1 00:00:04,704 --> 00:00:06,439 >>> PRESENTATION OF "SCIENCE TREK" ON IDAHO PUBLIC 2 00:00:06,439 --> 00:00:09,342 TELEVISION IS MADE POSSIBLE THROUGH THE GENEROUS SUPPORT OF 3 00:00:09,342 --> 00:00:11,077 THE LAURA MOORE CUNNINGHAM FOUNDATION, COMMITTED TO 4 00:00:11,077 --> 00:00:13,380 FULFILLING THE MOORE FAMILY LEGACY OF BUILDING THE GREAT 5 00:00:13,380 --> 00:00:16,449 STATE OF IDAHO. 6 00:00:16,449 --> 00:00:19,552 >>> YOUR MUSCLES GIVE YOUR BODY SHAPE AND MOVEMENT. 7 00:00:19,552 --> 00:00:22,655 MUSCLES HELP YOU MOVE, BREATHE, DIGEST YOUR FOOD, AND PUMP 8 00:00:22,655 --> 00:00:23,823 BLOOD AROUND YOUR BODY. 9 00:00:23,823 --> 00:00:25,291 WANT TO LEARN MORE ABOUT MUSCLES? 10 00:00:25,291 --> 00:00:27,460 WE'RE STANDING BY TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS. 11 00:00:27,460 --> 00:00:34,367 STAY TUNED, "SCIENCE TREK" IS NEXT. 12 00:00:34,367 --> 00:00:40,840 * * 13 00:00:40,840 --> 00:00:42,409 >>> HI, I'M JOAN CARTAN-HANSEN. 14 00:00:42,409 --> 00:00:45,111 WELCOME TO "SCIENCE TREK." 15 00:00:45,111 --> 00:00:47,580 AND WELCOME TO THE PORTNEUF MEDICAL CENTER HERE IN 16 00:00:47,580 --> 00:00:48,381 POCATELLO, IDAHO. 17 00:00:48,381 --> 00:00:53,153 WE'RE HERE TODAY TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS ABOUT MUSCLES AND THE 18 00:00:53,153 --> 00:00:54,387 MUSCULAR SYSTEM BUT BEFORE WE DO, LET'S LEARN A 19 00:00:54,387 --> 00:00:57,590 LITTLE BIT MORE. 20 00:00:57,590 --> 00:01:02,896 >> YOU HAVE THREE TYPES OF MUSCLES IN YOUR BODY. 21 00:01:02,896 --> 00:01:05,699 >> SKELETAL MUSCLES HELP YOU MOVE. 22 00:01:05,699 --> 00:01:10,904 >> SMOOTH MUSCLES HELP YOU EAT AND BREATHE. 23 00:01:10,904 --> 00:01:14,974 >> AND CARDIAC MUSCLES MAKE YOUR HEART BEAT. 24 00:01:14,974 --> 00:01:18,178 >> YOU HAVE ABOUT 650 MUSCLES IN YOUR BODY. 25 00:01:18,178 --> 00:01:20,113 AND THEY COME IN ALL SHAPES AND SIZES. 26 00:01:20,113 --> 00:01:27,554 SOME ARE WIDE SHEETS OF TISSUE LIKE THE MUSCLES IN YOUR BACK. 27 00:01:27,554 --> 00:01:29,089 OTHERS ARE CIRCLES OR TRIANGLES. 28 00:01:29,089 --> 00:01:31,124 SKELETAL MUSCLES ARE MADE UP OF LOG-SHAPED FIBERS WITH HUNDREDS 29 00:01:31,124 --> 00:01:32,192 AND HUNDREDS OF STRANDS. 30 00:01:32,192 --> 00:01:34,661 THE THINNEST STRANDS OVERLAP ONE ANOTHER, LIKE FINGERS LACED 31 00:01:34,661 --> 00:01:37,030 TOGETHER. 32 00:01:37,030 --> 00:01:39,566 THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF FIBERS, FAST TWITCH FIBERS CONTRACT 33 00:01:39,566 --> 00:01:43,570 QUICKLY, GIVING YOU A BURST OF ENERGY, AND SLOW TWITCH FIBERS 34 00:01:43,570 --> 00:01:46,473 PROVIDE YOUR MUSCLES WITH A SUSTAINED RELEASE, SO THE 35 00:01:46,473 --> 00:01:48,475 MUSCLE CAN ACT LONGER. 36 00:01:48,475 --> 00:01:52,746 SOME SKELETAL MUSCLES ARE ATTACHED TO YOUR SKIN OR OTHER 37 00:01:52,746 --> 00:01:55,949 MUSCLES, BUT MOST ARE ATTACHED TO BONES WITH TENDONS. 38 00:01:55,949 --> 00:01:56,950 WIGGLE YOUR FINGERS. 39 00:01:56,950 --> 00:01:59,419 YOU CAN SEE CORDS JUST UNDER YOUR SKIN. 40 00:01:59,419 --> 00:02:01,888 THESE ARE THE TENDONS CONNECTING MUSCLES IN YOUR 41 00:02:01,888 --> 00:02:06,426 LOWER ARM TO YOUR FINGER BONES. 42 00:02:06,426 --> 00:02:07,327 SKELETAL MUSCLES WORK IN PAIRS. 43 00:02:07,327 --> 00:02:09,863 WHEN YOU LIFT SOMETHING, ONE MUSCLE CONTRACTS OR TIGHTENS 44 00:02:09,863 --> 00:02:13,333 AND THE OTHER MUSCLE RELAXES OR LOOSENS. 45 00:02:13,333 --> 00:02:15,902 THE CONTRACTING AND RELAXING ACTION PULLS UP THE MUSCLE AND 46 00:02:15,902 --> 00:02:18,638 YOUR ARM BONE. 47 00:02:18,638 --> 00:02:24,911 >> AND IT TAKES MORE THAN 300 MUSCLES WORKING TOGETHER JUST 48 00:02:24,911 --> 00:02:26,713 TO TAKE ONE SINGLE STEP. 49 00:02:26,713 --> 00:02:31,184 >> MUSCLES ARE THE MEAT OF THE BODY. 50 00:02:31,184 --> 00:02:33,286 THEY MAKE UP ABOUT A THIRD TO HALF OF YOUR BODY WEIGHT. 51 00:02:33,286 --> 00:02:35,121 MUSCLES ARE LOADED WITH BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES. 52 00:02:35,121 --> 00:02:37,257 BLOOD BRINGS MUSCLES FOOD AND OXYGEN SO THEY CAN WORK AND 53 00:02:37,257 --> 00:02:40,126 TAKE AWAY WASTE PRODUCTS. 54 00:02:40,126 --> 00:02:42,195 AND SIGNALS FROM YOUR BRAIN TRAVEL THROUGH THE NERVES TO 55 00:02:42,195 --> 00:02:45,031 TELL YOU MUSCLES WHAT TO DO. 56 00:02:45,031 --> 00:02:48,902 SKELETAL MUSCLES ARE VOLUNTARY, THAT IS YOU CAN CONTROL THEM. 57 00:02:48,902 --> 00:02:52,572 SMOOTH MUSCLES ARE INVOLUNTARY, THAT IS THEY WORK WITHOUT YOU 58 00:02:52,572 --> 00:02:53,673 HAVING TO THINK ABOUT THEM. 59 00:02:53,673 --> 00:02:57,210 SMOOTH MUSCLES ARE FOUND IN PLACES LIKE THE WALLS OF YOUR 60 00:02:57,210 --> 00:02:59,045 STOMACH AND BLOOD VESSELS. 61 00:02:59,045 --> 00:03:04,784 WHEN YOU GET COLD, TINY SMOOTH MUSCLES PULL ON THE HAIRS OF 62 00:03:04,784 --> 00:03:06,052 YOUR SKIN AND YOU GET GOOSEBUMPS. 63 00:03:06,052 --> 00:03:07,887 CARDIAC MUSCLES ARE ALSO INVOLUNTARY AND THEY EXIST ONLY 64 00:03:07,887 --> 00:03:09,856 IN YOUR HEART. 