WEBVTT

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(jaunty piano music)

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♪

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(narrator)
Since its inception in 1926,

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Route 66 has been an icon
of the American West

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and a defining element
of the American experience.

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♪

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From Chicago
to Los Angeles,

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the Mother Road
takes us on a journey

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from the East
to the American West,

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with its wide open skies
and a mix of different cultures.

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(woman)
Route 66 has opened
the gateway

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to a lot of opportunities.

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(woman)
You can still drive it.

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I'm like, "Oh, my gosh,
how cool is that?"

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-Where y'all from?
-Germany.

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(narrator)
International visitors come
by the tens of thousands,

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hungry for
an American experience.

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(lively music)

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(speaking in foreign language)

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♪

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(tour guide)
But the most famous person
of all...

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-Who?
-Me.

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(laughing)

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They grew up watching
American television.

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Route 66 with George Maharis,
Martin Milner.

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And they're all here
to see America of yesterday.

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(narrator)
Beloved television shows,

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like the Route 66 TV show,
and films like Easy Rider

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have celebrated the road
from a male perspective

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in which women are seldom
in the driver's seat.

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(mellow music)

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(Heidi)
We forgot that women
were on those journeys,

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we forgot that women
were working all along the way

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in those businesses.

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(narrator)
Despite its moniker,
The Mother Road,

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little attention has been paid
to diverse women's experiences

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across many different cultures
and almost 100 years of history.

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♪

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(woman)
When I first got to the motel

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and they were
having a convention,

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and they said, "Well, no,
a woman doesn't come.

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There's no women."

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And so they put this man
beside me.

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I don't know who he is.

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But they just said,
"Well, no, you just--

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just has to be a man
with you."

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It's a mirror
held up to the nation.

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A road that can be, really,
a living classroom.

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(woman)
She was entrepreneurial,
she was very business oriented,

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and she allowed us to live
a very comfortable life.

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(narrator)
From archeologists
to politicians,

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and countless entrepreneurs,

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women overcame segregation
and gender discrimination

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to build fulfilling lives
for themselves

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and generations to come
on America's most beloved road.

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This is their story.

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(traffic humming)

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So the story
of the American West

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has been told
as a story of mobile man.

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(twangy banjo music)

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The man on horseback,

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the cowboy riding off
onto the prairie,

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the Pony Express rider,

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the stage driver,
the railroad engineer.

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You can name
any kind of stereotype

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of man conquering the West,
and it's a man in motion.

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♪

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(Heidi)
Women who were traveling,

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and they were always
at a very strong disadvantage

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because they were
at the mercy of men.

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They might be propositioned,
there would be rough language.

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These were not
comfortable situations

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for a proper woman
to be in.

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And so when the automobile
came out,

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these women said, "Wow,
I would rather go by car

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because that offers me
privacy, safety,"

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from the hubbub around them.

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(narrator)
Women were eager
from the start

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to tackle the challenge
of driving automobiles.

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Controlling one's mobility
was a step towards liberation.

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(soft piano music)

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♪

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(Virginia)
There were a lot of women
driving around in the Southwest,

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and I think of somebody like
the Home Extension agent

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Fabiola Cabeza de Baca.

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And Fabiola would have been
traveling on Route 66.

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The United States Government
wanted to help homemakers

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perform their work
more efficiently,

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so they started a kind
of Home Extension movement.

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And the idea was our educated
professional specialists

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will help
the average housewife

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have a happier, healthier,
more productive life.

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So she joined the
Home Extension service in 1929,

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but she did not know
how to drive

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when she decided
to do that.

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She was told, "You are
gonna be out on the road

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driving throughout
Northern New Mexico,"

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an enormous territory,

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until 1932 when her car
was hit by a train.

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(train whistle)

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(train chugging)

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She was injured so badly

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that she had to have
a leg amputated.

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And it was--seemed as if
she would not recover from this

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and would not be able
to resume her profession.

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But after two years
of recovery,

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she just got another car

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that was fitted out
specially for her

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and went back on the road
with a wooden leg

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and had another career
for another 25 years

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in the Home Extension Service
all over New Mexico,

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doing her work
in both English and Spanish,

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learning some Tewa and Towa,

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so that she could work
with women in pueblos.

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(Tomas)
And she wrote these
two or three cookbooks.

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She, I think, was very
influential in New Mexico

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to document
Hispanic cooking styles

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and also to preserve
the history

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of Hispana cooking
in New Mexico.

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(Virginia)
So the first real
mass-market automobile

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was Henry Ford's Model T,
of course.

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And Henry Ford
did not think

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that women were gonna be
the drivers of this car.

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He saw this
as the family car for America,

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but it was Dad who was gonna be
driving this thing.

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Mom would be a passenger,

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because Mom,
if Mom was gonna drive,

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he'd have to put all kinds
of frills on this car,

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things like
an automatic starter

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instead of a crank on it.

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At one point,
when General Motors

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began to manufacture cars
in a variety of colors,

06:26.566 --> 06:28.000 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:37.5%
and the Model T
was still black,

06:28.100 --> 06:30.666 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:47.5%
and he said, "Yeah,
you can have any color you want,

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as long as it's black."

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And then they said, "Well, why
are you only making a black car?

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Why don't you make cars
in colors?"

06:36.700 --> 06:39.166 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
And he said, "Well, I'm not
in the millinery business."

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(twangy banjo music)

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(narrator)
The first cars marketed to women
were electric cars.

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Battery, longevity,
and miles between charges

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were issues, however.

06:50.500 --> 06:53.233 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
And so women had to prove
they were up for the challenge

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of not only driving
but also fixing

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the messier and less
easy-to-handle gas automobile.

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(water splashes)

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♪

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(Virginia)
Early road trips
that women took,

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they liked to take pictures
of themselves

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when they came into
really difficult circumstances.

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Women wanted to prove

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that they could go
on long distance drives,

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that they could drive
gasoline cars

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that were tough and dirty
and heavy to drive

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and had to be cranked.

07:21.666 --> 07:25.100 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:55%
So there was a kind of
"I can do this" mentality

07:25.200 --> 07:27.200 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:32.5%
about driving
at that time.

07:27.300 --> 07:31.333 align:start position:12.5% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
After women heroically drove
ambulances during World War I,

07:31.433 --> 07:34.000 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:30%
it was clear
women could drive well,

07:34.100 --> 07:36.466 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
even under extreme conditions.

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Women participated
in the Good Roads Movement,

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which culminated
in the creation

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of a National Highway System
in 1926.

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(soft piano music)

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Politicians, boosters,
and businessmen

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all scrambled to get
their piece of the pie,

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including Cyrus Avery,
the father of Route 66.

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(Sean)
Cyrus Avery
really produced a road

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that I think has been
enduring and important

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in American history.

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This is a diagonal road.

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It's an even number road,

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which means it's east to west,

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but it's going north and south
at the same time.

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He represented
a modern economic examination

08:18.933 --> 08:22.800 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:65%
of what a highway could do
or transportation route could do

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to some of the poorest counties
in the United States.

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(Glenda)
Claim to fame for Springfield
is the birthplace of Route 66

08:30.366 --> 08:33.166 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5%
because that is where
the group met

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and sent the telegram in

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that they would accept
the 66 designation.

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And it came from Springfield.

08:42.233 --> 08:44.433 align:start position:12.5% line:74% size:17.5%
(woman)
And you want this sent as
a regular telegram, of course.

08:44.533 --> 08:46.733 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:12.5%
(man)
Oh, sure, this is news.

08:46.833 --> 08:50.233 align:start position:20% line:74% size:17.5%
(Heidi)
And the roads
were horrible, unpaved,

08:50.333 --> 08:52.000 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:42.5%
and especially in
mountainous regions

08:52.100 --> 08:55.800 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
where there was lots
of rain and snow,

08:55.900 --> 08:58.533 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
like Northern Arizona,
Northern New Mexico.

08:58.633 --> 09:01.133 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
Those roads were impossible
to travel.

09:01.233 --> 09:02.533 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
And in the winter months,

09:02.633 --> 09:04.166 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
they would be washed out
completely.

09:04.266 --> 09:07.533 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
And places like Route 66
would just close down

09:07.633 --> 09:10.200 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:50%
in the winter months
in the northern regions.

09:10.300 --> 09:15.600 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:72.5%
So, there were a lot of women
who ran for office in the West.

09:15.700 --> 09:17.200 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
They often sat on committees

09:17.300 --> 09:19.366 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
that you would normally
expect women to be on.

09:19.466 --> 09:22.766 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:60%
Oh, education committees
and child welfare committees.

09:22.866 --> 09:26.333 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:50%
But they also sat on
good roads committees.

09:26.433 --> 09:29.866 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:55%
And when they went in,
they wanted budgets for roads.

09:29.966 --> 09:32.200 align:start position:25% line:10% size:32.5%
To pave them,
to improve signage,

09:32.300 --> 09:34.333 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5%
so that traveling was safe.

09:34.433 --> 09:38.000 align:start position:10% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
Despite being told she couldn't
win because of her gender,

09:38.100 --> 09:41.766 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
Isabella Greenway
paved the way on Route 66

09:41.866 --> 09:44.500 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:42.5%
and brought women
to the political forefront.

09:44.600 --> 09:47.333 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:17.5%
(Heidi)
She was from elite society,

09:47.433 --> 09:51.033 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:45%
but she'd grown up
in ranching conditions.

09:51.133 --> 09:54.400 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:57.5%
When she made her debut
to society in New York City,

09:54.500 --> 09:57.666 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
she became close friends,
lifelong friends,

09:57.766 --> 09:59.400 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
with Eleanor Roosevelt.

09:59.500 --> 10:01.533 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
These two women had,
very early on,

10:01.633 --> 10:03.200 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
strong political instincts,

10:03.300 --> 10:05.633 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
and Isabella ended up
coming out West

10:05.733 --> 10:06.900 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
because her husband,

10:07.000 --> 10:08.900 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:47.5%
like so many people
who had came West,

10:09.000 --> 10:10.533 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:42.5%
had tuberculosis.

10:10.633 --> 10:13.833 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:42.5%
And when he died,
she married his close friend,

10:13.933 --> 10:16.933 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:35%
John Greenway,
and moved to Arizona.

10:17.033 --> 10:19.300 align:start position:25% line:10% size:40%
And got involved
in veterans affairs,

10:19.400 --> 10:20.566 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
'cause he was a veteran,

10:20.666 --> 10:23.333 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
and also involved
with politics

10:23.433 --> 10:26.000 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:55%
'cause he was involved
with the progressive party.

