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>> HI, I'M JOAN CARTAN-HANSEN.

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WELCOME TO THE D4K WEB ONLY 
PROGRAM.

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ALSO WELCOME TO THE DISCOVERY 
CENTER OF IDAHO AND THE BODIES

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REVEALED EXHIBIT.

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JOINING ME TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 
ABOUT THE NERVOUS CYSYSTEM, DR.

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MARY RIVER FROM SAINT ALPHONSUS 
HOSPITAL.

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LET'S GO TO THE QUESTIONS.

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>> MY NAME IS KENDAUL.

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VALLEY VIEW ELEMENTARY SCHOOL.

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WHAT ARE THE SECTIONS IN THE 
BRAIN?

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>> THERE IS A RIGHT SIDE AND A 
LEFT SIDE IN THE BRAIN.

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AND THERE IS -- THERE ARE 
FRONTAL LOBES AND THERE ARE

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PARIETAL LOBES, TEMPORAL AND 
OCCIPITAL LOBES AND EACH HAS A

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FUNCTION.

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FRONTAL LOBE FUNCTION, 
INITIATION OF ACTIVITY AND

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BLOCKING ACTIVITY THAT ONE 
SHOULDN'T DO.

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THE TEMPORAL LOBES, WHERE 
HEARING IS INTERPRETED AND

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WHERE SOME OF SPEECH COMES FROM 
ON THE LEFT SIDE OF THE BRAIN

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FOR MOST PEOPLE.

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THE PARIETAL LOBES ARE MORE 
INVOLVED WITH LOCALIZATION,

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WHERE THINGS ARE, ARTISTIC 
TENDENCIES ON RIGHT SIDE OF THE

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BRAIN FOR MOST PEOPLE.

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OCCIPITAL LOBES WHICH ARE VERY 
FAR AWAY FROM THE -- WHERE THE

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IEBLS ARE, OCCIPITAL LOBES 
WHERE VISION IS INTERPRETED.

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>> HOW LONG DOES A NERVE TAKE 
TO SEND A MESSAGE TO YOUR

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BRAIN?

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>> WELL, THERE ARE SLOW NERVES 
AND THERE ARE FASTENER OFS AND

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THE VARIANCE IS BETWEEN TWO 
MILES AN HOUR, LIKE SLOW

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WALKING, VERSUS 200 MILES AN 
HOUR LIKE A REALLY FAST CAR.

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>> MY QUESTION IS, HOW DOES THE 
NERVE SYSTEM TRAVEL SO FAST, IS

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IT ELECTRICITY?

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>> IT IS A KIND OF ELECTRICITY.

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THE NERVES THEMSELVES ARE LIKE 
ELECTRICAL CORDS.

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THERE IS AN AXON IN THE CENTER 
WHICH IS LIKE THE WIRE AND A

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COATING AROUND THE WIRE THAT IS 
LIKE THE PLASTIC ON AN

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ELECTRICAL CORD.

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AND SOME NERVES HAVE -- ARE 
BIGGER AND THICKER.

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THEY HAVE MORE INSULATION AND 
THEY CAN ACTUALLY CONDUCT THE

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MESSAGE OR THE ELECTRICITY A 
LOT FASTER THAN THE SMALLER,

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SKINNIER NERVES.

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IT IS A LOT LIKE ELECTRICITY.

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>> I GO TO WEST MIDDLE SCHOOL.

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I HAVE A QUESTION ON HOW MANY 
NERVES ARE THERE IN THE HUMAN

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NERVOUS SYSTEM?

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>> GRACE, I THINK THAT THE 
THOUGHT IS THAT THERE ARE ABOUT

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7 TRILLION, WHICH WOULD BE 
7,000 BILLION.

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THAT IS A LOT.

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>> LAURA WOULD LIKE TO KNOW, 
HOW DOES YOUR BRAIN HOLD SO

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MUCH KNOWLEDGE?

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>> WELL, IF YOU THINK ABOUT IT, 
THE BRAIN IS -- THE BRAIN IS SO

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LARGE, IT HAS A LOT OF STORAGE 
SPACE IN IT.

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AND WHEN YOU ARE BORN, THERE IS 
ALMOST NOTHING THERE, SO YOU

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GET TO START LAYING DOWN 
MEMORIES AND FORMING MEMORIES

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AND THEN AS YOU GET OLDER, IT 
DOES GET A LITTLE HARDER TO

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LEARN NEW MATERIAL.

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BUT YOU ARE BORN WITH AN AWFUL 
LOT OF STORAGE SPACE.

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>> HI, MY NAME IS SOPHIE.

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MY QUESTION IS WHAT ARE THE 
NERVES MADE OUT OF?

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>> SOPHIE NERVES ARE MADE OF 
AXONS, LIKE THE WIRE IN AN

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ELECTRICAL CORD.

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THERE IS AN AXON OR A WIRE, 
THAT TRANSMITS THE ELECTRICITY.

