1 00:00:18,166 --> 00:00:21,700 >> EVER SEEN A FLOCK OF BIRDS FLY IN A V SHAPE? 2 00:00:21,700 --> 00:00:23,800 BIRDS MIGRATE FOLLOWING THE SEASONS OF THE YEAR. 3 00:00:23,800 --> 00:00:25,800 HAVE YOU EVER WONDERED WHY? 4 00:00:25,800 --> 00:00:28,000 SCIENTISTS ARE HERE TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS. 5 00:00:28,000 --> 00:00:29,066 STAY TUNED. 6 00:00:29,066 --> 00:00:32,166 "D4K" IS NEXT. 7 00:00:40,166 --> 00:00:41,533 >> HI, I'M JOAN CARTAN-HANSEN. 8 00:00:41,533 --> 00:00:43,900 WELCOME TO "D4K." 9 00:00:43,900 --> 00:00:46,433 BIRDS LIKE GRIFFIN HERE ARE ABOUT TO START FRYING SOUTH. 10 00:00:46,433 --> 00:00:48,000 HAVE YOU EVER WONDERED WHY? 11 00:00:48,000 --> 00:00:51,433 BEFORE WE GO TO THE STUDIO TO ANSWER THAT QUESTION, LET'S FIND 12 00:00:51,433 --> 00:01:01,100 OUT A LITTLE MORE ABOUT WHAT THE BIRDS ARE UP TO. 13 00:01:01,100 --> 00:01:03,333 IT'S CALLED MIGRATION. 14 00:01:03,333 --> 00:01:06,633 SCIENTISTS STUDY BIRDS-TO-DEFINE MIGRATION AS A REPETITIVE 15 00:01:06,633 --> 00:01:08,700 MOVEMENT FROM ONE POINT TO ANOTHER AND BACK. 16 00:01:08,700 --> 00:01:11,100 ALL ALONG THE SAME PATH. 17 00:01:11,100 --> 00:01:11,367 >> HUH? 18 00:01:11,367 --> 00:01:12,800 WHAT DOES THAT MEAN? 19 00:01:12,800 --> 00:01:16,333 >> WELL, IT'S KIND OF LIKE KIDS CATCHING THE SCHOOL BUS. 20 00:01:16,333 --> 00:01:19,000 EVERY MORNING YOU GO FROM YOUR HOUSE TO THE SAME SPOT TO MEET 21 00:01:19,000 --> 00:01:23,900 THE BUS. 22 00:01:23,900 --> 00:01:28,233 AND EVERY AFTERNOON, THE BUS LETS YOU OFF AND YOU MIGRATE 23 00:01:28,233 --> 00:01:30,633 BACK TO YOUR HOUSE ALONG THE SAME SIDEWALK. 24 00:01:30,633 --> 00:01:32,633 YOU DO IT TWICE A DAY. 25 00:01:32,633 --> 00:01:35,734 BIRDS MIGRATE TWICE A YEAR. 26 00:01:35,734 --> 00:01:36,000 >> OK. 27 00:01:36,000 --> 00:01:38,066 BUT BIRDS DON'T HAVE TO GO TO SCHOOL. 28 00:01:38,066 --> 00:01:40,333 WHY DO THEY LEAVE HOME AND COME BACK? 29 00:01:40,333 --> 00:01:41,900 >> THAT'S EASY. 30 00:01:41,900 --> 00:01:42,266 FOOD. 31 00:01:42,266 --> 00:01:45,533 AS WINTER APPROACHES, PLANTS BEGIN TO DRY UP. 32 00:01:45,533 --> 00:01:49,433 BERRIES AND SEEDS THAT MANY SONG BIRDS FEED ON DISAPPEAR. 33 00:01:49,433 --> 00:01:52,066 WORMS TUNNEL INTO THE SOIL BEFORE IT FREEZES OUT OF THE 34 00:01:52,066 --> 00:01:56,000 REACH OF ROBINS, AND MOUNTAIN BLUEBIRDS WILL HAVE A HARD TIME 35 00:01:56,000 --> 00:01:57,633 FINDING BUGS AFTER THE FIRST FROST. 36 00:01:57,633 --> 00:02:01,433 WHAT DO THEY DO? 37 00:02:01,433 --> 00:02:01,633 MIGRATE! 38 00:02:01,633 --> 00:02:04,500 IT'S TIME TO HEAD SOUTH TO WARMER AREAS, WHERE THERE'S FOOD 39 00:02:04,500 --> 00:02:06,066 ALL YEAR-ROUND. 40 00:02:06,066 --> 00:02:09,166 >> SO, IF THERE'S SO MUCH FOOD DOWN SOUTH, WHY DO THEY COME 41 00:02:09,166 --> 00:02:10,233 BACK HOME? 42 00:02:10,233 --> 00:02:12,333 >> THE ANSWER IS THE SAME. 43 00:02:12,333 --> 00:02:12,533 FOOD! 44 00:02:12,533 --> 00:02:14,166 THE FOOD IS BACK. 45 00:02:14,166 --> 00:02:17,734 BIRDS KNOW THEIR HOME TERRITORIES WILL BE GREEN AGAIN. 46 00:02:17,734 --> 00:02:21,433 BERRIES, BUGS, SEEDS, AND WORMS, ALL THAT YUMMY FOOD THAT BIRDS 47 00:02:21,433 --> 00:02:25,367 LIKE TO EAT WILL BE FRESH AND PLENTIFUL IN THE SPRING. 48 00:02:25,367 --> 00:02:28,066 WHEN THEY FLY BACK TO THEIR SUMMER HOMES, THEY CAN SPREAD 49 00:02:28,066 --> 00:02:28,266 OUT. 50 00:02:28,266 --> 00:02:30,600 THEY WON'T HAVE TO SHARE WITH ALL THE OTHER BIRDS THAT SPENT 51 00:02:30,600 --> 00:02:31,633 THE WINTER IN THE SOUTH. 52 00:02:31,633 --> 00:02:35,433 WHEN ANIMALS HAVE TO SHARE, SCIENTISTS CALL IT COMPETITION. 53 00:02:35,433 --> 00:02:37,700 IT'S KIND OF LIKE A KID WITH A CANDY BAR. 54 00:02:37,700 --> 00:02:41,000 YOU MIGHT BREAK IT IN HALF AND SHARE IT WITH YOUR BROTHER. 55 00:02:41,000 --> 00:02:44,500 BUT YOU DON'T WANT TO SHARE IT WITH A WHOLE NEIGHBORHOOD. 56 00:02:44,500 --> 00:02:46,700 THERE MIGHT BE NOTHING LEFT FOR YOU AND YOUR BROTHER. 57 00:02:46,700 --> 00:02:50,333 THIS IS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT WHEN BIRDS RETURN HOME, BECAUSE 58 00:02:50,333 --> 00:02:54,166 SPRING IS THE NESTING SEASON, AND THE PARENT BIRDS WANT TO BE 59 00:02:54,166 --> 00:02:58,900 SURE TO HAVE ENOUGH FOOD TO FEED THEMSELVES AND THEIR YOUNG. 60 00:02:58,900 --> 00:02:59,166 >> OK. 61 00:02:59,166 --> 00:03:03,800 I UNDERSTAND WHY ALL THOSE BIRDS THAT EAT BUG AND BERRIES HAVE TO 62 00:03:03,800 --> 00:03:06,633 GO SOUTH, BUT WHAT ABOUT HAWKS AND FALCONS? 63 00:03:06,633 --> 00:03:08,600 THEY DON'T EAT THOSE THINGS GLUR RIGHT. 64 00:03:08,600 --> 00:03:13,000 BUT BIRDS OF PREY EAT SONG BIRDS THAT EAT THE BUGS AND BERRIES. 65 00:03:13,000 --> 00:03:15,433 IT'S ALL PART OF THE WEB OF LIFE. 66 00:03:15,433 --> 00:03:18,800 AND IF YOUR LUNCH IS GOING SOUTH AND YOU'RE A BIRD OF PREY, WELL, 67 00:03:18,800 --> 00:03:22,734 YOU BETTER FOLLOW IF YOU WANT TO EAT. 68 00:03:22,734 --> 00:03:25,000 >> HOW DO YOU KNOW ALL THIS? 69 00:03:25,000 --> 00:03:25,433 >> RESEARCH. 70 00:03:25,433 --> 00:03:29,900 A TYPE OF SCIENTIST CALLED A BIOLOGIST CAPTURES SONG BIRD AND 71 00:03:29,900 --> 00:03:33,633 BIRDS OF PREY AND MARKS THEM WITH BANDS TO FIND OUT WHERE THE 72 00:03:33,633 --> 00:03:41,166 BIRDS COME FROM AND WHERE THEY GO. 73 00:03:41,166 --> 00:03:45,800 AT THE IDAHO BIRD OBSERVATORY NEAR BOISE, SONG BIRDS ARE 74 00:03:45,800 --> 00:03:51,900 CAPTURED IN THESE NETS, THEN BANDED, MEASURED, WEIGHED, 75 00:03:51,900 --> 00:03:53,633 BEFORE REBEING RELEASED. 