10:26.100 --> 10:31.333 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:60%
When he died, she bought
a ranch outside of Williams,

10:31.433 --> 10:33.966 align:start position:25% line:10% size:37.5%
and she used it
as a summer retreat,

10:34.066 --> 10:35.633 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5%
but she did entertain guests,

10:35.733 --> 10:39.266 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
like her close friends,
dignitaries, state officials,

10:39.366 --> 10:41.433 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:27.5%
and Eleanor
and Franklin Roosevelt.

10:41.533 --> 10:42.700 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
She brought 'em here
during the--

10:42.800 --> 10:46.166 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:42.5%
through the state
on a whistle-stop tour,

10:46.266 --> 10:49.333 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
and she entertained them
at her beautiful spread

10:49.433 --> 10:53.633 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:40%
on 110,000 acres
outside of Williams.

10:53.733 --> 10:56.033 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
When she was done with that,

10:56.133 --> 10:58.366 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
her name was sort of
a household name

10:58.466 --> 10:59.800 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:40%
here in Arizona.

10:59.900 --> 11:01.733 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
She ran for public office,

11:01.833 --> 11:03.633 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:52.5%
she ran for Congress,

11:03.733 --> 11:04.966 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
and she was the first female

11:05.066 --> 11:07.166 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
to represent Arizona
in Congress,

11:07.266 --> 11:10.433 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
elected in 1933
in a special election

11:10.533 --> 11:12.533 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
with over 70% of the vote.

11:12.633 --> 11:14.433 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
Tells you how popular she was.

11:14.533 --> 11:17.566 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
She had sort of a mandate
when she went to Congress,

11:17.666 --> 11:20.266 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:65%
and she had several issues
that were important to her,

11:20.366 --> 11:23.300 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:40%
veterans affairs
but also good roads.

11:23.400 --> 11:25.100 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
She worked very hard
in Congress

11:25.200 --> 11:27.166 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
to get a great budget passed

11:27.266 --> 11:30.233 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:42.5%
that gave funding
to finally pave Route 66

11:30.333 --> 11:31.733 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:42.5%
in the late '30s,

11:31.833 --> 11:34.100 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
and it really improved
transportation

11:34.200 --> 11:35.733 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
in this part of the country.

11:35.833 --> 11:37.733 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
(lively piano music)

11:37.833 --> 11:39.300 align:start position:87.5% line:10% size:2.5%
♪

11:39.400 --> 11:44.900 align:start position:17.5% line:74% size:20%
(Joline)
My father was working on
Route 66 on the road crew,

11:45.000 --> 11:47.600 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
I presume with machines.

11:47.700 --> 11:52.600 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:77.5%
And they went through Halltown,
where my mother lived,

11:52.700 --> 11:55.666 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:32.5%
and they met,
I don't know how,

11:55.766 --> 11:59.500 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
and fell in love
and got married.

11:59.600 --> 12:01.833 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
Daddy started accepting jobs

12:01.933 --> 12:04.800 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:42.5%
that promoted him
a little bit each time,

12:04.900 --> 12:07.266 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:30%
and we moved
to Miami, Oklahoma,

12:07.366 --> 12:08.966 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
when I was in fourth grade.

12:09.066 --> 12:13.866 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
Daddy had his own
Texaco account.

12:13.966 --> 12:18.300 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
It was--became the second
largest Texaco station

12:18.400 --> 12:20.166 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:52.5%
in the United States.

12:20.266 --> 12:25.566 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5%
It must have been an incredible
and emotional rollercoaster ride

12:25.666 --> 12:26.800 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5%
living on the road.

12:26.900 --> 12:29.766 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:77.5%
For a family running businesses
along Route 66,

12:29.866 --> 12:32.200 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
especially in the rural areas,

12:32.300 --> 12:34.100 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
all family members
played a role.

12:34.200 --> 12:37.533 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:45%
For example, wives
or girlfriends or spouses

12:37.633 --> 12:40.933 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
played a role in pumping gas
or taking money

12:41.033 --> 12:44.866 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
-or working in the kitchen.
-They didn't always

12:44.966 --> 12:46.900 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:27.5%
get counted
in the census

12:47.000 --> 12:50.000 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
because working women
who were married

12:50.100 --> 12:52.200 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
often were not counted
that way

12:52.300 --> 12:54.033 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
because they were not
the primary breadwinners.

12:54.133 --> 12:57.233 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:65%
Only primary breadwinners,
their husbands, were counted.

12:57.333 --> 12:58.500 align:start position:30% line:10% size:40%
We would come in
and she'd have

12:58.600 --> 13:02.900 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65%
black and white Oxfords on
and her plaid shirt.

13:03.000 --> 13:04.233 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:20%
(Joline)
Mother was out there.

13:04.333 --> 13:07.733 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
She would fix breakfast
for whoever's at home

13:07.833 --> 13:10.833 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
and then run out to the garage
and open it up.

13:10.933 --> 13:14.300 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:50%
She put gas in cars,
washed the windshields,

13:14.400 --> 13:16.433 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
do all the things
that they used to do.

13:16.533 --> 13:20.066 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:22.5%
We bought
the new 1936 Chevrolet.

13:20.166 --> 13:21.833 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
I was eight years old.

13:21.933 --> 13:24.366 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
And my brother was six.

13:24.466 --> 13:27.866 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
And she came to get us
at school.

13:27.966 --> 13:29.900 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:47.5%
We were going home.

13:30.000 --> 13:33.833 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
And she turned the motor on
and we hopped.

13:33.933 --> 13:37.100 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:35%
She didn't put
the clutch in right, I think.

13:37.200 --> 13:39.533 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
And so we did that
four or five times

13:39.633 --> 13:41.333 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
till we got to the corner,

13:41.433 --> 13:45.000 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
and then she pulled down
on the gear shift.

13:45.100 --> 13:47.933 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
We went around the corner
on two wheels.

13:48.033 --> 13:52.666 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
And she grabbed the knob
off the gear shift

13:52.766 --> 13:57.933 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5%
and a team of horses in a wagon
came out of the alley

13:58.033 --> 14:01.033 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:42.5%
across the street
from where we were.

14:01.133 --> 14:06.166 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
And she managed
to avoid them somehow.

14:06.266 --> 14:10.400 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:35%
And we roared,
in first gear I'm sure,

14:10.500 --> 14:13.166 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:42.5%
all the way home,
which was not very far.

14:13.266 --> 14:15.933 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:32.5%
And she said,
"I'm never driving again."

14:16.033 --> 14:17.533 align:start position:25% line:10% size:40%
-And she didn't.
-And she never did.

14:17.633 --> 14:19.566 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55%
She never drove again.

14:19.666 --> 14:22.933 align:start position:10% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
Despite some women's ambivalence
to the horseless carriage,

14:23.033 --> 14:25.000 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
with few opportunities
at home,

14:25.100 --> 14:28.766 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
women embraced the automobile
when love or necessity

14:28.866 --> 14:32.066 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35%
forced them to
on Route 66.

14:32.166 --> 14:39.000 align:start position:20% line:74% size:17.5%
(Keiko)
My grandmother came here
around 1917 from Japan.

14:39.100 --> 14:42.200 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
I understand it was a dispute
with her parents,

14:42.300 --> 14:45.966 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
and she decided
to become a picture bride,

14:46.066 --> 14:48.466 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:45%
exchange pictures,
and she found a match

14:48.566 --> 14:50.000 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
with my grandfather.

14:50.100 --> 14:51.900 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
She was very independent.

14:52.000 --> 14:54.133 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
She was really a character.

14:54.233 --> 14:59.100 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:17.5%
(Susie)
So here are the--
Yutaro and Naka.

14:59.200 --> 15:02.133 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35%
-That's right.
-Uyeda.

15:02.233 --> 15:06.133 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
-In the Western clothing, huh?
-Right, yes.

15:06.233 --> 15:08.100 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:35%
My grandfather
came here first

15:08.200 --> 15:11.800 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
at the turn of the century,
early 1900s,

15:11.900 --> 15:13.766 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
via Hawaii from Japan.

15:13.866 --> 15:18.966 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:80%
He worked on the railroads there
and some field work,

15:19.066 --> 15:21.966 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:37.5%
and then he had
the opportunity to come here

15:22.066 --> 15:23.900 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:32.5%
to California
and Los Angeles

15:24.000 --> 15:26.866 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:25%
to work on
the railroad tracks.

15:26.966 --> 15:31.966 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:80%
And so, when the railroad tracks
stopped at Monrovia,

15:32.066 --> 15:35.000 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
that's where he settled
and he loved it here.

15:35.100 --> 15:38.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
But Monrovia, as--

15:38.566 --> 15:41.866 align:start position:25% line:10% size:45%
for a Japanese man
or Japanese family,

15:41.966 --> 15:43.766 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55%
there weren't any jobs
available.

15:43.866 --> 15:45.800 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
And from what I understand,

15:45.900 --> 15:48.500 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
there were jobs
but not for Japanese.

15:48.600 --> 15:50.633 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:32.5%
They were not
American citizens,

15:50.733 --> 15:53.033 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
and so they could not
own property.

15:53.133 --> 15:55.433 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
So my grandfather
bought property

15:55.533 --> 15:57.266 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
in the name of my uncle,

15:57.366 --> 16:00.466 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:62.5%
because he was born here,
he was an American citizen.

16:00.566 --> 16:01.866 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:35%
(mellow music)

16:01.966 --> 16:03.533 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
Then he went into farming,

16:03.633 --> 16:07.166 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
and he became very prosperous
here and well-known,

16:07.266 --> 16:10.766 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:45%
farming the fields
behind the property

16:10.866 --> 16:13.700 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:40%
and also looking
for empty properties

16:13.800 --> 16:17.300 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:42.5%
for him to garden
and grow his crops.

16:17.400 --> 16:20.133 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:35%
My grandmother
and my mother and aunt

16:20.233 --> 16:24.400 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:37.5%
sold the fruits
and primarily strawberries.

16:24.500 --> 16:27.666 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:35%
My grandmother
did not work the crops.

16:27.766 --> 16:31.366 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:47.5%
From the beginning,
she took care of the money.

16:31.466 --> 16:33.133 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
She was--didn't like it here

16:33.233 --> 16:34.833 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:40%
and was planning
to go back to Japan,

16:34.933 --> 16:37.900 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
so my grandfather
didn't know

16:38.000 --> 16:43.233 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
about her sending money back
there for her future needs.

16:43.333 --> 16:45.500 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:77.5%
I think it was about five cents
or a few pennies

16:45.600 --> 16:48.100 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
for a whole flat
of strawberries.

16:48.200 --> 16:50.900 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:45%
So my grandfather,
in marketing, what he'd do,

16:51.000 --> 16:54.633 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:45%
he'd put the flats
of strawberries along Route 66.

