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STUDENT 1: HEY, WHAT'S

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GOING ON WITH THE POWER?

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STUDENT 2: I DON'T KNOW.

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JOAN, WHAT'S WITH THE POWER?

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JOAN CARTAN-HANSEN, HOST: POWER?

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WELL, WE IN THE UNITED STATES

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GET ABOUT 20 PERCENT OF ITS

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POWER FROM NUCLEAR ENERGY.

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STUDENT 2: NO, I MEAN THE

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LIGHTS.

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CARTAN-HANSEN: WELL, ENERGY DOES

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COME IN MANY FORMS INCLUDING

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LIGHT.

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BUT SINCE YOU ASKED ABOUT

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NUCLEAR ENERGY, CAN I TELL YOU

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MORE?

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STUDENT 1: NO, WE MEANT

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ABOUT...OH NEVER MIND.

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STUDENT 2: NO, I'D REALLY LIKE

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TO LEARN ABOUT NUCLEAR ENERGY.

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CARTAN-HANSEN: WELL, IF YOU'RE

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GOING TO LEARN ABOUT NUCLEAR

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ENERGY, THE FIRST PLACE YOU HAVE

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TO START IS WITH THE ATOM.

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ATOMS ARE TINY PARTICLES THAT

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MAKE UP ALL MATTER.

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ATOMS EACH HAVE A NUCLEUS MADE

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UP OF A PROTONS AND NEUTRONS AND

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THEN ELECTRONS WHICH CIRCLE THE

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NUCLEUS.

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ATOMS DIFFER IN THE NUMBER OF

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PROTONS, NEUTRONS AND ELECTRONS.

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EACH INDIVIDUAL COMBINATION IS

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KNOWN AS AN ELEMENT.

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THERE ARE AT LEAST 92 DIFFERENT

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KINDS ELEMENTS IN NATURE.

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YOU CAN SEE THEM LISTED ON THE

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PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS.

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NOW, NUCLEAR ENERGY IS THAT

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ENERGY IN THE CORE OF AN ATOM.

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THAT ENERGY THAT HOLDS THE ATOM

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TOGETHER IS THE STRONGEST FORCE

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IN NATURE.

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AND WHEN WE BREAK THAT BOND, THE

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ENERGY THAT GETS RELEASED CAN BE

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USED TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY.

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STUDENT 2: BUT HOW?

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CARTAN-HANSEN: WELL, IT'S A

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PROCESS CALLED NUCLEAR FISSION

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AND IT STARTS WITH URANIUM.

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URANIUM IS A METAL FOUND IN

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ROCKS.

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WE MINE IT AND THEN PROCESS IT.

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URANIUM OCCURS IN SLIGHTLY

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DIFFERENT FORMS KNOWN AS

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ISOTOPES.

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EACH ISOTOPE CONTAINS A SLIGHTLY

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DIFFERENT NUMBER OF NEUTRONS IN

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ITS NUCLEUS.

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URANIUM'S ISOTOPES ARE

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URANIUM-238 AND URANIUM-235.

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MOST NUCLEAR PLANTS USE URANIUM

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235 AS ITS FUEL BECAUSE, UNDER

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THE RIGHT CONDITIONS, IT CAN BE

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SPLIT.

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AND WHEN AN ATOM IS SPLIT, IT

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RELEASES ENERGY.

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NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS USE THE

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HEAT GENERATED FROM SPLITTING

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ATOMS TO HEAT WATER, WHICH IS

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THEN TURNED INTO STEAM.

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THAT STEAM TURNS A TURBINE

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CONNECTED TO A GENERATOR WHICH

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PRODUCES ELECTRICITY.

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A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT PRODUCES

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ELECTRICITY IN PRETTY MUCH THE

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SAME WAY AS A COAL PLANT

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DOES...BUT INSTEAD BURNING A

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FOSSIL FUEL, THE NUCLEAR POWER

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PLANT GETS ITS HEAT FROM

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SPLITTING ATOMS.

