WEBVTT 00:04.500 --> 00:05.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> PRESENTATION OF SCIENCE TREK ON IDAHO PUBLIC TELEVISION IS 00:05.867 --> 00:08.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% MADE POSSIBLE THROUGH THE GENEROUS SUPPORT OF THE LAURA 00:08.133 --> 00:10.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% MOORE CUNNINGHAM FOUNDATION. 00:10.300 --> 00:13.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% COMMITTED TO FULFILLING THE MOORE FAMILY LEGACY OF BUILDING 00:13.867 --> 00:16.934 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE GREAT STATE OF IDAHO. 00:16.934 --> 00:21.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> THE FLOW OF THE SUN'S ENERGY TOUCHES ALL THIFERG THINGS ON 00:21.066 --> 00:21.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% EARTH. 00:21.333 --> 00:23.567 position:10% line:85% size:80% BUT HOW ARE PLANTS AND PEOPLE CONNECTED? 00:23.567 --> 00:27.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% AY TUNED AND WE'LL ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS ABOUT THE FOOD WEB. 00:27.400 --> 00:40.567 position:10% line:85% size:80% SCIENCE TREK IS NEXT. 00:40.567 --> 00:43.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> HI, I'M JOAN CARTAN-HANSEN AND WELCOME TO SCIENCE TREK, AND 00:43.233 --> 00:44.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% WELCOME TO ZOO BOISE. 00:44.600 --> 00:47.667 position:10% line:85% size:80% WE'RE HERE TODAY TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS ABOUT THE FOOD WEB, 00:47.667 --> 00:54.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% BUT BEFORE WE DO, LET'S LEARN A BIT MORE. 00:54.033 --> 00:55.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> HEY, KIDS. 00:55.033 --> 00:55.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> WHAT? 00:55.967 --> 00:58.533 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> DID YOU KNOW YOU ARE THE TALK OF THE FOOD CHAIN? 00:58.533 --> 00:58.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> HUH? 00:58.967 --> 00:59.266 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> YEAH. 00:59.266 --> 01:02.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% YOU KNOW, TOP DOG. 01:02.400 --> 01:04.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> NUMERAL UNO. 01:04.233 --> 01:07.200 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE TOP OF THE FOOD CHAIN. 01:07.200 --> 01:08.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> WHAT'S ON THE BOTTOM? 01:08.233 --> 01:09.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> FUNNY YOU SHOULD ASK. 01:09.400 --> 01:14.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE FOOD CHAINS DON'T START AT THE TOP, THEY BEGIN IF -- AT THE 01:14.767 --> 01:15.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% BOTTOM. 01:15.233 --> 01:18.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% NO, NOT THAT BOTTOM, THEY BEGIN HERE. 01:18.700 --> 01:19.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% SUNLIGHT IS ENERGY. 01:19.600 --> 01:23.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND ENERGY IS WHAT ALL LIVING THINGS NEED TO SURVIVE. 01:23.333 --> 01:27.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO, THE FOOD CHAIN IS HOW ENERGY MOVES THROUGH NATURE. 01:27.233 --> 01:30.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% BASKING IN THE SUN IS HOW PLANTS CONVERT ENERGY INTO FOOD, AND 01:30.767 --> 01:34.433 position:10% line:85% size:80% LOTS OF ANIMALS EAT PLANTS, EVEN YOU. 01:34.433 --> 01:38.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO WHEN ANIMAL EATS PLANTS, THAT ENERGY MOVES FROM THE PLANT TO 01:38.400 --> 01:40.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE ANIMAL. 01:40.400 --> 01:44.934 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND WHEN THAT ANIMAL GETS EATEN BY ANOTHER ANIMAL, THE ENERGY 01:44.934 --> 01:46.567 position:10% line:85% size:80% MOVES AGAIN. 01:46.567 --> 01:50.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% EVEN A DEAD ANIMAL STILL PASSES ENERGY. 01:50.333 --> 01:55.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% DEAD SALMON, ANYONE? 01:55.767 --> 02:04.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% INSECTS AND OTHER CREEPY CRAWLERS WILL FEED ON A FISH,, 02:04.700 --> 02:05.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% CARCASS, AND SO ON. 02:05.800 --> 02:09.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% ALSO, HOW MANY OF YOU USE FERTILIZER IN YOUR GARDEN? 02:09.700 --> 02:12.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% BAT POOP IS THE BEST FERTILIZER AROUND. 02:12.767 --> 02:16.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% IT'S MOSTLY INSECT PARTS. 02:16.500 --> 02:20.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% THINK ABOUT OTHER FERTILIZER LIKE COW MANURE. 02:20.867 --> 02:26.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% IT'S REALLY JUST A PLANT, SO FERTILIZERS HELP PLANTS TO GROW. 02:26.033 --> 02:30.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE PLANTS THEN CONVERT ENERGY FROM THE SUN INTO FOOD BY USING 02:30.600 --> 02:31.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% PHOTOSYNTHESIS. 02:31.400 --> 02:33.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% THIS MAKES PLANTS PRODUCERS. 02:33.300 --> 02:37.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE ANIMAL THAT EATS THE PLANT IS CALLED THE CONSUMER. 02:37.233 --> 02:41.934 position:10% line:85% size:80% A TREE LIKE THIS THAT PRODUCES A CORN, IS A PRODUCER. 02:41.934 --> 02:46.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE SQUIRREL EATING THE A COR IS THE PRIMARY CONSUMER, BUT 02:46.300 --> 02:49.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% WATCH OUT, A SECONDARY CONSUMER LIKE THIS RED TAILED HAWK, MAY 02:49.333 --> 02:53.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% EAT THE SQUIRREL, WHO ATE THE A CORN. 02:53.500 --> 02:56.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% WELL, IT'S KIND OF LIKE A HAMBURGER. 02:56.033 --> 02:57.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> ACTUALLY, THIS IS A SLOPPY JOE. 02:57.700 --> 03:00.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> OK, WHO IS THE SECONDARY CONSUMER? 03:00.233 --> 03:00.433 position:10% line:85% size:80% YOU. 03:00.433 --> 03:01.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE COW ATE THE GRASS. 03:01.967 --> 03:04.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND YOU ARE EATING THE COW. 03:04.233 --> 03:04.567 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> REALLY? 03:04.567 --> 03:07.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> BUT JUST LIKE YOU, ANIMALS DON'T ALWAYS CLEAN UP THEIR 03:07.767 --> 03:08.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% PLATES. 03:08.333 --> 03:10.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% THAT'S WHERE SCAVENGERS COME IN. 03:10.700 --> 03:15.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% SCAVENGERS LIKE THIS VULTURE ARE NATURE'S CLEANUP CREW, THEY 03:15.300 --> 03:20.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% CLEAN UP THE LEFTOVERS, TAKING THE ENERGY FROM DEAD ANIMALS FOR 03:20.333 --> 03:20.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEMSELVES. 03:20.700 --> 03:23.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% YOU MAY HAVE A SCAVENGER IN YOUR HOUSE. 03:23.967 --> 03:26.934 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> I DON'T HAVE A WHEELCHAIR IN MY HOUSE. 03:26.934 --> 03:30.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> LET'S SAY YOUR MOM PRODUCES SOME COOKIES, SHE WOULD BE THE 03:30.500 --> 03:30.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% PRODUCER. 