16:54.733 --> 16:59.333 align:start position:20% line:74% size:17.5%
(Susie)
And it says in the back,
"First car."

16:59.433 --> 17:04.233 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
-The family now had a car.
-Car, mm-hm. Yes.

17:04.333 --> 17:06.600 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:42.5%
Look at that car.

17:06.700 --> 17:14.200 align:start position:15% line:10% size:17.5%
(Susie)
And this photograph of Isamu
says 1928.

17:14.300 --> 17:16.333 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
I think this was the one
that was prepared

17:16.433 --> 17:18.700 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
for his service or funeral.

17:18.800 --> 17:21.733 align:start position:15% line:74% size:17.5%
(Keiko)
Oh, 'cause my mother would
have been five at that time,

17:21.833 --> 17:24.133 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
and so he was four years--
about four years older,

17:24.233 --> 17:25.566 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:20%
so, yes.

17:25.666 --> 17:30.433 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:40%
My uncle, Isamu,
was nine when he was killed

17:30.533 --> 17:34.366 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
after he was kicked
by one of the big horses.

17:34.466 --> 17:35.566 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
They were playing on it.

17:35.666 --> 17:38.466 align:start position:20% line:10% size:22.5%
He was at
the Children's Hospital

17:38.566 --> 17:39.866 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5%
because he survived for--

17:39.966 --> 17:42.400 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
I guess for several months
after.

17:42.500 --> 17:49.966 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:65%
My grandmother visited him
in the hospital almost daily.

17:50.066 --> 17:52.233 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
I never saw her drive
ever in my life,

17:52.333 --> 17:54.433 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35%
but evidently,
at that time,

17:54.533 --> 17:59.533 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
she did drive the car
into Los Angeles

17:59.633 --> 18:03.333 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:32.5%
down Route 66
to visit him.

18:03.433 --> 18:06.366 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:57.5%
I don't think she would
have had a driver's license.

18:06.466 --> 18:08.333 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
It was just a tragic accident,

18:08.433 --> 18:12.400 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
and the firstborn son
for both of 'em.

18:12.500 --> 18:15.400 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:77.5%
My mother was born on Route 66.

18:15.500 --> 18:19.233 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
My mother is second one from--

18:19.333 --> 18:21.833 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:17.5%
(Susie)
Second girl from the left.

18:21.933 --> 18:25.166 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
It's an incredible picture
that was captured

18:25.266 --> 18:28.000 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
of the Japanese-American
community in Monrovia.

18:28.100 --> 18:31.800 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
My mother lived
on Huntington Drive.

18:31.900 --> 18:36.466 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:55%
Monroe School was only
about three blocks away.

18:36.566 --> 18:39.200 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:50%
This is where I went
to elementary school,

18:39.300 --> 18:40.466 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
right in Monrovia.

18:40.566 --> 18:42.433 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
And when she was growing up,

18:42.533 --> 18:44.100 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:40%
from Huntington,

18:44.200 --> 18:48.300 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:40%
she was not able
to attend Monroe.

18:48.400 --> 18:51.566 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
They couldn't cross one street

18:51.666 --> 18:54.300 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
that was just three blocks
from them.

18:54.400 --> 18:56.366 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:25%
That's how
they were segregated.

18:56.466 --> 19:00.400 align:start position:17.5% line:74% size:22.5%
(Candacy)
44 out of the 89 counties
along Route 66

19:00.500 --> 19:02.466 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5%
were sundown towns.

19:02.566 --> 19:05.433 align:start position:15% line:10% size:42.5%
And sundown towns
were all-white communities.

19:05.533 --> 19:07.300 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5%
They were all-white on purpose.

19:07.400 --> 19:09.066 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
There were still,
at that time,

19:09.166 --> 19:11.966 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:77.5%
many gas stations that wouldn't
serve Black people.

19:12.066 --> 19:15.133 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
A lot of people traveled
with chauffeurs hats,

19:15.233 --> 19:17.600 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:35%
especially for
the middle class Black drivers

19:17.700 --> 19:19.300 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:47.5%
who had nicer cars,

19:19.400 --> 19:20.900 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
so if they got pulled over,

19:21.000 --> 19:23.733 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
they--that was the story
that they would tell

19:23.833 --> 19:25.300 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
the police officer is that,
you know,

19:25.400 --> 19:28.433 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:47.5%
"This isn't my car,
this is my employer's car."

19:28.533 --> 19:30.033 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:32.5%
And he'd ask,
"Well, where's your hat?"

19:30.133 --> 19:32.300 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
And they'd have
the chauffer's hat there.

19:32.400 --> 19:34.300 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
Those were the things
that they had to do

19:34.400 --> 19:36.933 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:40%
to travel safely
across the country.

19:37.033 --> 19:40.833 align:start position:15% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
Segregation was the law
during the era of Jim Crow.

19:40.933 --> 19:42.366 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
Life and travel opportunities

19:42.466 --> 19:45.566 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
were not the same
for all Americans.

19:45.666 --> 19:48.333 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
But some women entrepreneurs
found their niche

19:48.433 --> 19:53.000 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:67.5%
serving those who would not
otherwise be served on Route 66.

19:53.100 --> 19:58.066 align:start position:17.5% line:74% size:12.5%
(Irv)
Alberta Ellis,
Northcutt Ellis, properly,

19:58.166 --> 19:59.433 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:47.5%
was my grandmother,

19:59.533 --> 20:03.066 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
and she was a business woman
in Springfield, Missouri,

20:03.166 --> 20:06.333 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
and she--originally,
she worked as a--

20:06.433 --> 20:08.900 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
at the Bell Telephone Company
there.

20:09.000 --> 20:11.966 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
And she was very resourceful.

20:12.066 --> 20:13.866 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
I'm sorry, the line is busy.

20:13.966 --> 20:15.233 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
I'll keep trying and call you.

20:15.333 --> 20:18.833 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:12.5%
(Irv)
And she saw a need
for travelers on the road,

20:18.933 --> 20:20.466 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5%
African-American travelers.

20:20.566 --> 20:22.933 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:50%
The law at that time
said that there was segregation,

20:23.033 --> 20:24.766 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
so that the African Americans

20:24.866 --> 20:26.433 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:32.5%
couldn't stay
in the white hotels,

20:26.533 --> 20:28.566 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
like the Kentwood Arms
or the Colonial

20:28.666 --> 20:31.233 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
or places of that sort
back in those days,

20:31.333 --> 20:34.766 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5%
but they were allowed
to stay at Alberta's.

20:34.866 --> 20:38.033 align:start position:15% line:10% size:62.5%
Within the hotel, she had
other businesses, of course.

20:38.133 --> 20:39.400 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
She hired local people

20:39.500 --> 20:41.900 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:47.5%
or she allowed them
to rent space.

20:42.000 --> 20:44.900 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
So you had a beauty shop,
a barber shop.

20:45.000 --> 20:46.533 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
She had a rumpus room.

20:46.633 --> 20:50.100 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:70%
You know, so there was quite
a complex for African Americans,

20:50.200 --> 20:52.966 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:60%
and it became well-known
and travelers came there.

20:53.066 --> 20:55.066 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
Alberta's Hotel
was in the Green Book.

20:55.166 --> 20:56.500 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:22.5%
(Candacy)
The Negro Motorist Green Book

20:56.600 --> 20:59.366 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:27.5%
was created
by Victor H. Green.

20:59.466 --> 21:01.866 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
And he was a postal worker
from Harlem.

21:01.966 --> 21:04.233 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
And he was a Black man.

21:04.333 --> 21:08.366 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
And he saw that even in,
you know, in the 1930s,

21:08.466 --> 21:10.466 align:start position:25% line:10% size:27.5%
even though
he was in New York,

21:10.566 --> 21:14.033 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:50%
there was incredible
racial discrimination.

21:14.133 --> 21:16.433 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
It was like a AAA
for Black people.

21:16.533 --> 21:18.833 align:start position:17.5% line:74% size:12.5%
(Irv)
When someone comes to town
like Ray Charles,

21:18.933 --> 21:20.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
he's not permitted
to stay in a place

21:20.666 --> 21:23.666 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75%
where he's going to entertain,
you know, people.

21:23.766 --> 21:26.133 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5%
He has to come, you know,
and stay at Alberta's.

21:26.233 --> 21:29.633 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
We have records of the people
who stayed at the hotel.

21:29.733 --> 21:32.833 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:40%
And some of them
you would recognize,

21:32.933 --> 21:35.933 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
like Roy Hamilton
and, you know,

21:36.033 --> 21:39.333 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:57.5%
names like Ray Charles,
the Globetrotters, you know,

21:39.433 --> 21:41.033 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:32.5%
Frankie Lymon
and the Teenagers.

21:41.133 --> 21:43.133 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
This is in the early days
of rock and roll.

21:43.233 --> 21:46.133 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:25%
She worked
an eight-hour-a-day job

21:46.233 --> 21:49.666 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70%
and then did all of the rest
of this after that.

21:49.766 --> 21:51.700 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:22.5%
(Candacy)
Green Book businesses
were owned by Blacks,

21:51.800 --> 21:53.500 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
but then there were some
that weren't.

21:53.600 --> 21:55.866 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
Here we are at Clifton's,

21:55.966 --> 21:59.166 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
the original west end
of the Mother Road.

21:59.266 --> 22:01.133 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:32.5%
Clifton's was
a Green Book property.

22:01.233 --> 22:04.866 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:60%
There are 220 Green Book
properties in Los Angeles,

22:04.966 --> 22:07.233 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
23 of them downtown,

22:07.333 --> 22:08.833 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
and only, out of those 23,

22:08.933 --> 22:10.466 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
six are still standing.

22:10.566 --> 22:13.266 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
Clifton's was established
in 1932,

22:13.366 --> 22:16.500 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
and that was right in the
Depression era restaurant.

22:16.600 --> 22:19.133 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:25%
It was one
of the classic places to come,

22:19.233 --> 22:20.900 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
not only because it was so--

22:21.000 --> 22:22.433 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
it was right in the middle
of downtown,

22:22.533 --> 22:25.633 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
it was right at the very end
of Route 66.

22:25.733 --> 22:28.366 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:47.5%
It was also a place
where you could

22:28.466 --> 22:32.600 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
Dine Free Unless Delighted,
that was the term.

22:32.700 --> 22:34.500 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
They had a five-cent meal,

22:34.600 --> 22:37.566 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
or you could pay what you felt
like the food was worth.

22:37.666 --> 22:39.900 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
So you had the option
of not paying,

22:40.000 --> 22:41.466 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
which was very unique,

22:41.566 --> 22:43.266 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
but in the spirit
of the times

22:43.366 --> 22:45.133 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:42.5%
and in the spirit
of Clifford Clinton,

22:45.233 --> 22:47.200 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
who owned Clifton's.

