WEBVTT 00:06.800 --> 00:07.734 position:10% line:85% size:80% JOAN CARTAN-HANSEN, HOST: 00:07.734 --> 00:10.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% A COMPOUND IS A SUBSTANCE MADE 00:10.066 --> 00:11.734 position:10% line:85% size:80% UP OF DIFFERENT ELEMENTS. 00:11.734 --> 00:13.367 position:10% line:85% size:80% AN ELEMENT IS SOMETHING THAT 00:13.367 --> 00:14.633 position:10% line:85% size:80% CAN'T BE BROKEN DOWN INTO A 00:14.633 --> 00:16.000 position:10% line:85% size:80% SIMPLER SUBSTANCE. 00:16.000 --> 00:17.633 position:10% line:85% size:80% WE LIST ELEMENTS ON THE PERIODIC 00:17.633 --> 00:18.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% TABLE. 00:18.700 --> 00:20.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% WHEN YOU COMBINE ELEMENTS, LIKE 00:20.333 --> 00:21.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% TWO ATOM OF HYDROGEN AND ONE 00:21.867 --> 00:25.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% ATOM OF OXYGEN, YOU CAN GET H2O 00:25.333 --> 00:26.900 position:10% line:85% size:80% OR WATER. 00:26.900 --> 00:28.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% BUT IF YOU COMBINE TWO ATOMS OF 00:28.600 --> 00:29.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% HYDROGEN AND TWO ATOMS OF 00:29.800 --> 00:31.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% OXYGEN, YOU GET HYDROGEN 00:31.800 --> 00:33.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% PEROXIDE, SOMETHING USED TO 00:33.333 --> 00:35.000 position:10% line:85% size:80% BLEACH THINGS AND SOMETHING YOU 00:35.000 --> 00:37.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% DEFINITELY SHOULDN'T DRINK. 00:37.333 --> 00:39.734 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEY'RE BOTH COMPOUNDS, BOTH 00:39.734 --> 00:41.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% MADE UP THE SAME ELEMENTS, BUT 00:41.867 --> 00:44.367 position:10% line:85% size:80% VERY DIFFERENT SUBSTANCES. 00:44.367 --> 00:45.900 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE STUDY OF ELEMENTS AND 00:45.900 --> 00:47.433 position:10% line:85% size:80% COMPOUNDS IS A BIG PART OF THE 00:47.433 --> 00:49.166 position:10% line:85% size:80% SCIENCE OF CHEMISTRY. 00:49.166 --> 00:50.533 position:10% line:85% size:80% CHEMISTS LEARN HOW TO COMBINE 00:50.533 --> 00:52.166 position:10% line:85% size:80% ELEMENTS AND TO TAKE APART 00:52.166 --> 00:53.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% COMPOUNDS. 00:53.333 --> 00:54.900 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEY LEARN WHAT SUBSTANCES ARE 00:54.900 --> 00:56.533 position:10% line:85% size:80% MADE OF AND HOW ELEMENTS COMBINE 00:56.533 --> 00:58.166 position:10% line:85% size:80% TO MAKE NEW MATERIALS. 00:58.166 --> 00:59.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEY ALSO LEARN ABOUT 00:59.867 --> 01:01.166 position:10% line:85% size:80% PROPERTIES. 01:01.166 --> 01:02.633 position:10% line:85% size:80% EVERY SUBSTANCE HAS A UNIQUE SET 01:02.633 --> 01:04.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% OF PROPERTIES. 01:04.066 --> 01:05.533 position:10% line:85% size:80% PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ARE 01:05.533 --> 01:07.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% SOMETHING YOU CAN SEE OR 01:07.066 --> 01:08.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% MEASURE. 01:08.233 --> 01:09.166 position:10% line:85% size:80% LOOK AT THE PUPPIES. 01:09.166 --> 01:10.367 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEY ARE ALSO SOFT AND COLORFUL 01:10.367 --> 01:12.000 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND WEIGH A FEW POUNDS. 01:12.000 --> 01:14.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% COLOR, TEXTURE, AND WEIGHT ARE 01:14.066 --> 01:15.