65 00:03:09,856 --> 00:03:12,625 AND UNLIKE OTHER MUSCLES, IT NEVER GETS TIRED. 66 00:03:12,625 --> 00:03:17,097 CARDIAC MUSCLES CONTRACT TO SQUEEZE BLOOD OUT OF YOUR HEART 67 00:03:17,097 --> 00:03:19,332 AND RELAX TO FILL YOUR HEART WITH BLOOD. 68 00:03:19,332 --> 00:03:21,067 YOU CAN INJURE YOUR MUSCLES. 69 00:03:21,067 --> 00:03:22,969 MUSCLE STRAINS HAPPEN WHEN MUSCLE FIBERS STRETCH TOO FAR 70 00:03:22,969 --> 00:03:25,171 OR TEAR. 71 00:03:25,171 --> 00:03:27,340 BUT WITH ICE AND REST, YOUR BODY CAN USUALLY HEAL ITSELF IN 72 00:03:27,340 --> 00:03:30,443 TIME. 73 00:03:30,443 --> 00:03:34,014 YOU CAN KEEP YOUR MUSCLES HEALTHY BY EATING RIGHT, LOTS 74 00:03:34,014 --> 00:03:36,716 OF VITAMINS, MINERALS AND PROTEIN, BY DRINKING WATER AND 75 00:03:36,716 --> 00:03:38,118 BY KEEPING YOUR MUSCLES STRONG. 76 00:03:38,118 --> 00:03:42,555 AND THE BEST WAY TO DO THAT IS TO EXERCISE. 77 00:03:42,555 --> 00:03:44,557 >> IF YOU DON'T EXERCISE, YOUR MUSCLES CAN SHRINK AND LOSE 78 00:03:44,557 --> 00:03:47,027 STRENGTH. 79 00:03:47,027 --> 00:03:53,466 SO GET ACTIVE EVERY DAY. 80 00:03:53,466 --> 00:03:57,904 >>> JOINING ME NOW TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS ABOUT MUSCLES 81 00:03:57,904 --> 00:04:01,608 AND THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM IS DR. TONY JOSEPH, A MEMBER OF 82 00:04:01,608 --> 00:04:03,343 THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF FAMILY PHYSICIANS, THE IDAHO ACADEMY 83 00:04:03,343 --> 00:04:04,878 OF FAMILY PHYSICIANS AND THE AMERICAN MEDICAL SOCIETY OF 84 00:04:04,878 --> 00:04:05,945 SPORTS MEDICINE. 85 00:04:05,945 --> 00:04:09,315 THANK YOU FOR JOINING US. 86 00:04:09,315 --> 00:04:12,519 >> IT'S GREAT TO BE HERE AND THIS IS A GREAT OPPORTUNITY FOR 87 00:04:12,519 --> 00:04:13,153 ME, AS WELL. 88 00:04:13,153 --> 00:04:19,426 >> OKAY, LET'S GO TO YOUR QUESTIONS. 89 00:04:19,426 --> 00:04:19,993 >> HI. 90 00:04:19,993 --> 00:04:22,529 MY NAME IS DEBORAH. 91 00:04:22,529 --> 00:04:26,332 AND MY QUESTION IS WHAT ARE MUSCLES MADE OF? 92 00:04:26,332 --> 00:04:30,904 >> MUSCLES ARE MADE OUT OF A SUBSTANCE CALLED PROTEIN AND 93 00:04:30,904 --> 00:04:38,111 PROTEIN IS WHAT MAKES UP THE MAKEUP OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE 94 00:04:38,111 --> 00:04:41,247 MUSCLE AND THAT'S WHAT HOLDS IT TOGETHER. 95 00:04:41,247 --> 00:04:42,716 >> MY NAME IS BETTY. 96 00:04:42,716 --> 00:04:48,822 AND MY QUESTION IS CAN YOU TRANSPLANT A MUSCLE? 97 00:04:48,822 --> 00:04:52,192 >> ONE OF THE MUSCLES YOU CAN TRANSPLANT AT THIS TIME, IS A 98 00:04:52,192 --> 00:04:55,829 HEART MUSCLE AND IT'S ONE ALMOST EVERY DAY AROUND THE 99 00:04:55,829 --> 00:05:00,967 WORLD AND THERE ARE VARIOUS PROGRAMS TO SAVE THE HEART, 100 00:05:00,967 --> 00:05:06,506 WHICH IS ONE BIG MUSCLE, AND TRANSPLANT IT INTO ANOTHER 101 00:05:06,506 --> 00:05:07,207 PERSON. 102 00:05:07,207 --> 00:05:09,576 >> HI, MY NAME IS AMY. 103 00:05:09,576 --> 00:05:15,482 AND I'M WONDERING HOW MANY MUSCLES DO WE HAVE IN OUR BODY? 104 00:05:15,482 --> 00:05:19,619 >> WE HAVE APPROXIMATELY 650 MUSCLES IN OUR BODY. 105 00:05:19,619 --> 00:05:27,694 >> HI, MY NAME IS KENDRA. 106 00:05:27,694 --> 00:05:34,067 MY QUESTION IS WHY DO MUSCLES HURT AFTER EXERCISE? 107 00:05:34,067 --> 00:05:38,638 >> WELL, THERE'S TWO REASONS WHY OUR MUSCLES HURT AFTER WE 108 00:05:38,638 --> 00:05:39,105 EXERCISE. 109 00:05:39,105 --> 00:05:43,009 IMMEDIATELY AFTER EXERCISE, OUR MUSCLES WILL ACCUMULATE A 110 00:05:43,009 --> 00:05:47,814 SUBSTANCE CALLED LACTIC ACID AND THAT LACTIC ACID, WHEN IT'S 111 00:05:47,814 --> 00:05:52,519 IN YOUR MUSCLES, WILL CAUSE YOUR MUSCLES TO BURN AND ACHE. 112 00:05:52,519 --> 00:05:56,656 THERE'S ALSO A DELAYED RESPONSE, ONE OR TWO CLAUSE 113 00:05:56,656 --> 00:06:02,462 LATER IF YOU NOTICE WHEN YOU RUN HARD, YOUR MUSCLES ACHE. 114 00:06:02,462 --> 00:06:06,399 THEY ACTUALLY BREAK DOWN AND IT TEARS THE CELLULAR STRUCTURE OF 115 00:06:06,399 --> 00:06:07,033 THE MUSCLES. 116 00:06:07,033 --> 00:06:11,671 THAT FORCES OR GIVES YOUR BODY STIMULUS TO MAKE A STRONGER 117 00:06:11,671 --> 00:06:16,976 MUSCLE AND IT WILL COME BACK THE NEXT TIME BEING STRONGER. 118 00:06:16,976 --> 00:06:20,680 >> REESE WOULD LIKE TO KNOW HOW COME WE SHIVER OR GET 119 00:06:20,680 --> 00:06:24,250 GOOSEBUMPS WHEN WE'RE COLD OR SCARED? 120 00:06:24,250 --> 00:06:29,422 >> WHAT WE HAVE IN OUR SKIN IS A SERIES OF INVOLUNTARY 121 00:06:29,422 --> 00:06:35,362 MUSCLES, MUSCLES THAT WE DON'T TELL TO CONTRACT. 122 00:06:35,362 --> 00:06:40,233 WHEN THESE MUSCLES CONTRACT, THEY PINCH UP OUR SKIN IN A 123 00:06:40,233 --> 00:06:45,538 METHOD THAT CREATES LITTLE BUMPS WE CALL GOOSEBUMPS OR 124 00:06:45,538 --> 00:06:48,274 GOOSEFLESH AND THOSE LITTLE BUMPS ARE A WAY OF TELLING OUR 125 00:06:48,274 --> 00:06:52,545 SKIN TO TAKE THAT BLOOD THAT NORMALLY GOES TO IT AND DIVERT 126 00:06:52,545 --> 00:06:57,450 IT BACK INTO OUR BODY AND THAT WAY WE CAN KEEP THAT WARM BLOOD 127 00:06:57,450 --> 00:07:00,120 INSIDE OF OURSELVES. 