1 00:00:06,166 --> 00:00:07,533 >> PRESENTATION OF SCIENCE TREK ON IDAHO PUBLIC TELEVISION IS 2 00:00:07,533 --> 00:00:09,066 DE THROUGH THE GENEROUS SUPPORT OF THE LAURA MOORE 3 00:00:09,066 --> 00:00:12,433 CUNNINGHAM FOUNDATION, COMMITTED TO FULFILLING THE MOORE FAMILY 4 00:00:12,433 --> 00:00:17,333 LEGACY OF BUILDING THE GREAT STATE OF IDAHO. 5 00:00:17,333 --> 00:00:19,967 >> ROBOTS EXPLORE THE WORLD, AND HELP CLEAN OUR HOUSE. 6 00:00:19,967 --> 00:00:25,166 THEY DO A LOT, BUT HOW AND WHAT IS THE SCIENCE BEHIND ROBOTICS? 7 00:00:25,166 --> 00:00:27,800 WE'RE HERE TO FIND OUT AND TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS. 8 00:00:27,800 --> 00:00:29,734 STAY TUNED. 9 00:00:29,734 --> 00:00:40,433 SCIENCE TREK IS NEXT. 10 00:00:40,433 --> 00:00:43,900 >> HI, I'M JOAN CARTAN-HANSEN, AND WELCOME TO SCIENCE TREK. 11 00:00:43,900 --> 00:00:45,800 WELCOME TO MICRON TECHNOLOGY. 12 00:00:45,800 --> 00:00:48,700 HERE WORKERS USE ROBOTIC EQUIPMENT TO HELP BUILD SOME OF 13 00:00:48,700 --> 00:00:52,433 THE MOST ADVANCED MEMORY AND SEMI-CONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY. 14 00:00:52,433 --> 00:00:55,433 WE'RE HERE TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS ABOUT ROBOTS. 15 00:00:55,433 --> 00:01:06,433 BUT BEFORE WE DO, LET'S LEARN A LITTLE BIT MORE. 16 00:01:06,433 --> 00:01:09,066 >> WHAT'S YOUR ASSIGNMENT FOR SCIENCE THIS WEEK? 17 00:01:09,066 --> 00:01:12,533 >> WE'RE SUPPOSED TO LEARN ABOUT ROBOTS. 18 00:01:12,533 --> 00:01:12,867 >> GREAT. 19 00:01:12,867 --> 00:01:18,533 CAN YOU HELP US LEARN ABOUT ROBOTS? 20 00:01:18,533 --> 00:01:21,633 >> ROBOTS ARE HUMAN MADE MACHINES THAT PERFORM WORK AND 21 00:01:21,633 --> 00:01:22,867 OTHER ACTIONS. 22 00:01:22,867 --> 00:01:24,266 SOME WORK AUTOMATICALLY. 23 00:01:24,266 --> 00:01:27,433 SOME BY REMOTE CONTROL. 24 00:01:27,433 --> 00:01:30,900 ROBOT COMES FROM THE CZECH WORD, ROBOTTA, FIRST USED IN A PLAY IN 25 00:01:30,900 --> 00:01:33,500 THE 1920s. 26 00:01:33,500 --> 00:01:37,066 INVENTORS HAVE BEEN BUILDING SELF OPERATING MACHINES FOR 27 00:01:37,066 --> 00:01:37,367 CENTURIES. 28 00:01:37,367 --> 00:01:40,533 THESE AUTOMATA WERE RUN BY CLOCKS, OR MOVING WATER. 29 00:01:40,533 --> 00:01:45,700 THE FIRST ROCKY ROBERTS WERE CREATED IN ENGLAND IN THE 30 00:01:45,700 --> 00:01:45,900 1940s. 31 00:01:45,900 --> 00:01:49,333 BY THE 1960s, ROBOTS WERE USED TO MOVE THINGS AROUND, LIKE IN A 32 00:01:49,333 --> 00:01:50,533 CAR PLANT. 33 00:01:50,533 --> 00:01:52,800 ROBOTS GENERALLY HAVE THREE MAIN PARTS. 34 00:01:52,800 --> 00:01:56,166 A CONTROLLER OR A BRAIN, THIS IS THE PART THAT TELLS THE ROBOT 35 00:01:56,166 --> 00:01:58,567 WHAT TO DO, OR WHERE TO GO. 36 00:01:58,567 --> 00:02:00,500 NEXT ARE THE MECHANICAL PARTS. 37 00:02:00,500 --> 00:02:04,233 THESE ARE THE MOTORS, WHEELS, GEARS, GRABBERS, WHATEVER, THAT 38 00:02:04,233 --> 00:02:08,734 MAKE THE ROBOT DO ITS WORK TO GRAB OR TURN OR TO LIFT. 39 00:02:08,734 --> 00:02:10,633 THE THIRD ARE THE SENSORS. 40 00:02:10,633 --> 00:02:14,967 THESE ARE THE DEVICES THAT ALLOW THE ROBOT TO FIGURE OUT SIZE AND 41 00:02:14,967 --> 00:02:18,000 SPACE, WHERE TO GO OR HOW TITLE TO GRIP. 42 00:02:18,000 --> 00:02:22,000 TOGETHER, THEE THREE BASIC PARTS MAKE UP A ROBOT. 43 00:02:22,000 --> 00:02:25,233 ROBOTS ARE SOMETIMES USED WHERE WORK IS REPRESENTEDIVE, THAT IS, 44 00:02:25,233 --> 00:02:27,967 THE SAME TASK BEING DONE OVER AND OVER AGAIN. 45 00:02:27,967 --> 00:02:32,266 THEY ARE ALSO USED IN PLACES THAT WOULD BE DANGEROUS FOR 46 00:02:32,266 --> 00:02:32,633 PEOPLE. 47 00:02:32,633 --> 00:02:37,700 NASA USES ALL SORTS OF DIFFERENT ROBOTS TO HELP US EXPLORE SPACE. 48 00:02:37,700 --> 00:02:41,734 ROVERS ON MARS ARE MINI LABS HELPING HUMANS LEARN ABOUT THE 49 00:02:41,734 --> 00:02:44,066 MARTIAN SOIL. 50 00:02:44,066 --> 00:02:49,367 THESE ROBOTS AT THE JOHNSON SPACE CENTER TEACH NEW 51 00:02:49,367 --> 00:02:51,633 ASTRONAUTS HOW TO DO THINGS IN SPACE. 52 00:02:51,633 --> 00:02:53,166 THEY COME IN ALL SHAPES AND SIZES. 53 00:02:53,166 --> 00:02:55,000 SOME ARE AS SMALL AS INTEXTS. 54 00:02:55,000 --> 00:02:58,100 THESE ARE CALLED NANO-BOTS OR KILOBOTS. 55 00:02:58,100 --> 00:03:01,734 SOME SCIENTISTS ARE DESIGNING ROBOTS THAT SHOW EMOTION, AND 56 00:03:01,734 --> 00:03:05,533 SOME ARE WORKING ON ROBOTS THAT THINK. 57 00:03:05,533 --> 00:03:07,233 SCIENTISTS ARE JUST STARTING TO FIGURE OUT ALL THE DIFFERENT 58 00:03:07,233 --> 00:03:09,433 THINGS THAT ROBOTS CAN DO. 59 00:03:09,433 --> 00:03:11,967 SO WHETHER THEY ARE HELPING US OUT AT HOME OR TRAVELING DEEP 60 00:03:11,967 --> 00:03:17,333 INTO SPACE, ROBOTS ARE CHANGING OUR LIVES. 61 00:03:17,333 --> 00:03:24,734 >> WELL, THAT WAS VERY INTERESTING. 62 00:03:24,734 --> 00:03:27,367 >> YOU KNOW IT CAN'T DANCE. 63 00:03:27,367 --> 00:03:30,433 >> AND JOINING ME NOW TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS ABOUT ROBOTS, ARE 64 00:03:30,433 --> 00:03:33,000 DEAN KLEIN, VICE PRESIDENT OF MEMORY SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT HERE 65 00:03:33,000 --> 00:03:36,333 AT MICRON, AND JOSH JOHNSTON, A RESEARCH SCIENTIST AT BOISE 66 00:03:36,333 --> 00:03:37,533 STATE UNIVERSITY. 