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AND THAT WIRE IS COVERED WITH A 
COATING CALLED A MYELIN SHEATH

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WHICH PROTECTS IT BUT ALSO 
KEEPS THE ELECTRICITY TRAVELING

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ALONG THAT WIRE OR AXON AS 
OPPOSED TO LEAKING OUT.

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SO, THEY'RE VERY, VERY SIMILAR 
TO ELECTRICAL CORDS.

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>> MY NAME IS VICTOR.

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I WANT TO KNOW WHAT DO THE TWO 
SIDES OF THE BRAIN DO?

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>> VICTOR, MOST PEOPLE, LEFT 
SIDE OF THE BRAIN IS WHERE YOUR

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SPEECH CENTER IS, WHERE YOU -- 
IT IS FOR SPEAKING AND

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UNDERSTANDING.

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AND ALSO MOST PEOPLE, THE RIGHT 
SIDE OF THE BRAIN IS WHERE

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THINGS ARE.

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SO, IF IT DOESN'T WORK, YOU GET 
LOST.

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>> WOULD LIKE TO KNOW CAN 
NERVES AFFECT YOUR HEART?

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>> THEY CAN.

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THERE ARE -- THERE ARE NERVES 
THAT SLOW DOWN THE HEART AND

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THERE ARE NERVES THAT SPEED UP 
THE HEART.

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AND IF YOU'RE ANXIOUS, THEN 
YOUR HEART WILL SPEED UP

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BECAUSE THAT SET OF NERVES WILL 
TAKE DOMINANCE.

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>> HI, MY -- I WANT TO KNOW, 
WHAT HAPPENS TO YOUR SPINAL

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CORD WHEN YOU EAT AND DRINK?

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>> WELL, WHEN YOU EAT AND 
DRINK, THEN YOU PUT -- YOU HAVE

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FOOD AND YOU'VE GOT LIQUID IN 
YOUR STOMACH AND THE STOMACH

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SENDS A SIGNAL TO THE HEAD OR 
TO THE BRAIN AND THEN THE BRAIN

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SENDS SIGNIFICANT UNTILS DOWN 
AND REROUTES BLOOD SUPPLY.

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YOU SEND BLOOD TO YOUR STOMACH 
TO SMOOSH UP THE FOOD AND

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DIGEST IT AND YOU SHUNT BLOOD 
AWAY FROM THE MUSCLES, WHICH IS

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WHY YOU WOULD SUPPOSABLY GET A 
CRAMP IF YOU WENT SWIMMING

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AFTER YOU ATE.

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IT IS TO ROUTE THE BLOOD WHERE 
IT IS SUPPOSED TO GO.

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NERVOUS SYSTEM IS INVOLVED IN 
THAT.

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IN BABIES, YOU FEED THEM, 
DILATE THEIR STOMACHS, THEY

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EMPTY THE OTHER END AND THE 
SPINAL CORD AND BRAIN ALL

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INVOLVED IN THAT.

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>> HOW DOES YOUR BRAIN CONTROL 
YOUR BODY?

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>> PROBABLY THERE ARE A LOT OF 
DIFFERENT ANSWERS TO THAT.

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BUT ESSENTIALLY HOW IT WOULD 
WORK, IF YOU WANTED TO MOVE

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YOUR FINGER, YOU WOULD THINK 
THE THOUGHT AND THEN THE

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THOUGHT WOULD BE TRANSMITTED 
DOWN IN AXON OR NERVE TO THE

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SPINAL CORD, AND THEN IN THE 
SPINAL CORD, IT WOULD SYNAPSE

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OR CONNECT WITH A NERVE THAT 
GOES OUT TO THE MUSCLE THAT

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THEN MAKES THE MUSCLE MOVE.

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SO IT IS SEVERAL DIFFERENT 
NERVES INVOLVED, THE THOUGHT

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TRANSMITS TO THE ELECTRICITY 
THAT THEN STIMULATES THE

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MUSCLE.

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>> MY QUESTION IS DO MY NERVES 
CREATE ENERGY?

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>> THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DOESN'T 
CREATE ENERGY.

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THERE ARE LITTLE -- SOME PEOPLE 
ARE MORE ENERGETIC BECAUSE OF

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THE WAY THEIR BRAINS ARE WIRED.

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>> DOCTOR, WE HAVE RUN OUT OF 
TIME.

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THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE.

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WE APPRECIATE YOU JOINING US.

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>> YOU ARE VERY WELCOME.

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>> THANK YOU TO THE FOLKS -- IF 
YOU WANT TO LEARN MORE ABOUT

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THE NERVOUS SYSTEM, CHECK OUT 
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AREA ON THE

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D4K WEB SITE, FACTS, LINKS, 
GAMES, NERVOUS SYSTEM BROADCAST

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SHOW AND LOTS MORE.

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CHECK OUT THE BLOG FOR THE 
LATEST SCIENCE NEWS FOR KIDS.

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THANK YOU FOR JOINING US FOR