128 00:07:00,120 --> 00:07:07,027 WE ALSO SHIVER AS A WAY TO CONTRACT OUR MUSCLES. 129 00:07:07,027 --> 00:07:09,662 AGAIN, WE DON'T TELL OUR MUSCLES TO DO THAT. 130 00:07:09,662 --> 00:07:11,664 USUALLY, AFTER WE GET GOOSEBUMPS, WE'LL START 131 00:07:11,664 --> 00:07:17,137 SHIVERING AND THAT SHIVERING IS OUR MUSCLES GENERATING ENERGY. 132 00:07:17,137 --> 00:07:19,773 THAT ENERGY THAT THEY ALREADY HAVE STORED IN THEM TO CREATE 133 00:07:19,773 --> 00:07:25,412 MORE HEAT FOR OUR BODIES. 134 00:07:25,412 --> 00:07:26,413 >> HI. 135 00:07:26,413 --> 00:07:30,850 MY QUESTION IS WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT MUSCLE IN YOUR BODY? 136 00:07:30,850 --> 00:07:34,621 >> WELL, THAT'S A MATTER OF OPINION AND IT DEPENDS ON 137 00:07:34,621 --> 00:07:37,891 CERTAIN PEOPLE'S OPINION ABOUT THAT. 138 00:07:37,891 --> 00:07:42,696 BUT I WOULD HAVE TO SAY THAT OUR HEART IS OUR MOST IMPORTANT 139 00:07:42,696 --> 00:07:46,366 MUSCLE BECAUSE WITHOUT THAT, IF IT STOPS FUNCTIONING, THEN WE 140 00:07:46,366 --> 00:07:49,102 STOP FUNCTIONING. 141 00:07:49,102 --> 00:07:53,907 SO I WOULD HANDS DOWN MY CHOICE WOULD BE THE HEART. 142 00:07:53,907 --> 00:07:58,845 >> HI, MY NAME IS TONY. 143 00:07:58,845 --> 00:08:02,115 MY QUESTION IS WHY IS EXERCISING IMPORTANT FOR THE 144 00:08:02,115 --> 00:08:03,650 HEALTHY MUSCLES? 145 00:08:03,650 --> 00:08:07,854 >> WELL, TONY, THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION BECAUSE A LOT OF 146 00:08:07,854 --> 00:08:13,927 PEOPLE DON'T SEE THE REASON FOR EXERCISE, BUT EXERCISE DOES 147 00:08:13,927 --> 00:08:17,964 SEVERAL THINGS: IT NOT ONLY STRENGTHENS THE MUSCLES OF YOUR 148 00:08:17,964 --> 00:08:21,835 WHOLE BODY AND HOLDS YOUR SKELETON TOGETHER BUT IT ALSO 149 00:08:21,835 --> 00:08:26,673 STRENGTHENS YOUR HEART AND YOUR HEART REQUIRES EXERCISE TO MAKE 150 00:08:26,673 --> 00:08:29,242 IT STRONGER THAN JUST EVERYDAY LIFE. 151 00:08:29,242 --> 00:08:33,580 SO IF SOMETHING HAPPENS TO YOU, IT CAN RESPOND TO THAT WITH 152 00:08:33,580 --> 00:08:34,881 MORE FORCE. 153 00:08:34,881 --> 00:08:39,052 WE NEED EXTRA FORCE IN OUR MUSCLES OF OUR BODY AND OUR 154 00:08:39,052 --> 00:08:43,690 HEART TO KEEP US GOING THROUGHOUT OUR LIFETIME. 155 00:08:43,690 --> 00:08:48,328 >> KYLE WOULD LIKE TO KNOW ARE ALL MUSCLES MADE OF THE SAME 156 00:08:48,328 --> 00:08:48,695 THING? 157 00:08:48,695 --> 00:08:50,897 >> WELL, WE HAVE DIFFERENT MUSCLES IN OUR BODIES. 158 00:08:50,897 --> 00:08:54,534 IN OUR VOLUNTARY MUSCLES THEY ARE MADE OF THE SAME PROTEINS 159 00:08:54,534 --> 00:08:57,804 AND THE SAME STRUCTURAL MAKEUP. 160 00:08:57,804 --> 00:09:02,308 THE SAME HOLDS TRUE FOR OUR INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES, EITHER IN 161 00:09:02,308 --> 00:09:04,911 THE SMOOTH OR CARDIAC MUSCLES. 162 00:09:04,911 --> 00:09:09,382 THEY'RE MADE UP OF -- THEY ARE A LITTLE BIT DIFFERENT IN THEIR 163 00:09:09,382 --> 00:09:14,954 STRUCTURE, BUT ALL OF THOSE CATEGORIES OF MUSCLES HAVE THE 164 00:09:14,954 --> 00:09:16,923 SAME SUBSTANCE. 165 00:09:16,923 --> 00:09:20,460 >> HELLO, MY NAME IS JENNIFER. 166 00:09:20,460 --> 00:09:24,130 AND MY QUESTION IS WHAT IS THE BIGGEST MUSCLE? 167 00:09:24,130 --> 00:09:25,832 >> JENNIFER, THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION. 168 00:09:25,832 --> 00:09:29,669 THE THICKEST MUSCLE IN THE BODY IS THE GLUTEUS MAXIMUS. 169 00:09:29,669 --> 00:09:32,939 THAT IS THE MUSCLE THAT'S BEHIND YOU, YOUR BOTTOM, OR 170 00:09:32,939 --> 00:09:36,876 YOUR BUTT AND IT'S SOMETHING YOU SIT ON BUT IT'S ALSO A VERY 171 00:09:36,876 --> 00:09:40,947 POWERFUL MUSCLE USED FOR RUNNING, JUMPING AND A LOT OF 172 00:09:40,947 --> 00:09:44,617 THE ACTIVITIES THAT YOU DO TO CONTROL YOUR LEGS. 173 00:09:44,617 --> 00:09:47,620 >> HI, MY NAME IS JADEN. 174 00:09:47,620 --> 00:09:52,726 AND MY QUESTION IS DO MUSCLES HAVE FLUIDS IN THEM? 175 00:09:52,726 --> 00:09:54,527 >> MUSCLES HAVE FLUID IN THEM. 176 00:09:54,527 --> 00:09:58,898 THEY HAVE A VERY LARGE BLOOD SUPPLY, WHICH THE MAJORITY OF 177 00:09:58,898 --> 00:10:03,336 FLOOD IS FLUID AND WITHIN THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE WE HAVE 178 00:10:03,336 --> 00:10:10,744 WATER, WATER HELPS CARRY SOME OF THE CALCIUM AND OTHER 179 00:10:10,744 --> 00:10:20,253 SUBSTANCES THAT HELP THE MUSCLES FUNCTION AND CONTRACT. 180 00:10:20,253 --> 00:10:22,889 >> THE SMALLEST MUSCLE IN YOUR BODY IS IN YOUR EAR. 181 00:10:22,889 --> 00:10:26,092 IT'S SMALLER THAN A GRAIN OF RICE AND MOVES SMALL BONES THAT 182 00:10:26,092 --> 00:10:26,926 HELP YOU HEAR. 183 00:10:26,926 --> 00:10:29,295 THE LONGEST MUSCLES ARE IN YOUR LEGS. 184 00:10:29,295 --> 00:10:31,998 THEY STRETCH FROM YOUR HIPS TO THE INSIDE OF YOUR KNEES. 185 00:10:31,998 --> 00:10:40,774 BY THE WAY, MUSCLES NEVER PUSH BODY PARTS, THEY ALWAYS PULL. 186 00:10:40,774 --> 00:10:43,843 >> HI, MY NAME IS ISABELLA. 