67 00:03:37,533 --> 00:03:39,500 THANK YOU BOTH FOR JOINING US. 68 00:03:39,500 --> 00:03:39,800 >> THANKS. 69 00:03:39,800 --> 00:03:40,633 GREAT TO BE HERE. 70 00:03:40,633 --> 00:03:42,166 >> THANKS FOR HAVING US. 71 00:03:42,166 --> 00:03:42,433 >> OK. 72 00:03:42,433 --> 00:03:49,533 LET'S GO TO YOUR QUESTIONS. 73 00:03:49,533 --> 00:03:52,900 >> HI, MY NAME IS HALEY, AND I GO TO GALILEO, AND MY QUESTION, 74 00:03:52,900 --> 00:03:57,000 AND WHO WAS THE FIRST PERSON TO BUILD A ROBOT. 75 00:03:57,000 --> 00:03:59,800 >> THAT'S A DIFCULT QUESTION, ACTUALLY. 76 00:03:59,800 --> 00:04:03,433 LET'S BACK UP AND MAYBE LET'S DEFINE THE WORD, ROBOT, FIRST. 77 00:04:03,433 --> 00:04:14,000 THE TERM, ROBOT, WAS FIRST USED BY A CZECH IN A PLAYWRIGHT, AND 78 00:04:14,000 --> 00:04:21,066 THE ROBERT WAS USED TO -- IT WAS A TERM FOR AN AUTOMATED HUMANOID 79 00:04:21,066 --> 00:04:27,066 THAT WAS A SLAVE, AND THE ROOT OF THE WORD IS A CZECH WORD THAT 80 00:04:27,066 --> 00:04:32,233 -- ROBOTA, OR ROBOTNIC, WHICH MEANS SLAVE. 81 00:04:32,233 --> 00:04:39,266 SO, I THINK THAT THE FIRST ROBOT WAS PROBABLY IN A PLAY IN 1921, 82 00:04:39,266 --> 00:04:42,533 THE PLAY RUR IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA. 83 00:04:42,533 --> 00:04:43,900 >> HI, I AM CAYDEN. 84 00:04:43,900 --> 00:04:48,266 I GO TO GALILEO STEM ACADEMY, AND MY QUESTION IS, HOW MANY 85 00:04:48,266 --> 00:04:51,867 DIFFERENT KINDS OF ROBOTS ARE THERE? 86 00:04:51,867 --> 00:04:55,166 >> WELL, THERE ARE A LOT OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF ROBOTS. 87 00:04:55,166 --> 00:04:59,166 WE USUALLY THINK ABOUT ROBERTS IN TERMS OF WHAT ENVIRONMENT 88 00:04:59,166 --> 00:05:01,266 THEY OPERATE IN. 89 00:05:01,266 --> 00:05:05,000 SO, WE HAVE MANUFACTURING ROBOTS, LIKE THE ROBOTS THAT YOU 90 00:05:05,000 --> 00:05:06,967 WOULD SEE BUILDING CARS. 91 00:05:06,967 --> 00:05:11,000 YOU ALSO HAVE ROBERTS THAT GO PLACES OUTDOORS, AND WE BREAK 92 00:05:11,000 --> 00:05:13,800 THOSE DOWN, USUALLY, ROBERTS THAT ARE IN SPACE. 93 00:05:13,800 --> 00:05:15,166 ROBERTS THAT FLY. 94 00:05:15,166 --> 00:05:16,800 ROBERTS ON THE GROUND. 95 00:05:16,800 --> 00:05:18,734 ROBERTS ON THE SURFACE OF THE WATER, AND ROBERTS THAT ARE 96 00:05:18,734 --> 00:05:21,600 UNDER WATER. 97 00:05:21,600 --> 00:05:23,633 AND WITHIN EACH OF THOSE ENVIRONMENTS, THERE IS LOTS OF 98 00:05:23,633 --> 00:05:25,900 TYPES OF ROBERTS THAT DO LOTS OF THINGS. 99 00:05:25,900 --> 00:05:29,967 BUT, USUALLY, A ROBERT IS DESIGNED TO WORK IN ONLY ONE OF 100 00:05:29,967 --> 00:05:34,000 THOSE ENVIRONMENTS, AND USUALLY, THAT'S THE ONLY PLACE THAT IT 101 00:05:34,000 --> 00:05:34,433 WORKS. 102 00:05:34,433 --> 00:05:41,100 >> I MIGHT ADD THAT IN THE FIRST ROBERTICS PROGRAM, THERE ARE 103 00:05:41,100 --> 00:05:45,100 10,000 TEAMS WORLDWIDE THAT WILL BUILD A ROBOT TO SOLVE THE SAME 104 00:05:45,100 --> 00:05:48,900 CHALLENGE, AND NO TWO ROBERTS ARE ALIKE OF THOSE 10,000. 105 00:05:48,900 --> 00:05:53,266 SO, THERE IS A LOT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROBOTS. 106 00:05:53,266 --> 00:05:57,066 >> MAYA ASKS, DO ROBERTS HAVE FEELINGS? 107 00:05:57,066 --> 00:06:03,166 >> SO ROBOTS DON'T HAVE FEELINGS THE WAY THAT PEOPLE HAVE 108 00:06:03,166 --> 00:06:04,600 FEELINGS. 109 00:06:04,600 --> 00:06:07,367 ROBOTS ARE USUALLY CONTROLLED BY A COMPUTER BRAIN, SO THEY HAVE 110 00:06:07,367 --> 00:06:10,900 SOFTWARE PROGRAMMING THE SAME WAY A COMPUTER DOES, AND THEY 111 00:06:10,900 --> 00:06:13,333 RESPOND BASED ON WHAT THE PROGRAMMING TELLS THEM TO DO. 112 00:06:13,333 --> 00:06:16,633 NOW, AS WE HAVE DEVELOPED MORE ADVANCED ROBOTS, WE HAVE BEEN 113 00:06:16,633 --> 00:06:20,433 WORKING WITH ROBOTS THAT WE TRY TO TEACH TO LEARN, SO THAT THEY 114 00:06:20,433 --> 00:06:23,533 CAN GET BETTER AS THEY DO TASKS OVER AND OVER AGAIN. 115 00:06:23,533 --> 00:06:28,700 AND SOME OF THESE ROBERTS, WE LIKE TO TALK ABOUT FEELINGS, AS 116 00:06:28,700 --> 00:06:31,367 A METHOD FOR UNDERSTANDING HOW WE'RE TRYING TO GET THE ROBERT 117 00:06:31,367 --> 00:06:31,967 TO WORK. 118 00:06:31,967 --> 00:06:35,967 SO, WE MIGHT TALK ABOUT A ROBERT THAT IS PROGRAMMED TO HAVE A 119 00:06:35,967 --> 00:06:39,633 SENSE OF URGENCY, IF SOMETHING NEEDS TO HAPPEN QUICKLY, OR TO 120 00:06:39,633 --> 00:06:45,266 FEEL SATISFACTION, IF IT'S PERFORMED THE JOB PROPERLY, BUT 121 00:06:45,266 --> 00:06:47,700 THESE ARE TERMS THAT WE'RE USING, AND TECHNIQUES WE USE 122 00:06:47,700 --> 00:06:50,700 WHEN WE PROGRAM THE ROBOTS, THAT DOES NOT MEAN THAT THESE 123 00:06:50,700 --> 00:06:54,700 ROBERTS, ACTUALLY, FEEL THESE EMOTIONS THE WAY THAT PEOPLE OR 124 00:06:54,700 --> 00:06:57,700 ANIMALS DO. 125 00:06:57,700 --> 00:07:03,867 >> HI, I AM AKILA, I GO TO [INAUDIBLE] ELEMENTARY. 126 00:07:03,867 --> 00:07:07,333 I WOULD LIKE TO KNOW HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE TO BUILD A ROBOT? 