22:47.300 --> 22:52.033 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:80%
Clifford Clinton was a white man
who owned this property.

22:52.133 --> 22:53.700 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
He thought of this
in the Depression

22:53.800 --> 22:57.066 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:77.5%
when there was still, you know,
so much fear and scarcity,

22:57.166 --> 22:59.666 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
but he saw that there was
still too much here

22:59.766 --> 23:01.966 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:37.5%
for people to--
to not have a warm meal

23:02.066 --> 23:03.533 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
and not have the basics.

23:03.633 --> 23:06.933 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:77.5%
And he created a business model
that made it possible

23:07.033 --> 23:08.566 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
for him to give away
free food.

23:08.666 --> 23:11.500 align:start position:25% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
Across the Southwest
along Route 66,

23:11.600 --> 23:13.933 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
elite women were involved
in pursuits

23:14.033 --> 23:16.233 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:32.5%
that combined
historic preservation

23:16.333 --> 23:19.700 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
with packaging of the imagined
past of the Southwest

23:19.800 --> 23:22.133 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
-to appeal to tourists.
-So we're here

23:22.233 --> 23:26.566 align:start position:15% line:10% size:57.5%
at the Casa de Adobe in
Highland Park, Los Angeles.

23:26.666 --> 23:30.366 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70%
It was built by the Hispanic
Society of California.

23:30.466 --> 23:35.700 align:start position:10% line:74% size:17.5%
(Marva)
It's a replica of a 19th century
Spanish rancho home.

23:35.800 --> 23:37.966 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
And it was built
with the purpose

23:38.066 --> 23:42.166 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
of introducing the public
to the early Spanish settlers.

23:42.266 --> 23:44.400 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:17.5%
(Maren)
This site is unique
in that it was always

23:44.500 --> 23:46.833 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:42.5%
an interpretative
or educational site,

23:46.933 --> 23:50.433 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
never an active
working ranch site.

23:50.533 --> 23:52.800 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:50%
However, it was used
for many different types

23:52.900 --> 23:54.800 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
of programs over the years,

23:54.900 --> 23:57.000 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
and especially during
the peak popularity

23:57.100 --> 23:58.566 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30%
of Route 66.

23:58.666 --> 23:59.600 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:17.5%
(Marva)
For the first few years,

23:59.700 --> 24:01.766 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:47.5%
it was a few blocks
from Route 66,

24:01.866 --> 24:04.900 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
but that still benefited
the visitation.

24:05.000 --> 24:06.933 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
And then, in the early 1930s,

24:07.033 --> 24:08.366 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
the alignment was changed

24:08.466 --> 24:11.966 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:30%
and the Casa
sat right on Route 66.

24:12.066 --> 24:14.433 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:30%
This booklet
is a Casa de Adobe handbook.

24:14.533 --> 24:16.600 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
In the inside cover,
actually,

24:16.700 --> 24:18.200 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
we have a photograph

24:18.300 --> 24:22.700 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:47.5%
of Señora Florencia
Sepulveda de Schoneman.

24:22.800 --> 24:24.733 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:32.5%
She's saying,
"Buenas tardes, amigas!"

24:24.833 --> 24:27.533 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
She was the Casa's
first hostess.

24:27.633 --> 24:30.233 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
And she worked very hard
to give visitors

24:30.333 --> 24:35.600 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5%
some kind of sense of early
Spanish Californian life.

24:35.700 --> 24:36.800 align:start position:30% line:10% size:17.5%
(Maren)
Right behind me

24:36.900 --> 24:39.466 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5%
is the Southwest Museum
of the American Indian,

24:39.566 --> 24:41.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:40%
which is perched
up on a hillside.

24:41.733 --> 24:43.200 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
The Southwest Museum

24:43.300 --> 24:46.033 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
was the first museum
in Los Angeles.

24:46.133 --> 24:48.600 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:52.5%
And the Casa de Adobe
came under the auspices

24:48.700 --> 24:51.266 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
of the Southwest Museum
in 1925.

24:51.366 --> 24:54.000 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:17.5%
(Maren)
Casa de Adobe was hand-built

24:54.100 --> 24:58.000 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
using traditional adobe brick,
brick by brick,

24:58.100 --> 25:00.900 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:67.5%
tens of thousands of bricks
are what make this structure.

25:01.000 --> 25:04.566 align:start position:12.5% line:74% size:17.5%
(Marva)
And one of the curators there,
Mark Raymond Harrington,

25:04.666 --> 25:06.733 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
became very interested in it.

25:06.833 --> 25:08.800 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:50%
He was interested in
the architecture of adobes,

25:08.900 --> 25:10.800 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
preserving California history,

25:10.900 --> 25:13.066 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:32.5%
and he became
a great supporter.

25:13.166 --> 25:14.733 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:32.5%
And he worked
very closely

25:14.833 --> 25:19.066 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:52.5%
with Señora Florencia
Sepulveda de Schoneman.

25:19.166 --> 25:22.100 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:40%
They established
a Casa de Adobe Committee

25:22.200 --> 25:25.300 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:35%
to raise money
to furnish the Casa,

25:25.400 --> 25:28.500 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:27.5%
to open it,
and to care for it.

25:28.600 --> 25:30.766 align:start position:20% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
At the Southwest Museum
up the hill,

25:30.866 --> 25:34.566 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:50%
women also worked in
anthropology and archaeology.

25:34.666 --> 25:36.300 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
Bertha Parker Pallan Cody

25:36.400 --> 25:39.700 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:50%
was the first female
Native American archaeologist.

25:39.800 --> 25:41.933 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
She worked alongside
her uncle and father

25:42.033 --> 25:44.466 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:30%
at dig sites
across the Southwest.

25:44.566 --> 25:48.066 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:20%
However,
her title was secretary.

25:48.166 --> 25:51.033 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
She exhibited her findings
at the Southwest Museum

25:51.133 --> 25:53.633 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
and wrote for its publication
Masterkey,

25:53.733 --> 25:55.633 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:32.5%
all the while
participating in events

25:55.733 --> 25:57.300 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:52.5%
at the Casa de Adobe.

25:57.400 --> 25:59.400 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:35%
(dreamy music)

25:59.500 --> 26:03.466 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:45%
Route 66 traverses
over 29 tribal lands,

26:03.566 --> 26:05.733 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
and its immediate predecessor
in the area

26:05.833 --> 26:08.500 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
was the Atchison, Topeka,
Santa Fe Railroad.

26:08.600 --> 26:10.400 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:37.5%
(train whistle)

26:10.500 --> 26:13.166 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:45%
Instead of selling
land rights to the railroad,

26:13.266 --> 26:16.000 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
Laguna Pueblo traded
land access for jobs

26:16.100 --> 26:17.500 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:47.5%
for pueblo members.

26:17.600 --> 26:21.033 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
(soft singing, drumming)

26:21.133 --> 26:24.033 align:start position:10% line:10% size:27.5%
(Larrilynn)
We are celebrating
the Laguna Colony Days Festival

26:24.133 --> 26:25.300 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
in Winslow, Arizona.

26:25.400 --> 26:28.200 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:52.5%
These are two days of
celebrating the Laguna culture,

26:28.300 --> 26:30.233 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
as well as the Laguna colony

26:30.333 --> 26:32.766 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:47.5%
that was affiliated
with the Santa Fe Railroad.

26:32.866 --> 26:36.066 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:55%
What happened was that
the officials over at Santa Fe

26:36.166 --> 26:39.033 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5%
met with the governor of Laguna
and said, "We need your land."

26:39.133 --> 26:40.366 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
A verbal agreement
was struck

26:40.466 --> 26:42.966 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
and it's called
The Flower of Friendship.

26:43.066 --> 26:44.333 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65%
This was during the 1920s.

26:44.433 --> 26:46.133 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55%
So, what happened was,

26:46.233 --> 26:50.366 align:start position:15% line:10% size:55%
in return for the land
being used by the Santa Fe,

26:50.466 --> 26:53.200 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:52.5%
jobs were distributed
among the Laguna people.

26:53.300 --> 26:56.066 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:40%
So men and women
from the Laguna reservation

26:56.166 --> 26:58.633 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:40%
-were relocated.
-Route 66 went right through

26:58.733 --> 27:00.366 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
the city of Winslow,

27:00.466 --> 27:04.300 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:52.5%
and the Laguna colony
was on the west side of town

27:04.400 --> 27:06.233 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:25%
right next
to the railroad tracks.

27:06.333 --> 27:08.666 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5%
Our boxcars were set up
right there,

27:08.766 --> 27:12.400 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55%
and very nice boxcars,
apartments.

27:12.500 --> 27:15.633 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:57.5%
My parents were members
of the Santa Fe Indian Band.

27:15.733 --> 27:17.533 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
That was part of the colony.

27:17.633 --> 27:20.066 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:25%
(Rosemary)
Back in the early 1920s,

27:20.166 --> 27:23.366 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:30%
the manager,
Charlie Earickson,

27:23.466 --> 27:27.300 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:45%
was with the group
and wanted some kind of music

27:27.400 --> 27:29.533 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
being played at the picnic.

27:29.633 --> 27:33.766 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:65%
So there was a small group
that began by just picking up,

27:33.866 --> 27:36.800 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5%
I believe it was a trumpet,
a bass horn,

27:36.900 --> 27:39.566 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
and a dented peck horn.

27:39.666 --> 27:43.500 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
And so the Santa Fe Railroad
just decided

27:43.600 --> 27:46.066 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
that they would be
their sponsors

27:46.166 --> 27:49.166 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:35%
for them to be
a professional group,

27:49.266 --> 27:52.333 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
to travel coast to coast.

27:52.433 --> 27:54.333 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:35%
(mellow music)

27:54.433 --> 27:58.366 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:25%
My father,
Tony "Lefty" Siow,

27:58.466 --> 28:00.533 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
plays the big drum here.

28:00.633 --> 28:02.266 align:start position:87.5% line:10% size:2.5%
♪

28:02.366 --> 28:05.766 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:25%
My mother,
Louise Riley Siow,

28:05.866 --> 28:10.800 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:50%
was the band carrier
for the Santa Fe Band.

28:10.900 --> 28:14.266 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:37.5%
And as a child,
I was with them,

28:14.366 --> 28:18.466 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:60%
so I am standing waiting
for them on the side here.

28:18.566 --> 28:20.566 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
My folks bought me
a clarinet,

28:20.666 --> 28:23.200 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:32.5%
and I started
the elementary band.

28:23.300 --> 28:26.566 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
And then when I transferred
into the Santa Fe Band,

28:26.666 --> 28:30.833 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:60%
the clarinet had to give
that first note and tune 'em up.

