WEBVTT

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(MUSIC)
JOAN CARTAN-HANSEN, HOST:

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GEOLOGY IS THE STUDY OF OUR
PLANET, EARTH.

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THE EARTH FORMED ABOUT FOUR
AND A HALF BILLION YEARS AGO

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OUT OF A CLOUD OF SWIRLING GAS
AND DUST.

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SCIENTISTS THINK THAT THE
ANCIENT MICROBES ON EARTH MAY

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HAVE ONCE USED A MOLECULE
OTHER THAN CHLOROPHYLL TO

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HARNESS THE SUN'S POWER.

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THAT MEANS THE ORGANISMS ON AN
EARLY EARTH MADE THE PLANET

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LOOK PURPLE.

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THE EARTH ONCE HAD ONE GIANT
LAND MASS CALLED A SUPER

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CONTINENT.

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THERE WERE SEVERAL OVER TIME,
THE LAST ONE NAMED PANGAEA.

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EVENTUALLY, THE LAND BROKE UP
AND MOVED INTO THE SHAPES WE

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HAVE TODAY.

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AND THE TECTONIC PLATES THAT
MAKE UP THE EARTH'S LAND MASS

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STILL MOVE AT ABOUT THE SAME
SPEED AS YOUR FINGERNAILS

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GROW.

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LOTS OF THINGS HAVE CHANGED
THE SHAPE OF THE SURFACE OF

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THE EARTH.

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THINGS LIKE EARTHQUAKES,
VOLCANOES, WIND, WATER AND

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WEATHER HAVE SCULPTED WHAT WE
SEE.

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AND EVEN THOUGH THE WORD EARTH
IS A PHRASE THAT MEANS GROUND,

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70 PERCENT OF THE EARTH'S
SURFACE IS ACTUALLY COVERED IN

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WATER.

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FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT
GEOLOGY, CHECK OUT THE SCIENCE

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TREK WEBSITE.

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YOU'LL FIND IT AT SCIENCE TREK
DOT ORG