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>>> HI, I'M JOAN CARTAN-HANSEN.

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WELCOME TO "SCIENCE TREK: THE 
WEB SHOW."

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WE'RE HERE AT THE BOISE ART 
MUSEUM WHERE ARTISTS ARE

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SHOWING WHAT THEY THINK LIVING 
ON MARS MIGHT BE LIKE.

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BUT IF YOU HAVE A QUESTION 
ABOUT MARS, MY GUESTS HAVE THE

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ANSWER.

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AND JOINING ME ARE TWO 
ENGINEERS FROM NASA'S JET

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PROPULSION LABORATORY: MATTHEW 
HEVERLY AND TODD BARBER.

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THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE.

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OKAY, LET'S GO TO YOUR 
QUESTIONS.

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>>> HI, MY NAME IS JOHN.

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MY QUESTION IS HOW MANY MARS 
ROVERS HAVE LANDED?

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>> IT'S A GREAT QUESTION.

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THERE'S BEEN FOUR ROVERS THAT 
HAVE DRIVEN AROUND ON THE

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SURFACE OF MARS.

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WE HAD SOJOURNER, THE FIRST 
ROVER, IT WAS SMALL ABOUT THE

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SUMMARIZE OF A MICROWAVE OVEN, 
AND THEN WE HAD THE TWO TWIN

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ROVERS FROM THE MARS 
EXPLORATION PROGRAM, SPIRIT AND

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OPPORTUNITY AND OUR LATEST 
ROVER TO LAND IS CURIOSITY,

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PART OF THE MARS SCIENCE 
LABORATORY MISSION.

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>> HI, MY NAME IS LUKE.

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MY QUESTION IS WHY IS MARS RED?

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>> HI, LUKE THAT'S A GREAT 
QUESTION.

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MARS IS RED ESSENTIALLY BECAUSE 
IT'S A GIANT RUST BALL.

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IRON OXIDE IS JUST LIKE ON 
EARTH WHEN OUR OLD CARS GET

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RUSTY, IT HAS A REDDISH TINT TO 
IT.

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THAT'S ESSENTIALLY THE REASON 
MARS LOOKS RED AND IT'S NOT

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EVEN UP CLOSE.

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IF YOU LOOK AT MARS IN THE 
NIGHT SKY, YOU CAN SEE IT'S

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KIND OF REDDISH AND THE 
ANCIENTS KNEW THIS.

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>>> HI, MY NAME IS ZACK AND MY 
QUESTION IS WHAT IS THE

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TEMPERATURE ON THE PLANET OF 
MARS?

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>> ONE OF THE GREAT THINGS 
ABOUT THE CURIOSITY ROVER IS IT

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ACTUALLY HAS A WEATHER STATION 
ON IT.

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AND IT ACTUALLY SENDS US TWEETS 
EVERY DAY THAT TELLS US THE

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WEATHER ON MARS.

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SO TODAY, IT'S 357, THE 357th 
MARS DAY SINCE THE ROVER LANDED

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ON THE SURFACE.

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IT'S SUNNY, THE HIGH 
TEMPERATURE TODAY WAS MINUS

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SEVEN DEGREES CELSIUS.

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THE LOW WAS MINUS 76.

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AND THE WINDS WERE SLIGHTLY OUT 
OF THE SOUTHWEST.

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>> HI, MY NAME IS TAYLOR.

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MY QUESTION IS HOW BIG IS MARS?

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>> THE QUICK ANSWER IS MARS IS 
ABOUT HALF THE SIZE OF EARTH IN

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DIAMETER.

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SO IF EARTH IS ROUGHLY 
8,000 MILES ACROSS, THAT WOULD

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PUT MARS AT 4,000 MILES.

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INTERESTINGLY ENOUGH SINCE 
THERE'S NO WATER ON MARS,

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THERE'S ACTUALLY AS MUCH 
SURFACE AREA ON MARS, LAND

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AREA, AS THERE IS ON EARTH 
SINCE EARTH IS THREE QUARTERS

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COVERED WITH OCEAN.

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SO THERE'S ACTUALLY AS MUCH 
LAND TO EXPLORE ON THE RED

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PLANET AS THERE IS ON THE BLUE 
PLANET.

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>> HI, MY NAME IS LAUREN.

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MY QUESTION IS WAS THERE LIFE 
ON MARS?

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>> THAT'S AN EXCELLENT QUESTION 
AND THE BOTTOM LINE IS WE

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REALLY DON'T KNOW THE ANSWER 
YET BUT THAT DRIVES ALL OF OUR

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SCIENTIFIC CURIOSITY AND WHY WE 
DO THE MISSIONS THAT WE DO.

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MARS WAS A WARMER AND WETTER 
PLACE BILLIONS OF YEARS AGO.