76 00:03:53,633 --> 00:03:59,166 OFTEN WITH THE HELP OF SCHOOL KIDS. 77 00:03:59,166 --> 00:04:03,166 OVER THE YEARS, BIOLOGISTS CAN TRACK THE DIFFERENT SPECIES OF 78 00:04:03,166 --> 00:04:05,000 BIRDS THAT PASS THROUGH. 79 00:04:05,000 --> 00:04:08,900 IN ADDITION, RESEARCHERS CAN DISCOVER WHERE EACH SPECIES 80 00:04:08,900 --> 00:04:10,633 SPENDS THE WINTER. 81 00:04:10,633 --> 00:04:14,900 >> MAKE SURE IT'S NOT GOING TO SQUISH HIM, AND CLAMP IT SHUT. 82 00:04:14,900 --> 00:04:18,266 WHENEVER YOU WANT HER TO GO, GIVE HER A BOUNCE AND BLOW ON 83 00:04:18,266 --> 00:04:19,900 HER LITTLE BUTT. 84 00:04:19,900 --> 00:04:20,700 THERE YOU GO. 85 00:04:20,700 --> 00:04:21,433 COOL. 86 00:04:21,433 --> 00:04:25,700 >> OF COURSE THE BIRDS OF PREY ARE NEARBY BECAUSE THEIR FOOD IS 87 00:04:25,700 --> 00:04:26,000 HERE. 88 00:04:26,000 --> 00:04:27,600 THE SONG BIRDS. 89 00:04:27,600 --> 00:04:30,900 RED TAIL HAWKS, COOPER HAWKS AND OTHERS ARE CAPTURED JUST BELOW 90 00:04:30,900 --> 00:04:34,967 THE RIDGETOP AS THEY SEARCH FOR PREY. 91 00:04:34,967 --> 00:04:35,734 >> SHARP SHIN HAWK. 92 00:04:35,734 --> 00:04:39,800 >> JUST LIKE A SONG BIRD, THIS SHARP SHIN HAWK IS WEIGHED, 93 00:04:39,800 --> 00:04:42,500 MEASURED, AND BANDED BEFORE IT'S RELEASED. 94 00:04:42,500 --> 00:04:44,266 >> GO TO MEXICO! 95 00:04:44,266 --> 00:04:50,000 ONE, TWO, THREE. 96 00:04:50,000 --> 00:04:54,000 >> FLY! 97 00:04:54,000 --> 00:04:57,533 >> JOINING ME NOW TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS ABOUT BIRD MIGRATION 98 00:04:57,533 --> 00:05:01,633 ARE JAY CARLISLE, RESEARCH DIRECTOR AT THE IDAHO BIRD 99 00:05:01,633 --> 00:05:04,000 OBSERVATORY, AND VICKY RUNNOE, CONSERVATION EDUCATION 100 00:05:04,000 --> 00:05:06,333 SUPERVISOR FROM THE IDAHO DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME. 101 00:05:06,333 --> 00:05:07,900 AND WE WANT TO HEAR FROM YOU. 102 00:05:07,900 --> 00:05:12,266 GIVE US A CALL AT 1-800-973-9800 1-800-973-9800. 103 00:05:12,266 --> 00:05:16,266 OR YOU CAN EMAIL US AT D4K@IDAHOPTV.ORG. 104 00:05:16,266 --> 00:05:21,900 REMEMBER, WHEN YOU SEND IN A QUESTION YOU AND YOUR CLASS WILL 105 00:05:21,900 --> 00:05:24,533 HAVE A CHANCE TO WIN A DVD PLAYER AND OTHER PRIZES. 106 00:05:24,533 --> 00:05:28,233 WE'VE GOT SOME CALLERS ON THE PHONE. 107 00:05:28,233 --> 00:05:33,700 WHO DO WE HAVE ON LINE TWO? 108 00:05:33,700 --> 00:05:36,433 HELLO? 109 00:05:36,433 --> 00:05:36,800 PARKER? 110 00:05:36,800 --> 00:05:37,233 >> Caller: YES. 111 00:05:37,233 --> 00:05:48,066 >> WHAT'S YOUR QUESTION? 112 00:05:48,066 --> 00:05:51,533 >> Caller: WHAT IS THE PACE OF SPEED BIRDS FLY WHEN THEY FLY 113 00:05:51,533 --> 00:05:51,900 SOUTH. 114 00:05:51,900 --> 00:05:54,000 >> I THINK THAT VARIES BY SPECIES. 115 00:05:54,000 --> 00:06:00,700 THERE ARE SOME BIRDS LIKE THE PEREGRINE FALCONS THAT CAN FLY 116 00:06:00,700 --> 00:06:03,600 RIDICULOUSLY FAST, SOMETIMES 20 MILES PER HOUR, AND OVER THAT 117 00:06:03,600 --> 00:06:05,166 WHEN THEY'RE HUNTING. 118 00:06:05,166 --> 00:06:10,500 OTHER SMALLER BIRDS MIGHT FLY MORE LIKE 10 TO 30 MILES AN HOUR 119 00:06:10,500 --> 00:06:13,800 AS THEY'RE MAKING THEIR MIGRATION. 120 00:06:13,800 --> 00:06:15,166 THAT'S JUST A GENERALIZATION. 121 00:06:15,166 --> 00:06:21,266 >> LET'S GO TO GRACE IN MERIDIAN. 122 00:06:21,266 --> 00:06:22,533 ARE YOU THERE? 123 00:06:22,533 --> 00:06:22,967 >> Caller: YEAH. 124 00:06:22,967 --> 00:06:24,367 >> GO AHEAD, GRACE. 125 00:06:24,367 --> 00:06:27,066 >> Caller: ABOUT HOW MANY BIRDS MIGRATE A YEAR? 126 00:06:27,066 --> 00:06:29,600 >> HOW MANY BIRDS MIGRATE EACH YEAR? 127 00:06:29,600 --> 00:06:30,900 >> OH, WOW. 128 00:06:30,900 --> 00:06:33,700 HOW HIGH CAN YOU COUNT, GRACE? 129 00:06:33,700 --> 00:06:36,900 MILLIONS AND MILLIONS OF BIRDS MIGRATE EVERY SINGLE YEAR. 130 00:06:36,900 --> 00:06:40,166 TO TRY TO PUT A NUMBER ON IT -- ANY IDEA? 131 00:06:40,166 --> 00:06:41,433 CAN YOU COUNT THAT HIGH? 132 00:06:41,433 --> 00:06:43,867 >> I CANNOT COUNT THAT HIGH, AND I THINK YOU'RE RIGHT. 133 00:06:43,867 --> 00:06:48,266 ON EACH CONTINENT THERE'S MILLIONS MIGRATING, BETWEEN THE 134 00:06:48,266 --> 00:06:51,633 TEMPERATE ZONE, THE TROPICAL ZONE EVERY YEAR. 135 00:06:51,633 --> 00:06:59,734 >> AND GRACE IN MERIDIAN, GO AHEAD. 136 00:06:59,734 --> 00:07:04,166 ARE YOU THERE? 137 00:07:04,166 --> 00:07:07,166 GRACE? 138 00:07:07,166 --> 00:07:08,700 LET'S TRY BEN. 139 00:07:08,700 --> 00:07:11,633 I'M SORRY, GRACE, GIVE US A CALL BACK. 140 00:07:11,633 --> 00:07:12,633 BEN, CAN YOU HEAR US? 141 00:07:12,633 --> 00:07:14,166 GO AHEAD, BEN. 142 00:07:14,166 --> 00:07:21,533 GENTLEMAN HOW COME SOME BIRDS DON'T MIGRATE? 143 00:07:21,533 --> 00:07:23,367 >> OK. 144 00:07:23,367 --> 00:07:25,700 >> WELL, A LOT OF IT DEPENDS ON WHAT THEY EAT. 145 00:07:25,700 --> 00:07:28,900 IF THEY'RE AN INSECT EATER AND ALL THE BUGS DIE OFF IN THE 146 00:07:28,900 --> 00:07:32,066 WINTER, THEY'RE GOING TO BE REALLY HUNGRY IF THEY DON'T 147 00:07:32,066 --> 00:07:32,333 MIGRATE. 148 00:07:32,333 --> 00:07:38,066 IF THEY'RE A BIRD LIKE, SAY, MY FAVORITE BIRD, A CHICKADEE, AND 149 00:07:38,066 --> 00:07:41,900 THEIR FOOD IS HERE AND THEY EAT SEEDS, THEY DON'T HAVE TO. 150 00:07:41,900 --> 00:07:45,166 IT'S KIND OF LIKE US, IF YOU DON'T HAVE TO GO DO SOMETHING, 151 00:07:45,166 --> 00:07:46,533 ARE YOU GOING TO DO IT? 152 00:07:46,533 --> 00:07:52,367 SO IF YOUR FOOD IS HERE, YOU'LL PRETTY MUCH STAY, LIKE YOU'RE A 153 00:07:52,367 --> 00:07:55,266 RESIDENT HERE IN BOISE OR WHIR EVER YOU'RE CALLING FROM, AND 154 00:07:55,266 --> 00:07:58,100 THESE BIRDS ARE A RESIDENT HERE IN IDAHO. 