03:30.767 --> 03:34.567 position:10% line:85% size:80% IF SHE GAVE YOU A PLATE FULL OF OATMEAL RAISIN COOKIES -- 03:34.567 --> 03:34.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> THANKS, MOM. 03:34.967 --> 03:37.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> YOU WOULD BE THE PRIMARY CONSUMER. 03:37.967 --> 03:41.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> HEY, WHAT DO YOU CALL THESE GUYS? 03:41.500 --> 03:42.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% STEALING MY COOKIES. 03:42.600 --> 03:45.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> WELL, THEY WOULD BE THE SECONDARY CONSUMERS. 03:45.333 --> 03:49.567 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND DON'T FORGET, FIDO. 03:49.567 --> 03:53.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% SEE, YOU DO HAVE A SCAVENGER IN THE HOUSE. 03:53.700 --> 03:55.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% WHAT WE SHOWED IS A FOOD CHAIN. 03:55.600 --> 03:58.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% BUT THINK ABOUT ALL THE FOOD CHAINS GOING ON ALL THE TIME 03:58.133 --> 04:00.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% AROUND YOU. 04:00.300 --> 04:02.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% TAKE SOMETHING COMMON LIKE A SPIDER. 04:02.233 --> 04:05.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% THIS ONE IS EATING A GRASSHOPPER. 04:05.033 --> 04:07.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% BUT HOW MANY OTHER ANIMALS WANT TO EAT THE SPIDER? 04:07.867 --> 04:08.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% BIRDS. 04:08.066 --> 04:09.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% OTHER SPIDERS. 04:09.767 --> 04:15.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% LIZARDS, FROGS, OR TOADS OR MAMMALS LIKE MICE OR SHREW AND 04:15.400 --> 04:18.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% THINK ABOUT WAIST GOING TO EAT THOSE ANIMALS, EACH DEAD 04:18.033 --> 04:22.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% ANIMALS, THIS IS HOW FOOD CHAINS INTERCONNECT AND CREATE A FOOD 04:22.333 --> 04:22.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% WEB. 04:22.767 --> 04:23.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% WHERE DO YOU FIT IN? 04:23.767 --> 04:30.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% AT EACH STEP, YOU CAN BE A PRIMARY CONSUMER, A SECONDARY 04:30.233 --> 04:31.667 position:10% line:85% size:80% CONSUMER, A SCAVENGER. 04:31.667 --> 04:34.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND SOME DAY WHEN YOU ARE REALLY OLD AND DIE, YOU EVEN GET TO BE 04:34.767 --> 04:35.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE PRODUCER. 04:35.767 --> 04:39.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% IT'S THE WEB OF LIFE. 04:39.867 --> 04:43.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> AND JOINING ME NOW TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS ABOUT THE FOOD 04:43.333 --> 04:47.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% WEB, ARE DR. HOLLY HOLMAN, ZOO BOISE'S VETERINARIAN, AND ADARE 04:47.500 --> 04:50.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% EVANS, WILDLIFE EDUCATOR FOR THE IDAHO DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND 04:50.133 --> 04:50.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% GAME. 04:50.333 --> 04:52.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% THANK YOU BOTH FOR JOINING US. 04:52.600 --> 04:53.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> THANKS FOR HAVING US. 04:53.767 --> 04:56.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> REALLY HAPPY TO BE HERE, THANKS. 04:56.033 --> 04:56.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> OK. 04:56.300 --> 05:01.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% LET'S GO TO YOUR QUESTIONS. 05:01.967 --> 05:04.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> HI, MY NAME IS JONAH. 05:04.133 --> 05:05.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% I GO TO BASIN ELEMENTARY. 05:05.600 --> 05:14.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% MY QUESTION IS -- WHY -- WHY DO WE NEED TO KNOW WHAT THIS IS? 05:14.133 --> 05:17.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> WELL, I THINK THAT THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION BECAUSE WE KNOW 05:17.700 --> 05:20.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% THAT WHAT A FOOD CHAIN SAYS IS ONE ANIMAL EATS SOMETHING ELSE, 05:20.767 --> 05:23.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% WHICH EATS SOMETHING ELSE, WHICH EATS SOMETHING ELSE, AND IT'S 05:23.500 --> 05:26.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% GOOD TO KNOW ABOUT A FOOD CHAIN BECAUSE IT GIVES US AN IDEA OF 05:26.967 --> 05:30.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% HOW ENERGY FLOWS THROUGH THE ENVIRONMENT. 05:30.033 --> 05:33.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% BECAUSE YOU CAN'T JUST PICK UP ENERGY UNLESS YOU ARE A PLANT. 05:33.400 --> 05:37.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% YOU CAN'T TAKE ENERGY FROM THE SUN AND MAKE IT YOUR OWN. 05:37.600 --> 05:40.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO, IT HELPS US TO SEE THE FLOW OF ENERGY AND NUTRIENTS THROUGH 05:40.500 --> 05:42.200 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE WORLD, REALLY. 05:42.200 --> 05:45.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% NOT ONLY THAT, IF WE KNOW ABOUT FOOD CHAINS, IF ALL OF A SUDDEN 05:45.967 --> 05:49.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% WE DISCOVER ONE ANIMAL HAS A VERY STRANGE CHEMICAL IN IT, 05:49.400 --> 05:54.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% THAT IT SHOULDN'T HAVE IN THERE, WE CAN SEE WHERE WHERE DID THEY PICK 05:54.700 --> 05:58.166 position:10% line:85% size:80% IT UP, AND MAYBE THROUGH ITS FOOD, AND THIS IS ONE THING THAT 05:58.166 --> 06:02.667 position:10% line:85% size:80% WE REALIZED WHEN WE SAW THAT BIRDS, SUCH AS THE FALCON, WERE 06:02.667 --> 06:05.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% GOING DOWN IN POPULATION. 06:05.400 --> 06:09.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEY DISCOVERED THAT DDT, A CHEMICAL THAT THEY WERE PICKING 06:09.867 --> 06:11.934 position:10% line:85% size:80% UP FROM THE ENVIRONMENT, AND THAT CHEMICAL CAME FROM WHAT 06:11.934 --> 06:13.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEY WERE EATING. 06:13.300 --> 06:16.934 position:10% line:85% size:80% IT CAME FROM BIRDS, AND THE BIRDS PICKED IT UP FROM INSECTS 06:16.934 --> 06:19.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% THAT THEY WERE EATING. 06:19.033 --> 06:24.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% DDT WAS MADE, BUT IT HAD A HUGE EFFECT ON THE PEREGRINE FALCON. 06:24.767 --> 06:27.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% WITHOUT LOOKING AT THE ANIMAL'S FOOD CHAIN, WE NEVER WOULD HAVE 06:27.333 --> 06:28.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% KNOWN THAT. 06:28.066 --> 06:31.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO FOOD CHAINS ARE IMPORTANT. 06:31.033 --> 06:35.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% IT HELPS US SEE HOW EVERYTHING IN THE ENVIRONMENT IS CONNECTED. 06:35.800 --> 06:39.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> HI, I AM HALENE AND I COME FROM BASIN ELEMENTARY. 06:39.300 --> 06:42.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% MY QUESTION IS, WHY IS IT CALLED THE FOOD WEB. 06:42.867 --> 06:45.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> IT IS CALLED THE FOOD WEB BECAUSE WHEN YOU INTERCONNECT 06:45.066 --> 06:49.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE FOOD CHAINS, THEY MAKE FOR A SPIDER WEB-LIKE PATTERN. 