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(MUSIC)

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JOAN CARTAN-HANSEN,

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HOST: YOUR HEART IS THE KEY TO

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YOUR BODY'S CIRCULATORY SYSTEM,

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BUT YOUR BLOOD IS EQUALLY

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IMPORTANT.

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SO, LET'S FIND OUT MORE ABOUT

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BLOOD.

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(COUNTDOWN BEEPS)

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STUDENT 1: I WANT TO DRINK YOUR

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BLOOD.

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STUDENT 2: WAIT A MINUTE.

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MY BLOOD?

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WHY WOULD HE WANT TO DRINK MY

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BLOOD?

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CARTAN-HANSEN: CUT!

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WHAT'S WRONG?

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STUDENT 2: I DON'T UNDERSTAND.

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WHY WOULD HE DRINK BLOOD?

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I MEAN AFTER ALL, WHAT IS BLOOD?

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CARTAN-HANSEN: WHAT IS BLOOD?

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WELL LET'S FIND OUT!

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BLOOD IS THE FLUID THAT CARRIES

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OXYGEN TO ALL THE CELLS IN YOUR

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BODY AND TAKES AWAY THE CELLS

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WASTE PRODUCTS.

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BLOOD FLOWS THROUGH YOUR BODY'S

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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM.

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ARTERIES CARRY BLOOD AWAY FROM

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THE HEART AND TOWARD THE LUNGS

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AND OTHER ORGANS IN YOUR BODY.

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INSIDE ORGANS AND TISSUES

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ARTERIES BRANCH OFF INTO SMALLER

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CAPILLARIES.

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BLOOD MOVES THROUGH THESE

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MICROSCOPIC CAPILLARIES DROPPING

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OFF OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS AND

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PICKING UP CARBON DIOXIDE AND

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OTHER WASTE PRODUCTS.

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BLOOD THEN MOVES INTO THE VEINS.

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VEINS CARRY BLOOD FROM THE BODY

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BACK TO THE HEART.

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BLOOD PICKS UP OXYGEN AND GETS

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RID OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN YOUR

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LUNGS AS YOU BREATHE IN AND OUT.

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BLOOD GETS RID OF OTHER WASTE

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PRODUCTS AS IT FLOWS THROUGH

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YOUR LIVER AND KIDNEYS, BUT YOUR

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HEART IS THE KEY.

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YOUR HEART PUMPS BLOOD THROUGH

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THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM AND KEEPS

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THE WHOLE PROCESS GOING.

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YOUR BLOOD IS MADE UP ON BLOOD

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CELLS AND PLASMA.

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PLASMA CONTAINS WATER, SALTS,

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PROTEINS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES

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AND IS WHAT MAKES YOUR BLOOD A

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LIQUID.

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ABOUT HALF OF YOUR BLOOD

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CONSISTS OF PLASMA.

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THE REST OF YOUR BLOOD IS MADE

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UP ON THREE TYPES OF CELLS:

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ABOUT 47 PERCENT OF YOUR BLOOD

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CONSISTS OF RED BLOOD CELLS.

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RED BLOOD CELLS ARE SHAPED LIKE

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FLATTENED BASKETBALLS.

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THEY CARRY A CHEMICAL CALLED

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HEMOGLOBIN WHICH GIVES BLOOD ITS

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RED COLOR.

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RED BLOOD CELLS ALSO CONTAIN

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IRON.

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THAT MINERAL HELPS RED BLOOD

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CELLS ABSORB OXYGEN.

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THE OTHER TYPE OF CELLS IN YOUR

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BLOOD ARE WHITE BLOOD CELLS AND

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PLATELETS.

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THEY ONLY MAKE UP ABOUT 1

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PERCENT OF YOUR BLOOD.

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WHITE BLOOD CELLS FIGHT

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INFECTIONS.

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THEY MAKE ANTIBODIES AND OTHER

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CHEMICALS THAT FIGHT THE GERMS

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THAT CAN GET INTO YOUR BODY AND

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MAKE YOU SICK.

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PLATELETS ARE CELLS THAT HELP

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MEND WOUNDS.

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WHEN YOU CUT YOURSELF PLATELETS

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START BUILDING UP ALONG THE

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EDGES OF THE GASH.

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THEY FORM A WEB ACROSS THE WOUND

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WHICH HARDENS AND STOPS THE

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BLOOD LOSS.

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YOUR BLOOD CELLS ARE CREATED IN

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THE MARROW, OR CENTER OF YOUR

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BONES.

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AND BLOOD CELLS ARE PRETTY

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SMALL.

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A DROP OF BLOOD THE SIZE OF A

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PIN-HEAD CONTAINS FIVE MILLION

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RED BLOOD CELLS, 15 THOUSAND

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WHITE BLOOD CELLS AND 250

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THOUSAND PLATELETS.

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STUDENT 2: THAT'S AMAZING!

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IS THAT ALL BLOOD DOES?

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STUDENT 1: JUST WATCH, THERE IS

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MORE.

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CARTAN-HANSEN: YOUR BLOOD DOES

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MORE THAN JUST MOVE OXYGEN

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AROUND YOUR BODY IT CARRIES

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CHEMICALS CALLED HORMONES THAT

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CONTROL GROWTH, ENERGY USE, AND

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WATER LEVELS IN YOUR BODY.

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YOUR BLOOD HELPS KEEP YOU AND

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YOUR INSIDES AT A FAIRLY

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CONSTANT TEMPERATURE BY CARRYING

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HEAT AWAY TO THE SKIN IN HOT

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WEATHER AND BY KEEPING YOU WARM

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INTERNALLY WHEN IT'S COLD.