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% SOME OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 01:15.600 --> 01:16.633 position:10% line:85% size:80% OF THE PUPPIES. 01:16.633 --> 01:19.100 position:10% line:85% size:80% (AWE) 01:19.100 --> 01:20.633 position:10% line:85% size:80% BUT SCIENTISTS ARE ALSO 01:20.633 --> 01:22.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% INTERESTED IN A SUBSTANCE'S 01:22.233 --> 01:24.166 position:10% line:85% size:80% CHEMICAL PROPERTIES. 01:24.166 --> 01:25.633 position:10% line:85% size:80% CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ARE HOW A 01:25.633 --> 01:27.000 position:10% line:85% size:80% SUBSTANCE ACTS UNDER CERTAIN 01:27.000 --> 01:28.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% CONDITIONS. 01:28.333 --> 01:30.000 position:10% line:85% size:80% YOU CAN SEE A SUBSTANCE'S 01:30.000 --> 01:31.433 position:10% line:85% size:80% CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ONLY THROUGH 01:31.433 --> 01:33.000 position:10% line:85% size:80% A CHEMICAL REACTION. 01:33.000 --> 01:34.367 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND IF YOU KNOW WHAT A 01:34.367 --> 01:35.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% SUBSTANCE'S CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 01:35.800 --> 01:37.266 position:10% line:85% size:80% ARE, YOU CAN CLASSIFY IT, 01:37.266 --> 01:38.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% IDENTIFY IT IN AN UNKNOWN 01:38.800 --> 01:40.266 position:10% line:85% size:80% SOLUTION, PREDICT HOW IT WILL 01:40.266 --> 01:42.000 position:10% line:85% size:80% BEHAVE, AND FIGURE OUT HOW TO 01:42.000 --> 01:43.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% SEPARATE IT OUT. 01:43.800 --> 01:45.000 position:10% line:85% size:80% THIS IS MY FRIEND CHRIS 01:45.000 --> 01:46.266 position:10% line:85% size:80% SAUNDERS. 01:46.266 --> 01:47.433 position:10% line:85% size:80% HE'S A CLINICAL ASSISTANT 01:47.433 --> 01:48.533 position:10% line:85% size:80% PROFESSOR AT BOISE STATE 01:48.533 --> 01:49.633 position:10% line:85% size:80% UNIVERSITY'S DEPARTMENT OF 01:49.633 --> 01:51.100 position:10% line:85% size:80% CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY. 01:51.100 --> 01:52.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% HE'S GOING TO SHOW US HOW YOU 01:52.600 --> 01:54.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% CAN BREAK UP A COMPOUND INTO ITS 01:54.333 --> 01:55.633 position:10% line:85% size:80% COMPONENTS. 01:56.100 --> 01:57.367 position:10% line:85% size:80% CHRIS SAUNDERS, CHEMIST: WELL 01:57.367 --> 01:58.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% OFTEN TIMES THAT'S PRETTY 01:58.700 --> 01:59.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% DIFFICULT TO DO. 01:59.967 --> 02:01.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% BUT ONE OF THE EASY ONES THAT WE 02:01.333 --> 02:02.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% CAN DO IS THE ELECTROLYSIS OF 02:02.867 --> 02:03.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% WATER. 02:03.600 --> 02:04.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO WHAT I HAVE HERE IS A SET UP 02:04.867 --> 02:06.367 position:10% line:85% size:80% WHERE I'VE TAKEN WATER AND I'M 02:06.367 --> 02:07.533 position:10% line:85% size:80% PASSING AN ELECTRIC CURRENT 02:07.533 --> 02:08.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% THROUGH THE WATER. 02:08.800 --> 02:10.166 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO WHAT'S COLLECTING IN THESE 02:10.166 --> 02:11.533 position:10% line:85% size:80% TUBES IS HYDROGEN GAS AND OXYGEN 02:11.533 --> 02:12.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% GAS. 02:12.333 --> 02:13.633 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND YOU'LL NOTICE THERE ARE 02:13.633 --> 02:15.