06:49.867 --> 06:53.934 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> SAMIE WOULD LIKE TO KNOW, WHAT ARE DECOMPOSERS? 06:53.934 --> 06:58.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> A DECOMPOSER IS A REALLY SMALL, OFTEN SMALL, AT LEAST, 06:58.600 --> 07:02.667 position:10% line:85% size:80% ANIMAL THAT TAKES, BASICALLY, ALL THE DEAD STUFF THAT'S LEFT 07:02.667 --> 07:04.200 position:10% line:85% size:80% BEHIND FROM ANOTHER MEAL. 07:04.200 --> 07:09.433 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO, IF WE LOOK AT A DECOMPOSER, WE ARE LOOKING AT BACTERIA, 07:09.433 --> 07:15.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% FUNGI, AND MOLD, AND THEY TAKE MAYBE A DEAD FISH, FOR INSTANCE, 07:15.066 --> 07:18.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEY EAT ALL OF THE DECOMPOSING FLESH OF THE DEAD FISH, AND THEY 07:18.867 --> 07:22.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% TURN IT BACK INTO THE LITTLE MICRONUTRIENTS THAT GO INTO THE 07:22.767 --> 07:26.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% SOIL, SO THEY MAKE ENERGY AVAILABLE INTO THE SOIL FOR THE 07:26.867 --> 07:29.200 position:10% line:85% size:80% PLANTS TO USE SO THAT THEY CAN GROW AGAIN. 07:29.200 --> 07:31.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO, WITHOUT DECOMPOSERS, WE REALLY WOULDN'T HAVE A WAY TO 07:31.967 --> 07:36.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% GET DOWN TO THOSE MICRONUTRIENTS THAT ALL THE PLANTS NEED TO HELP 07:36.600 --> 07:38.567 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEM GROW. 07:38.567 --> 07:44.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> HI, I AM JANE, AND I GO TO GALILEO, AND HOW ARE FOOD CHAINS 07:44.967 --> 07:46.200 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND WEBS DIFFERENT. 07:46.200 --> 07:49.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> CHAINS ARE A LINEAR MODEL SHOWING HOW ENERGY TRANSFERS 07:49.033 --> 07:52.200 position:10% line:85% size:80% BETWEEN ONE ORGANISM TO THE NEXT. 07:52.200 --> 07:55.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE FOOD WEB SHOWS HOW THE ENERGY IS TRANSFERRED AMONGST 07:55.867 --> 08:00.667 position:10% line:85% size:80% MANY DIFFERENT ORGANISMS, MORE ON A WEB-LIKE PATTERN. 08:00.667 --> 08:03.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> FOOD WEB TALKS ABOUT HOW DIFFERENT CHAINS ARE CONNECTED. 08:03.033 --> 08:07.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO, IF YOU THINK ABOUT SOMETHING LIKE A WOLF AND A SALAMANDER, 08:07.233 --> 08:09.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% YOU PROBABLY DON'T THINK THAT THEY ARE CONNECTED AT ALL. 08:09.233 --> 08:13.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% BUT IF YOU LOOK AT A FOOD WEB, WE CAN SEE THAT THEY REALLY ARE 08:13.033 --> 08:17.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% BECAUSE A SALAMANDER IS IN THE WATER, AND IT MIGHT EAT AQUATIC 08:17.600 --> 08:21.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% INSECTS, THE INSECT MIGHT EAT A CATTAIL, SO WE GO BACK TO IS A 08:21.333 --> 08:27.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% CATTAIL, AND THEN IF YOU LOOK AT A WOLF, THEY MIGHT EAT MOOSE AND 08:27.967 --> 08:29.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEY EAT A CATTAIL. 08:29.033 --> 08:32.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% IF WE LOOK AT A FOOD WEB, IT CAN SHOW US HOW THINGS WE DON'T 08:32.233 --> 08:37.934 position:10% line:85% size:80% THINK ARE CONNECTED REALLY ARE THROUGH INDIVIDUAL FOOD CHAINS. 08:37.934 --> 08:40.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> BENJAMIN WOULD LIKE TO KNOW, WHAT'S AT THE TOP OF THE FOOD 08:40.600 --> 08:43.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% CHAIN FOR THE WHOLE WORLD? 08:43.600 --> 08:46.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> THERE'S NOT ONE PARTICULAR IMAL THAT'S AT THE TOP OF THE 08:46.867 --> 08:49.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% CHAIN IN THE WORLD, BUT THERE ARE SEVERAL LARGE PREDATORS THAT 08:49.700 --> 08:51.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% WE THINK OF. 08:51.500 --> 08:55.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% MOST PEOPLE WOULD THINK OF LIONS AND TIGERS AND BEARS AND, 08:55.066 --> 08:57.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% OBVIOUSLY, HUMANS FIT INTO THAT, AS WELL, SO THERE COULD BE A 08:57.233 --> 09:01.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% WIDE VARIETY OF ANIMALS THAT ARE SORT OF AT THE TOP OF THEIR FOOD 09:01.233 --> 09:02.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% CHAIN. 09:02.333 --> 09:08.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> HI, I AM CHARLES, AND I GO TO GALILEO, AND MY QUESTION IS -- 09:08.133 --> 09:10.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% IS WATER PART OF A FOOD WEB. 09:10.400 --> 09:14.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> WHEN WE TALK ABOUT A FOOD WEB, WE DON'T REALLY INCLUDE 09:14.700 --> 09:17.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% WATER, NECESSARILY. 09:17.066 --> 09:19.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% WATER IS FOUND IN LIVING THINGS. 09:19.500 --> 09:23.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO, IF YOU CONSIDER IT THAT WAY, THEN THE ANSWER WOULD BE YES. 09:23.133 --> 09:27.667 position:10% line:85% size:80% BUT, WE DON'T HAVE WATER STANDING OUT ON ITS OWN. 09:27.667 --> 09:30.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> HELLO, I AM C.J. 09:30.867 --> 09:37.433 position:10% line:85% size:80% MY SCHOOL IS [INAUDIBLE] ELEMENTARY SCHOOL. 09:37.433 --> 09:43.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% I WOULD LIKE TO KNOW IF THERE IS [INAUDIBLE] ON THE TOP OF THE 09:43.700 --> 09:44.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% FOOD CHAIN. 09:44.300 --> 09:45.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> THE GRIZZLY BEAR WOULD BE ONE OF THE ANIMALS THAT I WOULD 09:45.867 --> 09:48.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% CONSIDER TO BE ON THE TOP OF THE FOOD CHAIN. 09:48.400 --> 09:51.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% INTERESTINGLY ENOUGH, GRIZZLY BEARS ARE OMNIVORES SO THEY CAN 09:51.967 --> 09:56.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% EAT PLANT AND ANIMAL MATERIAL. 09:56.233 --> 10:00.200 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> WHEN PLANTS AND ANIMALS DIE, WHICH ORGANISMS HELP TO RETURN 10:00.200 --> 10:03.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% NUTRIENTS TO THE FOOD CHAIN. 10:03.333 --> 10:05.567 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> THE ORGANISMS THAT RETURN NUTRIENTS TO THE FOOD CHAIN 10:05.567 --> 10:09.433 position:10% line:85% size:80% AFTER ANIMAL DIES, WOULD BE THINGS LIKE DECOMPOSERS. 10:09.433 --> 10:12.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% BUT THEN, YOU ALSO HAVE TO LOOK AT SOMETHING LIKE SCAVENGERS. 10:12.800 --> 10:16.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO, A SCAVENGER IS ANIMAL THAT MIGHT EAT SOMETHING DEAD, LIKE A 10:16.700 --> 10:19.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% MAG PIE OR A WORM. 10:19.600 --> 10:23.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEY ARE, ALSO, RETURNING ALL THOSE NUTRIENTS, REALLY, THROUGH 10:23.867 --> 10:29.200 position:10% line:85% size:80% SOMETHING THAT WE MIGHT THINK IS YOUNGY, WHICH IS THEIR SCAT OR 10:29.200 --> 10:29.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% POOP. 10:29.400 --> 10:32.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO IT'S THE SCAVENGERS AND THE DECOMPOSERS TOGETHER, WHICH HELP 10:32.700 --> 10:39.