127 00:07:07,333 --> 00:07:12,800 >> I THINK TO MAKE A SIMPLE ROBOT, LIKE THE RUMBA COSTUME 128 00:07:12,800 --> 00:07:18,433 CLEANER, WHICH IS PROBABLY MASS PRODUCED IN WELL UNDER AN HOUR. 129 00:07:18,433 --> 00:07:23,100 MORE COMPLICATED ROASHTS TAKE A LONGER PERIOD OF TIME TIME. 130 00:07:23,100 --> 00:07:25,700 THEY ARE GIVEN SIX WEEKS TO BUILD THE ROBOTS, AND THEY GET 131 00:07:25,700 --> 00:07:29,066 SENT OFF TO A COMPETITION THAT IS A COUPLE WEEKS LATER. 132 00:07:29,066 --> 00:07:33,500 THE FIRST LEGO LEAGUE, THEY CAN PROBABLY BUILD THEIR ROBOTS IN 133 00:07:33,500 --> 00:07:38,800 AN AFTERNOON, SO DIFFERENT ROBOTS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF 134 00:07:38,800 --> 00:07:41,000 COMPLEXITY AND DIFFERENT LENGTHS OF TIME TO BUILD THEM. 135 00:07:41,000 --> 00:07:41,867 >> MY NAME IS THOMAS. 136 00:07:41,867 --> 00:07:46,000 I GO TO ELEMENTARY SCHOOL. 137 00:07:46,000 --> 00:07:57,700 AND MY QUESTION IS -- HOW DO YOU MAKE THE CONTROL OF THE ROBERT. 138 00:07:57,700 --> 00:08:00,066 >> MOST ROBOTS ARE COMPUTER CONTROLLED, SO DIFFERENT TYPES 139 00:08:00,066 --> 00:08:03,633 WILL HAVE DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTERS, DEPENDING ON THE 140 00:08:03,633 --> 00:08:06,066 COMPLEXITY OF THE TASK THAT THEY ARE WORKING ON. 141 00:08:06,066 --> 00:08:09,000 THIS IS WHAT'S CALLED AN ARDINO. 142 00:08:09,000 --> 00:08:13,266 IT'S A POPULAR HOBBYIST ROBOT CONTROL, AND YOU CAN SEE IT HAS 143 00:08:13,266 --> 00:08:14,900 A FEW CHIPS ON IT. 144 00:08:14,900 --> 00:08:17,066 VERY SIMPLE, VERY INEXPENSIVE. 145 00:08:17,066 --> 00:08:24,166 THIS WOULD BE KIND OF THE LOW END OF ROBERT CONTROL SYSTEMS. 146 00:08:24,166 --> 00:08:30,633 >> MY NAME IS ATALIA, AND I GO TO GALILEO ACADEMY. 147 00:08:30,633 --> 00:08:34,333 MY QUESTION IS, IS A ROBOTIC ALWAYS DONE THROUGH A COMPUTER? 148 00:08:34,333 --> 00:08:37,633 >> ROBOTS WEREN'T ALWAYS DONE THROUGH COMPUTERS, BUT TODAY, 149 00:08:37,633 --> 00:08:38,533 MOST ROBOTS ARE. 150 00:08:38,533 --> 00:08:43,100 EVEN IF THE COMPUTER IS A SIMPLE COMPUTER LIKE THIS ARDINO BOARD. 151 00:08:43,100 --> 00:08:45,900 THIS IS A QUESTION THAT IS INTERESTING BECAUSE IT GETS TO 152 00:08:45,900 --> 00:08:48,367 THE IDEA OF WHAT IT IS TO BE A ROBOT. 153 00:08:48,367 --> 00:08:53,433 SO, NORMALLY, WE TALK ABOUT ROBOTS AS HAVING THREE MAJOR 154 00:08:53,433 --> 00:08:53,633 PARTS. 155 00:08:53,633 --> 00:08:58,166 A PART THAT SENSES, A PART THAT PLANS, AND A PART THAT ACTS. 156 00:08:58,166 --> 00:09:00,967 THAT'S WHAT MAKES THE ROBOT DIFFERENT FROM SOMETHING LIKE A 157 00:09:00,967 --> 00:09:05,066 COMPUTER, WHICH CAN THINK AND CAN PROCESS INFORMATION, BUT IT 158 00:09:05,066 --> 00:09:08,967 DOES NOT REALLY HAVE ANY WAY TO EITHER SENSE THE WORLD OR TO, 159 00:09:08,967 --> 00:09:12,734 ACTUALLY, DO SOMETHING IN THE WORLD TO GO OUT AND MOVE 160 00:09:12,734 --> 00:09:13,066 SOMETHING. 161 00:09:13,066 --> 00:09:15,633 IF WE THINK ABOUT A ROBOT IN THAT SENSE, THERE ALWAYS HAS TO 162 00:09:15,633 --> 00:09:20,266 BE THIS PLANNING STAGE WHERE THE ROBOT IS THINKING, AND THERE 163 00:09:20,266 --> 00:09:24,266 HAVE BEEN EXAMPLES THAT WE COULD LOOK AT IN HISTORY OF MECHANICAL 164 00:09:24,266 --> 00:09:28,166 ROBOTS, BUT, REALLY, FOR THE WAY THAT WE USE THE WORD TODAY, 165 00:09:28,166 --> 00:09:31,734 ROBOTS ARE CONTROLLED BY COMPUTERS, AND ROBOTS HAVE 166 00:09:31,734 --> 00:09:39,700 COMPUTERS INSIDE OF THEM. 167 00:09:39,700 --> 00:09:42,500 >> RESEARCHER CREATED SMALL ROBOTS THAT USE BACTERIA-FILLED 168 00:09:42,500 --> 00:09:44,800 FUEL CELLS TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY. 169 00:09:44,800 --> 00:09:47,900 THE CELLS DRAW ENERGY FROM ROTTEN APPLES AND DEAD FLIES. 170 00:09:47,900 --> 00:09:51,867 THEIR GOAL, IS TO MAKE A ROBOT THAT CAN FORAGE FOR ITS OWN 171 00:09:51,867 --> 00:09:57,066 FOOD. 172 00:09:57,066 --> 00:10:01,533 >> HI, I AM ELLA, AND I GO TO GALILEO STEM ACADEMY, AND MY 173 00:10:01,533 --> 00:10:06,000 QUESTION IS, HOW FAST IS THE FASTEST ROBOT? 174 00:10:06,000 --> 00:10:11,100 >> I THINK THE BOSTON DYNAMICS WILDCAT ROBOT CLAIMS THE TITLE 175 00:10:11,100 --> 00:10:16,000 OF THE FASTEST ROBOT AT 20 SOME MILES PER HOUR. 176 00:10:16,000 --> 00:10:22,867 HOWEVER, THE SPACE-BORN ROBOTS, LIKE THE -- MAYBE THE VOYAGER 177 00:10:22,867 --> 00:10:26,266 SPACECRAFT, WOULD HAVE, WOULD HAVE ACHIEVED SPEEDS OF WELL IN 178 00:10:26,266 --> 00:10:29,100 EXCESS OF 40,000 MILES PER HOUR. 179 00:10:29,100 --> 00:10:32,333 SO, VERY FAST, BY COMPARISON. 180 00:10:32,333 --> 00:10:35,433 >> THE FASTEST ROBOTS ARE, ACTUALLY, THE FASTEST THINGS 181 00:10:35,433 --> 00:10:36,633 THAT PEOPLE HAVE EVER MADE. 182 00:10:36,633 --> 00:10:41,533 SO THE HELIOS PROBE THAT GO AROUND THE SUN AND THE PROBES 183 00:10:41,533 --> 00:10:44,500 LEAVING THE SOLAR SYSTEM ARE THE FASTEST THINGS THAT MAN HAS MADE 184 00:10:44,500 --> 00:10:45,433 AND ALSO ROBOTS. 185 00:10:45,433 --> 00:10:49,066 SO, THAT'S ONE MEASURE OF WHAT THE FASTEST ROBOT MIGHT BE. 186 00:10:49,066 --> 00:10:57,066 WE ALSO ARE BUILDING ROBOTIC CARS AND ROBOTIC PLANES THAT ARE 187 00:10:57,066 --> 00:10:57,900 ALSO VERY FAST. 188 00:10:57,900 --> 00:11:03,900 IF YOU THINK ABOUT A ROBOT THAT HAS LEGS, THEN THE CHEETAH ROBOT 189 00:11:03,900 --> 00:11:09,967 FROM THE BOSTON DYNAMICS IS NOT AS FAST AS A CHEETAH BUT FASTER 190 00:11:09,967 --> 00:11:13,900 THAN THE FASTEST PEOPLE ARE, SO THAT ROBOT GOES ABOUT 30 MILES 191 00:11:13,900 --> 00:11:16,433 PER HOUR. 192 00:11:16,433 --> 00:11:20,433 >> NEXT, HOW DO ROBOTS SEE? 193 00:11:20,433 --> 00:11:22,800 >> ROBOTS USE LOTS OF DIFFERENT METHODS TO SEE. 194 00:11:22,800 --> 00:11:25,800 ROBOTS WILL USE LASERS, RADAR. 