155 00:07:58,100 --> 00:08:00,100 >> WE HAVE A LOT OF EMAIL QUESTIONS. 156 00:08:00,100 --> 00:08:05,700 ONE OF THE MOST POPULAR WAS, WHY DO BIRDS TRAVEL IN THAT V 157 00:08:05,700 --> 00:08:06,000 FORMATION? 158 00:08:06,000 --> 00:08:13,800 KATY AND ADAM ASKED THAT QUESTION, SAM, JACE, CLARK, 159 00:08:13,800 --> 00:08:24,000 ABBY, AND CONNER, MORGAN, DILLON, CAESAR, THEY ALL ASKED, 160 00:08:24,000 --> 00:08:27,266 WHY DO THEY GET THAT V FORMATION GOING? 161 00:08:27,266 --> 00:08:27,900 >> REALLY GOOD QUESTION. 162 00:08:27,900 --> 00:08:30,166 IT HAS TO DO WITH VING ENERGY. 163 00:08:30,166 --> 00:08:33,633 IF BIRDS CAN TRAVEL IN A GROUP LIKE THAT AND SAVE ENERGY WHILE 164 00:08:33,633 --> 00:08:36,533 FLYING, THEY CAN TRAVEL FARTHER AND MORE EFFICIENTLY DURING 165 00:08:36,533 --> 00:08:37,233 THEIR MIGRATION. 166 00:08:37,233 --> 00:08:40,533 SO THE LEAD BIRD TAKES SOME OF THE BRUNT OF THE WIND IN THE 167 00:08:40,533 --> 00:08:42,800 FRONT AND THEN THEY TRADE OUT OVER TIME. 168 00:08:42,800 --> 00:08:47,066 SO A BIRD THAT WAS MIGRATING IN THE BACK OF THE VFT, MIGHT 169 00:08:47,066 --> 00:08:50,266 GRADUALLY BE UP IN THE FRONT, BUT WHILE THEY'RE IN THE BACK 170 00:08:50,266 --> 00:08:53,734 THEY CAN SAVE ENERGY BECAUSE THEY'RE DRAFTING OFF THE LEAD 171 00:08:53,734 --> 00:08:55,633 BIRDS. 172 00:08:55,633 --> 00:09:00,066 >> DO WE KNOW HOW THEY -- THE BIRDS DECIDE WHO GETS TO GO 173 00:09:00,066 --> 00:09:00,266 FIRST? 174 00:09:00,266 --> 00:09:02,700 IS THERE ANY RHYME OR REASON TO THE PATTERN? 175 00:09:02,700 --> 00:09:03,867 >> THAT'S A GOOD QUESTION. 176 00:09:03,867 --> 00:09:04,867 I'M NOT SURE. 177 00:09:04,867 --> 00:09:07,000 >> I DON'T THINK WE KNOW THAT EITHER. 178 00:09:07,000 --> 00:09:09,867 I DON'T KNOW IF THEY DRAW STRAWS OR WHAT. 179 00:09:09,867 --> 00:09:12,333 THEY DO SWITCH BACK AND FORTH. 180 00:09:12,333 --> 00:09:17,633 >> ABBY AND COURTNEY AND GAVIN, AT HORIZON ELEMENTARY, THEY WANT 181 00:09:17,633 --> 00:09:20,600 TO KNOW, DO ALL BIRDS FLY SOUTH? 182 00:09:20,600 --> 00:09:24,633 >> WELL, THEY FLY SOUTH FOR THE WINTER TIME, AND THEN THEY TURN 183 00:09:24,633 --> 00:09:26,500 AROUND AND FLY BACK NORTH FOR THE SUMMER. 184 00:09:26,500 --> 00:09:30,500 FOR EXAMPLE, HERE IN NORTH AMERICA, IDAHO'S SUMMER BIRDS 185 00:09:30,500 --> 00:09:34,900 ARE HUMMINGBIRDS, EVEN OUR BLUEBIRD DO MOVE SOUTH BECAUSE 186 00:09:34,900 --> 00:09:38,367 IT'S WARMER, MORE FOOD, AND THEY TURN AROUND AND THEY HEAD BACK 187 00:09:38,367 --> 00:09:41,333 NORTH IN THE SUMMERTIME BECAUSE THEN THEY HAVE FOOD AND THIS IS 188 00:09:41,333 --> 00:09:44,333 THEIR BREEDING TERRITORY WHERE THEY RAISE THEIR BABIES AND 189 00:09:44,333 --> 00:09:44,533 LIVE. 190 00:09:44,533 --> 00:09:46,533 SO THEY DO GO BOTH DIRECTIONS. 191 00:09:46,533 --> 00:09:49,166 >> AND I MIGHT ADD IT'S NOT ALWAYS EXACTLY SOUTH. 192 00:09:49,166 --> 00:09:53,233 IT MIGHT BE TO THE SOUTHWEST, IT MIGHT BE TO THE SOUTHEAST IN THE 193 00:09:53,233 --> 00:09:56,533 FALL MIGRATION AND SOME BIRDS MIGHT EVEN GO MORE WEST THAN 194 00:09:56,533 --> 00:09:59,633 SOUTH OR EAST THAN SOUTH, DEPENDING ON WHERE THEY'RE 195 00:09:59,633 --> 00:10:00,800 HEADING FOR THE WINTER. 196 00:10:00,800 --> 00:10:03,700 SOME BIRDS MIGHT JUST BE MOVING TO A LOWER ELEVATION AREA. 197 00:10:03,700 --> 00:10:06,333 IF THEY'RE MOVING FROM A MOUNTAIN TO A VALLEY, IT MIGHT 198 00:10:06,333 --> 00:10:10,533 BE EASIER TO GO WEST AND DOWN SLOPE THAN FLYING EXACTLY DUE 199 00:10:10,533 --> 00:10:10,900 SOUTH. 200 00:10:10,900 --> 00:10:14,233 GENERALLY SOUTH, GENERALLY NORTH, DEPENDING ON THE SEASON, 201 00:10:14,233 --> 00:10:16,233 BUT THERE'S VARIATION. 202 00:10:16,233 --> 00:10:19,333 >> JAKE WOULD LIKE TO KNOW, HOW DO BIRDS FLAP THEIR WINGS SO 203 00:10:19,333 --> 00:10:23,233 THEY DON'T GET TIRED? 204 00:10:23,233 --> 00:10:29,100 >> I THINK YOU CAN FIND AN AWFUL LOT OF EVIDENCE FROM SCIENTISTS 205 00:10:29,100 --> 00:10:33,533 THAT BIRDS ARE REALLY TIRED WHEN THEY MAKE WHAT WE CALL LANDFALL. 206 00:10:33,533 --> 00:10:37,533 IF THEY'RE COMING ACROSS WATER, WHERE THE FIRST LAND THEY SEE, 207 00:10:37,533 --> 00:10:39,166 THEY DROP DOWN AND LOOK FOR FOOD. 208 00:10:39,166 --> 00:10:44,233 YOU CAN WALK UP TO THESE BIRDS, THEY'RE JUST EXHAUSTED. 209 00:10:44,233 --> 00:10:45,166 THEY'RE SO TIRED. 210 00:10:45,166 --> 00:10:49,333 TO I THINK FLAPPING A LOT AND BEING TIRED GO HAND IN HAND. 211 00:10:49,333 --> 00:10:52,900 >> BUT ALSO I THINK THAT THE FACT THAT BIRDS HAVE HIGHER 212 00:10:52,900 --> 00:10:56,367 EFFICIENCY AND TAKING OXYGEN OUT OF THEIR BLOOD AND THEREFORE OUT 213 00:10:56,367 --> 00:10:59,834 OF THE AIR MAKES THEM ABLE TO DO EXERCISE, WHICH IS WHAT THEY'RE 214 00:10:59,834 --> 00:11:02,633 DOING AS THEY'RE FLAPPING THEIR WINGS MORE EFFICIENTLY THAN WE 215 00:11:02,633 --> 00:11:04,166 MIGHT BE ABLE TO. 216 00:11:04,166 --> 00:11:07,900 AND THEN BECAUSE THEY STORE A LOT OF FAT, WHICH IS THEIR 217 00:11:07,900 --> 00:11:12,867 MIGRATORY FUEL, THAT ALLOWS THEM TO KEEP GOING AND GOING LIKE A 218 00:11:12,867 --> 00:11:16,000 BATTERY, BECAUSE IT PROVIDES FUEL, SOMETIMES FOR 24, 48, EVEN 219 00:11:16,000 --> 00:11:19,533 72 HOURS FOR SOME SPECIES OF CONTINUOUS FLYING. 