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% TO BREAK DOWN A DEAD ANIMAL AND RETURN THE NUTRIENTS TO THE FOOD 10:39.967 --> 10:42.433 position:10% line:85% size:80% CHAIN. 10:42.433 --> 10:44.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> FOOD WEB'S SHOW HOW INTERCONNECTED LIVING THINGS 10:44.700 --> 10:45.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% ARE. 10:45.333 --> 10:49.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% SCIENTISTS ESTIMATE IT TAKES A MILLION ALGAE TO SUPPORT THE 10:49.033 --> 10:52.934 position:10% line:85% size:80% 10,000 HERBIVORES THAT PROVIDE FOOD FOR 100 TUNA FISH THAT 10:52.934 --> 11:00.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% PROVIDE DINNER FOR ONE PERSON. 11:00.400 --> 11:04.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> MY NAME IS AUDREY, AND I GO TO GALILEO, AND MY QUESTION IS, 11:04.800 --> 11:09.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% DO ANIMALS EAT LOTS OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF ANIMALS. 11:09.400 --> 11:10.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> OH, YES. 11:10.400 --> 11:13.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% ANIMALS TRY TO EAT ALL DIFFERENT KINDS OF ANIMALS, AND THAT'S 11:13.033 --> 11:16.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% BECAUSE THE FOOD THEY EAT, JUST LIKE YOU AND I, LEADS TO 11:16.867 --> 11:20.433 position:10% line:85% size:80% PROTEINS THAT WE BREAK DOWN INTO OUR BODIES, AND MINERALS, 11:20.433 --> 11:23.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% VITAMINS, AND EVERYTHING THAT WE NEED TO LIVE, WE HAVE TO GET IT 11:23.600 --> 11:27.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% FROM DIFFERENT FOODS, AND SO DO OTHER ANIMALS. 11:27.967 --> 11:31.567 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> HARRISON WOULD LIKE TO KNOW, ARE THERE KEYSTONE ANIMALS IN 11:31.567 --> 11:32.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE FOOD WEB? 11:32.700 --> 11:37.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> YES, WHEN WE TALK ABOUT A KEYSTONE ANIMAL, WE'RE TALKING 11:37.500 --> 11:39.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% ABOUT AN ANIMAL THAT IS SO IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT HOLDS THE 11:39.967 --> 11:41.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% WHOLE ENVIRONMENT TOGETHER. 11:41.600 --> 11:46.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND IN IDAHO, IF WE HAD TO PICK A KEYSTONE ANIMAL, FOR OUR 11:46.600 --> 11:49.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% FOREST, IT WOULD HAVE TO BE A SALMON. 11:49.033 --> 11:51.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% NOW, I KNOW YOU ARE PROBABLY GOING, SALMON? 11:51.066 --> 11:52.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% HOW IS THAT A KEYSTONE SPECIES? 11:52.700 --> 11:53.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% THAT'S JUST A FISH. 11:53.967 --> 11:58.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% WELL, SALMON ARE SO IMPORTANT BECAUSE WHAT THEY DO IS THEY 11:58.333 --> 11:58.633 position:10% line:85% size:80% TRAVEL. 11:58.633 --> 12:01.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% OUR SALMON GO TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN, AND IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN, 12:01.967 --> 12:04.667 position:10% line:85% size:80% IT'S LIKE A GIANT GROCERY STORE. 12:04.667 --> 12:09.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEY EAT TONS AND TONS OF ZOE PLANKTON. 12:09.033 --> 12:12.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEY FILL UP ON KRILL AND COME BACK TO IDAHO, AND WHEN THEY 12:12.333 --> 12:16.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% COME BACK, THEY BRING ALL THOSE NUTRIENTS BACK WITH THEM. 12:16.700 --> 12:20.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND THE SALMON IS SO IMPORTANT BECAUSE THEY FEED SO MANY OTHER 12:20.700 --> 12:20.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% ANIMALS. 12:20.967 --> 12:23.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% WHEN THEY COME BACK TO IDAHO, IT'S NOT ONLY US THAT THEY MIGHT 12:23.700 --> 12:25.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% BE FEEDING. 12:25.767 --> 12:28.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% IT'S OTTERS. 12:28.600 --> 12:29.667 position:10% line:85% size:80% IT'S MUSKRATS. 12:29.667 --> 12:30.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% IT'S BEARS. 12:30.233 --> 12:31.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% IT'S OTHER FISH. 12:31.700 --> 12:35.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND NOT ONLY THAT, WHEN A RACOON OR SOMETHING HAPPENS TO FIND A 12:35.700 --> 12:40.200 position:10% line:85% size:80% DEAD FISH, LIKE A SALMON, THEY TAKE THAT SALMON AND DRAG IT UP 12:40.200 --> 12:44.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% ONTO THE SHORE, AND THEN ALL OF THOSE NUTRIENTS THAT THE SALMON 12:44.600 --> 12:49.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% BROUGHT BACK FROM THE OCEAN, THE TREES USE ON-SHORE. 12:49.033 --> 12:51.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% BELIEVE IT OR NOT WE CAN SEE FROM TREE RINGS ALL THE NICE 12:51.967 --> 12:56.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% GROWTH RINGS THAT WE KIND OF CUT A TREE IN HALF, THEY ARE THICKER 12:56.033 --> 12:57.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% ON GOOD SALMON YEARS. 12:57.967 --> 13:01.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% WHEN WE HAVE MORE SALMON IN IDAHO, IT, ACTUALLY, MAKES OUR 13:01.700 --> 13:04.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% FORESTS HEALTHIER, AND THEY GROW BIGGER, THE TREES GROW BIGGER. 13:04.967 --> 13:05.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% WE CAN SEE THAT. 13:05.867 --> 13:10.667 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND SO, SALMON TO ME WOULD BE A KEYSTONE SPECIES BECAUSE WHAT 13:10.667 --> 13:13.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEIR BODIES PROVIDE, THE NUTRIENTS THAT THEY PROVIDE, 13:13.967 --> 13:18.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% HELP TO FEED SO MANY OTHER FOOD CHAINS AND SO MANY OTHER ANIMALS 13:18.133 --> 13:20.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND PLANTS. 13:20.333 --> 13:22.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> HELLO, I AM LANCE. 13:22.133 --> 13:24.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% I AM AT BASIN ELEMENTARY. 13:24.867 --> 13:29.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% WHAT I WANT TO KNOW ABOUT THE FOOD WEB IS, CAN THE TOP 13:29.867 --> 13:33.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% CONSUMER BE KILLED BY THE LOWER CONSUMERS? 13:33.600 --> 13:34.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> YES. 13:34.033 --> 13:35.667 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEY DEFINITELY CAN. 13:35.667 --> 13:39.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE LOWER CONSUMERS CAN BE THINGS LIKE BACTERIA OR VIRUSES, 13:39.867 --> 13:43.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% WHICH COULD CAUSE ANIMAL HIGHER ON THE FOOD CHAIN TO BECOME ILL. 13:43.333 --> 13:46.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% IN THE WILD, IF THEY DON'T HAVE A VETERINARIAN THAT CAN TAKE 13:46.133 --> 13:49.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% CARE OF THEM, THAT COULD BE A PROBLEM, AND THEY MAY SUCCUMB TO 13:49.133 --> 13:51.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE ILLNEES. 13:51.500 --> 13:55.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> RONNIE WOULD LIKE TO KNOW, CAN ANIMAL BE EATEN BY A PLANT? 13:55.767 --> 13:57.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> OH, YES. 13:57.233 --> 13:59.166 position:10% line:85% size:80% THIS IS SO COOL. 13:59.166 --> 14:05.