187 00:10:43,843 --> 00:10:47,113 AND MY QUESTION IS DO BOYS DEVELOP MORE MUSCLES THAN GIRLS 188 00:10:47,113 --> 00:10:50,750 AND, IF SO, THEN WHY? 189 00:10:50,750 --> 00:10:55,755 >> FOR MUSCLES, THE SAME NUMBER OF MUSCLES DEVELOP IN GIRLS AS 190 00:10:55,755 --> 00:10:56,389 BOYS. 191 00:10:56,389 --> 00:11:02,162 BOYS JUST TEND TO GET BIGGER MUSCLES BECAUSE THEY HAVE MORE 192 00:11:02,162 --> 00:11:05,799 OF A HORMONE CALLED TESTOSTERONE AND TESTOSTERONE 193 00:11:05,799 --> 00:11:10,270 TENDS TO MAKE BOYS' MUSCLES BIGGER BUT WOMEN HAVE IT AS 194 00:11:10,270 --> 00:11:15,542 WELL AND CAN DEVELOP MUSCLES EQUALLY IN THE SAME NUMBER AS 195 00:11:15,542 --> 00:11:15,909 MEN. 196 00:11:15,909 --> 00:11:20,347 >> COLE WOULD LIKE TO KNOW WHAT KEEPS OUR MUSCLES IN PLACE? 197 00:11:20,347 --> 00:11:23,116 >> WELL, THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION, COLE, BECAUSE THERE'S 198 00:11:23,116 --> 00:11:25,285 SEVERAL THINGS THAT KEEP IT IN PLACE. 199 00:11:25,285 --> 00:11:31,925 WE HAVE A SERIES OF MEMBRANES THAT GO AROUND THE MUSCLES THAT 200 00:11:31,925 --> 00:11:35,528 HOLD IT AND KEEP ITS SHAPE OR FORM. 201 00:11:35,528 --> 00:11:39,566 SOME OF THE FORMS ARE FLAT, SOME OF THEM ARE MORE OF A 202 00:11:39,566 --> 00:11:44,371 FEATHER OR WHAT WE CALL A PENNATE STRUCTURE ON EITHER END 203 00:11:44,371 --> 00:11:48,274 IT'S ANCHORED TO A BONE, EITHER THROUGH A TENDON OR ANOTHER 204 00:11:48,274 --> 00:11:55,115 ATTACHMENT POINT AND THAT GIVES IT ITS RESTING SHAPE. 205 00:11:55,115 --> 00:11:57,484 >> HELLO, MY NAME IS JACKSON. 206 00:11:57,484 --> 00:12:02,155 AND MY QUESTION IS HOW CAN YOU KEEP YOUR MUSCLES HEALTHY? 207 00:12:02,155 --> 00:12:05,425 >> ONE OF THE THINGS TO KEEP YOUR MUSCLES HEALTHY IS TO 208 00:12:05,425 --> 00:12:05,792 EXERCISE. 209 00:12:05,792 --> 00:12:11,331 IF YOU EXERCISE EVERY DAY, EITHER BY TWO DIFFERENT TYPES 210 00:12:11,331 --> 00:12:17,637 OF EXERCISES, LIFTING WEIGHTS OR RUNNING OR SOME SORT OF 211 00:12:17,637 --> 00:12:20,807 SPORTING ACTIVITY, YOUR MUSCLES WILL STAY STRONG AND HEALTHY 212 00:12:20,807 --> 00:12:24,277 AND KEEP THEM FROM TEARING. 213 00:12:24,277 --> 00:12:29,249 >> HI, MY NAME IS LUKE. 214 00:12:29,249 --> 00:12:33,453 MY QUESTION IS WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FAST TWITCH 215 00:12:33,453 --> 00:12:36,456 MUSCLES AND SLOW TWITCH MUSCLES? 216 00:12:36,456 --> 00:12:39,826 >> OUR BODY HAS TWO TYPES OF VOLUNTARY MUSCLES. 217 00:12:39,826 --> 00:12:46,032 SLOW TWITCH MUSCLES ARE MOSTLY THE MUSCLES THAT WE USE EVERY 218 00:12:46,032 --> 00:12:53,907 DAY TO WALK, TO DO MOVEMENTS THAT DON'T REQUIRE WHAT I WOULD 219 00:12:53,907 --> 00:12:56,109 CALL EXPLOSIVE ENERGY. 220 00:12:56,109 --> 00:13:01,881 IF YOU JOG AT A VERY SLOW RATE, YOU USE SLOW TWITCH MUSCLES. 221 00:13:01,881 --> 00:13:06,052 THEY HAVE A LOT MORE BLOOD FLOWING TO THEM AND CAN USE 222 00:13:06,052 --> 00:13:07,687 ENERGY VERY SLOWLY. 223 00:13:07,687 --> 00:13:11,891 FAST TWITCH MUSCLES ARE USED WHEN YOU'RE FORCED TO SPRINT OR 224 00:13:11,891 --> 00:13:18,264 RUN AND THOSE MUSCLES HAVE A SYSTEM WHERE THEY USE ENERGY 225 00:13:18,264 --> 00:13:24,337 VERY QUICKLY AND STORE ENERGY SO THAT YOU CAN TAKE OFF VERY 226 00:13:24,337 --> 00:13:24,738 FAST. 227 00:13:24,738 --> 00:13:30,076 >> MORGAN WOULD LIKE TO KNOW HOW STRONG CAN YOUR MUSCLES BE? 228 00:13:30,076 --> 00:13:33,246 >> WELL, THERE ARE CERTAIN LIMITATIONS TO HOW STRONG OUR 229 00:13:33,246 --> 00:13:34,014 MUSCLES CAN BE. 230 00:13:34,014 --> 00:13:37,617 OUR MUSCLES CAN BE ONLY AS STRONG AS THE TENDONS THAT HOLD 231 00:13:37,617 --> 00:13:38,351 THEM TOGETHER. 232 00:13:38,351 --> 00:13:44,190 IF OUR MUSCLES BECOME STRONGER THAN OUR TENDONS, THEN THEY 233 00:13:44,190 --> 00:13:47,527 WILL PULL OR TEAR OUR TENDONS OFF OUR BONES. 234 00:13:47,527 --> 00:13:51,998 SO THEY CAN BE STRONG TO A CERTAIN EXTENT BUT WE'VE FOUND 235 00:13:51,998 --> 00:13:55,568 OUT THROUGH RESEARCH THAT A LOT OF THE RESEARCH IS CATTLE OR 236 00:13:55,568 --> 00:14:03,243 COWS, THAT WE CAN MAKE MUSCLES STRONGER THAN WE REALIZE, EVEN 237 00:14:03,243 --> 00:14:04,310 10, 20 YEARS AGO. 238 00:14:04,310 --> 00:14:07,714 SO THE LIMITS OF A MUSCLE'S STRENGTH ARE STILL BEING 239 00:14:07,714 --> 00:14:10,884 REALIZED AT THIS POINT IN TIME. 240 00:14:10,884 --> 00:14:15,321 BUT IT WON'T BE INFINITE. 241 00:14:15,321 --> 00:14:17,691 IT WILL BE THE LIMITATIONS OF THE SCHEDULEICAL SYSTEM AND 242 00:14:17,691 --> 00:14:20,527 WHAT CAN HOLD US TOGETHER. 243 00:14:20,527 --> 00:14:25,432 >> MY NAME IS LIN. 244 00:14:25,432 --> 00:14:29,536 MY QUESTION IS HOW DO INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES DO WHAT 245 00:14:29,536 --> 00:14:30,503 THEY DO? 246 00:14:30,503 --> 00:14:32,639 >> THAT IS A GREAT QUESTION. 