195 00:11:25,800 --> 00:11:30,700 THEY ALSO WILL USE VISION, JUST LIKE THEM DO, SO THIS IS A 196 00:11:30,700 --> 00:11:34,367 VISION SYSTEM FROM A ROBOT CALLED A STER KEY VISION 197 00:11:34,367 --> 00:11:34,700 CAMERA-HEAD. 198 00:11:34,700 --> 00:11:36,433 STEREO BECAUSE IT HAS TWO CAMERAS. 199 00:11:36,433 --> 00:11:40,066 ONE ON EACH SIDE, AND THIS WORKS THE SAME WAY AS OUR EYES DO, 200 00:11:40,066 --> 00:11:42,633 USING TWO DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES ON THE WORLD TO TELL HOW FAR 201 00:11:42,633 --> 00:11:44,066 AWAY THAT THE OBJECTS ARE. 202 00:11:44,066 --> 00:11:48,233 A ROBOT CAN USE THIS STEREO VISION SYSTEM TO BUILD A FULL 203 00:11:48,233 --> 00:11:51,433 3-D MODEL OF WHAT THEY ARE WORKING WITH, USE THAT TO SEE 204 00:11:51,433 --> 00:11:54,967 OBSTACLES AND AVOID THEM, OR TO SEE OBJECTS THAT THEY WANT TO 205 00:11:54,967 --> 00:11:57,266 REACH OUT AND GRAB. 206 00:11:57,266 --> 00:12:03,967 >> SOME ROBOTS WILL ALSO USE ULTRASONIC SYSTEMS AND INFRARED 207 00:12:03,967 --> 00:12:06,266 DETECTORS TO SEE THEIR ENVIRONMENT. 208 00:12:06,266 --> 00:12:06,800 >> MY NAME IS LAUREN. 209 00:12:06,800 --> 00:12:11,734 I GO TO GALILEO STEM ACADEMY, AND MY QUESTION IS, IN THE 210 00:12:11,734 --> 00:12:13,800 ROBOTICS FIELD, DO YOU THINK THAT YOU WOULD BE MAKING ROBOTS 211 00:12:13,800 --> 00:12:17,266 TO HELP US WITH ANYTHING ON A DAILY BASIS? 212 00:12:17,266 --> 00:12:21,600 >> SO, ROBOTS RIGHT NOW ARE ALREADY IMPACTING OUR DAILY 213 00:12:21,600 --> 00:12:25,500 LIVES, AND THAT'S BECAUSE MOST THINGS THAT WE BUY HAVE BEEN 214 00:12:25,500 --> 00:12:28,266 TOUCHED BY A ROBOT AT SOME POINT. 215 00:12:28,266 --> 00:12:31,633 THINGS THAT ARE MANUFACTURED, OFTENTIMES, HAVE A ROBOT 216 00:12:31,633 --> 00:12:34,633 INVOLVED IN SOME POINT OF THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS. 217 00:12:34,633 --> 00:12:41,066 EVEN THINGS LIKE FOOD, WHERE ROBOTS ARE PART OF THE 218 00:12:41,066 --> 00:12:45,166 MANIPULATION OF FOOD AS IT COMES FROM THE FIELD, AS WE GROW 219 00:12:45,166 --> 00:12:47,333 VEGETABLES, THEY ARE SORTED BY ROBOTS, AND THEY ARE MOVED FROM 220 00:12:47,333 --> 00:12:53,500 ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER, BY ROBOTS, SO WE DON'T NECESSARILY GO UP 221 00:12:53,500 --> 00:12:56,900 AND TALK TO A ROBOT EVERY DAY, BUT THE ROBOTS REALLY ARE 222 00:12:56,900 --> 00:13:00,967 ALREADY IMPACTING OUR LIFE IN A LOT OF WAYS THAT WE DON'T SEE 223 00:13:00,967 --> 00:13:03,500 DIRECTLY, BUT WE DO SEE THOSE RESULTS. 224 00:13:03,500 --> 00:13:06,533 >> ROBOTS ARE SOMETIMES INFLUENCING THE JOBS WE DO, AS 225 00:13:06,533 --> 00:13:06,734 WELL. 226 00:13:06,734 --> 00:13:09,633 THE ROBOTS ARE TAKING THE DIFFICULT JOBS, OR THE DANGEROUS 227 00:13:09,633 --> 00:13:18,166 JOBS THAT WE REALLY DON'T WANT PEOPLE TO HAVE TO DO. 228 00:13:18,166 --> 00:13:20,533 >> HI, I GO TO ELEMENTARY SCHOOL. 229 00:13:20,533 --> 00:13:24,900 AND MY QUESTION IS -- CAN ROBOTS TALK? 230 00:13:24,900 --> 00:13:27,533 >> SO, ROBOTS DO WHAT THEY ARE PROGRAMMED TO DO, AND WE CAN 231 00:13:27,533 --> 00:13:28,967 PROGRAM ROBOTS TO TALK. 232 00:13:28,967 --> 00:13:31,333 THIS TAKES A FEW DIFFERENT FORMS. 233 00:13:31,333 --> 00:13:35,000 SOMETIMES, WE WILL PROGRAM A ROBOT TO HAVE A SET LIST OF 234 00:13:35,000 --> 00:13:36,233 THINGS THAT IT CAN SAY. 235 00:13:36,233 --> 00:13:39,500 SO, THIS MIGHT BE AS SIMPLE AS SAYING, YES, OR NO. 236 00:13:39,500 --> 00:13:44,500 THIS IS THE SAME KINDS OF APPROACH THAT WE USE IN 237 00:13:44,500 --> 00:13:46,100 AUTOMATED TELEPHONE SYSTEMS. 238 00:13:46,100 --> 00:13:49,333 YOU CALL IN, INSTEAD OF GETTING AN OPERATOR, YOU TALK TO A 239 00:13:49,333 --> 00:13:49,633 COMPUTER. 240 00:13:49,633 --> 00:13:53,266 WE CAN PUT THAT SAME TYPE OF A SYSTEM INTO A ROBERT SO THAT IT 241 00:13:53,266 --> 00:14:00,266 CAN GIVE LIMITED RESPONSES BASED ON THE SENSORS ARE TELLING IT, 242 00:14:00,266 --> 00:14:01,333 IT SHOULD DO. 243 00:14:01,333 --> 00:14:04,700 IN TMS OF THE ROBOT THAT CAN JUST COME UP WITH FREE NATURAL 244 00:14:04,700 --> 00:14:08,000 LANGUAGE AND SOUND LIKE A PERSON, THIS IS, ACTUALLY, AN 245 00:14:08,000 --> 00:14:11,633 INFINITE -- AN INTERESTING DEFINITION OF ARTIFICIAL 246 00:14:11,633 --> 00:14:15,734 INTELLIGENCE THAT WAS PUT OUT THERE BY A SCIENTIST NAMED ALAN 247 00:14:15,734 --> 00:14:19,433 TURING, AND HE SUGGESTED WE WOULD KNOW THAT WE HAD 248 00:14:19,433 --> 00:14:22,633 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WHEN WE COULD PROGRAM A MACHINE THAT 249 00:14:22,633 --> 00:14:27,166 WOULD BE ABLE TO TALK THE SAME WAY AS A PERSON, AND HE DEFINED 250 00:14:27,166 --> 00:14:30,000 THIS AS, WE WOULD NOT KNOW WHETHER WE'RE TALKING TO THE 251 00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:34,600 PERSON, OR TO THE ROBOT, AND THAT'S CALLED THE TURING TEST, 252 00:14:34,600 --> 00:14:39,633 SO WE HAVE ROBOTS THAT CAN TALK, BUT IT'S REALLY KIND OF A 253 00:14:39,633 --> 00:14:43,066 PLAYBACK OR SAYING THINGS THAT ARE IN A VERY CONSTRAINED SET OF 254 00:14:43,066 --> 00:14:43,333 CHOICES. 