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% IN IDAHO, WE HAVE TWO PLANTS, AND MOST PEOPLE DON'T KNOW ABOUT 14:05.033 --> 14:05.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEM. 14:05.300 --> 14:10.433 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEY ARE CARNIVOROUS PLANS, THEY ARE SUN-DOER AND IS BLATTER 14:10.433 --> 14:10.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% WARTS. 14:10.700 --> 14:16.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% COOL NAME, THEY LIVE IN BOGS, WHICH ARE SPECIAL TYPES OF 14:16.800 --> 14:17.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% WETLANDS. 14:17.133 --> 14:20.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEY LIVE IN AREAS WHERE THERE IS A LOT OF ACID IN THE SOIL. 14:20.700 --> 14:23.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU HAVE A LOT OF ACID IN THE SOIL, IT MAKES IT 14:23.500 --> 14:26.567 position:10% line:85% size:80% REALLY HARD FOR PLANTS TO GET THE NITROGEN THAT THEY NEED. 14:26.567 --> 14:31.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO, THESE PARTICULAR PLANTS ARE KIND OF LIKE A VENUS FLY TRAP, 14:31.133 --> 14:37.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% BUT INSTEAD OF HAVING THE CLOSED CLAM SHELL, THEY HAVE LONG 14:37.300 --> 14:40.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% LITTLE SPINDLIES THAT LOOK LIKE FINGERS THAT COME OUT, AND WHEN 14:40.700 --> 14:45.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% A PLANT LIKE A FLY LANDS ON THE LITTLE SPINDLIES, THEY CURL UP 14:45.600 --> 14:48.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% LIKE YOUR FINGERS. 14:48.233 --> 14:53.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% THAT'S HOW THEY CAPTURE FLIES AND OTHER THINGS, AND SO BY 14:53.500 --> 14:57.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% ABSORBING THE ENERGY AND THE NITROGEN FROM THE INSECTS THAT 14:57.967 --> 15:03.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% LAND ON THEM, THE BLADDERWORTS AND THE SUN-DOERS ARE ABLE TO 15:03.600 --> 15:05.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% GET THE NITROGEN THEY NEED TO SURVIVE. 15:05.600 --> 15:07.934 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEY ONLY, THOUGH, NEED TO HAVE THE ANIMALS. 15:07.934 --> 15:11.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEY NOT ONLY NEED TO HAVE THE INSECTS, THEY ALSO STILL NEED 15:11.066 --> 15:12.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE SUN. 15:12.400 --> 15:15.934 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO, THEY STILL ARE ABLE TO MAKE SOME ENERGY THROUGH PHOTO 15:15.934 --> 15:19.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% SYNTHESIS, BUT THEY NEED THE ANIMALS TO GET THE NITROGEN TO 15:19.400 --> 15:21.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% MAKE THEM HEALTHY. 15:21.767 --> 15:25.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> I AM HANNAH. 15:25.033 --> 15:32.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND I AM -- I GO TO BASIN ELEMENTARY, AND I WOULD LIKE TO 15:32.800 --> 15:37.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% KNOW WHAT [INAUDIBLE] EAT. 15:37.066 --> 15:41.200 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> SNOWSHOE HEIRS EAT A LOT OF PLANT MATERIALS, SO ANY GRASSES, 15:41.200 --> 15:45.567 position:10% line:85% size:80% BUSHES, AND SOMETIMES THEY WILL FEED ON TREES. 15:45.567 --> 15:50.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> COLIN ASKS, WHY CAN'T LIONS AND TIGERS EAT PLANTS? 15:50.300 --> 15:53.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> WELL, LIONS AND TIGERS CAN EAT PLANTS, BUT THEY DON'T HAVE 15:53.233 --> 15:56.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% A DIGESTIVE SYSTEM THAT IS EQUIPPED TO HANDLE PLANT 15:56.233 --> 15:57.433 position:10% line:85% size:80% MATERIAL. 15:57.433 --> 16:02.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO, MOST HERBIVORES HAVE A LARGE COMPLEX G.I. TRACK THAT WILL, 16:02.133 --> 16:04.667 position:10% line:85% size:80% ACTUALLY, HELP THEM TO BREAK DOWN CELLULOSE, WHICH IS 16:04.667 --> 16:09.667 position:10% line:85% size:80% PROBABLY THE MAIN COMPONENT OF GRASSES AND OTHER PLANT 16:09.667 --> 16:13.200 position:10% line:85% size:80% MATERIALS, AND IT'S JUST ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE FOR ANY OTHER TYPE OF 16:13.200 --> 16:16.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% ANIMAL TO BE ABLE TO DIGEST THAT PRODUCT. 16:16.600 --> 16:20.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO, LIONS AND TIGERS, IF THEY ATE GRASS, WOULD PROBABLY JUST 16:20.033 --> 16:22.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% PASS RIGHT THROUGH THEM. 16:22.767 --> 16:25.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% AVERY WOULD LIKE TO KNOW, WHAT OTHER SCAVENGERS ARE THERE 16:25.500 --> 16:27.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% THAT'S NOT A TURKEY VULTURE? 16:27.967 --> 16:31.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> WHEN WE TALK ABOUT SCAVENGERS, A BEAR IS A 16:31.333 --> 16:31.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% SCAVENGER. 16:31.600 --> 16:35.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND GRIZZLY BEARS IN YELLOWSTONE PARK EAT A LOT OF DEAD BISON AND 16:35.600 --> 16:39.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% ELK THEY FIND, AND SOMETHING AS TINY AS A CHICKADEE, WHICH IS A 16:39.767 --> 16:46.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% TINY BIRD LIKE THIS BIG, THEY ARE EATING SUNFLOWER SEEDS OUT 16:46.333 --> 16:49.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% OF YOUR FEEDER AT HOME, BUT IF THEY FIND A DEAD POLITICAL THEY 16:49.300 --> 16:54.200 position:10% line:85% size:80% WILL PICK THE FAT OFF, AND WE HAVE WEASELS, JUST ABOUT 16:54.200 --> 16:57.567 position:10% line:85% size:80% ANYTHING THAT YOU CAN THINK OF, COULD EAT A DEAD ANIMAL. 16:57.567 --> 17:01.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% FOODS HARD TO FIND SOMETIMES, AND IF YOU ARE ANIMAL LIKE A 17:01.300 --> 17:04.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% COYOTE, YOU DON'T WANT TO RISK YOUR LIFE TRYING TO GO AFTER 17:04.133 --> 17:06.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% ANIMAL THAT'S GOING TO BITE YOU OR SCRATCH YOU OR KICK YOU IN 17:06.500 --> 17:07.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE HEAD. 17:07.333 --> 17:15.934 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO, IF YOU CAN FIND SOMETHING DEAD, ALWAYS THE FIRST CHOICE. 17:15.934 --> 17:18.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> PREDATORS PLAY A KEY ROLE IN THE FOOD WEB. 17:18.767 --> 17:21.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% DON'T FEEL TOO SORRY FOR PREY ANIMALS. 17:21.767 --> 17:24.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% PREY ANIMALS HAVE FIGURED OUT LOTS OF WAYS TO PROTECT 17:24.700 --> 17:25.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEMSELVES. 17:25.800 --> 17:29.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> ROCKY MOUNTAIN BIG HORN SAYS USE PROTECTIVE COLORING OR 17:29.066 --> 17:31.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% CAMOUFLAGE TO HIDE FROM PREDATORS. 17:31.767 --> 17:34.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEIR PALE COLOR MAKES THE SHEEP DIFFICULT TO SEE IN THE BRIGHT 17:34.967 --> 17:36.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% DESERT SURROUNDINGS. 17:36.600 --> 17:40.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% TEST YOURSELF, HOW MANY SHEEP DO YOU SEE IN THIS PICTURE? 17:40.133 --> 17:45.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% EVEN AS THE CAMERA CLOSES IN, UNTIL THEY MOVE, THE BIG HORNS 17:45.233 --> 17:46.