28:30.933 --> 28:34.200 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:37.5%
Ah, so that's--
I felt that I was important.

28:34.300 --> 28:40.466 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
We traveled to the pow wows
in Flagstaff and Gallup.

28:40.566 --> 28:45.233 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:50%
In August, there was
these pow wows that went on,

28:45.333 --> 28:47.133 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
'cause we paraded.

28:47.233 --> 28:49.566 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:22.5%
And then,
in November,

28:49.666 --> 28:54.000 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:52.5%
we were the host band
for the Arizona State Fair,

28:54.100 --> 28:55.366 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30%
opening day.

28:55.466 --> 28:56.933 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
I really enjoyed it.

28:57.033 --> 29:02.933 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
This photo I have in hand
was taken in Washington, D.C.,

29:03.033 --> 29:05.766 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:17.5%
in 1952
when we were there

29:05.866 --> 29:09.966 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
for the inauguration
of Eisenhower.

29:10.066 --> 29:13.466 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:40%
It's in front of
the Department of the Interior.

29:13.566 --> 29:16.366 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:35%
We were chosen
for the state of Arizona

29:16.466 --> 29:18.833 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
to participate in this band,

29:18.933 --> 29:21.900 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:35%
and I was then
only about 13 years old.

29:22.000 --> 29:24.266 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
And it was a long parade.

29:24.366 --> 29:26.900 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
It was kind of exciting
'cause it was all Indians

29:27.000 --> 29:31.700 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
and the menfolk
started doing the war whoops.

29:31.800 --> 29:34.466 align:start position:20% line:74% size:20%
(Denise)
When the band went
to the Gallup Ceremonial

29:34.566 --> 29:38.400 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
or the Flagstaff Pow Wow
or any place to perform,

29:38.500 --> 29:39.966 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:47.5%
we were right there
with them.

29:40.066 --> 29:42.733 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:77.5%
And it was such a big influence
in my life,

29:42.833 --> 29:45.266 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
that I remember thinking,

29:45.366 --> 29:47.000 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
"When I grow up,
I'm gonna learn

29:47.100 --> 29:49.766 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
how to play every one
of those instruments."

29:49.866 --> 29:52.566 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:50%
So I went to college
and became a music teacher.

29:52.666 --> 29:54.733 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:42.5%
(energetic music)

29:54.833 --> 29:57.133 align:start position:20% line:74% size:25%
(Ann-Mary)
The reason why they put
the railroad here

29:57.233 --> 30:02.333 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:65%
was that the 35th parallel
was a geographically natural way

30:02.433 --> 30:04.900 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
to get across the country,
and so, you know,

30:05.000 --> 30:06.466 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:25%
that's why
the Beale Wagon Road was here,

30:06.566 --> 30:08.833 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
then the railroad,
then Route 66.

30:08.933 --> 30:12.000 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
I mean, it has more to do
with geography.

30:12.100 --> 30:14.433 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70%
Route 66 is primarily known,

30:14.533 --> 30:16.566 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:20%
I think,
in people's imaginations,

30:16.666 --> 30:19.966 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
as a tourism center.

30:20.066 --> 30:24.100 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:57.5%
But in Winslow and many
other towns along the Route,

30:24.200 --> 30:26.800 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
it was also the business
or the civic district

30:26.900 --> 30:28.800 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:35%
for the people
that lived here.

30:28.900 --> 30:33.066 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:15%
(JoAn)
The La Posada sat right close
to the railroad tracks.

30:33.166 --> 30:35.033 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5%
So, but it had Highway 66

30:35.133 --> 30:37.066 align:start position:20% line:10% size:35%
running around
on the other side of it.

30:37.166 --> 30:38.700 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:37.5%
But if you came
on the train,

30:38.800 --> 30:41.700 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
you definitely had to come in
to the Harvey House.

30:41.800 --> 30:44.000 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
And if you ever came in
off the highway, again,

30:44.100 --> 30:47.066 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
you had to park out front
and come in that door.

30:47.166 --> 30:49.233 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
I worked behind the counter.

30:49.333 --> 30:53.933 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:32.5%
There was two
big horseshoe-type counters,

30:54.033 --> 30:56.666 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:40%
and they all had
these beautiful tile tops on,

30:56.766 --> 30:59.200 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
I mean squares of tile.

30:59.300 --> 31:01.366 align:start position:20% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
The Fred Harvey Company
had a partnership

31:01.466 --> 31:04.100 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
with the Atchison, Topeka,
Santa Fe Railroad

31:04.200 --> 31:06.200 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:25%
to provide
a fine dining experience

31:06.300 --> 31:08.933 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:30%
to travelers
along the railroad.

31:09.033 --> 31:12.566 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
The Harvey Girls were employed
to work as waitstaff.

31:12.666 --> 31:14.333 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:22.5%
(Stephen)
Of course, you know,
the Harvey Girls started,

31:14.433 --> 31:16.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:45%
you know, 30 years
before women could vote.

31:16.700 --> 31:21.966 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:80%
So, it's a pretty feminist story
at each generation.

31:22.066 --> 31:27.333 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:70%
So, this has everything from
law notices from Fred's family,

31:27.433 --> 31:29.700 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
and then every little story.

31:29.800 --> 31:31.200 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
You can download these
online now,

31:31.300 --> 31:32.700 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:32.5%
but back then
you had to find them,

31:32.800 --> 31:34.166 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35%
bring them in,
the microfilm,

31:34.266 --> 31:35.500 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:42.5%
to the University
of Pennsylvania Library,

31:35.600 --> 31:36.700 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
and take pictures of them.

31:36.800 --> 31:38.100 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
I mean this is actually
from our anniversary,

31:38.200 --> 31:39.933 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
the year the book was done.

31:40.033 --> 31:42.833 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:20%
I wanted
an El Tovar seltzer bottle

31:42.933 --> 31:45.766 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
that says Fred Harvey El Tovar
on it.

31:45.866 --> 31:48.666 align:start position:12.5% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
Whimsical ashtrays
for numerous smoking clientele

31:48.766 --> 31:49.966 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55%
were among many things

31:50.066 --> 31:51.800 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:27.5%
designed by
the Fred Harvey Company's

31:51.900 --> 31:54.666 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55%
lead interior designer
and architect,

31:54.766 --> 31:57.500 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5%
Mary Elizabeth Jane Colter.

31:57.600 --> 32:01.000 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
Colter drew upon the Southwest
and Native American traditions

32:01.100 --> 32:03.566 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:37.5%
and iconography
for inspiration.

32:03.666 --> 32:05.200 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5%
(mellow jazz music)

32:05.300 --> 32:06.566 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:22.5%
(William)
I think what's really
interesting about Mary Colter

32:06.666 --> 32:10.133 align:start position:15% line:10% size:42.5%
is her real focus
on trying to bring this idea

32:10.233 --> 32:13.033 align:start position:10% line:10% size:52.5%
of what the Southwest
should look like to the public.

32:13.133 --> 32:15.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
She's gone through
in color palettes

32:15.233 --> 32:18.400 align:start position:15% line:10% size:37.5%
and the history
and the types of furniture,

32:18.500 --> 32:20.200 align:start position:15% line:10% size:52.5%
as well as being able
to blend that into something

32:20.300 --> 32:23.533 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
that somebody from back east
who's never been out west

32:23.633 --> 32:25.600 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:32.5%
might be able
to understand and see.

32:25.700 --> 32:28.633 align:start position:17.5% line:74% size:22.5%
(Richard)
She had a real sensitivity
to the landscape.

32:28.733 --> 32:30.466 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:32.5%
She renovated
the Painted Desert Inn

32:30.566 --> 32:31.900 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
in some really wonderful ways,

32:32.000 --> 32:36.166 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:55%
namely, she had worked
with Fred Kabotie before,

32:36.266 --> 32:38.300 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
and Fred Kabotie,
a Hopi muralist,

32:38.400 --> 32:39.433 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
on her invitation,

32:39.533 --> 32:42.800 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:47.5%
came in and painted
several amazing murals

32:42.900 --> 32:46.000 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5%
that are still on the walls
of Painted Desert Inn today.

32:46.100 --> 32:48.266 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:17.5%
She was
a pretty feisty character,

32:48.366 --> 32:49.933 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
and rightfully so.

32:50.033 --> 32:52.166 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:47.5%
She had to probably
assert herself.

32:52.266 --> 32:54.133 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
(mellow piano music)

32:54.233 --> 32:57.333 align:start position:20% line:74% size:27.5%
(Elizabeth)
El Navajo
was a Harvey House hotel

32:57.433 --> 32:59.000 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
in Gallup, New Mexico.

32:59.100 --> 33:01.200 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
It had a couple of openings,

33:01.300 --> 33:06.733 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:77.5%
but the second and main opening
was in the mid 1920s,

33:06.833 --> 33:10.833 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
before Route 66
was officially completed,

33:10.933 --> 33:13.133 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
but there was still enough
of Route 66,

33:13.233 --> 33:15.233 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
from Albuquerque to Gallup,

33:15.333 --> 33:18.200 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70%
that people came on Route 66

33:18.300 --> 33:22.833 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75%
to attend the opening ceremony
of this hotel.

33:22.933 --> 33:25.733 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
The hotel was controversial.

33:25.833 --> 33:28.166 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
For the interiors
of El Navajo,

33:28.266 --> 33:32.466 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
she wanted to give it
some authenticity.

33:32.566 --> 33:35.533 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
She was very charmed
by sand paintings,

33:35.633 --> 33:38.800 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:47.5%
so she commissioned
Navajo artists

33:38.900 --> 33:42.666 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
to recreate sand paintings
for the walls of the lobby

33:42.766 --> 33:44.466 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:32.5%
of El Navajo.

33:44.566 --> 33:48.800 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:47.5%
A lot of the elders
in the Navajo Nation

33:48.900 --> 33:52.466 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
were disapproving
of that decision,

33:52.566 --> 33:55.666 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
and they did quite a bit
of negotiation.

33:55.766 --> 33:59.000 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
Finally, they arrived
at a compromise

33:59.100 --> 34:02.866 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
where the Harvey Company
would invite the Navajos

34:02.966 --> 34:07.766 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
to come and bless the building
and do a sacred ritual

34:07.866 --> 34:11.633 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:55%
to bless the paintings
so that they could be used

34:11.733 --> 34:14.600 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
-and looked at.
-By a lot of descriptions,

34:14.700 --> 34:16.700 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50%
she was a hard woman
to get along with.

34:16.800 --> 34:18.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
But here's a woman
who had to work

34:18.433 --> 34:21.300 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5%
in a predominantly male area.

34:21.400 --> 34:22.733 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
She wanted to get things done.

34:22.833 --> 34:25.333 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:80%
And she chain-smoked cigarettes.