220 00:11:19,533 --> 00:11:22,000 AND I THINK IT'S THAT COMBINATION OF USING FAT AS FUEL 221 00:11:22,000 --> 00:11:28,900 AS WELL AS THE OXYGEN EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY, THAT ALLOWS THEM TO 222 00:11:28,900 --> 00:11:32,533 DO THAT BEFORE THEY GET TO THAT TIREDNESS POINT. 223 00:11:32,533 --> 00:11:32,900 >> EXACTLY. 224 00:11:32,900 --> 00:11:39,066 THERE'S SOME AMAZING -- THERE'S A LITTLE WARBLER, THESE LITTLE 225 00:11:39,066 --> 00:11:44,967 DUDES WILL DO WHAT JAY WAS JUST TALKING B. THEY FLY, THEY MEET 226 00:11:44,967 --> 00:11:48,000 UP AT A STAGING AREA BEFORE THEY MIGRATE ON THE EAST COAST AND 227 00:11:48,000 --> 00:11:50,266 THEY FLY OVER THE ATLANTIC OCEAN TO SOUTH AMERICA. 228 00:11:50,266 --> 00:11:52,066 THAT'S ALMOST 2,500 MILES. 229 00:11:52,066 --> 00:11:54,333 AND THEY DO IT WITHOUT STOPPING. 230 00:11:54,333 --> 00:11:56,800 BECAUSE AS JAY MENTIONED, THEY'RE SO EFFICIENT. 231 00:11:56,800 --> 00:11:57,867 BUT THAT'S AMAZING. 232 00:11:57,867 --> 00:12:00,533 I COULDN'T IMAGINE ANY OF US TRYING TO DO THAT. 233 00:12:00,533 --> 00:12:01,800 WE JUST COULDN'T. 234 00:12:01,800 --> 00:12:06,000 IT'S PRETTY REMARKABLE WHAT THEY'RE ABLE TO DO. 235 00:12:06,000 --> 00:12:10,066 >> FROM RIVERSIDE SCHOOL IN BOISE, CAMERON WANTS TO KNOW, 236 00:12:10,066 --> 00:12:12,867 WHERE DO FLAMINGOS MIGRATE TO? 237 00:12:12,867 --> 00:12:14,700 ARE THEY RESIDENT BIRDS? 238 00:12:14,700 --> 00:12:17,333 >> THERE ARE FLAMINGOS WITHIN NORTH AMERICA. 239 00:12:17,333 --> 00:12:20,633 WE HAVE SOME THAT LIVE IN SOUTHERN FLORIDA, AND THERE'S A 240 00:12:20,633 --> 00:12:23,166 POPULATION THAT LIVES THROUGHOUT THE CARIBBEAN ON EASTERN MEXICO, 241 00:12:23,166 --> 00:12:26,166 AS WELL AS DOWN TO THE NORTH SLOPE OF SOUTH AMERICA, AND I 242 00:12:26,166 --> 00:12:28,600 THINK THERE MIGHT BE SOME MIGRATION BETWEEN THOSE AREAS. 243 00:12:28,600 --> 00:12:31,266 BUT I THINK SOME ARE ALSO RESIDENTS WITHIN THAT AREA AS 244 00:12:31,266 --> 00:12:31,533 WELL. 245 00:12:31,533 --> 00:12:34,333 IT PROBABLY DEPENDS ON FOOD SOURCES AND CERTAIN TIMES OF 246 00:12:34,333 --> 00:12:37,700 YEAR THAT CERTAIN AREAS ARE MORE PRODUCTIVE THAN OTHERS. 247 00:12:37,700 --> 00:12:41,000 >> AND JENNA FROM THE SAME QLOOS LIKE TO KNOW, WHERE DO THE BIRDS 248 00:12:41,000 --> 00:12:44,066 FROM IDAHO MOSTLY GO? 249 00:12:44,066 --> 00:12:48,000 >> I GUESS THAT DEPENDS ON THE KIND OF BIRD. 250 00:12:48,000 --> 00:12:52,166 OUR MOUNTAIN BLUEBIRD MIGRATES TO THE SOUTHERN U.S., PRETTY 251 00:12:52,166 --> 00:12:52,633 MUCH. 252 00:12:52,633 --> 00:12:58,100 BUT A RUFUS HUMMINGBIRD MAY MIGRATE TO CENTRAL AMERICA, 253 00:12:58,100 --> 00:13:00,867 OSPREYS GO TO SOUTH AMERICA, SO IT DEPENDS UPON THE KIND OF BIRD 254 00:13:00,867 --> 00:13:02,433 AS TO HOW FAR THEY WILL GO. 255 00:13:02,433 --> 00:13:05,066 >> I THINK THE HIGHEST PERCENTAGE OF SPECIES PROBABLY 256 00:13:05,066 --> 00:13:10,066 DO END UP IN CENTRAL MEXICO, THAT SEEMS TO BE A CORE FOR -- A 257 00:13:10,066 --> 00:13:12,800 CORE AREA FOR THE WINTERING RANGE THAT HOSTS THE HIGHEST 258 00:13:12,800 --> 00:13:16,266 NUMBER OF IDAHO SPECIES DURING THE WINTER. 259 00:13:16,266 --> 00:13:19,433 LIKE SHE SAID, ANYWHERE FROM NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA TO 260 00:13:19,433 --> 00:13:23,166 SOUTHERN UNITED STATES, BUT WITH A CORE AREA IN WESTERN MEXICO. 261 00:13:23,166 --> 00:13:23,433 >> OK. 262 00:13:23,433 --> 00:13:29,900 LET'S GO TO ELISE IN BOISE. 263 00:13:29,900 --> 00:13:31,900 GO AHEAD. 264 00:13:31,900 --> 00:13:34,633 >> Caller: WHAT KIND OF BIRDS ARE ADAPTED TO LIVING IN WINTER 265 00:13:34,633 --> 00:13:37,166 INSTEAD OF GOING SOUTH? 266 00:13:37,166 --> 00:13:38,333 >> THAT'S A GOOD QUESTION. 267 00:13:38,333 --> 00:13:40,700 THERE ARE SEVERAL. 268 00:13:40,700 --> 00:13:43,700 SOME, INCLUDING RAPTORS LIKE A RED TAILED HAWK THAT MIGHT FEED 269 00:13:43,700 --> 00:13:47,333 ESPECIALLY ON SMALL MAMMALS OR A BALD EAGLE THAT FEEDS ON FISH, 270 00:13:47,333 --> 00:13:49,700 DOESN'T NEED TO MIGRATE AS FAR. 271 00:13:49,700 --> 00:13:53,867 OTHER BIRDS LIKE A BLACK CAPPED CHICKADEE THAT CAN SWITCH THEIR 272 00:13:53,867 --> 00:13:58,033 DIET FOR MORE INSECTS TO MORE SEEDS AND FRUIT CAN STAY HERE. 273 00:13:58,033 --> 00:14:04,266 OTHER BIRDS LIKE SPARROWS, THAT ARE THE MORE COMMON WINTERING 274 00:14:04,266 --> 00:14:07,233 BIRDS IN THE TREASURE VALLEY, FEED ON SEEDS THROUGH THE 275 00:14:07,233 --> 00:14:07,500 WINTER. 276 00:14:07,500 --> 00:14:10,500 SO THEY'RE ABLE TO STAY HERE THROUGH THE WINTER. 277 00:14:10,500 --> 00:14:15,900 >> AN EMAIL FROM MRS. McCOY'S CLASS WOULD LIKE TO KNOW, DO 278 00:14:15,900 --> 00:14:16,734 OWLS MIGRATE? 279 00:14:16,734 --> 00:14:17,500 >> THEY DO. 280 00:14:17,500 --> 00:14:20,333 JAY IS AN EXPERT ON THAT, SO I'LL LET YOU TAKE THAT QUESTION. 281 00:14:20,333 --> 00:14:24,100 >> THERE ARE SOME OWL SPECIES THAT DO MIGRATE AND SOME THAT 282 00:14:24,100 --> 00:14:24,333 DON'T. 283 00:14:24,333 --> 00:14:32,233 UP IN THE BOISE FOOTHILLS WE STUDY NORTHERN OWLS AND 284 00:14:32,233 --> 00:14:36,333 FLAPULATED OWLS, WHICH EAT INSECTS, BUT SOME OTHERS, AND SO 285 00:14:36,333 --> 00:14:40,066 THEY NEED TO MIGRATE TO AT LEAST THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES, 286 00:14:40,066 --> 00:14:43,533 MOSTLY TO WEST CENTRAL MEXICO AND FARTHER SOUTH TO PINE 287 00:14:43,533 --> 00:14:45,800 FORESTS DOWN THERE TO SURVIVE THE WINTER. 