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% ARE ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE TO SEE. 17:46.767 --> 17:50.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% OTHER PREY ANIMALS LIKE PORCUPINES HAVE CLEVER DEFENSES. 17:50.700 --> 17:57.734 position:10% line:85% size:80% IF YOU HAVE BEEN STUCK WITH A PORCUPINE, YOU KNOW, IT HURTS. 17:57.734 --> 18:03.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% MANY LARGE PREY ANIMALS LIKE ANTELOPE, DEER, AND ELK RELY ON 18:03.333 --> 18:05.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% SPEED, AND THEY ALSO HAVE EXCELLENT HEARING TO HELP THEM 18:05.767 --> 18:08.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% DETECT AND ATTACK. 18:08.400 --> 18:11.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% HERE'S ONE MORE ADAPTATION THAT HELPS MANY PREY ANIMALS. 18:11.767 --> 18:15.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% SEE HOW THE EYES ON THIS ELK ARE POSITIONED? 18:15.033 --> 18:16.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% WIDE APART ON THE SIDE OF THE HEAD. 18:16.867 --> 18:20.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% THAT GIVES AN ELK A WIDE RANGE OF VISION TO HELP SPOT AN 18:20.767 --> 18:22.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% APPROACHING PREDATOR. 18:22.600 --> 18:27.200 position:10% line:85% size:80% BUT PREY ANIMALS ARE NOT THE ONLY ONES WITH SPECIAL TRICKS. 18:27.200 --> 18:34.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% PREDATORS HAVE NIQUEY WAYS OF GETTING WHAT THEY WANT. 18:34.600 --> 18:36.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% MOST PREDATORS HAVE BINOCULAR VISION. 18:36.400 --> 18:39.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% THAT MEANS THEIR EYES ARE SET CLOSE TOGETHER SO THEY CAN LOOK 18:39.133 --> 18:43.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% STRAIGHT AHEAD AND SEE OVER GREAT DISTANCES. 18:43.867 --> 18:49.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% BINOCULAR VISION HELPS PREDATORS LIKE THIS WOLF SPOT ITS PREY. 18:49.300 --> 18:53.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% SOME PREDATORS USE EXPLOSIVE BURSTS OF SPEED TO CHASE THEIR 18:53.066 --> 18:59.433 position:10% line:85% size:80% VICTIMS SO THEY CAN RUN, SWIM, OR FLY FASTER THAN THE PREY. 18:59.433 --> 19:03.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% OTHER PREDATORS, LIKE THIS COYOTE, WAIT QUIETLY AND THEN 19:03.133 --> 19:07.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% SUDDENLY AMBUSH AN UNSUSPECTING ANIMAL. 19:07.400 --> 19:11.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% HERE'S A PREDATOR THAT WILL SCARE ALMOST ANYONE, A SNAKE. 19:11.700 --> 19:17.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% THIS BOA CONSTRICTEDDER USES SITS ENTIRE BODY TO KILL PREY. 19:17.300 --> 19:20.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEY WRAP THEMSELVES AROUND A RAT AND SQUEEZES UNTIL THE RAT 19:20.400 --> 19:21.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% IS DEAD. 19:21.500 --> 19:24.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE SNAKE GOES ABOUT THE SLOW PROCESS OF SWALLOWING ITS 19:24.867 --> 19:30.433 position:10% line:85% size:80% DINNER. 19:30.433 --> 19:32.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% AT THIS POINT, WE HAVE SEEN SOME OF THE MORE OBVIOUS PREDATORS 19:32.800 --> 19:34.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% OUT THERE. 19:34.133 --> 19:36.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% BUT, PREDATORS ARE EVERYWHERE. 19:36.233 --> 19:39.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% SOME OF THEM IN PLACES YOU MIGHT NEVER SUSPECT. 19:39.133 --> 19:42.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% DID YOU KNOW THAT MANY BIRDS ARE ALSO PREDATORS? 19:42.133 --> 19:47.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% THAT'S BECAUSE THEY, TOO, EAT OTHER ANIMALS. 19:47.233 --> 19:51.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% CHECK OUT THIS BLUE HERON. 19:51.500 --> 19:53.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% HE'S EATING A RAINBOW TROUT. 19:53.700 --> 19:56.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% ARE HIS EYES BIGGER THAN HIS STOMACH, OR WHAT? 19:56.967 --> 20:00.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% ALL IN ALL, PREDATORS ARE PRETTY CLEVER CREATURES, AND PREY 20:00.867 --> 20:02.567 position:10% line:85% size:80% ANIMALS ARE AWFULLY SMART, TOO. 20:02.567 --> 20:06.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND EVEN THOUGH PREDATORS CHASE PREY, AND PREY ARE ALWAYS TRYING 20:06.133 --> 20:10.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% TO TRICK PREDATORS, THE TWO ARE NOT WHAT YOU WOULD CL ENEMIES. 20:10.333 --> 20:13.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% IT'S MORE LIKE THEY ARE EACH TRYING TO OUTSMART THE OTHER 20:13.400 --> 20:16.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% WHILE LIVING OUT THEIR SPECIFIC ROLES IN NATURE. 20:16.233 --> 20:19.567 position:10% line:85% size:80% IN FACT, PREDATORS AND PREY DEPEND ON EACH OTHER IN WAYS YOU 20:19.567 --> 20:21.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% MIGHT NEVER EXPECT. 20:21.066 --> 20:25.667 position:10% line:85% size:80% FOR EXAMPLE, WHEN A POPULATION OF PREY ANIMALS SUFFER, THE 20:25.667 --> 20:27.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% PREDATOR OF THAT ANIMAL WILL SUFFER, TOO. 20:27.700 --> 20:31.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% DID YOU KNOW THAT EVERY TEN YEARS, THE POPULATION OF 20:31.500 --> 20:33.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% JACKRABBITS NATURALLY DROPS OFF. 20:33.767 --> 20:37.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% BOBCATS RELY ON JACKRABBITS FOR FOOD. 20:37.033 --> 20:38.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% WHAT WILL THE BOBCATS DO? 20:38.967 --> 20:42.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% WITH FEWER JACKRABBITS TO EAT, MANY BOBCATS WILL STARVE TO 20:42.333 --> 20:43.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% DEATH. 20:43.333 --> 20:47.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% IN THIS WAY, THE POPULATION OF PREY ANIMALS CONTROL THE 20:47.867 --> 20:50.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% POPULATIONS OF PREDATORS. 20:50.033 --> 20:53.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO, NEXT TIME YOU SEE A PREDATOR IN THE WILD, DON'T THINK IT'S 20:53.767 --> 20:56.433 position:10% line:85% size:80% MEAN, JUST BECAUSE IT EATS OTHER ANIMALS. 20:56.433 --> 21:07.934 position:10% line:85% size:80% PREDATORS ARE DOING JUST WHAT NATURE INTENDED. 21:07.934 --> 21:11.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> HI, I AM PAGE, AND I AM FROM BASIN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL. 21:11.133 --> 21:14.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% MY QUESTION IS, HOW MANY LINKS CAN THERE BE ON THE FOOD WEBS? 21:14.400 --> 21:17.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> IT DEPENDS ON HOW FAR YOU WANT TO GO BACK? 21:17.033 --> 21:21.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% WE CAN HAVE, STARTING WITH THE SUN, AND THEN HAVE A PLANT, USE 21:21.500 --> 21:25.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% THAT SUN TO MAKE ENERGY, AND WE HAVE AN HERBIVORE, WHICH COULD 21:25.233 --> 21:30.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% EAT AT LIKE A RABBIT, AND THEN WE HAVE CONSUMERS, OF THE 21:30.333 --> 21:32.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% RABBIT, AND SO WE HAVE ALL KINDS OF LINKS. 21:32.800 --> 21:37.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% WE COULD GO ANYWHERE FROM SIX TO SEVEN LINKS, DEPENDING ON HOW 21:37.400 --> 21:41.