247 00:14:32,639 --> 00:14:35,542 THE INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES ARE CONNECTED TO YOUR NERVOUS 248 00:14:35,542 --> 00:14:42,916 SYSTEM AND TO YOUR BRAIN AND, FOR EXAMPLE, WITH YOUR HEART, 249 00:14:42,916 --> 00:14:46,519 THE MUSCLES HAVE A SET OF PACEMAKERS THAT MOVE THE 250 00:14:46,519 --> 00:14:49,656 MUSCLES AT A SET AMOUNT OF TIME. 251 00:14:49,656 --> 00:14:54,661 WHEN YOU EAT, THE SMOOTH MUSCLES OF YOUR ESOPHAGUS AND 252 00:14:54,661 --> 00:14:58,198 STOMACH KNOW THAT IT'S TIME TO CONTRACT THROUGH FEEDBACK 253 00:14:58,198 --> 00:15:00,867 MECHANISMS TO YOUR BRAIN. 254 00:15:00,867 --> 00:15:04,404 >> HI, MY NAME IS STEPHEN. 255 00:15:04,404 --> 00:15:08,842 MY QUESTION IS HOW DO MUSCLES WORK? 256 00:15:08,842 --> 00:15:14,247 >> MUSCLES WORK TOGETHER SORT OF A TEAMWORK APPROACH, WHILE 257 00:15:14,247 --> 00:15:17,417 ONE MUSCLE PULLS, THE OTHER ONE PUSHES. 258 00:15:17,417 --> 00:15:19,319 THAT IS THEY GO OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS. 259 00:15:19,319 --> 00:15:26,626 THAT WAY, YOUR BODY ISN'T LOOSE AND FLOPPY AND WE HAVE MUSCLES 260 00:15:26,626 --> 00:15:30,363 THAT WORK TOGETHER, THAT IS ONE MUSCLE KNOWS WHAT THE OTHER 261 00:15:30,363 --> 00:15:35,869 MUSCLE IS DOING AND SO WE BALANCE THESE MUSCLES OUT 262 00:15:35,869 --> 00:15:37,904 THROUGHOUT OUR BODIES. 263 00:15:37,904 --> 00:15:40,874 >> CARL WOULD LIKE TO KNOW HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE FOR MUSCLES 264 00:15:40,874 --> 00:15:43,910 TO GROW STRONGER? 265 00:15:43,910 --> 00:15:47,714 >> ALL RIGHT, FOR OUR MUSCLES TO GROW STRONGER, WE TYPICALLY, 266 00:15:47,714 --> 00:15:50,550 IF WE WANT TO MAKE THEM STRONGER, FOR EXAMPLE, LIFTING 267 00:15:50,550 --> 00:15:56,256 HEAVIER OBJECTS OR WEIGHTS, IF WE WERE IN ANCIENT GREECE, WE 268 00:15:56,256 --> 00:16:00,393 WOULD BE LIFTING CALVES OR COWS, THAT'S HOW THEY GOT 269 00:16:00,393 --> 00:16:04,230 STRONGER, AND IT TAKES ONE TO TWO DAYS TO GET A RESPONSE FROM 270 00:16:04,230 --> 00:16:08,468 OUR MUSCLES AFTER THEY BREAK DOWN TO TELL THEM TO GROW. 271 00:16:08,468 --> 00:16:13,673 AND AFTER THAT, IT TAKES ONE TO TWO WEEKS FOR THOSE MUSCLES TO 272 00:16:13,673 --> 00:16:18,044 GROW STRONGER. 273 00:16:18,044 --> 00:16:21,047 >> YOU HAVE ONE MUSCLE IN YOUR BODY THAT'S LIKE NO OTHER. 274 00:16:21,047 --> 00:16:22,048 IT'S YOUR HEART. 275 00:16:22,048 --> 00:16:25,885 SO LET'S LEARN A LITTLE BIT MORE. 276 00:16:25,885 --> 00:16:28,355 >> TUCKED SAFELY WITHIN YOUR CHEST IS YOUR HEART. 277 00:16:28,355 --> 00:16:31,725 IT'S ACTUALLY A MUSCLE, ABOUT THE SIZE OF YOUR FIST AND WITH 278 00:16:31,725 --> 00:16:35,895 EVERY SQUEEZE, YOUR HEART FILLS WITH BLOOD AND THEN EMPTIES 279 00:16:35,895 --> 00:16:36,262 OUT. 280 00:16:36,262 --> 00:16:40,000 THAT POUNDING YOU FEEL IS CALLED THE HEARTBEAT. 281 00:16:40,000 --> 00:16:43,503 PUT YOUR HAND ON THE SIDE OF YOUR NECK OR RIGHT UNDERNEATH 282 00:16:43,503 --> 00:16:45,538 YOUR WRIST AND YOU CAN FEEL IT BEATING. 283 00:16:45,538 --> 00:16:49,342 IT BEATS EVERY MINUTE, EVERY DAY AND NIGHT, NO MATTER WHAT 284 00:16:49,342 --> 00:16:50,443 YOU'RE DOING. 285 00:16:50,443 --> 00:16:54,547 THE HEART SENDS BLOOD THROUGHOUT YOUR ENTIRE BODY AND 286 00:16:54,547 --> 00:16:59,052 IT'S NO SMALL TASK, PUMPING BLOOD TO AND FROM EVERY VEIN 287 00:16:59,052 --> 00:17:00,387 AND BLOOD VESSELS. 288 00:17:00,387 --> 00:17:03,857 IF YOUR BLOOD VESSELS WERE STRETCHED END TO END, THEY 289 00:17:03,857 --> 00:17:05,558 WOULD CIRCLE THE GLOBE THREE TIMES. 290 00:17:05,558 --> 00:17:08,561 IN A GROWNUP, A HEART BEATS ABOUT 70 TIMES A MINUTE. 291 00:17:08,561 --> 00:17:12,198 IN AN 8-YEAR-OLD, IT'S ABOUT 90 BEATS A MINUTE. 292 00:17:12,198 --> 00:17:17,504 AND IN A NEWBORN BABY, THE HEART BEATS AROUND 140 BEATS 293 00:17:17,504 --> 00:17:18,505 PER MINUTE. 294 00:17:18,505 --> 00:17:22,042 WHEN YOU KICK UP A STORM AT TAI KWAN DO OR RUN HARD WITH YOUR 295 00:17:22,042 --> 00:17:25,412 FRIENDS AT A PLAYGROUND, YOUR HEART PUMPS FASTER AND PUMPS 296 00:17:25,412 --> 00:17:29,315 MORE BLOOD TO FEED OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS TO YOUR MUSCLES. 297 00:17:29,315 --> 00:17:31,885 WHEN YOU'RE SITTING STILL OR READ, IT DOESN'T PUMP AS HARD. 298 00:17:31,885 --> 00:17:34,421 SO HOW DOES IT KNOW WHEN YOU'RE CHANGING GEARS? 299 00:17:34,421 --> 00:17:38,158 YOUR HEART IS KIND OF LIKE A SMALL, EFFICIENT POWER PLANT. 300 00:17:38,158 --> 00:17:40,427 IT'S CONSTANTLY AWARE OF WHAT THE REST OF YOUR BODY IS DOING 301 00:17:40,427 --> 00:17:43,363 AND WHAT ENERGY YOU NEED TO KICK INTO ACTION. 302 00:17:43,363 --> 00:17:46,232 YOUR HEART DOES THAT BY GENERATING AN ELECTRICAL 303 00:17:46,232 --> 00:17:46,633 IMPULSE. 304 00:17:46,633 --> 00:17:49,069 IT SENDS SIGNALS ALL OVER YOUR BODY, EVERYTHING FROM YOUR 305 00:17:49,069 --> 00:17:54,341 FINGERS TO YOUR TOES GETS A ZAP OF ENERGY NEEDED TO GET GOING. 306 00:17:54,341 --> 00:17:58,378 KEEPING YOUR HEART HEALTHY IS IMPORTANT TO STAYING HEALTHY. 