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% DIFFERENT AMOUNTS OF GAS IN THAT 02:15.066 --> 02:16.433 position:10% line:85% size:80% TUBE BECAUSE WATER IS MADE OUT 02:16.433 --> 02:17.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% OF TWO PARTS OF HYDROGEN TO 02:17.800 --> 02:19.633 position:10% line:85% size:80% EVERY ONE PART OF OXYGEN. 02:19.633 --> 02:21.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% WE CAN ALSO LOOK AT THE 02:21.233 --> 02:22.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% DIFFERENT CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 02:22.600 --> 02:24.633 position:10% line:85% size:80% HYDROGEN GAS VERSUS OXYGEN GAS. 02:24.633 --> 02:26.266 position:10% line:85% size:80% ONE OF THEM BEING THAT HYDROGEN 02:26.266 --> 02:28.633 position:10% line:85% size:80% GAS MAKES A NICE POP WHEN YOU 02:28.633 --> 02:29.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% IGNITE IT. 02:29.800 --> 02:31.166 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO WE ARE GOING TO TRY TO CATCH 02:31.166 --> 02:33.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% THAT GAS AND TOUCH A FLAME TO IT 02:33.066 --> 02:34.533 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND SEE WHAT HAPPENS SO LISTEN 02:34.533 --> 02:35.900 position:10% line:85% size:80% CAREFULLY. 02:35.900 --> 02:37.900 position:10% line:85% size:80% (POP) 02:37.900 --> 02:40.533 position:10% line:85% size:80% SAUNDERS: NOT MUCH OF AN 02:40.533 --> 02:41.900 position:10% line:85% size:80% EXPLOSION, BUT YOU COULD 02:41.900 --> 02:44.000 position:10% line:85% size:80% DEFINETLY HEAR THAT THERE WAS AN 02:44.000 --> 02:45.900 position:10% line:85% size:80% IGNITION OF THE HYDROGEN GAS. 02:45.900 --> 02:47.266 position:10% line:85% size:80% NOW IF WE DO THAT SAME THING 02:47.266 --> 02:48.533 position:10% line:85% size:80% WITH THE OXYGEN GAS WE ARE GOING 02:48.533 --> 02:50.367 position:10% line:85% size:80% TO GET A DIFFERENT RESULT. 02:54.900 --> 02:56.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% SEE NO EXPLOSION THIS TIME. 02:56.867 --> 03:01.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% (MUSIC) 03:01.333 --> 03:02.533 position:10% line:85% size:80% SAUNDERS: SO I HAVE SOME 03:02.533 --> 03:04.000 position:10% line:85% size:80% SOLUTIONS HERE THAT I'VE MADE UP 03:04.000 --> 03:05.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND WE ARE GOING TO MIX THEM 03:05.333 --> 03:06.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% TOGETHER AND WE ARE GOING TO 03:06.700 --> 03:07.900 position:10% line:85% size:80% MAKE OBSERVATIONS IN TERMS OF 03:07.900 --> 03:09.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% HAS A CHEMICAL CHANGE HAPPENED? 03:09.333 --> 03:11.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% I.E. HAVE WE MADE SOMETHING NEW? 03:11.500 --> 03:12.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% IN THIS CASE WE HAVE A SOLUTION 03:12.967 --> 03:16.433 position:10% line:85% size:80% OF POTASSIUM IODIDE AND IN THIS 03:16.433 --> 03:19.000 position:10% line:85% size:80% SOLUTION WE HAVE LEAD NITRATE. 03:19.000 --> 03:20.533 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO WE ARE GOING TO MIX THESE TWO 03:20.533 --> 03:21.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% TOGETHER. 03:21.800 --> 03:23.266 position:10% line:85% size:80% BOTH OF THEM START OFF AS CLEAR 03:23.266 --> 03:24.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% COLORLESS LIQUIDS AND WHEN I ADD 03:24.800 --> 03:28.000 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEM TOGETHER OBVIOUSLY 03:28.000 --> 03:30.533 position:10% line:85% size:80% SOMETHING NEW IS BEING MADE. 03:30.533 --> 03:33.533 position:10% line:85% size:80% IN THIS CASE THAT BRIGHT YELLOW 03:33.533 --> 03:37.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% PRECIPITATE IS LEAD IODIDE. 