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% MANY ANIMALS THAT WE HAVE EAT ANOTHER ANIMAL. 21:41.700 --> 21:44.934 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> HI, I AM ELLA, I GO TO GALILEO, AND MY QUESTION IS, 21:44.934 --> 21:48.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% WHERE DOES THE FOOD WEB START? 21:48.033 --> 21:50.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> WELL, ALL FOOD WEBS HAVE TO START WITH A SOURCE OF ENERGY. 21:50.700 --> 21:56.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND SO, WHEN WE THINK OF THAT, WE THINK OF THE SUN, BECAUSE THE 21:56.033 --> 22:00.433 position:10% line:85% size:80% SUN IS THE ONLY SOURCE OF ENERGY WHEN WE THINK OF OUR PLANET, AT 22:00.433 --> 22:01.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% LEAST ON THE SURFACE. 22:01.867 --> 22:10.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND SO, PLANTS MAKE THEIR SUGAR ENERGY FROM THE SUN, THROUGH 22:10.400 --> 22:10.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% PHOTOSYNTHESIS. 22:10.800 --> 22:18.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% I ALWAYS LIKE TO THINK OF FOOD CHAINS STARTING FROM A, A SOURCE 22:18.233 --> 22:18.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% OF ENERGY. 22:18.867 --> 22:21.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% FROM THE SURFACE OF THE WORLD, THE SUN, IF WE THINK OF PLACES 22:21.600 --> 22:25.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% LIKE THE DEEP OCEANS, WHERE NO SUN CAN REACH, WE HAVE TO THINK 22:25.967 --> 22:29.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% OF STARTING, ACTUALLY, WITH KIND OF AN INTERESTING THING, WHICH 22:29.233 --> 22:31.567 position:10% line:85% size:80% ARE DEEP SEA VENTS. 22:31.567 --> 22:34.567 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEY REALLY DEEPEN THE OCEAN, RELEASE ALL KINDS OF MINERALS 22:34.567 --> 22:38.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND CHEMICALS, AND THERE IS THIS LITTLE TINY BACTERIA THAT LIVE 22:38.233 --> 22:41.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% AMONG THOSE DEEP SEA VENTS, AND THEY CAN USE THE CHEMICALS 22:41.400 --> 22:45.567 position:10% line:85% size:80% COMING OUT OF THE VENTS TO, ACTUALLY, MAKE THEIR FIRST 22:45.567 --> 22:48.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% SOURCE OF ENERGY, DEEP, DEEP IN THE OCEAN. 22:48.333 --> 22:52.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% IS A, I ALWAYS THINK OF IT COMING FROM A SOURCE OF ENERGY, 22:52.300 --> 22:56.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO FOR ME, IT WILL BE THE SUN OR THE REALLY DEEP SEA VENTS, THAT 22:56.133 --> 22:59.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE BACTERIA USE. 22:59.967 --> 23:02.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> WHAT IS A MICROBE? 23:02.400 --> 23:07.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> A MICROBE IS A REALLY SMALL LIVING BEING, THAT USUALLY WOULD 23:07.967 --> 23:14.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% BE LIKE A BACTERIA, FUNGI, VIRUS, AND SO WE THINK OF THEM 23:14.066 --> 23:18.200 position:10% line:85% size:80% BEING SUPER, SUPER TINY, WHICH IS WHY THEY ARE CALLED MICRO, 23:18.200 --> 23:20.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% WHICH IS MICROORGANISM. 23:20.767 --> 23:26.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> I GO TO GALILEO, AND MY QUESTION IS -- DOES A FOOD CHAIN 23:26.600 --> 23:28.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% ONLY HAVE FOOD IN IT? 23:28.867 --> 23:31.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> DOES A FOOD CHAIN ONLY HAVE FOOD IN IT? 23:31.300 --> 23:34.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% IT DEPENDS ON WHAT YOU THINK OF AS FOOD, I THINK. 23:34.800 --> 23:38.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% IF YOU ARE A BACTERIA, AND YOU ARE GOING TO USE SOME SORT OF A 23:38.033 --> 23:41.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% MINERAL AS YOUR FOOD, THAT'S GREAT FOR A BACTERIA, BUT MAYBE 23:41.700 --> 23:44.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% NOT FOR A HUMAN BEING. 23:44.867 --> 23:48.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO, I THINK IT ALL DEPENDS ON WHAT THE ANIMAL THINKS, FOR US 23:48.800 --> 23:53.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% WE WOULD THINK OF FOOD AS BEING A STRAWBERRY OR MAYBE A PIECE OF 23:53.333 --> 23:53.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% CHICKEN. 23:53.600 --> 23:56.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% WE DON'T NECESSARILY THINKF EATING AN INDIVIDUAL MINERAL, 23:56.500 --> 24:00.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% BUT FOR SOME, CERTAIN CREATURES LIKE A BACTERIA, THAT WOULD BE 24:00.300 --> 24:03.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE CASE. 24:03.500 --> 24:07.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> GUNNER ASKS WHY ARE PREDATORS AT THE TOP OF THE WEB? 24:07.400 --> 24:09.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> PREDATORS WOULD BE AT THE TOP OF THE FOOD WEB BECAUSE THEY ARE 24:09.333 --> 24:14.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE ONES WHO ULTIMATELY EAT THE OTHER ANIMALS, AND RETURN THE 24:14.967 --> 24:19.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% ENERGY BACK TO THE SOIL BY POOPING. 24:19.333 --> 24:23.934 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> I AM HALEY, AND I GO TO GALILEO STANLEY ACADEMY, AND MY 24:23.934 --> 24:27.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% QUESTION IS, DOES A FOOD WEB INCLUDE ALL ANIMALS? 24:27.867 --> 24:31.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> EVERYTHING IN THE WORLD IS INTERCONNECTED. 24:31.133 --> 24:37.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND SO IF YOU THINK OF IT THAT WAY, THEN THE ANSWER WOULD BE 24:37.400 --> 24:37.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% YES. 24:37.867 --> 24:39.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% EVERYTHING, IF YOU LOOK AT EVERYTHING IN THE WHOLE WORLD, 24:39.500 --> 24:44.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% ISSUE THAT THAT'S REALLY HARD TO THINK IN THAT WAY, BUT IN MY 24:44.033 --> 24:46.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% MINE, EVERYTHING WOULD HAVE TO BE CONNECTED IN ONE WAY OR 24:46.600 --> 24:51.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% ANOTHER BECAUSE WHERE DO WE ALL GET OUR ENERGY SOURCE ON THE 24:51.133 --> 24:51.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% PLANET? 24:51.400 --> 24:52.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% FOR THE MOST PART, IT'S THE SUN. 24:52.867 --> 24:56.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND THAT'S WHERE EVERYTHING STARTS. 24:56.800 --> 24:59.266 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> MADDIE ASKS, WHAT ANIMAL IS THE TOP OF THE FOOD CHAIN, AND 24:59.266 --> 25:03.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% WHAT ANIMAL IS ON THE BOTTOM OF THE CHAIN? 25:03.033 --> 25:06.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> IT REALLY WOULD DEPEND ON WHAT CHAIN YOU ARE LOOKING AT. 25:06.233 --> 25:09.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% WE ALWAYS THINK ABOUT THE TOP PREDATORS BEING AT THE TOP 25:09.500 --> 25:13.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% BECAUSE THEY ARE THE MOST LIKELY TO EAT OTHER ANIMALS AND NOT BE 25:13.300 --> 25:14.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% EATEN BY ANOTHER ANIMAL. 25:14.867 --> 25:18.934 position:10% line:85% size:80% WHO IS ON THE BOTTOM, AGAIN, DEPENDS ON WHO IS ON THE TOP, I 25:18.934 --> 25:19.200 position:10% line:85% size:80% SUPPOSE. 