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STUDENT 1: BUT HOW DOES THAT

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WORK?

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CARTAN-HANSEN: THE CORE OF A

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NUCLEAR REACTOR HAS A NUMBER OF

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RODS FILLED WITH URANIUM.

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THEN OPERATORS SHOOT NEUTRONS

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INTO THE URANIUM AND IT STARTS A

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CHAIN REACTION.

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STUDENT 2: WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY A

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CHAIN REACTION?

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CARTAN-HANSEN: WELL, KIND OF

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LIKE THIS OVER HERE.

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SO IMAGINE THAT THESE DOMINOS

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ARE THE CORE OF A NUCLEAR

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REACTOR.

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SO YOU SEND IN A NEUTRON TO

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SPLIT THE FIRST ATOM, IT THEN

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SENDS OUT MORE NEUTRONS TO SPLIT

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THE NEXT ATOMS AND THEN SENDS

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OUT MORE NEUTRONS AND SPLITS

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MORE ATOMS.

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AND EACH TIME YOU SPLIT AN ATOM

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IT RELEASES ENERGY IN THE FORM

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OF HEAT.

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STUDENT 1: YOU MEAN IT COULD

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JUST KEEP GOING ON AND ON.

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DOES IT EVER STOP?

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CARTAN-HANSEN: WELL NUCLEAR

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REACTORS HAVE THINGS CALLED

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CONTROL RODS THAT HELP SLOW DOWN

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OR STOP THE CHAIN REACTION.

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HERE LET ME SHOW YOU.

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YOU GUYS PUT IN THE RULERS AND

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I'LL START THE DOMINOS.

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WHAT HAPPENED?

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STUDENT 2: IT STOPPED.

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CARTAN-HANSEN: RIGHT, SO AN

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OPERATOR CAN PUT IN CONTROL RODS

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INTO THE REACTOR AND CONTROL THE

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PROCESS OF NUCLEAR FISSION AND

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IN THAT WAY IT CONTROLS HOW MUCH

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HEAT THE REACTOR PUTS OUT.

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BUT NUCLEAR POWER, LIKE ALL

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SOURCES OF ENERGY WE PRODUCE,

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HAS ITS PROS AND CONS.

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NUCLEAR PLANTS ARE EXPENSIVE TO

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BUILD BECAUSE THEY PUT IN SO

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MANY SAFETY FEATURES, BUT THE

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FUEL IS LESS EXPENSIVE.

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NUCLEAR POWER IS LESS

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DESTRUCTIVE TO THE ENVIRONMENT

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BECAUSE YOU DON'T NEED A LOT OF

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URANIUM TO GET ELECTRICITY.

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FOR EXAMPLE, IT WOULD TAKE 2,000

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POUNDS OF COAL, 149 GALLONS OF

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OIL, 17,000 CUBIC FEET OF

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NATURAL GAS, OR 5,000 POUNDS OF

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WOOD TO PRODUCE THE SAME AMOUNT

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OF ENERGY AS A ONE-INCH PELLET

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OF URANIUM FUEL!

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NUCLEAR POWER ALSO DOESN'T

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RELEASE AS MUCH CARBON DIOXIDE

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SO UNLIKE COAL OR GAS POWER

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PLANTS, IT DOESN'T REALLY ADD TO

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THE PROBLEM OF GLOBAL WARMING.

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AND UNLIKE SOLAR OR WIND POWER,

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NUCLEAR ENERGY CAN BE PRODUCED

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ELECTRICITY ANYTIME, MAKING IT A

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RELIABLE SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY.

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BUT NUCLEAR POWER DOES HAVE SOME

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SERIOUS DRAWBACKS.

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LIKE ANY TECHNOLOGY, IT CAN BE

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APPLIED FOR BENEFICIAL OR

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DESTRUCTIVE PURPOSES.

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FOR EXAMPLE, DURING WORLD WAR 2,

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WE DEVELOPED BOMBS THAT USED

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ATOMIC ENERGY.