255 00:14:43,333 --> 00:14:46,333 WE DON'T HAVE SOMETHING RIGHT NOW THAT CAN JUST HAVE A 256 00:14:46,333 --> 00:14:48,433 CONVERSATION LIKE A PERSON CAN. 257 00:14:48,433 --> 00:14:52,066 ALTHOUGH, MOST PEOPLE, MOST SCIENTISTS BELIEVE THAT THAT IS 258 00:14:52,066 --> 00:14:55,367 WITHIN OUR REACH, AND THAT THERE WILL BE ONE WITHIN OUR LIFETIME 259 00:14:55,367 --> 00:15:02,333 THAT WE CAN HAVE A REGULAR CONVERSATION WITH. 260 00:15:02,333 --> 00:15:04,166 >> SOMETIMES, ROBOTS ARE BUILT JUST FOR FUN. 261 00:15:04,166 --> 00:15:08,333 A FEW YEARS AGO, SCIENTISTS AT UGOBE SHOWED US HOW THEY BUILT 262 00:15:08,333 --> 00:15:17,433 PLEA OVER, A BABY DINOSAUR ROBOTIC TOY. 263 00:15:17,433 --> 00:15:20,100 ROBOTS ARE USED TO DO LOTS OF THINGS. 264 00:15:20,100 --> 00:15:20,967 SOME EXPLORE SPACE. 265 00:15:20,967 --> 00:15:22,333 SOME BUILD THINGS. 266 00:15:22,333 --> 00:15:27,433 SOME ARE USED IN PLACES WHERE PEOPLE CAN'T GO, THE SEA OR TO 267 00:15:27,433 --> 00:15:29,066 COLLECT DATA. 268 00:15:29,066 --> 00:15:32,000 SCIENTISTS STAY A LOT OF CHALLENGES WHEN THEY DESIGN AND 269 00:15:32,000 --> 00:15:33,000 BUILD A ROBOT. 270 00:15:33,000 --> 00:15:37,367 THE FOLKS HERE AT UGOBE CREATED A ROBOT CALLED PLEO, WHICH IS AT 271 00:15:37,367 --> 00:15:41,500 THEIR OFFICES, WE VISIT THEIR OFFICES TO FIND OUT MORE. 272 00:15:41,500 --> 00:15:44,333 >> WHY DO YOU CHOOSE A DINOSAUR FOR THE DESIGN OF THE ROBOT? 273 00:15:44,333 --> 00:15:47,734 >> ONE OF THE THINGS IS THERE AREN'T ANY BABY DINOSAURS 274 00:15:47,734 --> 00:15:50,233 RUNNING AROUND, SO WE ALWAYS THOUGHT IT WOULD BE REALLY FUN 275 00:15:50,233 --> 00:15:54,166 IF YOU COULD HAVE A DINOSAUR RUNNING AROUND YOUR HOUSE, AND 276 00:15:54,166 --> 00:15:59,467 SO WE CHOSE THE CAMARASAURUS BECAUSE IT HAS A LONG TAIL AND A 277 00:15:59,467 --> 00:16:02,367 LONG NECK, AND THEY ARE PRETTY CUTE. 278 00:16:02,367 --> 00:16:06,166 AND INSTEAD OF BUILDING A LOW-SCALE MODEL OF A DINOSAUR, 279 00:16:06,166 --> 00:16:09,700 WE WANTED TO BUILD A BABY DINOSAUR, AND THIS IS JUST ABOUT 280 00:16:09,700 --> 00:16:12,533 THE SIZE THAT A CAMARASAURUS WOULD BE TWO WEEKS AFTER 281 00:16:12,533 --> 00:16:12,867 HATCHING. 282 00:16:12,867 --> 00:16:16,333 SO, IF YOU REALLY COULD FIND A DINOSAUR EGG AND HAVE IT HATCH, 283 00:16:16,333 --> 00:16:18,166 IT WOULD LOOK LIKE THIS. 284 00:16:18,166 --> 00:16:20,433 >> HOW DID YOU START? 285 00:16:20,433 --> 00:16:24,000 >> WELL, ONCE WE DECIDED THE KIND OF DINOSAUR, WE STARTED 286 00:16:24,000 --> 00:16:28,700 DOING OUR RESEARCH AND FINDING OUT ALL ABOUT THIS DINOSAUR, AND 287 00:16:28,700 --> 00:16:33,266 WE, ACTUALLY, GOT SKELETAL RECONSTRUCTIONS FROM THE 288 00:16:33,266 --> 00:16:35,900 SCIENTISTS, AND WE STARTED MEASURING EVERYTHING OUT AND 289 00:16:35,900 --> 00:16:40,533 FIGURING OUT, OK, SINCE WE DON'T HAVE SPINES AND MUSCLES, WE HAVE 290 00:16:40,533 --> 00:16:44,266 TO USE MOTORS, SO WE STARTED FIGURING OUT OK, WE CAN PUT THIS 291 00:16:44,266 --> 00:16:46,734 MOTOR HERE, AND IT HAS TO MAKE THIS MOVE AND MAKE THIS MOVE, 292 00:16:46,734 --> 00:16:50,266 AND WE JUST KEPT WORKING UNTIL WE FIGURED OUT HOW TO GET 293 00:16:50,266 --> 00:16:52,367 EVERYTHING TO FIT IN THE SPACE THAT WE HAVE. 294 00:16:52,367 --> 00:16:56,800 SO, THIS IS WHAT OUR LITTLE BUDDY LOOKS LIKE WHEN HE'S 295 00:16:56,800 --> 00:16:57,900 WITHOUT HIS SKIN. 296 00:16:57,900 --> 00:17:00,266 SO, YOU START TO SEE THE MECHANISM. 297 00:17:00,266 --> 00:17:04,600 YOU START TO SEE HOW THE WIRES RUN THROUGH FOR HIM TO TILT HIS 298 00:17:04,600 --> 00:17:07,633 TAIL, AND YOU SEE HIS HEAD, AND YOU SEE THIS LITTLE SILVER 299 00:17:07,633 --> 00:17:11,333 STRIP, AND THAT'S WHERE HE SENSES YOUR TOUCH ON THERE. 300 00:17:11,333 --> 00:17:14,000 HE'S GOTTEN ANOTHER ONE ON HIS CHIN. 301 00:17:14,000 --> 00:17:15,734 HIS EYES OPEN. 302 00:17:15,734 --> 00:17:19,700 INSIDE OF HIS BODY, HE HAS THESE LITTLE GEAR BOXES, AND EACH ONE 303 00:17:19,700 --> 00:17:23,066 OF THESE LITTLE GEAR BOXES HAS TO BE BUILT SO THAT IT DOES ALL 304 00:17:23,066 --> 00:17:27,633 THE THINGS THAT YOU COULD SEE THE MOTOR IN THERE, AND RIGHT 305 00:17:27,633 --> 00:17:27,900 INSIDE. 306 00:17:27,900 --> 00:17:31,433 LIKE A LITTLE MODER, AND IT RUNS THESE GEARS, AND THAT'S HOW HE 307 00:17:31,433 --> 00:17:34,867 CAN OPEN AND CLOSE HIS MOUTH AND OPEN HIS EYES, AND ALL OF THIS 308 00:17:34,867 --> 00:17:38,100 HAS TO FIT INSIDE SO THAT IT WILL STILL LOOK LIKE HE'S 309 00:17:38,100 --> 00:17:40,867 SUPPOSED TO LOOK LIKE ON THE OUTSIDE. 