288 00:14:45,800 --> 00:14:49,433 WHEREAS SAW WOOD OWLS, ALSO A SMALL OWL, BUT THEY RELY ON 289 00:14:49,433 --> 00:14:53,633 SMALL MAMMALS, SO THEIR MIGRATION IS A SHORTER DISTANCE, 290 00:14:53,633 --> 00:14:57,066 SO THEIR MOVEMENT MIGHT BE JUST TWO OR 300 MILES IN ORDER TO 291 00:14:57,066 --> 00:15:00,367 REACH AN AREA THAT HAS HIGHER FOOD SUPPLIES. 292 00:15:00,367 --> 00:15:03,867 BUT GREAT HORNED OWLS, ANOTHER COMMON RESIDENT BIRD HERE, THEY 293 00:15:03,867 --> 00:15:07,433 DON'T MIGRATE BECAUSE THEY HAVE FOOD SOURCES ANYWHERE FROM SMALL 294 00:15:07,433 --> 00:15:11,433 MA'AM WRAPS OR BIRDS TO RACOONS AND SKUNKS THAT THEY CAN EAT ALL 295 00:15:11,433 --> 00:15:11,800 YEAR-ROUND. 296 00:15:11,800 --> 00:15:17,066 AND THEY DON'T SMEL THE SKUNK, SO IT DOESN'T BOTHER THEM TO 297 00:15:17,066 --> 00:15:19,633 HAVE THE SKUNK SMELL ON THEM. 298 00:15:19,633 --> 00:15:25,633 >> LEAH AT CYNTHIA MANN ELEMENTARY WOULD LIKE TO KNOW 299 00:15:25,633 --> 00:15:29,000 WHY CAN'T BIRDS JUST HIBERNATE? 300 00:15:29,000 --> 00:15:31,800 DO THEY ANYTHING LIKE BEARS DO? 301 00:15:31,800 --> 00:15:37,266 >> THEY DON'T HIBERNATE, BUT THERE ARE SOME BIRDS THAT WILL 302 00:15:37,266 --> 00:15:40,600 VOLUNTARILY LOWER THEIR BODY TEMPERATURE, SO, FOR INSTANCE, 303 00:15:40,600 --> 00:15:43,333 CHICKADEES CAN DO THIS AT NIGHT WHERE THEY CAN STORE UP FAT FROM 304 00:15:43,333 --> 00:15:46,500 THE FOOD THEY EAT DURING THE DAY, AND THEN THEY LOWER THEIR 305 00:15:46,500 --> 00:15:49,800 BODY TEMPERATURE AT NIGHT SO THAT THEY DON'T HAVE TO KEEP 306 00:15:49,800 --> 00:15:55,000 THEIR BODY AS WARM AND USE AS MUCH ENERGY TO DO THAT, BUT THEY 307 00:15:55,000 --> 00:15:59,367 STILL HAVE TO SHIVER TO KEEP IT TO SOME BASELINE LEVEL OF WARMTH 308 00:15:59,367 --> 00:16:01,533 SO THEIR BODY ORGANS DON'T FAIL. 309 00:16:01,533 --> 00:16:04,166 BUT IF YOU WERE TO FIND A BIRD LIKE THAT AT 3:00 IN THE MOING 310 00:16:04,166 --> 00:16:07,533 HIDING IN A BUSH, IT MIGHT NOT BE VERY RESPONSIVE BECAUSE IT 311 00:16:07,533 --> 00:16:10,333 WOULD JUST BE IN A SHIVERING STATE AND NOT AWARE YET. 312 00:16:10,333 --> 00:16:13,266 IN THE MORNING THEY'LL TURN IT BACK ON, AND OVER THE COURSE OF 313 00:16:13,266 --> 00:16:16,166 A HALF HOUR OR SO THEIR BODY WARMS UP AGAIN AND THEY'RE READY 314 00:16:16,166 --> 00:16:18,166 TO START FLYING AROUND. 315 00:16:18,166 --> 00:16:23,233 AND THERE'S ACTUALLY A BIRD RELATED TO THE NIGHT HAWK WHICH 316 00:16:23,233 --> 00:16:28,066 WILL GO INTO TORPOR FOR LONGER PERIODS, BUT NOT IN IDAHO. 317 00:16:28,066 --> 00:16:30,266 THEY'LL DO IT IN THE WINTER IN THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES, LIKE 318 00:16:30,266 --> 00:16:32,700 ARIZONA OR NEW MEXICO, OR EVEN INTO NORTHERN MEXICO. 319 00:16:32,700 --> 00:16:35,066 >> I DON'T THINK OF THAT AS VERY COLD. 320 00:16:35,066 --> 00:16:37,867 >> BUT THERE ARE COLDER NIGHTS ON THE DESERT, BECAUSE THERE CAN 321 00:16:37,867 --> 00:16:43,433 BE SUCH DRAMATIC SHIFTS FROM A DAYTIME HIGH OF 80 OR 85 TO 322 00:16:43,433 --> 00:16:43,700 FREEZING. 323 00:16:43,700 --> 00:16:46,266 THEY'LL GO INTO TORPOR FOR A COUPLE WEEKS AT A TIME AND 324 00:16:46,266 --> 00:16:49,800 HIDING UNDER A BUNCH GRASS, OR A SHRUB, AND THEN THEY'LL COME 325 00:16:49,800 --> 00:16:53,266 OUT, MAYBE DEFECATE, POOP, SOMETHING LIKE THAT, AND BE 326 00:16:53,266 --> 00:16:56,800 ACTIVE FOR A DAY OR TWO, AND BE BACK INTO TORPOR AND THAT'S A 327 00:16:56,800 --> 00:16:59,633 WAY OF GETTING THROUGH THE WINTER. 328 00:16:59,633 --> 00:17:04,166 >> IS IT IMPORTANT TO PUT BIRD FEEDERS OUT HERE IN THE WINTER? 329 00:17:04,166 --> 00:17:08,700 >> IT'S BEEN INTERESTING, PEOPLE HAVE WONDERED, IF I PUT FEEDERS 330 00:17:08,700 --> 00:17:11,533 OUT WILL BIRDS BECOME DEPENDENT ON THE FEETERS? 331 00:17:11,533 --> 00:17:14,233 SOME RESEARCH INDICATES IF YOU PUT A BIRD FEEDER OUT, THE 332 00:17:14,233 --> 00:17:16,700 RESIDENT GROUP OF BIRDS IN YOUR NEIGHBORHOOD WILL START USING 333 00:17:16,700 --> 00:17:19,600 THAT FEEDER AS AN EXTRA FOOD SOURCE. 334 00:17:19,600 --> 00:17:22,633 IF THE FOOD GOES AWAY, THEY'RE STILL GOING TO LOOK FOR FOOD 335 00:17:22,633 --> 00:17:22,900 ELSEWHERE. 336 00:17:22,900 --> 00:17:25,266 WHAT FEEDERS HAVE ACTUALLY DONE IN PARTS OF THE EASTERN UNITED 337 00:17:25,266 --> 00:17:28,633 STATES IS THEY'VE ALLOWED SOME MORE SOUTHERN BIRDS TO KIND OF 338 00:17:28,633 --> 00:17:33,066 MOVE THEIR REGULAR RANGE, THE PLACE THEY LIVE, FARTHER NORTH. 339 00:17:33,066 --> 00:17:37,233 CARDINALS IN THE NORTHERN MIDWEST IS ONE EXAMPLE OF A BIRD 340 00:17:37,233 --> 00:17:39,100 THAT HAS KIND OF BENEFITED FROM FEEDERS. 341 00:17:39,100 --> 00:17:41,900 I LIKE HAVING FEEDERS IN MY YARD BECAUSE I LOVE TO WATCH THE 342 00:17:41,900 --> 00:17:43,100 BIRDS IN THE BACK YARD. 343 00:17:43,100 --> 00:17:49,433 AND IT'S A GREAT WAY TO OBSERVE NATURE UP CLOSE, AND IF YOU'RE 344 00:17:49,433 --> 00:17:52,734 FEEDING SUN FROWER SEEDS, THINGS LIKE THAT, YOU CAN GET 345 00:17:52,734 --> 00:17:53,600 INTERESTING BIRDS. 346 00:17:53,600 --> 00:17:55,867 >> YOU MIGHT BE ABLE TO SEE CHANGES IN THE BIRD COMMUNITY 347 00:17:55,867 --> 00:17:59,834 THROUGHOUT THE YEAR AND SEE WHO HAS MIGRATED OR WHO IS THERE 348 00:17:59,834 --> 00:18:01,600 THAT'S NO LONGER THERE IN THE WINTER TIME. 349 00:18:01,600 --> 00:18:04,700 THAT'S A NEAT WAY TO CONNECT WITH NATURE. 