25:19.200 --> 25:21.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% IT CAN BE SOMETHING THAT, AS SIMPLE AS PLANTS. 25:21.700 --> 25:24.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% IT COULD BE ANOTHER SMALL CREATURE. 25:24.867 --> 25:26.934 position:10% line:85% size:80% IT'S HARD TO TELL, UNLESS YOU KNOW WHAT FOOD CHAIN YOU ARE 25:26.934 --> 25:28.934 position:10% line:85% size:80% LOOKING AT. 25:28.934 --> 25:31.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> HALEY WOULD LIKE TO KNOW, HOW DOES ENERGY PASS FROM ONE ANIMAL 25:31.967 --> 25:34.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% TO ANOTHER? 25:34.800 --> 25:37.200 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> SO, ENERGY PASSES FROM ONE ANIMAL TO ANOTHER ANIMAL WHEN 25:37.200 --> 25:38.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEY EAT SOMETHING. 25:38.600 --> 25:43.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% WHEN YOU EAT SOMETHING, YOUR BODY HAS TO BREAK ALL OF THAT, 25:43.033 --> 25:47.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% WHETHER IT'S A PLANT OR ANIMAL, DOWN INTO THIS LITTLE INDIVIDUAL 25:47.033 --> 25:47.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% COMPONENT. 25:47.333 --> 25:50.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND THEN YOUR BODY USES THAT TO MAKE YOUR -- TO MAKE CELLS IN 25:50.767 --> 25:53.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% YOUR BODY AND TO RUN YOUR BODY, TO DO THE THINGS THAT YOU NEED 25:53.800 --> 25:55.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% TO DO. 25:55.233 --> 25:58.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO, THAT'S HOW ENERGY PASSES ALONG. 25:58.967 --> 26:02.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% UNFORTUNATELY, EVERY TIME THAT ENERGY IS PASSED, WE LOSE A 26:02.066 --> 26:05.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% LITTLE BIT OF THE ENERGY BECAUSE WE, UNFORTUNATELY, NEED ENERGY 26:05.967 --> 26:10.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% TO MAKE ENERGY, AND I KNOW THAT SOUNDS STRANGE, BUT WHEN ANIMAL 26:10.500 --> 26:14.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% EATS A PLANT, IT GETS MORE ENERGY FROM THAT PLANT, THAN 26:14.300 --> 26:15.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% WHEN THE COW EATS THE PLANT. 26:15.800 --> 26:20.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND WHEN WE EAT THE COW, EVEN LESS ENERGY COMES UP THE FOOD 26:20.133 --> 26:20.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% CHAIN. 26:20.700 --> 26:25.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO, AT EACH POINT, WE LOSE A BIT OF ENERGY. 26:25.233 --> 26:27.567 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> BEFORE WE RUN OUT OF TIME, LET ME ASK, WHY DID YOU DECIDE 26:27.567 --> 26:29.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% TO BECOME A VET? 26:29.800 --> 26:33.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> WELL, I STARTED OFF LOVING SPACE AND WANTED TO BE AN 26:33.300 --> 26:35.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% ASTRONAUT AS A YOUNG CHILD, BUT SOMEWHERE ALONG THE LINE I FELL 26:35.767 --> 26:39.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% IN LOVE WITH ANIMALS, SO I HAVE DEDICATED MY LIFE AND MY CAREER 26:39.867 --> 26:44.200 position:10% line:85% size:80% TO HELPING ANIMALS, AND THAT'S HOW I BECAME A VET. 26:44.200 --> 26:46.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> ADARE, IF SOMEONE IS INTERESTED IN GETTING A JOB IN 26:46.133 --> 26:50.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% THIS FIELD, WHAT SHALL HE OR SHE STUDY IN SCHOOL? 26:50.133 --> 26:51.433 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> MATH AND SCIENCE. 26:51.433 --> 26:54.567 position:10% line:85% size:80% MATH AND SCIENCE ARE REALLY IMPORTANT. 26:54.567 --> 26:57.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% YOU DON'T HAVE TO ABSOLUTELY LOVE MATH. 26:57.800 --> 27:00.433 position:10% line:85% size:80% BUT MATH IS SUPER IMPORTANT BECAUSE EVERYTHING INVOLVES A 27:00.433 --> 27:01.433 position:10% line:85% size:80% BIT OF MATH. 27:01.433 --> 27:03.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO, STUDY HARD. 27:03.333 --> 27:06.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% READ BOOKS. 27:06.700 --> 27:07.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% LEARN MATH. 27:07.233 --> 27:10.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% READ ALL YOU CAN ABOUT SCIENCE AND MATH AND SCIENCE IS THE WAY 27:10.133 --> 27:11.133 position:10% line:85% size:80% TO GO. 27:11.133 --> 27:13.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> I'M SORRY, WE HAVE RUN OUT. 27:13.066 --> 27:13.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% TIME. 27:13.333 --> 27:16.433 position:10% line:85% size:80% THANK YOU, HOLLY ADARE, FOR ANSWERING THE STUDENTS' 27:16.433 --> 27:16.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% QUESTIONS. 27:16.767 --> 27:18.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> IT WAS GREAT FUN. 27:18.033 --> 27:19.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> IT WAS A LOT OF FUN. 27:19.033 --> 27:19.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% THANK YOU. 27:19.700 --> 27:22.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> IF YOU HAVE A QUESTION FOR ONE OF OUR FUTURE SHOWS, YOU CAN 27:22.233 --> 27:24.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% EMAIL IT OR SEND US A VIDEO QUESTION. 27:24.233 --> 27:26.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% RECORD IT ON YOUR CELL PHONE, TABLET OR WEB CAM. 27:26.500 --> 27:29.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND IF YOU ARE AN EDUCATOR, WE WILL LEND YOU A CAMERA. 27:29.600 --> 27:32.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% IF YOU SEND IN A QUESTION, YOU AND YOUR CLASS CAN WIN PRIZES. 27:32.300 --> 27:37.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% OUR LAST PRIZE WINNER WAS MCKAYLAIN AT HAWTHNE 27:37.867 --> 27:38.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% ELEMENTARY SCHOOL. 27:38.300 --> 27:42.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% TO FIND OUT ABOUT THE TOPICS, GO TO THE FOOD WEB SECTION OF 27:42.033 --> 27:47.033 position:10% line:85% size:80% SCIENCE TREK, AND FIND LESSON PLANS AND MORE, OR WATCHING 27:47.033 --> 27:50.767 position:10% line:85% size:80% SCIENCE TREK: THE WEB AND CHECK OUT MY BLOG FOR THE LATEST 27:50.767 --> 27:52.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% SCIENCE NEWS FOR KIDS. 27:52.233 --> 27:55.400 position:10% line:85% size:80% FIND IT ALL AT IDAHOPTV.ORG/SCIENCETREK. 27:55.400 --> 27:56.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% THAT I THINK SO FOR JOINING US. 27:56.700 --> 28:04.667 position:10% line:85% size:80% WE'LL SEE YOU NEXT TIME ON SCIENCE TREK. 28:21.333 --> 28:22.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% >> PRESENTATION OF SCIENCE TREK ON IDAHO PUBLIC TELEVISION IS 28:22.700 --> 28:24.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% MADE POSSIBLE THROUGH THE GENEROUS SUPPORT OF THE LAURA 28:24.867 --> 28:27.300 position:10% line:85% size:80% MOORE CUNNINGHAM FOUNDATION. 28:27.300 --> 28:30.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% COMMITTED TO FULFILLING THE MOORE FAMILY LEGACY OF BUILDING 28:30.066 --> 28:34.433 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE GREAT STATE OF IDAHO. 28:38.967 --> 28:40.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% IF YOU WANT TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THIS TOPIC OR WATCH OUVIDEOS, 28:40.333 --> 28:42.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% CHECK OUT THE SCIENCE TREK WEBSITE AT