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COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD NOW

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HAVE NUCLEAR BOMBS AND OFFICIALS

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ARE WORKING TO PREVENT THEIR

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USE.

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ANOTHER PROBLEM: A FEW NUCLEAR

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POWER PLANTS HAVE HAD ACCIDENTS

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AND EXPOSED PEOPLE IN THE AREA

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TO NUCLEAR RADIATION.

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AND CREATING NUCLEAR POWER

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LEAVES BEHIND HIGH AND LOW LEVEL

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RADIOACTIVE WASTE.

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EXPOSURE TO A HIGH ENOUGH LEVEL

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OF NUCLEAR RADIATION OR

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RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL CAN BE

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DEADLY.

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HIGH LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE LIKE

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THE FUEL INSIDE A NUCLEAR

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REACTOR CAN REMAIN DANGEROUS FOR

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THOUSANDS OF YEARS.

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LOW LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE IS LESS

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DANGEROUS BUT STILL NEEDS TO BE

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DISPOSED OF SAFELY.

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AS A SOCIETY, WE ARE STILL

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TRYING TO FIGURE OUT HOW TO

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SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF THE PROPER

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DISPOSAL OF NUCLEAR WASTE.

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AND THERE IS ALSO THE RISK OF AN

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ACCIDENT AT A NUCLEAR POWER

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PLANT WHICH COULD CAUSE SERIOUS

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PROBLEMS FOR A VERY LONG TIME.

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WE HAVE TO CONSIDER A LOT OF

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CHOICES WHEN WE MAKE ELECTRICITY

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AND NUCLEAR ENERGY IS ONE

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OPTION.

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AND BY THE WAY, POWER PLANTS

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AREN'T THE ONLY WAY WE USE

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NUCLEAR ENERGY TO MAKE HEAT.

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THE STARS LIKE OUR SUN USE A

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FORM OF NUCLEAR ENERGY TO SHINE,

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BUT THAT'S A DIFFERENT VIDEO.

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STUDENT 1: CAN WE SET UP THAT

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CHAIN REACTION AGAIN?

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CARTAN-HANSE: SURE.

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AND FOR THE REST OF YOU.

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IF YOU WANT TO LEARN MORE ABOUT

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NUCLEAR ENERGY, CHECK OUT THAT

205
00:05:34,533 --> 00:05:35,700
AREA ON THE SCIENCE TREK

206
00:05:35,700 --> 00:05:36,600
WEBSITE.

207
00:05:36,600 --> 00:05:37,533
YOU'LL FIND IT AT

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00:05:37,533 --> 00:05:39,700
IDAHOPTV.ORG/SCIENCE TREK

209
00:05:41,066 --> 00:05:59,000
(MUSIC)

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NARRATOR: PRESENTATION

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OF SCIENCE TREK ON IDAHO PUBLIC

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TELEVISION IS MADE POSSIBLE

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00:06:08,100 --> 00:06:09,333
THROUGH THE GENEROUS SUPPORT OF

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00:06:09,333 --> 00:06:10,533
THE LAURA MOORE CUNNINGHAM

215
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FOUNDATION, COMMITTED TO

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FULFILLING THE MOORE AND BETTIS

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FAMILY LEGACY OF BUILDING THE

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GREAT STATE OF IDAHO; BY THE

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IDAHO NATIONAL LABORATORY,

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MENTORING TALENT AND FINDING

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SOLUTIONS FOR ENERGY AND

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SECURITY CHALLENGES; BY WALMART

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AND THE WALMART FOUNDATION,

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INCREASING ACCESS FOR IDAHO'S

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CHILDREN TO EXPLORE THE

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POSSIBILITIES OF SCIENCE AND

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TECHNOLOGY AND SPARKING THEIR

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INTEREST IN CAREERS THAT SHAPE

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OUR WORLD; BY THE FRIENDS OF

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IDAHO PUBLIC TELEVISION; BY THE

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CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC

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