34:25.433 --> 34:30.333 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:25%
(Virginia)
So one thing that Route 66
did for Native peoples

34:30.433 --> 34:34.133 align:start position:10% line:10% size:62.5%
was to give them a market
for their arts and crafts goods.

34:34.233 --> 34:37.100 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:25%
So, people
like Erna Fergusson,

34:37.200 --> 34:39.533 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
who started a thing
called the Indian Detours,

34:39.633 --> 34:42.300 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
automobile tours
for tourists

34:42.400 --> 34:44.766 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
that would be led
by women guides

34:44.866 --> 34:48.333 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
that would take them to
far-flung places in New Mexico

34:48.433 --> 34:51.666 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
where they could purchase
Navajo blankets

34:51.766 --> 34:53.600 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
or purchase pueblo pottery.

34:53.700 --> 34:57.800 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
That kind of thing really had
a kind of invigorating effect

34:57.900 --> 34:59.866 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:32.5%
on the Indian
arts and crafts market.

34:59.966 --> 35:02.500 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
And you think about people
like Maria Martinez,

35:02.600 --> 35:04.866 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
who is understood
as an innovator

35:04.966 --> 35:06.400 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
in pueblo pottery styles,

35:06.500 --> 35:09.066 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
had a market that she would
never otherwise have had,

35:09.166 --> 35:10.866 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:32.5%
had that road
not been built

35:10.966 --> 35:13.600 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:55%
and had those tourists
not been coming through.

35:13.700 --> 35:15.966 align:start position:20% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
The Fred Harvey Company
expanded its reach

35:16.066 --> 35:18.033 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:35%
to accommodate
the motoring public

35:18.133 --> 35:22.466 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:45%
by partnering with
Erna Fergusson on the Detours.

35:22.566 --> 35:26.033 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:62.5%
These excursions departed
from Fred Harvey establishments,

35:26.133 --> 35:30.266 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:70%
conveniently positioned near
both the railroad and Route 66.

35:30.366 --> 35:31.900 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:17.5%
(woman)
How many people
are we expecting?

35:32.000 --> 35:33.900 align:start position:20% line:10% size:17.5%
(Kathy)
Today it is four people.

35:34.000 --> 35:35.566 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5%
They're from Arizona.

35:35.666 --> 35:38.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:50%
The first Harvey Car
left the Castaneda Hotel

35:38.700 --> 35:40.600 align:start position:30% line:10% size:37.5%
in May of 1926.

35:40.700 --> 35:43.966 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:45%
So a lot of people
did come off the highway

35:44.066 --> 35:45.533 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
and visited Las Vegas,

35:45.633 --> 35:46.933 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
because, at that point,

35:47.033 --> 35:49.300 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
it was only six miles
off the highway.

35:49.400 --> 35:52.633 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:42.5%
And then get into
those fabulous Harvey Cars,

35:52.733 --> 35:54.966 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:47.5%
which were Packards
and Cadillacs.

35:55.066 --> 35:57.900 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
The Packards broke down
a lot on the highway

35:58.000 --> 35:59.333 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
because it was pretty rough.

35:59.433 --> 36:01.433 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:25%
Of course,
everyone loves Santa Fe,

36:01.533 --> 36:03.866 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
and that actually became
the headquarters

36:03.966 --> 36:08.000 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:55%
for the Indian Detours
about six months later.

36:08.100 --> 36:10.000 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:35%
(lively music)

36:10.100 --> 36:16.566 align:start position:87.5% line:10% size:2.5%
♪

36:16.666 --> 36:19.133 align:start position:12.5% line:74% size:17.5%
(Jenny)
So, this map that was painted
by Gerald Cassidy

36:19.233 --> 36:21.833 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:20%
was used
by the Detour couriers,

36:21.933 --> 36:25.833 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
educated women trained in
Southwest history and art.

36:25.933 --> 36:29.433 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
The couriers would sit down
and go through the map

36:29.533 --> 36:31.066 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:32.5%
and show them
where they were gonna go,

36:31.166 --> 36:32.366 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5%
what they were gonna see,

36:32.466 --> 36:34.066 align:start position:20% line:10% size:20%
how long
they were gonna be gone.

36:34.166 --> 36:39.133 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5%
And so this was basically
today's Google or road map

36:39.233 --> 36:40.866 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:42.5%
back in the '20s.

36:40.966 --> 36:42.466 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:22.5%
(Barbara)
Mary Elizabeth Jane Colter

36:42.566 --> 36:44.300 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
did a lot of work
at the hotel.

36:44.400 --> 36:46.466 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
And so what's fascinating
about this room

36:46.566 --> 36:49.033 align:start position:15% line:10% size:52.5%
is we believe this is
one of the most intact rooms

36:49.133 --> 36:51.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
left in the hotel.

36:51.200 --> 36:56.000 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75%
And so there's old photographs
that show the light fixtures.

36:56.100 --> 36:57.500 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
He actually has sketches

36:57.600 --> 37:00.733 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:60%
showing what these light
fixtures should look like.

37:00.833 --> 37:04.233 align:start position:20% line:74% size:17.5%
(Jenny)
So, that really was
a very watershed moment

37:04.333 --> 37:07.533 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
for tourism changing
in the Southwest,

37:07.633 --> 37:11.966 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
and Route 66 was the vehicle,
pardon the pun,

37:12.066 --> 37:18.500 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
to have that transition from
rail travel into car travel.

37:18.600 --> 37:22.633 align:start position:15% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
Not everyone's experience
of Route 66 was so pleasant.

37:22.733 --> 37:24.133 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
For Native American children

37:24.233 --> 37:26.800 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
taken to off-reservation
boarding schools,

37:26.900 --> 37:29.166 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
it was very traumatic.

37:29.266 --> 37:32.133 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
The goal of the schools
was not education,

37:32.233 --> 37:37.066 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:55%
but rather eradication
of their culture and identity.

37:37.166 --> 37:40.066 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:27.5%
(Katherine)
I was born and raised
on Laguna Pueblo

37:40.166 --> 37:43.666 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:30%
in the house
that my grandfather built.

37:43.766 --> 37:45.900 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:47.5%
The road, Route 66,

37:46.000 --> 37:49.700 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
ran right through
the pueblo itself.

37:49.800 --> 37:56.000 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:55%
As the cars would turn
a certain curve on that road,

37:56.100 --> 37:58.666 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
the light would shine
on my face,

37:58.766 --> 38:00.933 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
and I would be awake
some nights

38:01.033 --> 38:07.100 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
just to watch those lights
on the wall and on my face

38:07.200 --> 38:11.366 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:25%
and wonder
where these cars were going.

38:11.466 --> 38:18.600 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:77.5%
The day schools in the villages
had grades up to sixth grade.

38:18.700 --> 38:21.666 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
And by the time
you were in the seventh grade,

38:21.766 --> 38:24.566 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
then you either
had to go to Santa Fe

38:24.666 --> 38:27.066 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
or the Albuquerque
Indian School.

38:27.166 --> 38:30.733 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:45%
And the bus always
came to the villages

38:30.833 --> 38:34.900 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:47.5%
to collect children
to go to these schools.

38:35.000 --> 38:39.533 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:55%
When I boarded the bus
in my village of Paguate,

38:39.633 --> 38:44.033 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:55%
my grandmother took me
to the school to board the bus.

38:44.133 --> 38:47.400 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:77.5%
She carried my little suitcase.

38:47.500 --> 38:50.333 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:77.5%
And she was crying when I left.

38:50.433 --> 38:54.833 align:start position:15% line:10% size:47.5%
And I think I cried
all the way to Albuquerque.

38:54.933 --> 39:00.800 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:55%
I did not know where--
exactly where I was going.

39:00.900 --> 39:08.633 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:70%
And I had no idea when I was
going to get back to my home.

39:08.733 --> 39:12.966 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
Because none of this
was ever discussed.

39:13.066 --> 39:15.400 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:25%
When I got
to the boarding school,

39:15.500 --> 39:17.933 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
it was so foreign,

39:18.033 --> 39:24.433 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:52.5%
living in a dormitory
with several hundred other girls

39:24.533 --> 39:28.533 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:50%
and doing everything
by the sound of bells.

39:28.633 --> 39:35.733 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:77.5%
I had to learn to speak English
in a hurry in order to get by.

39:35.833 --> 39:44.100 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
My language was Keresian,
with bits of Spanish.

39:44.200 --> 39:45.633 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
At the boarding school,

39:45.733 --> 39:49.266 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
they wanted to do away
with our language

39:49.366 --> 39:54.033 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
and our culture
and our traditions.

39:54.133 --> 39:57.500 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:45%
And that's the way
it was going to be.

39:57.600 --> 40:04.500 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:52.5%
And you were punished
if you spoke your language.

40:04.600 --> 40:06.100 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
They actually were trying

40:06.200 --> 40:09.233 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
to make you feel ashamed
you were Indian.

40:09.333 --> 40:13.700 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
I think they did not succeed
very well with me

40:13.800 --> 40:21.133 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:47.5%
because I continued
to stay with my traditions,

40:21.233 --> 40:24.300 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:27.5%
my culture,
and my language.

40:24.400 --> 40:25.466 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:25%
(narrator)
As much as it was used

40:25.566 --> 40:28.600 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:27.5%
for tourism
and entrepreneurial activities,

40:28.700 --> 40:30.966 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:22.5%
Route 66,
in its early years,

40:31.066 --> 40:33.300 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:20%
was also
frequently the road taken

40:33.400 --> 40:36.666 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
by the uprooted and displaced.

40:36.766 --> 40:39.700 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:20%
In 1929,
the stock market crashed,

40:39.800 --> 40:42.566 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
starting a worldwide
economic crisis.

40:42.666 --> 40:44.833 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
In the Midwest,
the Great Depression,

40:44.933 --> 40:47.233 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
combined with drought
and dust storm,

40:47.333 --> 40:52.733 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
forced 350,000 people to leave
their homes and land behind.

40:52.833 --> 40:56.333 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:27.5%
(announcer)
For Highway 66,
their path of exodus,

40:56.433 --> 40:59.966 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
across mountains and desert
to the green promised land,

41:00.133 --> 41:01.600 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:27.5%
California.

41:01.700 --> 41:03.566 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30%
(soft music)

41:03.666 --> 41:07.333 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:20%
(Lyndia)
Amarillo was the largest city

41:07.433 --> 41:10.866 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:27.5%
in the area
that became the Dust Bowl.

41:10.966 --> 41:14.233 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
The surrounding area
was farmers.

41:14.333 --> 41:18.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5%
During the 1920s,

41:18.166 --> 41:23.200 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
this was the first time
that mechanized farm equipment

41:23.300 --> 41:25.633 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
began to be used
in the Midwest.