307 00:17:58,378 --> 00:18:01,281 SOMETIMES, PARTS OF THE HEART CAN GET CLOGGED, THAT'S THE 308 00:18:01,281 --> 00:18:03,049 SIGN OF A VERY SERIOUS ILLNESS. 309 00:18:03,049 --> 00:18:06,052 IT'S CALLED CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. 310 00:18:06,052 --> 00:18:09,189 AND IT'S THE NUMBER ONE CAUSE OF DEATH IN THIS COUNTRY. 311 00:18:09,189 --> 00:18:11,758 SO HOW DO YOU KEEP THAT FROM HAPPENING? 312 00:18:11,758 --> 00:18:13,960 WELL, YOU CAN START BY EATING HEALTHY FOODS. 313 00:18:13,960 --> 00:18:16,196 DOCTORS ENCOURAGE CHILDREN TO START GOOD EATING HABITS WHEN 314 00:18:16,196 --> 00:18:19,666 THEY'RE YOUNG AND KEEP GOOD HABITS AS THEY GET OLDER. 315 00:18:19,666 --> 00:18:22,769 ANOTHER GOOD WAY TO DEEP YOUR HEART BEATING STRONG IS TO GET 316 00:18:22,769 --> 00:18:24,037 PLENTY OF EXERCISE. 317 00:18:24,037 --> 00:18:26,973 RUNNING AROUND WITH FRIENDS, JUMPING ROPE, ANYTHING THAT 318 00:18:26,973 --> 00:18:28,141 KEEPS YOU MOVING. 319 00:18:28,141 --> 00:18:31,678 THOSE ARE THE BEST WAYS TO MAKE SURE YOUR HEART MUSCLES KEEP 320 00:18:31,678 --> 00:18:40,320 PUMPING AND YOU STAY HEART HEALTHY YOUR WHOLE LIFE. 321 00:18:40,320 --> 00:18:44,424 >> MY NAME IS HUNTER. 322 00:18:44,424 --> 00:18:47,794 MY QUESTION IS IS THERE ANY PART OF OUR BODY THAT DOESN'T 323 00:18:47,794 --> 00:18:49,696 HAVE MUSCLE? 324 00:18:49,696 --> 00:18:58,638 >> WELL, IN OUR BODY, AS FAR AS MOVEMENT AND OTHER FUNCTIONS, 325 00:18:58,638 --> 00:19:02,909 MUSCLES ARE A PART OF ALMOST EVERY PART OF OUR BODY AND 326 00:19:02,909 --> 00:19:06,913 THERE'S LITERALLY NO PART OF OUR BODY THAT ISN'T CONNECTED 327 00:19:06,913 --> 00:19:10,216 TO A MUSCLE IN SOME FASHION. 328 00:19:10,216 --> 00:19:13,119 >> MARK WOULD LIKE TO KNOW ARE MUSCLES RED BECAUSE OF THE 329 00:19:13,119 --> 00:19:16,222 BLOOD THAT RUNS THROUGH THEM? 330 00:19:16,222 --> 00:19:18,591 >> WELL, THERE'S SEVERAL THINGS THAT MAKE MUSCLES RED. 331 00:19:18,591 --> 00:19:21,861 ONE IS THE BLOOD THAT RUNS THROUGH THEM. 332 00:19:21,861 --> 00:19:27,500 THE OTHER THING THAT MAKES MUSCLES RED IS A SUBSTANCE 333 00:19:27,500 --> 00:19:36,076 CALLED MYOGLOBIN AND IT GIVES MUSCLES THAT REDDISH COLOR. 334 00:19:36,076 --> 00:19:40,213 MUSCLES THAT HAVE MORE OF THE BLOOD VESSELS AND THE MYOGLOBIN 335 00:19:40,213 --> 00:19:42,782 LOOK REDDER THAN OTHERS. 336 00:19:42,782 --> 00:19:47,987 THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ON A CHICKEN, BREAST MEAT AND THIGH 337 00:19:47,987 --> 00:19:52,325 MEAT, THE THIGH MEAT HAS MORE OF THOSE SUBSTANCES. 338 00:19:52,325 --> 00:19:56,329 >> WHAT IS THE MOST POWERFUL MUSCLE IN THE HUMAN BODY? 339 00:19:56,329 --> 00:20:01,868 >> THAT IS A GREAT QUESTION, AND IT'S NOT WHAT YOU THINK 340 00:20:01,868 --> 00:20:05,705 IT'S GOING TO BE BECAUSE IF WE LOOK AT THE TWO TYPES OF 341 00:20:05,705 --> 00:20:09,709 MUSCLES, VOLUNTARY AND INVOLUNTARY, IN THE WORLD OF 342 00:20:09,709 --> 00:20:15,081 INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES, THE MOST POWERFUL MUSCLE IN THAT WORLD 343 00:20:15,081 --> 00:20:18,351 IS OUR HEART AND THAT MAKES SENSE BECAUSE IT'S BEATING ALL 344 00:20:18,351 --> 00:20:22,522 THE TIME, IT HAS TO FORCE BLOOD AND MOVE BLOOD THROUGHOUT YOUR 345 00:20:22,522 --> 00:20:23,923 WHOLE BODY. 346 00:20:23,923 --> 00:20:27,994 THE MOST POWERFUL VOLUNTARY MUSCLE IN YOUR BODY IS NOT WHAT 347 00:20:27,994 --> 00:20:29,396 YOU THINK IT WOULD BE. 348 00:20:29,396 --> 00:20:32,565 I WOULD THINK IT WOULD BE YOUR THIGH MUSCLE BUT IT IS ACTUALLY 349 00:20:32,565 --> 00:20:38,104 OUR TONGUE AND OUR TONGUE CONTROLS SPEECH AND OTHER 350 00:20:38,104 --> 00:20:42,575 THINGS, SUCH AS EATING AND IT IS THE MOST POWERFUL MUSCLE IN 351 00:20:42,575 --> 00:20:43,677 OUR BODY. 352 00:20:43,677 --> 00:20:47,681 >> DANNY WOULD LIKE TO KNOW HOW MANY MUSCLES ARE IN THE HEART? 353 00:20:47,681 --> 00:20:51,117 >> WELL, IT WOULD SEEM LIKE THE HEART WOULD BE DIVIDED INTO 354 00:20:51,117 --> 00:20:54,287 DIFFERENT MUSCLES OR MUSCLE GROUPS BUT ACTUALLY THE HEART 355 00:20:54,287 --> 00:20:55,388 IS ONE BIG MUSCLE. 356 00:20:55,388 --> 00:20:59,059 IT WORKS TOGETHER TO PUMP THE BLOOD EITHER THROUGH THE RIGHT 357 00:20:59,059 --> 00:21:03,730 SIDE OR THE LEFT SIDE BUT ALL THOSE WORK TOGETHER, EVEN 358 00:21:03,730 --> 00:21:10,637 THOUGH THEY CONTRACT AT DIFFERENT TIMES AS ONE BIG 359 00:21:10,637 --> 00:21:11,538 MUSCLE. 360 00:21:11,538 --> 00:21:11,905 >> HI. 361 00:21:11,905 --> 00:21:15,709 WE HAVE BEEN READING ABOUT OUR BODY HAVING MUSCLES. 362 00:21:15,709 --> 00:21:18,712 MY QUESTION IS DO WE HAVE ROUGH MUSCLES? 363 00:21:18,712 --> 00:21:21,381 >> WE DO NOT HAVE ROUGH MUSCLES. 364 00:21:21,381 --> 00:21:26,286 WE HAVE SMOOTH MUSCLES THAT CONTROL A LOT OF THE FUNCTIONS 365 00:21:26,286 --> 00:21:29,556 OF OUR BODY THAT WE DON'T HAVE TO THINK ABOUT. 