310 00:17:40,867 --> 00:17:44,867 >> DOES PLEO FEEL, LIKE HIS NECK? 311 00:17:44,867 --> 00:17:49,000 >> ONE OF THE BIG ISSUES IS THAT WHEN YOU PUT SOMETHING IN A 312 00:17:49,000 --> 00:17:52,533 PHYSICAL WORLD LIKE THIS, THEN YOU START THINKING ABOUT IT AS 313 00:17:52,533 --> 00:17:53,734 BEING REAL. 314 00:17:53,734 --> 00:17:56,700 IF YOU HAVE ANIMAL THERE, ANY KIND OF ANIMAL, PRACTICALLY, 315 00:17:56,700 --> 00:18:00,367 EXCEPT A TORTUS, IF YOU TOUCH THEM, THEY CHILD ABUSE RESPOND 316 00:18:00,367 --> 00:18:01,433 RIGHT AWAY. 317 00:18:01,433 --> 00:18:05,166 SO, THAT'S ONE OF THE THINGS THAT YOU COME TO EXPECT, AND IF 318 00:18:05,166 --> 00:18:08,333 WE DON'T HAVE THAT RESPONSE TO YOUR SENSE OF TOUCH, LIKE IF I 319 00:18:08,333 --> 00:18:11,533 TOUCH HIM DOWN HERE ON HIS LEG, I EXPECT -- SEE HOW HE LIFTED 320 00:18:11,533 --> 00:18:12,367 HIS LEG UP? 321 00:18:12,367 --> 00:18:14,800 WE EXPECT HIM TO RESPOND, AND IF HE DID NOT RESPOND, THEN YOU 322 00:18:14,800 --> 00:18:17,700 WOULD THINK WELL, THIS THING IS NOT ALIVE. 323 00:18:17,700 --> 00:18:21,533 WE WANTED TO MAKE IT AS CLOSE TO ALIVE AS WE COULD RIGHT NOW. 324 00:18:21,533 --> 00:18:25,867 SO UNTIL WE GET TO THE POINT THAT WE CAN HAVE THE SKIN, WE 325 00:18:25,867 --> 00:18:31,900 DECIDE -- RIGHT NOW, WE HAVE EIGHT OF THESE TOUCH SENSITIVE 326 00:18:31,900 --> 00:18:34,967 CAPACITY TOUCHING SENSORS, AND EACH ONE CAN DETECT THE PRESENCE 327 00:18:34,967 --> 00:18:36,166 OF A HAND. 328 00:18:36,166 --> 00:18:38,533 IT WON'T RESPOND TO THINGS LIKE A PENCIL. 329 00:18:38,533 --> 00:18:43,166 IT REALLY WANTS SOMETHI LIKE A HAND, AND SO HERE, THERE IS ONE 330 00:18:43,166 --> 00:18:45,166 BACK HERE. 331 00:18:45,166 --> 00:18:46,233 GOOD LITTLE PLEO. 332 00:18:46,233 --> 00:18:47,266 THERE IS ONE UP HERE. 333 00:18:47,266 --> 00:18:49,633 THERE IS ANOTHER ONE ON THE TOP OF THE HEAD. 334 00:18:49,633 --> 00:18:54,000 SO, IF WE GO LIKE THIS, THEN HE'LL KNOW WE'RE PETTING HIM 335 00:18:54,000 --> 00:18:55,900 BECAUSE HE CAN FEEL THIS AND THIS AND THIS. 336 00:18:55,900 --> 00:18:59,934 THERE IS A CAPACITY SENSOR UNDER HIS CHIN, SO HE CAN GET THAT 337 00:18:59,934 --> 00:19:01,433 LITTLE TICKLE OF HIS CHIN. 338 00:19:01,433 --> 00:19:05,800 ON THE FRONT OF ALL FOUR OF HIS LEGS, YOU CAN SEE THEM HERE AND 339 00:19:05,800 --> 00:19:08,900 HERE A HERE AND BACK HERE. 340 00:19:08,900 --> 00:19:12,600 SO, THOSE ARE THE EIGHT TOUCH SENSORS THAT PLEO HAS TO DETECT 341 00:19:12,600 --> 00:19:15,066 WHAT YOU ARE DOING THERE. 342 00:19:15,066 --> 00:19:24,800 HERE YOU GO. 343 00:19:24,800 --> 00:19:27,433 THAT IS ONE FEROCIOUS BEAST. 344 00:19:27,433 --> 00:19:33,867 IN HIS OWN MIND. 345 00:19:41,166 --> 00:19:43,734 >> HI, MY NAME IS HEMENA, I GO TO GALILEO STEM ACADEMY, AND MY 346 00:19:43,734 --> 00:19:46,433 QUESTION, WHAT IS THE MOST COMPLEX ROBOT EVER MADE? 347 00:19:46,433 --> 00:19:52,000 >> THERE IS A LOT OF COMPLICATED ROBOTS, AND PERHAPS, SOME OF THE 348 00:19:52,000 --> 00:19:56,800 SPACE-BORN ROBOTS, LIKE THE MARS SOJOURNER, MAYBE THOSE ARE THE 349 00:19:56,800 --> 00:20:01,066 MOST COMPLEX, BUT I TEND TO THINK, ACTUALLY, THAT MAYBE SOME 350 00:20:01,066 --> 00:20:05,333 OF THE SWARM ROBOTS THAT ARE, ACTUALLY, FAIRLY SIMPLE ROBOTS 351 00:20:05,333 --> 00:20:08,166 INDIVIDUALLYBUT THAT THEY WORK COLLECTIVELY TO DO A TASK, THOSE 352 00:20:08,166 --> 00:20:12,967 ARE SOME OF THE MOST COMPLEX. 353 00:20:12,967 --> 00:20:16,333 BECAUSE, IT'S NOT JUST ONE ROBOT DOING A TEST, BUT HUNDREDS OF 354 00:20:16,333 --> 00:20:18,166 ROBOTS DOING A TASK. 355 00:20:18,166 --> 00:20:26,433 HERE IN THE FACTORY, AT MICRONS, WE HAVE ROBOTS THAT ARE MOVING 356 00:20:26,433 --> 00:20:30,533 WAFERS BETWEEN MULTIPLE PIECES OF EQUIPMENT. 357 00:20:30,533 --> 00:20:33,900 THEY HAVE TO WORK TOGETHER TO MAKE SURE THEY DON'T GET THE 358 00:20:33,900 --> 00:20:38,233 WAFERS TO THE RIGHT MACHINE AT THE RIGHT TIME, AND THEY ARE NOT 359 00:20:38,233 --> 00:20:40,600 JUST FOLLOWING THEIR OWN COMMANDS BUT FOLLOWING A 360 00:20:40,600 --> 00:20:43,867 COLLECTIVE SET OF COMMANDS. 361 00:20:43,867 --> 00:20:48,233 >> MATTHEW ASKS, CAN YOU EVER MAKE A ROBOT THINK? 362 00:20:48,233 --> 00:20:50,800 >> THE DEFINITION THAT MOST OF US USE FOR ROBOTS REQUIRES THAT 363 00:20:50,800 --> 00:20:53,266 THE ROBOT BE ABLE TO THINK. 364 00:20:53,266 --> 00:20:55,734 SO, WE TALK ABOUT A ROBOT HAVING THREE PARTS. 365 00:20:55,734 --> 00:20:59,000 IT CAN SENSE, CAN PLAN, AND IT CAN ACT. 366 00:20:59,000 --> 00:21:02,266 THAT PLANNING REALLY IS THINKING. 367 00:21:02,266 --> 00:21:05,533 SO, BY THAT DEFINITION, IF WE HAVE A MACHINE THAT DOESN'T KNOW 368 00:21:05,533 --> 00:21:09,000 HOW TO THINK, THEN WE DON'T CONSIDER IT TO BE A ROBOT. 369 00:21:09,000 --> 00:21:12,433 SO, AN EXAMPLE OF THIS MIGHT BE A DOOR AT THE SUPERMARKET WHERE 370 00:21:12,433 --> 00:21:16,233 YOU WALK UP, YOU STEP ON THE PLATE, AND THE DOOR OPENS FOR 371 00:21:16,233 --> 00:21:16,533 YOU. 372 00:21:16,533 --> 00:21:20,433 SO, THIS HAS SOME OF THE PARTS OF A ROBOT BECAUSE THE DOOR IS 373 00:21:20,433 --> 00:21:24,233 ABLE TO SENSE THAT A PERSON WANTS TO ENTER, AND IT'S ABLE TO 374 00:21:24,233 --> 00:21:25,266 DO SOMETHING. 375 00:21:25,266 --> 00:21:27,533 IT'S ABLE TO MOVE AND OPEN THE DOOR. 376 00:21:27,533 --> 00:21:30,433 BUT, IT DOES NOT REALLY DO ANY THINKING ABOUT ITS ENVIRONMENT. 