FOR ADOPTION. 64 00:03:07,400 --> 00:03:10,066 ANDERSON: A HORSE REQUIRES A LOT OF CARE. 65 00:03:10,066 --> 00:03:13,033 YOU NEED TO BRUSH HIS COAT, FEED HIM, WATER HIM, EXERCISE HIM AND 66 00:03:13,033 --> 00:03:17,667 GIVE HIM A GOOD CLEAN PLACE TO LIVE. 67 00:03:17,667 --> 00:03:19,967 YOU NEED TO DO IT FOR A LONG TIME, TOO, BECAUSE A HORSE CAN 68 00:03:19,967 --> 00:03:22,967 LIVE WELL INTO HIS THIRTIES. 69 00:03:22,967 --> 00:03:26,300 CARTAN-HANSEN: HUMANS HAVE A STRONG RELATIONSHIP WITH HORSES. 70 00:03:26,300 --> 00:03:27,333 THEY'VE WORKED FOR US. 71 00:03:27,333 --> 00:03:29,166 THEY'VE BEEN OUR COMPANIONS. 72 00:03:29,166 --> 00:03:32,700 TO PARAPHRASE WINSTON CHURCHILL, THE OUTSIDE OF A HORSE IS GOOD 73 00:03:32,700 --> 00:03:36,333 FOR THE INSIDE OF A PERSON.