350 00:18:04,700 --> 00:18:09,000 >> LET'S GO TO HAVEN IN BOISE. 351 00:18:09,000 --> 00:18:11,066 ARE YOU THERE? 352 00:18:11,066 --> 00:18:11,533 >> Caller: YEAH. 353 00:18:11,533 --> 00:18:14,233 >> GO AHEAD. 354 00:18:14,233 --> 00:18:16,633 >> Caller: DO BIRDS CARRY DISEASES? 355 00:18:16,633 --> 00:18:18,700 >> DO BIRDS CARRY DISEASES? 356 00:18:18,700 --> 00:18:19,800 GOOD QUESTION. 357 00:18:19,800 --> 00:18:21,900 >> YEAH, BIRD DOES CARRY DISEASES. 358 00:18:21,900 --> 00:18:23,533 AND IT DEPENDS ON THEAREA. 359 00:18:23,533 --> 00:18:27,800 SOME PLACEMIGHT HAVE A HIGHER PREVALENCE OF DISEASE, OR A 360 00:18:27,800 --> 00:18:30,600 HIGHER PERCENTAGE OF THE POPULATION HAS DISEASE. 361 00:18:30,600 --> 00:18:33,734 WE, FOR INSTANCE HERE IN SOUTHWESTERN IDAHO DURING 362 00:18:33,734 --> 00:18:37,533 MIGRATION WILL SEE BIRDS CARRYING A VIRUS CALLED AVIAN 363 00:18:37,533 --> 00:18:37,867 POX. 364 00:18:37,867 --> 00:18:40,333 THAT AFFECTS THEIR FEET SOMETIMES, AND SOMETIMES THE 365 00:18:40,333 --> 00:18:43,433 EDGE OF THEIR BILL, THE FLESH NEAR THE BASE OF THEIR BILL. 366 00:18:43,433 --> 00:18:47,333 THIS DOES NOT SEEM TO BE A FATAL DISEASE, BUT SOMETIMES IT DOES 367 00:18:47,333 --> 00:18:50,166 CAUSE THEM TO LOSE A TOE OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT. 368 00:18:50,166 --> 00:18:54,734 IT'S NOT A REALLY DANGEROUS DISEASE OR REALLY PREVALENT 369 00:18:54,734 --> 00:18:58,533 AMONG THE POPULATION, BUT THERE ARE OTHER AREAS WHERE A DISEASE 370 00:18:58,533 --> 00:19:02,233 LIKE THAT CAN BE A LOT MORE DANGEROUS TO BIRD POPULATIONS. 371 00:19:02,233 --> 00:19:06,600 >> JOS AT CYNTHIA MAN ELEMENTARY WOULD LIKE TO KNOW 372 00:19:06,600 --> 00:19:11,333 HOW LONG HAVE THE TWO OF YOU BEEN STUDYING BIRDS AND BIRD 373 00:19:11,333 --> 00:19:12,633 MIGRATION? 374 00:19:12,633 --> 00:19:18,500 >> I GUESS -- I'M NOT A PROFESSIONAL ORNITHOLOGIST. 375 00:19:18,500 --> 00:19:22,066 BIRDS HAVE BEEN MY HOBBY, I'VE BEEN A BIRD WATCHER SINCE I WAS 376 00:19:22,066 --> 00:19:24,166 PROBABLY THIS YOUNG LADY'S AGE. 377 00:19:24,166 --> 00:19:27,500 I'VE ALWAYS LOVED BIRDS, AND I'M LUCKY SINCE I DO EDUCATION I GET 378 00:19:27,500 --> 00:19:29,900 TO HELP PEOPLE LEARN ABOUT BIRDS, WHICH IS FUN. 379 00:19:29,900 --> 00:19:32,900 A LONG, LONG TIME, I'M PRETTY ANCIENT. 380 00:19:32,900 --> 00:19:36,600 MOST OF MY LIFE I'VE BEEN INTERESTED AND FASCINATED BY 381 00:19:36,600 --> 00:19:36,800 BIRDS. 382 00:19:36,800 --> 00:19:39,967 >> I BEGAN TO GET INTERESTED IN BIRDS WHEN I WAS 16 OR 17. 383 00:19:39,967 --> 00:19:40,900 IT TOOK A WHILE. 384 00:19:40,900 --> 00:19:43,000 I WAS TOO INTO SPORTS FOR A WHILE. 385 00:19:43,000 --> 00:19:46,000 AND I'VE BEEN STUDYING MIGRATION FOR THE LAST 14 YEARS. 386 00:19:46,000 --> 00:19:48,800 IT'S SOMETHING I GET REALLY EXCITED ABOUT. 387 00:19:48,800 --> 00:19:53,066 STUDYING BIRDS FOR 17 OR 18 YEARS SINCE COLLEGE, BASICALLY, 388 00:19:53,066 --> 00:19:56,266 BUT MIGRATION FOR THE LAST 14 YEARS, AND I HOPE FOR EVERY YEAR 389 00:19:56,266 --> 00:19:57,500 THE REST OF MY LIFE. 390 00:19:57,500 --> 00:20:00,734 >> IF YOU WANT TO STUDY BIRDS, WHAT SHOULD YOU STUDY? 391 00:20:00,734 --> 00:20:06,533 >> IN SCHOOL I THINK GETTING A BIOLOGY DEGREE DURING YOUR 392 00:20:06,533 --> 00:20:10,000 UNDERGRADUATE IS DEFINITELY IMPORTANT, AND GETTING SOME 393 00:20:10,000 --> 00:20:13,900 EXPERIENCE, MAYBE AN INTERNSHIP OR SEVERAL SEASONAL JOBS WORKING 394 00:20:13,900 --> 00:20:16,800 WITH DIFFERENT PEOPLE TO GET A TASTE FOR WHAT YOU LIKE. 395 00:20:16,800 --> 00:20:22,233 SO, FOR INSTANCE, I WORK SEVERAL BREEDING SEASONS THAT AIM REALLY 396 00:20:22,233 --> 00:20:25,433 DIFFERENT HAWKS AND OWLS, AND I HAD A CHANCE TO STUDY MIGRATION 397 00:20:25,433 --> 00:20:26,700 HERE, AND THAT GOT ME HOOKED. 398 00:20:26,700 --> 00:20:30,166 I WAS ALREAD HOOKED ON BIRDS AND SCIENCE, BUT STUDYING 399 00:20:30,166 --> 00:20:32,533 MIGRATION, A LOT OF THE QUESTIONS WE'VE SEEN TODAY ARE 400 00:20:32,533 --> 00:20:33,900 SO FASCINATING. 401 00:20:33,900 --> 00:20:35,900 HOW DO BIRDS FLY THAT FAR AND FAST? 402 00:20:35,900 --> 00:20:38,533 WE GET TO STUDY AT LEAST ONE PORTION OF THAT IN IDAHO, 403 00:20:38,533 --> 00:20:41,233 UNDERSTANDING HOW THEY'RE ABLE TO PUT THAT FAT ON, HOW LONG IT 404 00:20:41,233 --> 00:20:43,000 TAKES TO DO THAT. 405 00:20:43,000 --> 00:20:47,433 SO HAVING THAT EXPERIENCE, STUDYING MIGRATION, SORT OF SUNK 406 00:20:47,433 --> 00:20:50,166 THE HOOK INTO ME, AND I CONTINUED FROM THERE. 407 00:20:50,166 --> 00:20:54,867 A COMBINATION OF SCHOOL AS WELL AS GETTING INTERNSHIP 408 00:20:54,867 --> 00:20:58,000 SPEERNTIONZ GETTING OUT THERE WITH A PROFESSIONAL, LOTS OF 409 00:20:58,000 --> 00:21:01,633 PEOPLE IN THE STATE WOULD BE HAPPY TO HAVE PEOPLE ALONG TO 410 00:21:01,633 --> 00:21:03,367 SHADOW THEM TO GET A SENSE OF WHAT YOU LIKE. 411 00:21:03,367 --> 00:21:06,233 >> IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE ABOUT IT, THERE'S AN OPPORTUNITY 412 00:21:06,233 --> 00:21:08,633 AT THE PUBLIC LIBRARIES ACROSS THE STATE. 413 00:21:08,633 --> 00:21:11,266 >> IDAHO FAMILY READING WEEK IS NOVEMBER 15th THROUGH THE 414 00:21:11,266 --> 00:21:15,233 21st THIS YEAR, AND THEIR THEME IS IDAHO IS WILD ABOUT 415 00:21:15,233 --> 00:21:15,533 READING. 