03:37.600 --> 03:39.433 position:10% line:85% size:80% NOW YOU NOTICE WHEN I MIX THESE 03:39.433 --> 03:41.900 position:10% line:85% size:80% TWO SOLIDS TOGETHER THAT NOTHING 03:41.900 --> 03:43.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% IS HAPPENING. 03:43.333 --> 03:46.166 position:10% line:85% size:80% WHEN WE MIXED THEM BEFORE THEY 03:46.166 --> 03:47.734 position:10% line:85% size:80% MADE THAT YELLOW PRECIPITATE SO 03:47.734 --> 03:49.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% WHAT'S GOING ON? 03:49.600 --> 03:51.166 position:10% line:85% size:80% WELL FOR THIS REACTION TO OCCUR 03:51.166 --> 03:52.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% THEY BOTH NEED TO BE DISSOLVED 03:52.867 --> 03:53.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% IN WATER. 03:53.800 --> 03:55.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO LET'S ADD SOME WATER TO THEM 03:55.233 --> 03:59.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND SEE WHAT HAPPENS. 03:59.700 --> 04:02.000 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO RIGHT AWAY YOU CAN SEE AS WE 04:02.000 --> 04:04.000 position:10% line:85% size:80% ADD THAT WATER THOSE COMPOUNDS 04:04.000 --> 04:05.900 position:10% line:85% size:80% WILL DISSOLVE AND NOW THEY CAN 04:05.900 --> 04:07.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% REACT WITH EACH OTHER SO THAT WE 04:07.333 --> 04:09.166 position:10% line:85% size:80% MAKE THE SAME YELLOW COMPOUND 04:09.166 --> 04:10.266 position:10% line:85% size:80% THAT WE MADE IN THE FIRST 04:10.266 --> 04:11.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% REACTION. 04:11.500 --> 04:15.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% (MUSIC) 04:15.600 --> 04:17.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% SAUNDERS: SO RIGHT HERE 04:17.066 --> 04:18.367 position:10% line:85% size:80% I HAVE A BALANCE AND WE USE A 04:18.367 --> 04:19.900 position:10% line:85% size:80% BALANCE TO MEASURE THE MASS OF 04:19.900 --> 04:20.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% COMPOUNDS. 04:20.800 --> 04:22.433 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND ON THE BALANCE I HAVE A 04:22.433 --> 04:24.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% CONTAINER OF VINEGAR AND I HAVE 04:24.500 --> 04:25.633 position:10% line:85% size:80% A BALLOON. 04:25.633 --> 04:27.266 position:10% line:85% size:80% INSIDE THE BALLOON I PLACED SOME 04:27.266 --> 04:28.900 position:10% line:85% size:80% BAKING SODA AND WHEN YOU MIX 04:28.900 --> 04:30.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% BAKING SODA AND VINEGAR TOGETHER 04:30.333 --> 04:31.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% YOU GET A REACTION. 04:31.967 --> 04:33.734 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO I'M GOING TO MIX THESE THINGS 04:33.734 --> 04:35.000 position:10% line:85% size:80% TOGETHER, KEEP THEM ON THE 04:35.000 --> 04:36.166 position:10% line:85% size:80% BALANCE AND WE'RE GOING TO SEE 04:36.166 --> 04:39.166 position:10% line:85% size:80% WHAT HAPPENS TO THE MASS. 04:39.166 --> 04:40.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% NOW IT'S IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT 04:40.600 --> 04:42.100 position:10% line:85% size:80% ONE OF THE PRODUCTS OF THIS 04:42.100 --> 04:43.900 position:10% line:85% size:80% REACTION IS A GAS SO I NEED TO 04:43.900 --> 04:46.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% KEEP THE BALLON ON HERE SO THAT 04:46.066 --> 04:48.000 position:10% line:85% size:80% I CAN CATCH ALL OF THAT GAS 04:48.000 --> 04:49.367 position:10% line:85% size:80% BECAUSE EVEN THOUGH IT'S VERY 04:49.367 --> 04:57.367 position:10% line:85% size:80% LIGHT GAS HAS MASS AS WELL. 04:57.367 --> 05:06.533 position:10% line:85% size:80% OH THAT'S GOING TO MAKE A MESS! 05:06.533 --> 05:08.600 position:10% line:85% size:80% SO OUR REACTION HAS HAPPENED. 