41:25.733 --> 41:29.900 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:42.5%
By 1930 and 1931,

41:30.000 --> 41:33.433 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
everything was constantly
covered in dust,

41:33.533 --> 41:37.666 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
including most of the goods
in the fur store,

41:37.766 --> 41:41.366 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
so they had to be kept
in cloth bags

41:41.466 --> 41:43.033 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:52.5%
to keep the dust off.

41:43.133 --> 41:48.800 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
Mother was Sarah, with an H,
Finegold Rubenstein.

41:48.900 --> 41:54.033 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:17.5%
It says
"Amarillo, Texas, 1932.

41:54.133 --> 41:59.000 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:45%
I'm five feet tall
and weigh 100 pounds."

41:59.100 --> 42:01.466 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30%
I love that.

42:01.566 --> 42:08.466 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
Natural gas was discovered
in Amarillo in the 1920s.

42:08.566 --> 42:14.366 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
It was a wonderful place
to open a luxury store.

42:14.466 --> 42:18.833 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:35%
The mistresses
of the oil workers

42:18.933 --> 42:24.433 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
would come in to buy jewelry
and a fur coat.

42:24.533 --> 42:31.833 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65%
And my grandfather's store
was on the main road,

42:31.933 --> 42:36.233 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
downtown Route 66,
Polk Street,

42:36.333 --> 42:38.600 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
named for the President.

42:38.700 --> 42:42.000 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
This was the road
that people took

42:42.100 --> 42:44.866 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
as they were going
to California.

42:44.966 --> 42:47.066 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
It was such hard work.

42:47.166 --> 42:51.000 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
She was in the store
seven days a week.

42:51.100 --> 42:56.733 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:67.5%
She was dealing with people
who didn't have very much money,

42:56.833 --> 42:59.800 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
so that was layaway.

42:59.900 --> 43:02.000 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
During the summer,

43:02.100 --> 43:05.300 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
she would store fur coats,

43:05.400 --> 43:09.533 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
so when the fall came
and it was cold again,

43:09.633 --> 43:13.033 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
she would sell off the coats

43:13.133 --> 43:18.900 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
that had been left
without any money.

43:19.000 --> 43:21.000 align:start position:25% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
For self-supporting
creative women

43:21.100 --> 43:23.633 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
like Sally Rand
and Dorothea Lange,

43:23.733 --> 43:24.900 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:35%
life was hard,

43:25.000 --> 43:27.100 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
but they found new ways
to support themselves

43:27.200 --> 43:31.966 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
on Route 66 that shaped
their lives and legacies.

43:32.066 --> 43:34.266 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
Rand had tasted success
as an actor

43:34.366 --> 43:36.366 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
working for Cecil B. DeMille.

43:36.466 --> 43:38.466 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:77.5%
But with the advent of talkies,

43:38.566 --> 43:42.100 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:50%
her career plummeted
alongside the stock market.

43:42.200 --> 43:43.700 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
She found herself
without work

43:43.800 --> 43:45.633 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
and headed back home
to the Midwest,

43:45.733 --> 43:47.166 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
where she launched
her burlesque act

43:47.266 --> 43:50.400 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
at the Chicago World's Fair
in 1933.

43:50.500 --> 43:53.366 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
Despite frequent arrests
for indecency,

43:53.466 --> 43:55.833 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:35%
Rand performed
her legendary fan dance

43:55.933 --> 43:59.300 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
an estimated 65,000 times.

43:59.400 --> 44:00.833 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
Lange, on the other hand,

44:00.933 --> 44:02.933 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
took a job documenting
the plight of migrants

44:03.033 --> 44:04.500 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:27.5%
on Route 66

44:04.600 --> 44:06.500 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
and turned her camera,
in particular,

44:06.600 --> 44:10.433 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
on the suffering and heroism
of women and girls.

44:10.533 --> 44:12.400 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:35%
John Steinbeck
looked at Lange's photos

44:12.500 --> 44:14.666 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
when he was doing research
for his epic novel

44:14.766 --> 44:18.166 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
The Grapes of Wrath,
published in 1939.

44:18.266 --> 44:20.833 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
He called Route 66
"the mother road,

44:20.933 --> 44:22.400 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
the road of flight."

44:22.500 --> 44:25.233 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
After looking at Lange's photo
of Florence Thompson,

44:25.333 --> 44:28.166 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:57.5%
who was originally from
the Cherokee Nation in Oklahoma,

44:28.266 --> 44:30.100 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:35%
near Route 66,

44:30.200 --> 44:32.033 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:77.5%
Steinbeck wrote Lange a letter.

44:32.133 --> 44:34.200 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:25%
"Thank you
for sending that picture.

44:34.300 --> 44:38.033 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:55%
Nothing was ever taken
that so illustrates the time."

44:38.133 --> 44:41.300 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
Women who were breadwinners
found themselves taking jobs

44:41.400 --> 44:44.566 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:65%
and moving to places that,
under ordinary circumstances,

44:44.666 --> 44:47.166 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
they would never
have considered.

44:47.266 --> 44:50.900 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:12.5%
(Joe)
Towns along Route 66
in the Mojave Desert,

44:51.000 --> 44:52.100 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
the climate out there,

44:52.200 --> 44:55.166 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:27.5%
that's what
most people think of

44:55.266 --> 44:57.100 align:start position:25% line:10% size:37.5%
when they think
of living out there.

44:57.200 --> 44:58.566 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55%
It gets extremely hot,

44:58.666 --> 45:04.000 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:37.5%
and I mean 120,
115 in the summertime.

45:04.100 --> 45:07.000 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
But the wintertimes
can be brutally cold.

45:07.100 --> 45:09.000 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:80%
Life for the families out there,

45:09.100 --> 45:12.733 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:55%
particularly the women
who lived in these communities,

45:12.833 --> 45:14.333 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30%
was austere.

45:14.433 --> 45:17.733 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:30%
So their job
was cooking, cleaning,

45:17.833 --> 45:19.700 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:27.5%
and raising
all these children.

45:19.800 --> 45:21.100 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30%
(soft music)

45:21.200 --> 45:24.666 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
But teachers out there have
a special place in my heart.

45:24.766 --> 45:26.600 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:52.5%
They were very caring

45:26.700 --> 45:30.466 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
and certainly had to be
resilient and resourceful.

45:30.566 --> 45:32.666 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
When Nellie first arrived
in Chubbuck,

45:32.766 --> 45:34.666 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:80%
a small desert mining community,

45:34.766 --> 45:37.100 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:40%
I think she knew
what she was getting into.

45:37.200 --> 45:41.133 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:60%
She was highly educated,
but she couldn't find a job.

45:41.233 --> 45:44.500 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
And I think most of the jobs
were being taken by men.

45:44.600 --> 45:46.400 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
And they offered her this,

45:46.500 --> 45:51.000 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:67.5%
I think the salary was $100
a month or something like that.

45:51.100 --> 45:54.066 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:60%
She was recently widowed
before she came out there.

45:54.166 --> 45:55.500 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30%
(soft music)

45:55.600 --> 45:56.933 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
She lived in the school

45:57.033 --> 46:00.533 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:50%
in one room that was
adjacent to the school,

46:00.633 --> 46:02.900 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
divided from the classroom
by a curtain,

46:03.000 --> 46:05.800 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
with her two boys and a dog.

46:05.900 --> 46:07.366 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
A high percentage
of the families

46:07.466 --> 46:10.800 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:80%
living in the desert communities
along Route 66

46:10.900 --> 46:13.133 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:30%
were Latinos
seeking refuge in the desert

46:13.233 --> 46:15.700 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
from the mass deportations
of Mexican Americans

46:15.800 --> 46:17.800 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
that occurred in the 1930s.

46:17.900 --> 46:21.333 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:12.5%
(Luz)
During the Depression,
it was very difficult.

46:21.433 --> 46:24.533 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
We had a man from Prescott
come with a big truck

46:24.633 --> 46:28.533 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
with food for the poor people.

46:28.633 --> 46:30.700 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
Well, Augustine and I
went and just--

46:30.800 --> 46:32.700 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
we lived not too far
from the store

46:32.800 --> 46:34.233 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
where the truck was.

46:34.333 --> 46:35.833 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
He rubbed his little hands
together and said,

46:35.933 --> 46:37.900 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:35%
"Come on, Luz,
let's go get some food.

46:38.000 --> 46:40.900 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
We're gonna surprise Mom
and take her some ham."

46:41.000 --> 46:42.233 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
Well, he got up to the truck,

46:42.333 --> 46:43.533 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
he's just a little boy,

46:43.633 --> 46:47.033 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:45%
I think about ten,
nine, ten years old.

46:47.133 --> 46:52.366 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:65%
And he got up to the truck
and he put his little hands up

46:52.466 --> 46:55.466 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:40%
to get a piece--
to get a piece of ham.

46:55.566 --> 46:58.700 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
The man said, "You're Mexican,
I can't give you any food."

46:58.800 --> 47:01.000 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:35%
(somber music)

47:01.100 --> 47:02.766 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:37.5%
Augustine and I
were so sorry

47:02.866 --> 47:05.300 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
that we couldn't take Mother
a piece of ham.

47:05.400 --> 47:06.400 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30%
(jazz music)

47:06.500 --> 47:11.200 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
We went--we walked home,
just very, very sad.

47:11.300 --> 47:13.500 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
But we had other things
that topped that.

47:13.600 --> 47:16.100 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
The Delgadillo Dance Band
was well-known.

47:16.200 --> 47:18.200 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:30%
Smoke and we
were very dedicated.

47:18.300 --> 47:21.066 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
And we produced good music.

47:21.166 --> 47:22.433 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30%
Dance music.

47:22.533 --> 47:24.700 align:start position:37.5% line:84.67% size:25%
(laughing)

47:24.800 --> 47:28.266 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
My brother, Juan,
started a band in the '30s

47:28.366 --> 47:29.866 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:37.5%
in (inaudible).

47:29.966 --> 47:32.700 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
I come from a family of 11.

47:32.800 --> 47:36.466 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
And he took all the younger
brothers and sisters

47:36.566 --> 47:37.833 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
and taught us music.

47:37.933 --> 47:39.733 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:77.5%
He was with a band in Ash Fork,

47:39.833 --> 47:42.066 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
playing with Hank Bedcur.

47:42.166 --> 47:44.133 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
And he'd take me with him,
and he said,

47:44.233 --> 47:46.300 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
"Luz, I just want you
to watch the piano player

47:46.400 --> 47:48.766 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
and don't move and watch him."

47:48.866 --> 47:50.766 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5%
And I said, "Watch what?"
He said, "Watch his hands.