416 00:21:15,533 --> 00:21:18,066 AND OUR PUBLIC LIBRARIES ALL OVER THE STATE AND I THINK SOME 417 00:21:18,066 --> 00:21:21,800 OF THE SCHOOL LIBRARIES, TALK TO YOUR LIBRARIAN, WILL BE HAVING 418 00:21:21,800 --> 00:21:25,800 DIFFERENT PROGRAMS ABOUT WILDLIFE AND NATURE, AND THEY'LL 419 00:21:25,800 --> 00:21:29,100 HAVE BOOKS THAT YOU CAN CHECK OUT TO READ ABOUT THESE. 420 00:21:29,100 --> 00:21:30,533 SO CHECK THOSE THINGS OUT. 421 00:21:30,533 --> 00:21:33,900 YOU MAY FIND SOME COOL WILD STUFF THAT YOU WANT TO READ 422 00:21:33,900 --> 00:21:34,166 ABOUT. 423 00:21:34,166 --> 00:21:37,066 WINTER IS COMING, GREAT TIME TO CURL UP WITH GOOD BOOKS AND 424 00:21:37,066 --> 00:21:39,533 LEARN ABOUT WHAT'S WILD OUTSIDE IN IDAHO. 425 00:21:39,533 --> 00:21:40,500 ENCOURAGE EVERYBODY TO DO THAT. 426 00:21:40,500 --> 00:21:43,333 >> YOU CAN GO TO THE "D4K" WEBSITE. 427 00:21:43,333 --> 00:21:47,633 MOST OF THE SUBJECTS HAVE A READING LIST OF BOOKS 428 00:21:47,633 --> 00:21:47,967 APPROPRIATE. 429 00:21:47,967 --> 00:21:51,800 TAKE A LOOK ON THE "D4K" WEBSITE AT IDAHOPTV.ORG. 430 00:21:51,800 --> 00:21:54,900 CLICK ON "D4K" AND LOOK FOR YOUR SPECIFIC TOPIC. 431 00:21:54,900 --> 00:22:01,600 OUR NEXT ONE, KILE UNTIL BOISE WOULD LIKE TO KNOW, WHY DO SOME 432 00:22:01,600 --> 00:22:07,800 BIRDS MAKE REALLY DEEP NESTS AND OTHERS DON'T? 433 00:22:07,800 --> 00:22:13,233 >> I GUESS PART OF THAT WOULD DEPEND UPON THE KIND OF BIRDS. 434 00:22:13,233 --> 00:22:15,900 ALSO SOMESOMETIMES THEIR BODY SHAPE THAT THEY USE -- WHEN I 435 00:22:15,900 --> 00:22:20,000 THINK OF DEEPER NESTS, HUMMINGBIRDS HAVE DEEP NESTS, 436 00:22:20,000 --> 00:22:22,533 SOME OF THE SONG BIRDS HAVE CUP NESTS. 437 00:22:22,533 --> 00:22:26,700 BUT THEN YOU CAN HAVE SOME RAPTOR NESTS THAT ARE 438 00:22:26,700 --> 00:22:26,967 FLATTENED. 439 00:22:26,967 --> 00:22:30,800 PARTLY I THINK MAYBE WHAT THEY MAKE THE NEST OUT OF IS PART OF 440 00:22:30,800 --> 00:22:31,066 THAT. 441 00:22:31,066 --> 00:22:34,734 STICKS ARE HARDER TO MUSH AROUND TO YOUR BODY SHAPE THAN MUD 442 00:22:34,734 --> 00:22:39,100 WOULD BE. 443 00:22:39,100 --> 00:22:44,433 >> ONE SPECIES BUILDS VERY DEEP NESTS, THEY CRAWL INTO IT, 444 00:22:44,433 --> 00:22:50,166 THERE'S LIKE THIS HANGING SACK THE I DON'T RECALL SITS IN. 445 00:22:50,166 --> 00:22:53,266 T MIGHT PROVIDE TEMPERATURE REGULATION TO KEEP A NEST FROM 446 00:22:53,266 --> 00:22:55,066 GETTING TOO HOT OR TOO COLD. 447 00:22:55,066 --> 00:22:58,200 THEN I THINK OF A MORNING DOVE THAT BUILDS A FLAT NEST AND 448 00:22:58,200 --> 00:23:01,000 MAYBE FOR THEM IT'S BECAUSE SOMETIMES THEY BUILD NESTS ON 449 00:23:01,000 --> 00:23:04,800 THE GROUND, OTHER TIMES THEY BUILD NESTS ON TREE BRANCHES. 450 00:23:04,800 --> 00:23:08,100 MAYBE THEY HAVE A NEST TYPE THAT'S ADAPTABLE AND CAN CHANGE 451 00:23:08,100 --> 00:23:11,066 DEPENDING ON WHERE THEY ARE. 452 00:23:11,066 --> 00:23:15,700 >> ON THE PHONE I'M GOING TO GET TO YOU IN A MOMENT, STAY TUNED, 453 00:23:15,700 --> 00:23:17,367 I'LL GET ON YOU THE WEB EXTRA. 454 00:23:17,367 --> 00:23:20,633 KENTON FROM HAYDEN MEADOWS IN COEUR D'ALENE, WHAT'S THE 455 00:23:20,633 --> 00:23:24,433 BIGGEST BIRD? 456 00:23:24,433 --> 00:23:25,233 >> PROBABLY OSTRICH. 457 00:23:25,233 --> 00:23:30,000 >> OR EMU ARE PROBABLY THE LARGEST LIVING BIRDS. 458 00:23:30,000 --> 00:23:33,100 >> AND KELLEN WOULD LIKE TO KNOW -- 459 00:23:33,100 --> 00:23:35,734 >> BACK TO THE BIGGEST BIRD, PART OF THE REASON THOSE BIRDS 460 00:23:35,734 --> 00:23:38,266 ARE SO BIG IS THEY DON'T FLY. 461 00:23:38,266 --> 00:23:41,633 AND THEREFORE WITHOUT HAVING THE WINGS, THEY CAN PUT ON EXTRA 462 00:23:41,633 --> 00:23:44,633 BODY WEIGHT BECAUSE IF THEY HAD TO FLY THEY WOULDN'T BE ABLE TO 463 00:23:44,633 --> 00:23:46,367 CARRY THAT WEIGHT. 464 00:23:46,367 --> 00:23:50,166 >> AND MICHAEL FROM THAT SAME CLASS WOULD LIKE TO KNOW, WHY 465 00:23:50,166 --> 00:23:53,633 CAN'T PENGUINS FLY? 466 00:23:53,633 --> 00:23:57,900 >> THEIR WHOLE BODY SHAPE AND THEIR WINGS ARE NOW FLIPPERS. 467 00:23:57,900 --> 00:24:02,367 SO THEIR ENTIRE LIFE HAS EVOLVED SO THEY'VE ADAPTED TO WATER. 468 00:24:02,367 --> 00:24:06,066 AND THEIR WHOLE BODIES -- THEY WEIGH MORE NOW, AND THOSE LITTLE 469 00:24:06,066 --> 00:24:08,734 FLIPPERS, WHILE THEY'RE FABULOUS FOR GETTING THROUGH THE WATER, 470 00:24:08,734 --> 00:24:10,900 COULDN'T LIFT THEM ON THE GROUND. 471 00:24:10,900 --> 00:24:14,900 THEIR A FEATHERS -- FEATHERS ARE DIFFERENT TOO. 472 00:24:14,900 --> 00:24:19,066 THEIR FEATHERS ARE MORE FOR HOLDING IN HEAT FOR INSULATION, 473 00:24:19,066 --> 00:24:25,433 AND FOR THESE -- USING THEM FOR BUOYANCY FOR DIVING AS WELL. 474 00:24:25,433 --> 00:24:27,967 >> THEY'RE MORE LIKE A DOLPHIN. 475 00:24:27,967 --> 00:24:31,333 >> FROM MRS. TANNER'S CLASS, WHY DO BIRDS FLY IN GROUPS? 476 00:24:31,333 --> 00:24:33,433 WE TALKED ABOUT THAT V FORMATION. 477 00:24:33,433 --> 00:24:35,633 WHY ARE THEY A LITTLE IN SUCH BIG NUMBERS TOGETHER? 478 00:24:35,633 --> 00:24:38,367 >> I WOULD SAY MAYBE THEY'RE NOT ALWAYS IN SUCH BIG NUMBERS 479 00:24:38,367 --> 00:24:41,266 TOGETHER, BUT THEY OFTEN ARE DURING MIGRATION IN WINTER, AND 480 00:24:41,266 --> 00:24:43,867 SOME OF THAT COULD BE SAFETY IN NUMBERS. 