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AND YOUR BLOOD KEEPS YOU

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HEALTHY.

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IT HELPS FIGHT INFECTIONS AND

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OTHER DISEASES.

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AND WHEN YOU GET A CUT, YOUR

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BLOOD HELPS YOU TO HEAL.

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DOCTORS CAN TEST YOUR BLOOD TO

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LOOK FOR SIGNS OF DISEASE, AND

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THEY ALSO CHECK YOUR BLOOD

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PRESSURE.

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YOUR BLOOD PRESSURE IS THE FORCE

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YOUR BLOOD IS PUSHING ON THE

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WALLS OF YOUR BLOOD VESSELS.

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HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE CAN CAUSE

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STROKES OR HEART ATTACKS.

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AND IF YOUR BLOOD PRESSURE IS

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TOO LOW YOU COULD FAINT.

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WHEN DOCTORS TEST YOUR BLOOD

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THEY OFTEN DETERMINE ITS TYPE.

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DIFFERENT PEOPLE HAVE SLIGHTLY

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DIFFERENT TYPES OF BLOOD CALLED

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BLOOD GROUPS.

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DOCTORS HAVE ASSIGNED A LETTER

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TO EACH GROUP DEPENDING UPON THE

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TYPE OF ANTIGENS FOUND ON THE

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SURFACE OF THE RED BLOOD CELLS.

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THERE IS A, B, AB AND O.

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THE GROUPS ARE FURTHER DIVIDED

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INTO RH POSITIVE AND RH

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NEGATIVE.

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ABOUT 72 PERCENT OF AMERICANS

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ARE EITHER A+ OR O+.

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ONLY 1 PERCENT OF AMERICANS ARE

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AB- THAT MAKES IT THE MOST RARE

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BLOOD TYPE.

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KNOWING YOUR BLOOD TYPE IS

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IMPORTANT BECAUSE IF YOU GET

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HURT AND NEED A BLOOD

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TRANSFUSION, THAT IS BLOOD FROM

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SOMEONE ELSE TO MAKE UP WHAT YOU

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HAVE LOST, THEN YOU NEED TO BE

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GIVEN BLOOD OF THE SAME TYPE.

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IF YOU GET A DIFFERENT BLOOD

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TYPE YOU COULD GET VERY SICK.

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MANY ADULTS DONATE BLOOD.

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THAT IS GIVE SOME OF THEIR OWN

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BLOOD.

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YOU HAVE TO BE AT LEAST 16 OR 17

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YEARS OLD TO DONATE.

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ORGANIZATIONS LIKE THE RED CROSS

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COLLECT BLOOD.

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TRAINED STAFF EXAMINE THE BLOOD

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TO MAKE SURE IT'S SAFE AND THEN

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STORE IT UNTIL SOMEONE NEEDS IT.

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AND IN THE WORLD SOMEONE NEEDS A

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BLOOD TRANSFUSION EVERY TWO

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SECONDS.

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SO GIVING BLOOD SAVES LIVES.

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STUDENT 1: SO YOUR BLOOD IS

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REALLY IMPORTANT FOR YOUR

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HEALTH.

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STUDENT 2: SO TAKE CARE OF YOUR

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BODY AND YOUR BLOOD WILL TAKE

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CARE OF YOU!

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STUDENT 1: UM HMM STUDENT 2:

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OKAY, I THINK I'M READY FOR

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ANOTHER TAKE.

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(COUNTDOWN BEEPS)

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STUDENT 1: I

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WANT YOU TO DONATE YOUR BLOOD.

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STUDENT 2: OKAY, LET'S GO

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ORGANIZE A BLOOD DRIVE.

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I BET YOUR TEACHERS AND PARENTS

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WOULD BE WILLING TO HELP.

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STUDENT 1: GOOD IDEA, LET'S GO!

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CARTAN-HANSEN: TO LEARN MORE

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ABOUT BLOOD AND THE HEART AND

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LOTS OF OTHER SCIENTIFIC TOPICS,

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CHECK OUT THE SCIENCE TREK

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WEBSITE.

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YOU'LL FIND IT AT

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IDAHOPTV.ORG/SCIENCETREK.

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(MUSIC)

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NARRATOR: PRESENTATION

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OF SCIENCE TREK ON IDAHO PUBLIC

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TELEVISION IS MADE POSSIBLE

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THROUGH THE GENEROUS SUPPORT OF

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THE LAURA MOORE CUNNINGHAM

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FOUNDATION, COMMITTED TO

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FULFILLING THE MOORE AND BETTIS

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FAMILY LEGACY OF BUILDING THE

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GREAT STATE OF IDAHO; BY THE

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IDAHO NATIONAL LABORATORY,

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MENTORING TALENT AND FINDING

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SOLUTIONS FOR ENERGY AND

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SECURITY CHALLENGES; BY WALMART

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AND THE WALMART FOUNDATION,

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INCREASING ACCESS FOR IDAHO'S

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CHILDREN TO EXPLORE THE

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POSSIBILITIES OF SCIENCE AND

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TECHNOLOGY AND SPARKING THEIR

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INTEREST IN CAREERS THAT SHAPE

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OUR WORLD; BY THE FRIENDS OF

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IDAHO PUBLIC TELEVISION; BY THE

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CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC

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BROADCASTING AND BY VIEWERS LIKE

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YOU, THANK YOU.