377 00:21:30,433 --> 00:21:32,100 IT DOES NOT REALLY KNOW WHAT'S GOING ON. 378 00:21:32,100 --> 00:21:35,900 AS A VERY SIMPLE RESPONSE, SO, IN THAT SENSE, WE WOULD NOT 379 00:21:35,900 --> 00:21:38,500 CONSIDER THAT DOOR TO BE A ROBOT. 380 00:21:38,500 --> 00:21:42,266 IF WE TALK ABOUT A SMART HOUSE THAT'S ABLE TO KNOW THAT IT'S 381 00:21:42,266 --> 00:21:46,633 OWNER HAS COME HOME, TURN ON THE LIGHTS, TURN ON THE MUSIC, 382 00:21:46,633 --> 00:21:50,867 UNLOCK THE DOOR FOR HIM, AT THAT POINT WE SEE MORE THINKING, 383 00:21:50,867 --> 00:21:55,233 WHICH MAKES US START TO THINK THAT MAYBE THAT HOUSE IS A 384 00:21:55,233 --> 00:21:57,900 ROBOT, AS OPPOSED TO JUST BEING A SIMPLE MACHINE. 385 00:21:57,900 --> 00:22:01,800 SO, THE BOUNDARY OF WHAT IS A ROBOT AND WHAT ISN'T A ROBOT IS 386 00:22:01,800 --> 00:22:05,233 VERY COMPLICATED, AND THE ABILITY TO THINK IS ONE OF THE 387 00:22:05,233 --> 00:22:08,800 THINGS THAT A ROBOT NEEDS TO HAVE. 388 00:22:08,800 --> 00:22:13,000 >> HI, MY NAME IS RIKER, AND I GO TO GALILEO STEM ACADEMY. 389 00:22:13,000 --> 00:22:19,433 MY QUESTION IS -- WHY ARE MARS' ROVERS SO SLOW? 390 00:22:19,433 --> 00:22:23,900 >> THE ROVERS THAT WE SEND TO OTHER PLANETS MOVE SLOWLY FOR A 391 00:22:23,900 --> 00:22:24,800 COUPLE OF REASONS. 392 00:22:24,800 --> 00:22:28,700 ONE OF THEM IS THE ROVERS THAT WE SEND DON'T HAVE A LOT OF 393 00:22:28,700 --> 00:22:29,700 POWER ONBOARD. 394 00:22:29,700 --> 00:22:33,166 SO, MOST OF OUR ROVERS WERE POWERED BY SOLAR POWER. 395 00:22:33,166 --> 00:22:35,800 MARS CURIOSITY, WHICH IS THE NEWEST ROVER ON MARS IS POWERED 396 00:22:35,800 --> 00:22:49,433 BY A SMALL NUKE -- NUCLEAR REACT OR. 397 00:22:49,433 --> 00:22:51,533 THE BATTERIES TAKE TIME TO BE CHARGED. 398 00:22:51,533 --> 00:22:54,633 IF A ROVER GETS STUCK AND BREAKS, THERE IS NOBODY THERE TO 399 00:22:54,633 --> 00:22:58,100 FIX IT, AND THESE ROBOTS REPRESENT A LOT OF INVESTMENT IN 400 00:22:58,100 --> 00:23:01,967 DOLLARS AND IN TIME, SO BEFORE THE ROBOTS ARE ABLE TO MOVE, 401 00:23:01,967 --> 00:23:04,533 THERE IS A LOT OF CHECKS THAT ARE DONE, A LOT OF PEOPLE WHO 402 00:23:04,533 --> 00:23:08,734 ARE INVOLVED IN MAKING SURE THAT THE ROBOT WILL PERFORM A SAFE 403 00:23:08,734 --> 00:23:09,533 ACTION. 404 00:23:09,533 --> 00:23:15,100 SO, YOU CAN THINK ABOUT THESE ROBOTS AS OPERATING AS SAFELY AS 405 00:23:15,100 --> 00:23:20,333 POSSIBLE UNDER A SUSTAINABLE POWER CONSUMPTION, AND THE IDEA 406 00:23:20,333 --> 00:23:23,700 FOR THIS, IS THAT THEY WILL CONTINUE TO OPERATE FOR YEARS 407 00:23:23,700 --> 00:23:27,266 INSTEAD OF GOING AND BURNING THEIR BATTERIES OUT OR MAKING A 408 00:23:27,266 --> 00:23:29,266 MISTAKE AND GETTING STUCK. 409 00:23:29,266 --> 00:23:32,700 >> THERE IS ONE OTHER FACTOR THAT COMES INTO PLAY, AND THAT'S 410 00:23:32,700 --> 00:23:36,166 BECAUSE THE ROBOTS ARE SO FAR AWAY, IT TAKES A LONG TIME TO 411 00:23:36,166 --> 00:23:40,333 GET SIGNALS TO THEM, AND TO GET FEEDBACK FROM THEM. 412 00:23:40,333 --> 00:23:44,166 SO, IF WE COMMAND THE ROVER TO MOVE FORWARD A COUPLE OF INCHES, 413 00:23:44,166 --> 00:23:47,433 FOR INSTANCE, IT MIGHT BE AS LONG AS 20 MINUTES OR MORE TO 414 00:23:47,433 --> 00:23:51,100 GET AN ANSWER BACK FROM THE ROBOT THAT INDICATED THAT MOVE 415 00:23:51,100 --> 00:23:52,233 WAS SUCCESSFUL. 416 00:23:52,233 --> 00:23:59,734 SO, WE DON'T WANT TO GO TOO FAR WITH THESE ROBOTS AT ONE SHOT. 417 00:23:59,734 --> 00:24:03,266 >> HI, I GO TO HAWTHORNE ELEMENTARY, AND I WOULD LIKE TO 418 00:24:03,266 --> 00:24:05,600 KNOW HOW MANY PLANETS HAVE ROBOTS BEEN TO? 419 00:24:05,600 --> 00:24:07,900 >> WE SENT ROBOTS TO ALL OF THE PLANETS. 420 00:24:07,900 --> 00:24:10,734 WE HAVE FLOWN PAST ALL OF THE PLANETS. 421 00:24:10,734 --> 00:24:14,533 UTO, WHICH IS NO LONGER CONSIDERED A PLANET, NEW 422 00:24:14,533 --> 00:24:16,166 HORIZONS WILL BE VISITING SOON. 423 00:24:16,166 --> 00:24:18,433 WE HAVE LANDED ON VENUS. 424 00:24:18,433 --> 00:24:23,800 WE HAVE LANDED MULTIPLE VEHICLES ON MARS, INCLUDING SOME ROVERS. 425 00:24:23,800 --> 00:24:25,700 WE HAVE LANDED ON THE MOON. 426 00:24:25,700 --> 00:24:29,900 WE HAVE LANDED ON SATURN'S MOON, TITAN, WE HAVE LANDED A PROBE 427 00:24:29,900 --> 00:24:36,433 THERE, AND WE HAVE, ALSO, SENT PROBES INTO JUPITER, WHICH IS A 428 00:24:36,433 --> 00:24:40,000 GAS PLANET, SO WE CANNOT REALLY LAND ON IT, BUT WE HAVE 429 00:24:40,000 --> 00:24:40,967 PENETRATED THE GAS. 430 00:24:40,967 --> 00:24:44,333 SO, WE REALLY HAVE BEEN -- WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT ROBOTS, WE'VE 431 00:24:44,333 --> 00:24:48,500 BEEN TO ALL OF THE PLANETS, AND NOW, WE'VE BEEN TO SEVERAL 432 00:24:48,500 --> 00:24:51,600 ASTEROIDS, AS WELL AS A COUPLE OF COMETS. 433 00:24:51,600 --> 00:24:53,967 >> DEAN, BEFORE WE RUN OUT OF TIME, LET ME ASK, WHY DID YOU 434 00:24:53,967 --> 00:24:57,600 PICK A JOB WORKING WITH TECHNOLOGY? 435 00:24:57,600 --> 00:25:00,500 >> I HAVE ALWAYS ENJOYED TECHNOLOGY. 436 00:25:00,500 --> 00:25:04,734 WHEN I WAS A STUDENT IN HIGH SCHOOL, I STARTED DESIGNING THE 437 00:25:04,734 --> 00:25:10,533 FIRST PRODUCTS THAT I SOLD, AND BEYOND THAT, I HAVE JUST ENJOYED 438 00:25:10,533 --> 00:25:12,734 CREATING THINGS. 