481 00:24:43,867 --> 00:24:46,367 SO, FOR INSTANCE, IF Y HAVE A PREY SPECIES, WHETHER IT'S A 482 00:24:46,367 --> 00:24:50,100 SONG BIRD OR A GOOSE, AND YOU'RE HANGING OUT WITH 99 OTHER 483 00:24:50,100 --> 00:24:54,333 FRIENDS AND RELATIVES, MAYBE YOU HAVE A MUCH SMALLER CHANCE OF 484 00:24:54,333 --> 00:24:58,533 BEING NOTICED OR ACTUALLY TAKEN BY A PREDATOR, WHEREAS IF YOU 485 00:24:58,533 --> 00:25:02,333 WERE ON YOUR OWN FLYING OVER SOME GRASSY MEADOW REALLY 486 00:25:02,333 --> 00:25:10,266 OBVIOUS, THAT MIGHT MAKE YOU MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TOLL PREDATION. 487 00:25:10,266 --> 00:25:14,166 >> JACOB FROM MRS. WHITTLE'S CLASS WOULD LIKE TO KNOW, WHEN 488 00:25:14,166 --> 00:25:16,333 DO BIRDS KNOW WHO MIGRATE? 489 00:25:16,333 --> 00:25:18,900 HOW DO THEY FIGURE OUT IT'S TIME TO GO? 490 00:25:18,900 --> 00:25:21,100 >> THAT'S BEEN PONDERED FOR A LONG, LONG TIME. 491 00:25:21,100 --> 00:25:22,967 THERE'S A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT REASONS. 492 00:25:22,967 --> 00:25:26,166 WE ALL HAVE THESE INTERNAL CLOCKS THAT TELL US WHEN THE 493 00:25:26,166 --> 00:25:28,633 DAYLIGHT SHIFTS, AND BIRDS CAN DETERMINE THAT. 494 00:25:28,633 --> 00:25:32,266 WE EVEN NOTICE IT I THINK TO A CERTAIN EXTENT, HUMANE SOCIETY 495 00:25:32,266 --> 00:25:33,734 DO. 496 00:25:33,734 --> 00:25:38,000 AS THIS -- THEY TELL THIS -- THEY HAVE A GLAND IN 497 00:25:38,000 --> 00:25:41,367 THEIR BRAIN, AND IT TELLS THEM IT'S TIME TO LEAVE, IT'S TIME TO 498 00:25:41,367 --> 00:25:41,600 MOVE. 499 00:25:41,600 --> 00:25:44,433 AND THEY GO THROUGH ALL THESE DIFFERENT THINGS, THEY BECOME 500 00:25:44,433 --> 00:25:46,533 RESTLESS, THEY START EATING A LOT. 501 00:25:46,533 --> 00:25:48,867 THEY'RE LIKE YOUR TEENAGE BROTHER, SITTING AT HOME AND 502 00:25:48,867 --> 00:25:52,266 EATING EVERYTHING. 503 00:25:52,266 --> 00:25:55,500 AND WHEN THEIR BODY IS READY, THEY JUST GO. 504 00:25:55,500 --> 00:25:57,633 BUT THERE'S STILL A LOT OF DISCUSSION ABOUT EXACTLY HOW 505 00:25:57,633 --> 00:26:01,066 THAT HAPPENS, EXACTLY WHEN IT IS TRIGGERED. 506 00:26:01,066 --> 00:26:06,166 >> I THINK THE -- FOR THE SPECIES THAT AREN'T TIED INTO 507 00:26:06,166 --> 00:26:10,600 THE DAYLIGHT, THERE MIGHT BE SOME SPECIES WHO ONLY MOVE WHEN 508 00:26:10,600 --> 00:26:12,734 CONDITIONS CHANGE. 509 00:26:12,734 --> 00:26:15,233 SO SEED EATERS AND PREDATORS MIGHT BE ABLE TO RESPOND TO A 510 00:26:15,233 --> 00:26:18,633 SHORTAGE OF FOOD AND THAT'S WHEN THEY KNOW TO MIGRATE. 511 00:26:18,633 --> 00:26:23,367 OTHER BIRDS, LIKE A WARBLER, IT'S ALL ABOUT DAYLIGHT. 512 00:26:23,367 --> 00:26:26,166 WHEN IT NIGHT IS LONG ENOUGH, AND THEY'RE LIKE, OK, IT'S TIME 513 00:26:26,166 --> 00:26:27,800 TO GO. 514 00:26:27,800 --> 00:26:32,433 AN OWL MIGHT MIGRATE WHEN THERE AREN'T ENOUGH MICE TO EAT AND 515 00:26:32,433 --> 00:26:34,333 THEY CAN SENSE THAT INTERNALLY. 516 00:26:34,333 --> 00:26:36,700 >> SARAH AND ANDREW AND JACOB ARE ON THE PHONE. 517 00:26:36,700 --> 00:26:37,433 STAY WITH US. 518 00:26:37,433 --> 00:26:40,700 WE'LL GO AHEAD AND PICK YOU UP ON THE OTHER SIDE ON OUR WEB 519 00:26:40,700 --> 00:26:40,900 EXTRA. 520 00:26:40,900 --> 00:26:46,867 STAY WITH US, AND I'VE GOT ONE REALLY QUICK QUESTION -- WHY DO 521 00:26:46,867 --> 00:26:49,333 BIRDS SING? 522 00:26:49,333 --> 00:26:52,500 >> MOSTLY IT'S THE MALES THAT SING, AND IF YOU WANT TO ATTRACT 523 00:26:52,500 --> 00:26:56,433 A GIRL, YOU WANT TO LOOK GOOD, SOUND GOOD, AND IT'S TO ATTRACT 524 00:26:56,433 --> 00:26:59,734 A FEMALE AND TO ESTABLISH A TERRITORY, SO THEY'RE SAYING, 525 00:26:59,734 --> 00:27:03,000 HEY, YOU, STAY AWAY FROM MY TERRITORY, THIS IS MY SPOT! 526 00:27:03,000 --> 00:27:10,533 AND THEY'RE SAYING, HEY, BABY, WANT TO COME NEST WITH ME? 527 00:27:10,533 --> 00:27:13,333 WE GET THE BENEFIT BECAUSE IT'S SO BEAUTIFUL. 528 00:27:13,333 --> 00:27:13,600 >> OK. 529 00:27:13,600 --> 00:27:17,233 WE'VE RUN OUT OF TIME. 530 00:27:17,233 --> 00:27:18,700 THANK YOU TO JAY AND VICKY. 531 00:27:18,700 --> 00:27:20,000 APPRECIATE YOU JOINING US HERE. 532 00:27:20,000 --> 00:27:23,433 IF YOU WANT TO LEARN MORE ABOUT BIRD MIGRATION, GO TO THE "D4K" 533 00:27:23,433 --> 00:27:26,166 WEBSITE, WATCH THE VIDEO SHORTS AND OUR SPECIAL WEB-ONLY PROGRAM 534 00:27:26,166 --> 00:27:28,266 THAT WE'LL BE TAPING RIGHT AFTER THIS. 535 00:27:28,266 --> 00:27:30,700 THERE'S ALSO LOTS OF FANGTSES AND LINKS AND OTHER INFORMATION 536 00:27:30,700 --> 00:27:32,700 ABOUT BIRD MIGRATION AND OTHER TOPICS. 537 00:27:32,700 --> 00:27:35,000 CHECK IT OUT AT IDAHOPTV.ORG. 538 00:27:35,000 --> 00:27:35,967 CLICK ON "D4K." 539 00:27:35,967 --> 00:27:38,533 OUR NEXT "D4K" BROADCAST PROGRAM WILL BE TAKING YOUR QUESTIONS 540 00:27:38,533 --> 00:27:39,633 ABOUT CHEMISTRY. 541 00:27:39,633 --> 00:27:43,533 SO TUNE IN NOVEMBER 17th AT 2:00 P.M. MOUNTAIN, 1:00 P.M. 542 00:27:43,533 --> 00:27:45,100 PACIFIC AND SEND IN YOUR QUESTIONS. 543 00:27:45,100 --> 00:27:50,333 LAST MONTH'S WINNER WAS ALLIE AT MARY MACPHERSON ELEMENTARY. 544 00:27:50,333 --> 00:27:52,433 WHEN YOU SEND IN A QUESTION, AND YOU YOUR CLASS WILL BE ELIGIBLE 545 00:27:52,433 --> 00:27:53,433 FOR OUR CONTEST. 546 00:27:53,433 --> 00:27:56,166 YOU CAN WIN A DVD PLAYE AND OTHER PRIZES FOR YOUR CLASSROOM. 547 00:27:56,166 --> 00:27:58,266 JUST BY SENDING IN A QUESTION. 548 00:27:58,266 --> 00:28:00,266 ALSO, EACH WEEK CHECK OUT MY BLOG. 549 00:28:00,266 --> 00:28:01,333 THANKS FOR BEING HERE. 550 00:28:01,333 --> 00:28:04,333 WE'LL SEE YOU NEXT TIME ON "D4K." 551 00:28:06,000 --> 00:28:07,900 Captioning performed by LNS Captioning www.LNScaptioning.com