05:08.600 --> 05:09.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% DEFINETLY THINGS HAVE CHANGED. 05:09.867 --> 05:11.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% WE SAW A LOT OF ALL THIS 05:11.700 --> 05:13.266 position:10% line:85% size:80% BUBBLING, WE'VE CAUGHT ALL THAT 05:13.266 --> 05:15.734 position:10% line:85% size:80% GAS, BUT EVEN AFTER ALL OF THAT 05:15.734 --> 05:17.900 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE MASS OF ALL THE PARTS OF OUR 05:17.900 --> 05:20.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% REACTION HAVE NOT CHANGED. 05:20.333 --> 05:21.633 position:10% line:85% size:80% CARTAN-HANSEN: THANKS CHRIS FOR 05:21.633 --> 05:23.700 position:10% line:85% size:80% SHOWING US ABOUT COMPOUNDS. 05:23.700 --> 05:24.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% CHRIS: MY PLEASURE THANKS FOR 05:24.800 --> 05:26.433 position:10% line:85% size:80% HAVING ME JOAN. 05:26.433 --> 05:27.633 position:10% line:85% size:80% CARTAN-HANSEN: IF YOU WANT TO 05:27.633 --> 05:28.900 position:10% line:85% size:80% LEARN MORE ABOUT COMPOUNDS AND 05:28.900 --> 05:30.166 position:10% line:85% size:80% LOTS OF OTHER SCIENTIFIC TOPICS, 05:30.166 --> 05:31.433 position:10% line:85% size:80% CHECK OUT THE SCIENCE TREK WEB 05:31.433 --> 05:32.233 position:10% line:85% size:80% SITE. 05:32.233 --> 05:33.166 position:10% line:85% size:80% YOU'LL FIND IT AT 05:33.166 --> 05:35.633 position:10% line:85% size:80% IDAHOPTV.ORG/SCIENCE TREK. 05:37.000 --> 05:54.533 position:10% line:85% size:80% (MUSIC) 05:58.367 --> 05:59.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% NARRATOR: PRESENTATION 05:59.333 --> 06:00.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% OF SCIENCE TREK ON IDAHO PUBLIC 06:00.867 --> 06:02.533 position:10% line:85% size:80% TELEVISION IS MADE POSSIBLE 06:02.533 --> 06:04.000 position:10% line:85% size:80% THROUGH THE GENEROUS SUPPORT OF 06:04.000 --> 06:05.266 position:10% line:85% size:80% THE LAURA MOORE CUNNINGHAM 06:05.266 --> 06:06.900 position:10% line:85% size:80% FOUNDATION, COMMITTED TO 06:06.900 --> 06:08.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% FULFILLING THE MOORE AND BETTIS 06:08.333 --> 06:10.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% FAMILY LEGACY OF BUILDING THE 06:10.066 --> 06:12.333 position:10% line:85% size:80% GREAT STATE OF IDAHO; BY THE 06:12.333 --> 06:14.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% IDAHO NATIONAL LABORATORY, 06:14.500 --> 06:16.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% MENTORING TALENT AND FINDING 06:16.066 --> 06:17.867 position:10% line:85% size:80% SOLUTIONS FOR ENERGY AND 06:17.867 --> 06:20.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% SECURITY CHALLENGES; BY WALMART 06:20.066 --> 06:21.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% AND THE WALMART FOUNDATION, 06:21.967 --> 06:23.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% INCREASING ACCESS FOR IDAHO'S 06:23.800 --> 06:25.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% CHILDREN TO EXPLORE THE 06:25.500 --> 06:27.500 position:10% line:85% size:80% POSSIBILITIES OF SCIENCE AND 06:27.500 --> 06:29.066 position:10% line:85% size:80% TECHNOLOGY AND SPARKING THEIR 06:29.066 --> 06:30.533 position:10% line:85% size:80% INTEREST IN CAREERS THAT SHAPE 06:30.533 --> 06:32.266 position:10% line:85% size:80% OUR WORLD; BY THE FRIENDS OF 06:32.266 --> 06:34.800 position:10% line:85% size:80% IDAHO PUBLIC TELEVISION; BY THE 06:34.800 --> 06:35.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC 06:35.967 --> 06:38.000 position:10% line:85% size:80% BROADCASTING AND BY VIEWERS LIKE 06:38.000 --> 06:39.967 position:10% line:85% size:80% YOU, THANK YOU.