439 00:25:12,734 --> 00:25:17,000 THAT'S -- BEING AN ENGINEER, EVERY DAY, I GET TO CREATIVELY 440 00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:20,000 SOLVE PROBLEMS, AND THAT'S VERY REWARDING. 441 00:25:20,000 --> 00:25:22,633 >> AND JOSH, AS SOMEONE WHO IS INTERESTED IN WORKING WITH OR 442 00:25:22,633 --> 00:25:27,000 DESIGNING OR BUILDING ROBOTS, WHAT SHOULD HE OR SHE STUDY IN 443 00:25:27,000 --> 00:25:27,800 SCHOOL? 444 00:25:27,800 --> 00:25:32,266 >> SO, ROBOTS ARE MACHINES, AND MACHINES ARE NORMALLY BUILT AND 445 00:25:32,266 --> 00:25:33,900 DESIGNED BY ENGINEERS. 446 00:25:33,900 --> 00:25:37,533 TO BE AN ENGINEER, YOU NEED TO KNOW A LOT OF MATH AND SCIENCE, 447 00:25:37,533 --> 00:25:40,367 AND YOU DON'T HAVE TO NECESSARILY REALLY LIKE MATH. 448 00:25:40,367 --> 00:25:43,333 IN FACT, MOST ENGINEERS THAT ISSUE, DON'T REALLY LIKE MATH. 449 00:25:43,333 --> 00:25:46,500 THEY THINK THE MATH IS SOMETHING THAT THEY HAVE TO DO, SO THAT 450 00:25:46,500 --> 00:25:47,700 THEY CAN BUILD THINGS. 451 00:25:47,700 --> 00:25:50,633 WHAT YOU REALLY HAVE TO HAVE TO BE AN ENGINEER IS AN INTEREST IN 452 00:25:50,633 --> 00:25:55,633 UNDERSTANDING HOW THINGS WORK, AND THE PATIENCE TO LEARN HOW 453 00:25:55,633 --> 00:25:57,700 THINGS WORK. 454 00:25:57,700 --> 00:26:01,800 WHAT I WOULD TELL STUDENTS WHO ARE INTERESTED IN GETTING INTO 455 00:26:01,800 --> 00:26:06,433 BUILDING ROBOTS, IS TO PAY ATTENTION IN SCHOOL, IN ALL 456 00:26:06,433 --> 00:26:10,633 SUBJECT AREAS, AND REMEMBER THAT MATH AND SCIENCE, EVEN IF IT'S A 457 00:26:10,633 --> 00:26:13,166 TOPIC THAT'S NOT VERY INTERESTING TO YOU DIRECTLY, 458 00:26:13,166 --> 00:26:14,867 THAT IS WHAT WE BUILD ALL OF THE ENGINEERING ON. 459 00:26:14,867 --> 00:26:17,266 IF YOU DON'T UNDERSTAND HOW THE WORLD WORKS, YOU CANNOT 460 00:26:17,266 --> 00:26:20,166 UNDERSTAND HOW TO BUILD SOMETHING THAT IS GOING TO WORK 461 00:26:20,166 --> 00:26:22,433 IN THE WORLD. 462 00:26:22,433 --> 00:26:26,600 AND THEN, YOU CAN GO OFF AND YOU CAN START WORKING RIGHT NOW. 463 00:26:26,600 --> 00:26:29,734 YOU CAN BUILD WHATEVER YOU WANT. 464 00:26:29,734 --> 00:26:33,066 IN YOUR PARENT'S GARAGE WITH THEIR PERMISSION, BUT THERE IS 465 00:26:33,066 --> 00:26:35,500 NOTHING THAT SAYS THAT YOU HAVE TO WAIT UNTIL YOU HAVE A DEGREE 466 00:26:35,500 --> 00:26:37,533 FROM COLLEGE BEFORE YOU CAN START BUILDING ROBOTS. 467 00:26:37,533 --> 00:26:41,533 YOU CAN START BUILDING ROBOTS WHENEVER YOU WANT. 468 00:26:41,533 --> 00:26:42,433 >> YEAH, ABSOLUTELY. 469 00:26:42,433 --> 00:26:49,266 GET INVOLVED IN THE ROBOT PRRAMS THAT ARE AVAILABLE FOR YOU. 470 00:26:49,266 --> 00:26:54,800 THERE IS IF I -- FIRST LEGO LEAGUE THAT START IN KINDERGARTEN AND 471 00:26:54,800 --> 00:26:59,900 GO UP PAST 7th GRADE, AND FIRST TECH CHALLENGE IS FOR 472 00:26:59,900 --> 00:27:04,600 JUNIOR AND SENIOR HIGH STUDENTS, AND THE ULTIMATE CHALLENGE, THE 473 00:27:04,600 --> 00:27:07,433 FIRST ROBOTS' CHALLENGE IS FOR SENIOR HIGH STUDENTS, AND THAT'S 474 00:27:07,433 --> 00:27:10,800 WHERE YOU GET TO BUILD THE WILD ROBOTS. 475 00:27:10,800 --> 00:27:12,433 >> I AM SORRY, WE HAVE RUN OUT OF TIME. 476 00:27:12,433 --> 00:27:14,800 THANK YOU FOR ANSWERING THE STUDENTS' QUESTIONS. 477 00:27:14,800 --> 00:27:16,867 >> THANKS, IT HAS BEEN FUN. 478 00:27:16,867 --> 00:27:17,700 >> IT'S BEEN GOOD. 479 00:27:17,700 --> 00:27:20,800 >> OUR THANKS TO THE FOLKS HERE AT MICRON FOR HOSTING US. 480 00:27:20,800 --> 00:27:23,900 IF YOU HAVE A QUESTION FOR A SHOW, YOU CAN EMAIL IT OR SEND 481 00:27:23,900 --> 00:27:25,066 US AS A VIDEO QUESTION. 482 00:27:25,066 --> 00:27:28,367 RECORD IT ON YOUR CELL PHONE, TABLET OR WEB CAM, AND IF YOU 483 00:27:28,367 --> 00:27:31,533 ARE AN EDUCATOR, WE'LL LEND YOU A CAMERA, IF YOU SEND IN A 484 00:27:31,533 --> 00:27:33,166 QUESTION, YOU CAN WIN PRIZES. 485 00:27:33,166 --> 00:27:39,367 OUR LAST PRIZE WINNER WAS BRADEN IN MRS. HUNT'S CLASS AT CYNTHIA 486 00:27:39,367 --> 00:27:40,533 MANN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL. 487 00:27:40,533 --> 00:27:44,166 GO TO THE ROBOT SECTION OF THE SCIENCE TREK WEBSITE FOR FACTS, 488 00:27:44,166 --> 00:27:47,967 LINKS, LESSON PLANS AND MORE, OR WATCH SCIENCE TREK THE WEB SHOW, 489 00:27:47,967 --> 00:27:51,266 SEND IN YOUR QUESTIONS AND EACH WEEK CHECK OUT MY BLOG. 490 00:27:51,266 --> 00:27:56,266 YOU WILL FIND IT ALL AT IDAHOPTV.ORG/SCIENCETREK. 491 00:27:56,266 --> 00:27:57,000 THANKS FOR JOINING US. 492 00:27:57,000 --> 00:28:20,333 WE'LL SEE YOU NEXT TIME ON SCIENCE TREK. 493 00:28:20,333 --> 00:28:23,066 >> PRESENTATION OF SCIENCE TREK ON IDAHO PUBLIC TELEVISION IS 494 00:28:23,066 --> 00:28:25,800 MADE POSSIBLE THROUGH THE GENEROUS SUPPORT OF THE LAURA 495 00:28:25,800 --> 00:28:28,000 MOORE CUNNINGHAM FOUNDATION. 496 00:28:28,000 --> 00:28:30,967 COMMITTED TO FULFILLING THE MOORE FAMILY LEGACY OF BUILDING 497 00:28:30,967 --> 00:28:37,266 THE GREAT STATE OF IDAHO. 498 00:28:37,266 --> 00:28:40,000 >> IF YOU WANT TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THIS TOPIC OR WATCH OUR 499 00:28:40,000 --> 00:28:44,166 VIDEOS, CHECK OUT THE SCIENCE TREK WEBSITE AT