WEBVTT

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JOAN CARTAN-HANSEN, HOST: INSIDE

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YOUR SKULL IS THE THING THAT

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CONTROLS EVERYTHING YOU DO.

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YOUR BRAIN.

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FIND OUT MORE.

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OH, WAIT A MINUTE.

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YOU'RE GOING TO NEED THIS.

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I'LL PUT IT BACK AND WE CAN GET

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STARTED WITH THE SHOW.

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(MUSIC)

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THE BRAIN WEIGHS ABOUT

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THREE POUNDS.

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ITS MADE UP OF 100 BILLION NERVE

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CELLS OR NEURONS.

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ELECTRICAL MESSAGES PASS FROM

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CELL TO CELL.

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MESSAGES GO OUT OF YOUR BRAIN,

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DOWN YOUR SPINAL CORD AND OUT TO

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YOUR BODY AND THEN BACK AGAIN,

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ALL IN AN INSTANT.

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THE BRAIN, THE SPINAL CORD AND

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ALL THOSE NERVES MAKE UP THE

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NERVOUS SYSTEM.

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IT'S YOUR BODY'S INFORMATION

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SYSTEM.

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THE BRAIN IS MADE UP OF SEVERAL

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PARTS.

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THERE 'S THE BRAIN STEM.

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IT CONTROLS YOUR BODY'S BASIC

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AUTOMATIC FUNCTIONS, LIKE

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BREATHING.

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THE CEREBELLUM CONTROLS THINGS

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LIKE YOUR MOVEMENT, YOUR

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PHYSICAL SKILLS.

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AND THEN THERE IS THE LIMBIC

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SYSTEM THAT IS IMPORTANT FOR

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EMOTION, MEMORY AND LEARNING.

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IT MAKES UP ABOUT ONE FIFTH OF

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YOUR BRAIN.

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THERE STRUCTURES LIKE THE

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PITUITARY AND HYPOTHALAMUS.

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THEY WORK WITH THE BRAIN STEM TO

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CONTROL BODY TEMPERATURE, GROWTH

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AND BLOOD PRESSURE.

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AND THEN THERE'S THE CEREBRUM.

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THIS IS THE THINKING, CREATIVE

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PART OF YOUR BRAIN.

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IT'S ALSO THE BIGGEST PART OF

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YOUR BRAIN.

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ALONG WITH ITS THIN COVERING,

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THE CORTEX, IT'S THE PART OF

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YOUR BRAIN THAT GOVERNS

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VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS.

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ITS WHERE YOU THINK, WHERE YOU

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PERCEIVE OR SENSE THINGS.

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AND BECAUSE OF YOUR CORTEX, YOU

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CAN UNDERSTAND, LEARN, REMEMBER

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COMMUNICATE AND CREATE.

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THE BRAIN'S SURFACE IS COVERED

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WITH WRINKLES AND GROOVES.

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THESE WRINKLES AND FOLDS ALLOW

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THE BRAIN TO HAVE A MUCH LARGER

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SURFACE AREA.

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AND A BRAIN WITH MORE SURFACE

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AREA CAN PROCESS MORE

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INFORMATION.

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STUDENT: IT'S KIND OF LIKE

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TRYING TO TAKE A PIECE A PAPER

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AND FIT IT INTO A PLASTIC EASTER

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EGG.

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IF IT'S FLAT IT WON'T FIT VERY

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WELL.

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BUT IF YOU CRUMPLE IT UP,

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(CRUMPLING PAPER)

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IT FITS NICELY.

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AND THAT'S HOW YOUR BRAIN CAN

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USE A LOT OF SURFACE AREA FOR

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PROCESS POWER AND STILL FIT

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INSIDE YOUR HEAD.

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CARTAN-HANSEN: THE BRAIN HAS TWO

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HEMISPHERES AND THERE IS BAND OF

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FIBERS BETWEEN THE TWO PARTS OR

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HEMISPHERES OF THE BRAIN SO THAT

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THE LEFT SIDE KNOWS WHAT THE

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RIGHT SIDE IS DOING.

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STUDENT: THE HUMAN BRAIN IS SO

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SOFT THAT YOU COULD CUT IT WITH

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A BUTTER KNIFE.

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THAT'S WHY YOU SHOULD WEAR YOUR

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HELMET WHEN YOU RIDE YOUR BIKE.

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YOU NEED TO PROTECT YOUR BRAIN!

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CARTAN-HANSEN: YOUR BRAIN AND

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BODY ALSO PUT OUT CHEMICALS

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CALLED HORMONES OR

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NEUROTRANSIMTERS.

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HORMONES HELP REGULATE YOUR

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BODY'S GROWTH, HELP YOU MATURE,

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MAINTAIN DIGESTION, EVEN TELL

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YOU WHEN TO SLEEP.

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NEUROTRANSMITTERS ARE CHEMICALS

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THAT SEND MESSAGES BETWEEN BRAIN

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CELLS OR NEURONS.

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SOME NEUROTRANSMITTERS TELL YOUR

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HEART TO BEAT OR YOUR LUNGS TO

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BREATHE OR MUSCLES TO MOVE WHILE

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OTHERS REGULATE YOUR FEELINGS,

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ATTENTION, OR BEHAVIOR.

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THESE CHEMICALS PLAY A PART IN

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HOW YOU REMEMBER THINGS.

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WHY YOU DREAM, WHO YOU ARE.

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EVERYTHING THAT HAPPENS IN YOUR

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BODY, YOUR THOUGHTS, YOUR

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FEELINGS, YOUR BREATHING, YOUR

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GROWING ARE ALL CONTROLLED BY

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YOUR BRAIN.

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AND THE BRAIN CONTINUES TO

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DEVELOP EVEN AFTER YOU'RE BORN.

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AND IT CONTINUES TO CHANGE EVEN

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AS AN ADULT.

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YOUR BRAIN IS WHAT MAKES YOU,

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YOU.

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IF YOU WANT TO LEARN MORE ABOUT

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THE BRAIN AND LOTS OF OTHER

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SCIENTIFIC TOPICS, CHECK OUT THE

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SCIENCE TREK WEBSITE.

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YOU'LL FIND IT AT

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IDAHOPTV.ORG/SCIENCE TREK

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(MUSIC)

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NARRATOR: PRESENTATION

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OF SCIENCE TREK ON IDAHO PUBLIC

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TELEVISION IS MADE POSSIBLE

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THROUGH THE GENEROUS SUPPORT OF

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THE LAURA MOORE CUNNINGHAM

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FOUNDATION, COMMITTED TO

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FULFILLING THE MOORE AND BETTIS

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FAMILY LEGACY OF BUILDING THE

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GREAT STATE OF IDAHO; BY THE

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IDAHO NATIONAL LABORATORY,

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MENTORING TALENT AND FINDING

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SOLUTIONS FOR ENERGY AND

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SECURITY CHALLENGES; BY THE

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FRIENDS OF IDAHO PUBLIC

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TELEVISION; AND BY THE

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CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC

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BROADCASTING.