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WE HAVE GOOD EVIDENCE NOW THAT 
LIQUID WATER FLOWS ON THE

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SURFACE AND MAYBE EVEN POOLED 
THERE.

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SO MAYBE ONE QUESTION IS WHY 
DID THE WATER DISAPPEAR?

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WE KNOW ON EARTH THAT VERY 
EARLY IN EARTH'S HISTORY,

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BILLIONS OF YEARS AGO, LIFE 
STARTED REALLY AS SOON AS

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LIQUID WATER WAS AROUND.

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SO WHY WOULDN'T IT HAVE STARTED 
ON MARS?

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WE'RE TALKING MOSTLY ABOUT 
SINGLE-CELLED LITTLE ORGANISMS,

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MICROORGANISMS BUT IT SEEMS 
THAT MARS WAS AS INVITING A

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PLACE OR EVEN BETTER THAN THE 
EARTH FOR EARLY LIFE TO START

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AND THAT'S WHY WE DO THESE 
MISSIONS OF DISCOVERY.

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>> HI, MY NAME IS KATIE.

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MY QUESTION IS HOW LONG HAS 
MARS ROVER BEEN ON MARS?

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>> THE FIRST ROVER THAT WE SENT 
TO MARS IT WAS SOJOURNER ROVER

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PART OF THE PATH-FINDER MISSION 
WHICH LANDED JULY 4th OF

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1997.

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WE HAD LANDED THE VIKING 
LANDERS WHICH LANDED BUT

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COULDN'T DRIVE AROUND BACK IN 
THE '70s BUT THE SOJOURNER

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ROVER IN '94 IT WAS FIRST 
WHEELS DOWN DRIVING AROUND ON

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THE SURFACE OF MARS AND IT WAS 
ABLE TO EXPLORE THE PLANET FOR

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ABOUT THREE MONTHS UNTIL ITS 
MISSION ENDED.

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>> HELLO, I AM JESSE.

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HAS ANYONE EVER SET FOOT ON 
MARS?

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>> SOMEONE IN YOUR GENERATION 
WILL ACTUALLY PUT DOWN THAT

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FIRST MARTIAN DUSTY FOOTPRINT 
AND BOY, AM I JEALOUS!

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BUT SO FAR, NO HUMANS HAVE BEEN 
TO ANY OTHER PLANETARY BODY

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OTHER THAN THE MOON, WHICH IS A 
MERE QUARTER MILLION MILES AWAY

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INSTEAD OF THE TENS OR HUNDREDS 
OF MILLIONS OF MILES AWAY THAT

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MARS IS.

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NASA HOPES TO GET ASTRONAUTS 
THERE AS EARLY AS THE 2030s,

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SO DEFINITELY WITHIN YOUR 
LIFETIME.

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>> HI, MY NAME IS SARAH.

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MY QUESTION IS IS MARS THE MOST 
INTERESTING PLANET BESIDES

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EARTH?

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>> I THINK MARS IS THE MOST 
INTERESTING PLANET OTHER THAN

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EARTH BECAUSE THAT'S REALLY 
WHERE I GET TO GO TO WORK EVERY

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DAY.

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I GET TO DRIVE THE CURIOSITY 
ROVER ON THE SURFACE OF MARS.

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SO I WAKE UP IN THE MORNING AND 
I DRIVE HERE ON EARTH INTO

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WORK, AND THEN I START LOOKING 
AT PICTURES OF MARS AND I

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REALLY GET A SENSE THAT WE'RE 
THERE AND WE'RE DRIVING AROUND

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AND WE'RE EXPLORING AND FINDING 
NEW ROCKS AND NEW GEOLOGY AND

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MAKING ALL SORTS OF DISCOVERIES 
EVERY SINGLE DAY.

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SO BECAUSE I ACTUALLY KIND OF 
LIVE PART OF MY LIFE ON MARS, I

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THINK IT'S THE MOST INTERESTING 
PLANET.

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OTHER THAN THE ONE HERE.

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>> I'M SORRY WE'VE RUN OUT OF 
TIME.

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MY THANKS TO MATTHEW AND TODD 
FOR ANSWERING QUESTIONS

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AND MY THANKS TO THE FOLKS AT 
THE BOISE ART MUSEUM.

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IF YOU WANT TO LEARN MORE ABOUT 
MARS, CHECK OUT THE MARS AREA

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ON THE "SCIENCE TREK" WEBSITE.

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YOU'LL FIND FACTS, LINKS, 
GAMES, OUR MARS BROADCAST SHOW

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AND LOTS MORE.

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AND EVERY WEEK, CHECK OUT MY 
BLOG FOR THE LATEST SCIENCE

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NEWS FOR KIDS, ALL AT 
IDAHOPTV.ORG

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THANKS FOR JOINING US.

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NOW, GO OUT AND EXPLORE YOUR 
UNIVERSE!

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