366 00:21:29,556 --> 00:21:33,026 THEY'RE INVOLUNTARY SUCH AS SWALLOWING, YOUR STOMACH AND 367 00:21:33,026 --> 00:21:36,296 OTHER FUNCTIONS INSIDE YOUR BODY. 368 00:21:36,296 --> 00:21:40,567 >> AVA WOULD LIKE TO KNOW CAN MUSCLES POP? 369 00:21:40,567 --> 00:21:46,573 >> WELL, WHEN MUSCLES POP, THAT POP IS USUALLY A BAD SIGN, 370 00:21:46,573 --> 00:21:50,844 THAT'S USUALLY THE MUSCLE TEARING OR STRAINING AND A LOT 371 00:21:50,844 --> 00:21:54,214 OF PEOPLE WHEN THEY POP A MUSCLE, THEY'LL COME INTO MY 372 00:21:54,214 --> 00:21:58,318 OFFICE AND SAY I FELT MY MUSCLE AND MY CALF POP, THAT WAS THAT 373 00:21:58,318 --> 00:22:03,790 MUSCLE TEARING OR STRAINING. 374 00:22:03,790 --> 00:22:05,058 >> HELLO. 375 00:22:05,058 --> 00:22:10,530 MY QUESTION IS WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF WE HAD NO SKELETAL 376 00:22:10,530 --> 00:22:10,964 MUSCLES? 377 00:22:10,964 --> 00:22:13,800 >> WELL, MOSES IF WE HAD NO SKELETAL MUSCLES, THAT'S A 378 00:22:13,800 --> 00:22:19,172 FUNNY QUESTION BECAUSE IF WE HAD NO SKELETAL MUSCLES, WE 379 00:22:19,172 --> 00:22:22,275 WOULD FALL TO THE GROUND IN A CRUMPLE OF BONES AND ORGANS AND 380 00:22:22,275 --> 00:22:27,447 WE WOULDN'T BE ABLE TO MOVE AND SO LIFE AS WE KNOW IT WOULD NOT 381 00:22:27,447 --> 00:22:28,815 BE THE SAME. 382 00:22:28,815 --> 00:22:35,021 >> HELLO, MY NAME IS KATIE FROM VALLEY VIEW ELEMENTARY. 383 00:22:35,021 --> 00:22:37,657 MY QUESTION IS WHEN YOU WORK OUT, HOW DOES IT MAKE YOUR 384 00:22:37,657 --> 00:22:38,725 MUSCLES STRONGER? 385 00:22:38,725 --> 00:22:43,663 >> WHEN WE WORK OUT, OUR MUSCLES WILL BREAK DOWN A 386 00:22:43,663 --> 00:22:45,765 LITTLE BIT EACH TIME WE WORK OUT. 387 00:22:45,765 --> 00:22:49,302 FOR EXAMPLE, IF YOU LIFT WEIGHTS, THE NEXT DAY YOU MAY 388 00:22:49,302 --> 00:22:51,771 BE SORE. 389 00:22:51,771 --> 00:22:53,573 THAT SORENESS IS THE MUSCLE BREAKING DOWN. 390 00:22:53,573 --> 00:22:58,244 WITH THAT, THERE'S A SIGNAL BACK TO YOUR BODY THAT YOUR 391 00:22:58,244 --> 00:23:02,048 MUSCLES WILL START GETTING BIGGER AND STRONGER. 392 00:23:02,048 --> 00:23:05,418 IT WILL STIMULATE YOUR MUSCLES TO GROW AND THAT CAN OCCUR 393 00:23:05,418 --> 00:23:08,888 THROUGHOUT YOUR LIFETIME. 394 00:23:08,888 --> 00:23:14,060 >> WHAT DO MUSCLES DO? 395 00:23:14,060 --> 00:23:19,432 >> WELL, MUSCLES DO FUNCTIONS IN A DIFFERENT WAY THAN WE 396 00:23:19,432 --> 00:23:24,270 THINK OF BECAUSE MUSCLES WILL WORK VOLUNTARILY FOR US, 397 00:23:24,270 --> 00:23:27,907 THEY'LL MOVE OUR BODIES SO THAT WE CAN GO FROM ONE END OF OUR 398 00:23:27,907 --> 00:23:31,745 HOUSE TO THE OTHER, BUT WHILE YOU'RE THINKING ABOUT THE FACT 399 00:23:31,745 --> 00:23:35,915 THAT YOU WANT TO GO GET A GLASS OF MILK FROM THE REFRIGERATOR, 400 00:23:35,915 --> 00:23:39,819 OUR INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES ARE PREPARING FOR THAT GLASS OF 401 00:23:39,819 --> 00:23:44,357 MILK BY HELPING US SWALLOW THAT DOWN AND YOU DON'T EVEN HAVE TO 402 00:23:44,357 --> 00:23:46,026 THINK ABOUT THAT. 403 00:23:46,026 --> 00:23:50,563 AND MEANWHILE, YOUR HEART IS PUMPING TO MOVE BLOOD THROUGH 404 00:23:50,563 --> 00:23:54,768 YOUR BODY TO ALLOW YOUR MUSCLES TO WORK AND/OR YOUR STOMACH OR 405 00:23:54,768 --> 00:23:58,138 YOUR ESOPHAGUS TO DRINK THAT MILK. 406 00:23:58,138 --> 00:24:02,676 SO THERE ARE A LOT OF THINGS BEHIND THE SCENES THAT HELP 407 00:24:02,676 --> 00:24:04,611 THEM KEEP US FUNCTIONING. 408 00:24:04,611 --> 00:24:09,249 >> HI, MY NAME IS QUINN. 409 00:24:09,249 --> 00:24:12,519 MY QUESTION IS HOW MANY QUESTIONS IS HOW MANY MUSCLES 410 00:24:12,519 --> 00:24:14,688 DOES A FROG HAVE? 411 00:24:14,688 --> 00:24:16,790 >> ALL LIVING CREATURES HAVE MUSCLES AND THEY REQUIRE THOSE 412 00:24:16,790 --> 00:24:17,624 MUSCLES TO MOVE. 413 00:24:17,624 --> 00:24:21,895 THE FROG HAS 126 MUSCLES. 414 00:24:21,895 --> 00:24:26,599 BUT FROM MY EXPERIENCE WITH MY PET FROG, I KNOW THAT MOST OF 415 00:24:26,599 --> 00:24:29,602 THOSE MUSCLES, AT LEAST THE STRONGEST ONES ARE GOING TO BE 416 00:24:29,602 --> 00:24:31,171 IN THE LEG. 417 00:24:31,171 --> 00:24:34,741 >> ALISON WOULD LIKE TO KNOW HOW ARE OUR MUSCLES CONNECTED 418 00:24:34,741 --> 00:24:38,345 TO OUR BRAIN SO THAT THEY CAN MOVE? 419 00:24:38,345 --> 00:24:40,980 >> WELL, OUR MUSCLES ARE CONNECTED TO OUR BRAIN THROUGH 420 00:24:40,980 --> 00:24:44,918 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND NERVES THAT COME OUT OF OUR BRAIN WILL 421 00:24:44,918 --> 00:24:46,820 TELL OUR MUSCLES HOW TO MOVE. 422 00:24:46,820 --> 00:24:53,660 THERE'S A SERIES OF NERVES, NOT UNLIKE TELEPHONE WIRES OR 423 00:24:53,660 --> 00:24:58,865 ELECTRICAL WIRES THAT GO INTO OUR HOUSE, AND THEY WILL SEND A 424 00:24:58,865 --> 00:25:01,401 SIGNAL FROM THE BRAIN DOWN TO THE MUSCLES TO TELL IT TO 425 00:25:01,401 --> 00:25:04,304 CONTRACT OR TO MOVE. 426 00:25:04,304 --> 00:25:08,508 >> BEFORE WE RUN OUT OF TIME, WHY DID YOU DECIDE TO BECOME A 427 00:25:08,508 --> 00:25:11,411 DOCTOR WHO STUDIES MUSCLES? 428 00:25:11,411 --> 00:25:15,315 >> WELL, WHEN I WAS PLAYING SPORTS IN HIGH SCHOOL, I WAS 429 00:25:15,315 --> 00:25:20,320 FASCINATED BY HOW OUR BODIES GOT STRONGER AND HOW WE COULD 430 00:25:20,320 --> 00:25:23,323 IMPROVE OUR PERFORMANCE THROUGH EXERCISE, AND THEN WHEN I WENT 431 00:25:23,323 --> 00:25:31,331 TO MEDICAL SCHOOL, I MET A CARDIOLOGIST WHO JUST WORKED ON 432 00:25:31,331 --> 00:25:34,501 EXERCISE AND HE DID RESEARCH ON IT AND I BECAME FASCINATED WITH 433 00:25:34,501 --> 00:25:38,171 IT AND AT SOME POINT I THOUGHT ABOUT BEING A CARDIOLOGIST BUT 434 00:25:38,171 --> 00:25:41,274 AT THAT TIME, THEY HAD CREATED A NEW SPECIALTY CALLED SPORTS 435 00:25:41,274 --> 00:25:45,178 MEDICINE AND THAT ENTAILED ALL THE THINGS I WANTED TO DO, 436 00:25:45,178 --> 00:25:49,349 TREATING ATHLETES AND SEEING INJURIES TO ATHLETES ON THE 437 00:25:49,349 --> 00:25:55,555 FIELD AND HOW I COULD NOT ONLY IMPROVE OR HELP THEM RETURN TO 438 00:25:55,555 --> 00:26:01,127 ACTIVITY FASTER AND SAFER BUT ALSO HELP PREVENT INJURIES 439 00:26:01,127 --> 00:26:04,864 BEFORE THEY EVEN HURT THEMSELVES. 440 00:26:04,864 --> 00:26:10,837 SO IT WAS A GOOD FIT FOR ME. 441 00:26:10,837 --> 00:26:14,307 >> AND IF SOMEONE IS INTERESTED IN WORKING WITH MUSCLES LIVING, 442 00:26:14,307 --> 00:26:15,975 WHAT SHOULD THEY STUDY IN SCHOOL? 443 00:26:15,975 --> 00:26:20,347 >> IT STARTS WITH THE BASICS, YOU HAVE TO STUDY ALL THE 444 00:26:20,347 --> 00:26:24,317 FACTORS AND ALL THE PROGRAMS THAT GO INTO MEDICINE OR 445 00:26:24,317 --> 00:26:29,422 BIOLOGY AND THAT WOULD START WITH MATH AND SOME OF YOUR 446 00:26:29,422 --> 00:26:30,156 BASIC SCIENCE. 447 00:26:30,156 --> 00:26:36,062 WITH MATH, YOU LEARN HOW TO DO SOME OF THE -- OR SOLVE SOME OF 448 00:26:36,062 --> 00:26:40,333 THE PROBLEMS THAT GO ALONG WITH MEDICINE AND YOU USE IT EVERY 449 00:26:40,333 --> 00:26:40,700 DAY. 450 00:26:40,700 --> 00:26:43,903 I USE IT EVERY DAY IN MY PRACTICE. 451 00:26:43,903 --> 00:26:48,641 AND SO YOU HAVE TO START HAVING A PASSION OR AN INTEREST FOR 452 00:26:48,641 --> 00:26:53,546 THOSE BASIC STUDIES AND CARRY THAT ON THROUGH HIGH SCHOOL, 453 00:26:53,546 --> 00:26:57,350 COLLEGE AND GRADUATE STUDIES IF THAT'S WHAT YOU WANT TO DO. 454 00:26:57,350 --> 00:27:00,553 >> THANK YOU, DOCTOR BUT I'M SORRY WE'VE RUN OUT OF TIME. 455 00:27:00,553 --> 00:27:02,288 I APPRECIATE YOU JOINING US TODAY. 456 00:27:02,288 --> 00:27:04,591 >> IT'S BEEN A GREAT OPPORTUNITY FOR ME AS WELL AND 457 00:27:04,591 --> 00:27:06,593 I HOPE ALL THE CHILDREN OUT THERE HAVE LEARNED A LOT MORE 458 00:27:06,593 --> 00:27:08,928 ABOUT MUSCLES TODAY. 459 00:27:08,928 --> 00:27:10,230 >> AND OUR THANKS TO THE FOLKS HERE AT THE PORTNEUF MEDICAL 460 00:27:10,230 --> 00:27:13,867 CENTER FOR HOSTING US. 461 00:27:13,867 --> 00:27:16,603 YOU CAN LEARN LOTS MORE ABOUT MUSCLES AND THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM 462 00:27:16,603 --> 00:27:18,505 AND LOTS OF SCIENTIFIC TOPICS ON THE SCIENCE TREK WEB SITE. 463 00:27:18,505 --> 00:27:20,573 AND WE'LL ANSWER MORE QUESTIONS ABOUT MUSCLES ON THE "SCIENCE 464 00:27:20,573 --> 00:27:22,075 TREK: THE WEB SHOW." 465 00:27:22,075 --> 00:27:24,878 AND IF YOU WANT TO SUBMIT A QUESTION FOR "SCIENCE TREK," 466 00:27:24,878 --> 00:27:27,981 IT'S EASY, AND YOU AND YOUR CLASS CAN WIN PRIZES. 467 00:27:27,981 --> 00:27:29,883 YOU CAN SEND IT AS AN EMAIL OR AS A VIDEO QUESTION. 468 00:27:29,883 --> 00:27:33,887 RECORD IT ON YOUR WEBCAM OR CELL PHONE. 469 00:27:33,887 --> 00:27:36,056 AND IF YOU'RE AN EDUCATOR, WE LEND YOU A CAMERA. 470 00:27:36,056 --> 00:27:39,259 OUR LAST PRIZE WINNER WAS BROCK IN AMY PETERSON'S CLASS AT 471 00:27:39,259 --> 00:27:40,627 OWYHEE HARBOR SCHOOL IN BOISE. 472 00:27:40,627 --> 00:27:42,729 SO TO FIND OUT ALL ABOUT MUSCLES AND THE MUSCULAR 473 00:27:42,729 --> 00:27:46,166 SYSTEM, HOW TO SEND IN YOUR QUESTIONS AND HOW TO WIN, GO TO 474 00:27:46,166 --> 00:27:47,801 THE "SCIENCE TREK" WEBSITE. 475 00:27:47,801 --> 00:27:49,502 AND EACH WEEK, CHECK OUT MY BLOG FOR THE LATEST SCIENCE 476 00:27:49,502 --> 00:27:51,905 NEWS FOR KIDS. 477 00:27:51,905 --> 00:27:55,709 YOU'LL FIND IT ALL AT IDAHOPTV.ORG/SCIENCETREK. 478 00:27:55,709 --> 00:27:57,277 THANKS FOR JOINING US. 479 00:27:57,277 --> 00:28:03,817 WE'LL SEE YOU NEXT TIME ON "SCIENCE TREK." 480 00:28:03,817 --> 00:28:15,028 * * 481 00:28:23,403 --> 00:28:24,504 >>> PRESENTATION OF "SCIENCE TREK" ON IDAHO PUBLIC 482 00:28:24,504 --> 00:28:26,773 TELEVISION IS MADE POSSIBLE THROUGH THE GENEROUS SUPPORT OF 483 00:28:26,773 --> 00:28:28,775 THE LAURA MOORE CUNNINGHAM FOUNDATION, COMMITTED TO 484 00:28:28,775 --> 00:28:30,977 FULFILLING THE MOORE FAMILY LEGACY OF BUILDING THE GREAT 485 00:28:30,977 --> 00:28:32,979 STATE OF IDAHO. 486 00:28:40,487 --> 00:28:41,788 >>> IF YOU WANT TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THIS TOPIC OR WATCH OUR 487 00:28:41,788 --> 00:28:43,323 VIDEOS, CHECK OUT THE "SCIENCE