47:50.866 --> 47:52.600 align:start position:30% line:10% size:40%
See what he does
with his hands."

47:52.700 --> 47:54.666 align:start position:10% line:10% size:80%
So, for all the rehearsal hours,

47:54.766 --> 47:57.800 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5%
I watched Mr. Bedcur's hands.

47:57.900 --> 47:59.200 align:start position:87.5% line:10% size:2.5%
♪

47:59.300 --> 48:04.000 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:55%
The house I grew up on
was on the original Route 66.

48:04.100 --> 48:05.866 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
Practiced in the living room,

48:05.966 --> 48:07.533 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
and in that living room,

48:07.633 --> 48:11.100 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
you could hear the sound
of a bunch of kids.

48:11.200 --> 48:13.000 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
Charles was the manager.

48:13.100 --> 48:14.600 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
He'd come in and say,
"You know what?

48:14.700 --> 48:17.200 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
There's a bunch of cars
listening to your music."

48:17.300 --> 48:22.333 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
We played for prom dances,
graduation.

48:22.433 --> 48:24.500 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:55%
Any activity, anything
that went on in Seligman,

48:24.600 --> 48:30.833 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
Ash Fort, Williams, Flagstaff,
Prescott, Winslow.

48:30.933 --> 48:35.466 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
And we traveled all Route 66
in an old Dodge car.

48:35.566 --> 48:37.166 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
And we were never late
to a dancing gag,

48:37.266 --> 48:38.066 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:47.5%
we were never late.

48:38.166 --> 48:38.933 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:47.5%
Set up before nine,

48:39.033 --> 48:40.866 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:80%
be ready to play the first tune,

48:40.966 --> 48:42.900 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
the first notes at nine,

48:43.000 --> 48:45.200 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
and we'll take 15-minute break
about 11,

48:45.300 --> 48:48.133 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
and then get back
on the dancefloor,

48:48.233 --> 48:51.333 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:32.5%
on the stage,
and play till one.

48:51.433 --> 48:54.300 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
Well, sometimes we didn't get
home till 3:00 in the morning.

48:54.400 --> 48:57.333 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
Well, my dear mother
never went to sleep.

48:57.433 --> 49:01.766 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
She'd meet us to the back door
of the kitchen and just say:

49:01.866 --> 49:05.033 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
"Ah, gracias a Dios llegaron."

49:05.133 --> 49:06.533 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:25%
She'd say,
"Thank God you're here."

49:06.633 --> 49:09.633 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:50%
Didn't know it then,
we knew after what we had done,

49:09.733 --> 49:13.133 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:55%
we didn't know we were
getting over those barriers,

49:13.233 --> 49:14.833 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
we didn't realize that.

49:14.933 --> 49:18.966 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
We were too busy entertaining.

49:19.066 --> 49:22.866 align:start position:12.5% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
For many travelers on Route 66
who were California bound,

49:22.966 --> 49:25.633 align:start position:30% line:10% size:40%
out of necessity
or for pleasure,

49:25.733 --> 49:27.700 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:27.5%
a rest stop
after crossing the high desert

49:27.800 --> 49:29.733 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5%
was a much-needed relief.

49:29.833 --> 49:31.266 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
The city of San Bernardino

49:31.366 --> 49:34.933 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:47.5%
was the entry-point
into the Los Angeles Basin.

49:35.033 --> 49:37.666 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:50%
And Route 66 created
a thriving environment

49:37.766 --> 49:40.433 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:35%
-for business.
-My name is Irene Montaño,

49:40.533 --> 49:43.800 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
and I'm the daughter-in-law
of Lucia Rodriguez,

49:43.900 --> 49:46.700 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
who was the original owner
of Mitla Cafe.

49:46.800 --> 49:48.366 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:42.5%
Lucia didn't have
a formal education.

49:48.466 --> 49:51.200 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
She came from Mexico
with her husband,

49:51.300 --> 49:53.666 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
she had her children,
she didn't speak English,

49:53.766 --> 49:58.000 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:55%
but she could tally up
totals of math in her head

49:58.100 --> 49:59.800 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
like nobody's business.

49:59.900 --> 50:03.833 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:57.5%
Her husband was working
at Santa Fe at the railroad,

50:03.933 --> 50:07.033 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65%
and she started the Mitla.

50:07.133 --> 50:11.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:50%
She was here at 4:00
in the morning working.

50:11.700 --> 50:13.033 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50%
I think--and I think
at that time

50:13.133 --> 50:14.933 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
they were open 24 hours a day.

50:15.033 --> 50:20.133 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5%
Route 66 really propelled
this already growing

50:20.233 --> 50:22.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:35%
and developing
Mexican community

50:22.733 --> 50:25.700 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:27.5%
and made it
a much more diverse community

50:25.800 --> 50:28.866 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
in that it allowed
Mexican Americans

50:28.966 --> 50:31.333 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
to become merchants.

50:31.433 --> 50:33.400 align:start position:20% line:74% size:17.5%
(Patti)
My grandmother
was a very strong lady,

50:33.500 --> 50:35.700 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50%
and because she knew
what it was

50:35.800 --> 50:40.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
to go without food
for several days,

50:40.100 --> 50:42.700 align:start position:15% line:10% size:60%
that she didn't want her
children going through that.

50:42.800 --> 50:46.300 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:37.5%
And, therefore,
she was gonna open a restaurant

50:46.400 --> 50:48.000 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:32.5%
and make sure
that the kids were fed

50:48.100 --> 50:49.633 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
whenever they wanted to eat.

50:49.733 --> 50:51.633 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30%
(jazz music)

50:51.733 --> 50:54.033 align:start position:87.5% line:10% size:2.5%
♪

50:54.133 --> 50:57.100 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
She brought her daughters
to work with her,

50:57.200 --> 50:59.600 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:40%
and to help her,
so it was all women.

50:59.700 --> 51:04.133 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
And my mother, Vera,

51:04.233 --> 51:06.866 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:20%
only had
an eighth grade education,

51:06.966 --> 51:10.866 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:65%
but she, I think, followed
in my grandmother's footsteps,

51:10.966 --> 51:13.433 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
where she was an entrepreneur,

51:13.533 --> 51:14.766 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:47.5%
she knew how to run
the business,

51:14.866 --> 51:16.366 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:37.5%
she knew books,
she knew money,

51:16.466 --> 51:19.266 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:40%
she--and she was
very, very good at it.

51:19.366 --> 51:21.700 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:15%
(Mark)
San Bernardino was typical

51:21.800 --> 51:24.466 align:start position:20% line:10% size:52.5%
of other Southwestern
communities at the time.

51:24.566 --> 51:29.733 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:70%
There was segregation within
schools for Mexican children,

51:29.833 --> 51:33.133 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:45%
segregation within
public recreational spaces.

51:33.233 --> 51:36.233 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
The Mitla Cafe promoted
community identity,

51:36.333 --> 51:38.933 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:35%
especially one
that was Mexican,

51:39.033 --> 51:42.666 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:50%
one that was ethnic,
one that was instilling pride

51:42.766 --> 51:45.533 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:45%
into the residents
of these neighborhoods.

51:45.633 --> 51:48.733 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
Not only that, it was also
an inter-ethnic space

51:48.833 --> 51:52.300 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
in that white patrons
were coming in

51:52.400 --> 51:55.633 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
and introducing themselves
to Mexican culture,

51:55.733 --> 51:59.000 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:32.5%
Mexican food,
and Mexican people as well.

51:59.100 --> 52:00.766 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:52.5%
So, it was this space

52:00.866 --> 52:04.300 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
that challenged
segregationist practices.

52:04.400 --> 52:05.833 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:17.5%
(Irene)
In the 1950s,

52:05.933 --> 52:10.733 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
Glen Bell had a local stand
across the street from here,

52:10.833 --> 52:12.566 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
and he used to come in
and have tacos.

52:12.666 --> 52:13.900 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5%
And he--he really liked 'em

52:14.000 --> 52:15.866 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5%
and he wanted to know
how they were made.

52:15.966 --> 52:18.600 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5%
So my father-in-law
accommodated him

52:18.700 --> 52:20.900 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
-and took him in the back.
-When I started working,

52:21.000 --> 52:23.166 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
I would see him
come in for breakfast

52:23.266 --> 52:28.400 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:35%
before he went
to his little hot dog stand.

52:28.500 --> 52:32.200 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:15%
Lucia,
she taught you how to do it

52:32.300 --> 52:36.000 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5%
and she expected you to do it
the way she taught you.

52:36.100 --> 52:38.266 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
That's the right way to do it.

52:38.366 --> 52:42.966 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:60%
So, a little after that,
he moved away from there.

52:43.066 --> 52:45.266 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:17.5%
He sold
his little hot dog stand

52:45.366 --> 52:48.966 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:50%
and he went to start
his Taco Bell empire,

52:49.066 --> 52:50.566 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
I guess you'd call it.

52:50.666 --> 52:54.100 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:35%
The automobile
opened up worlds for women.

52:54.200 --> 52:56.100 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:80%
It's been dubbed "automobility,"

52:56.200 --> 52:57.533 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
and it's allowed women

52:57.633 --> 53:00.300 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:30%
to break out
of their traditional roles.

53:00.400 --> 53:05.366 align:start position:25% line:10% size:15%
(John)
Darlene was a woman
from my hometown.

53:05.466 --> 53:07.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:35%
And she wanted
to go to college,

53:07.633 --> 53:09.900 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:47.5%
and her father just
didn't think, in 1930,

53:10.000 --> 53:12.000 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
that a girl needed
to go to college.

53:12.100 --> 53:14.033 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
And so he made her
a counteroffer

53:14.133 --> 53:16.333 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
that if she would go
to beauty school

53:16.433 --> 53:18.800 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:42.5%
and stay at home,

53:18.900 --> 53:21.900 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
he would pay for beauty school
and he would buy her a car.

53:22.000 --> 53:23.566 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:32.5%
Darlene began
to invite friends

53:23.666 --> 53:25.466 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
to go on summer vacations
with her.

53:25.566 --> 53:28.566 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
Over the period of nine years,

53:28.666 --> 53:30.800 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:25%
there were
20 different young women,

53:30.900 --> 53:32.633 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:27.5%
all single,

53:32.733 --> 53:35.566 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:30%
who ended up
going on the vacation.

53:35.666 --> 53:37.666 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
Gypsy Coed became a name

53:37.766 --> 53:41.566 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:42.5%
that they adopted
in about 1940, '41,

53:41.666 --> 53:44.366 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:55%
and it stuck with them
for the rest of the time.

53:44.466 --> 53:47.066 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
The top on the car
had been destroyed

53:47.166 --> 53:50.000 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:32.5%
and they went
to an awning shop

53:50.100 --> 53:51.666 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
and bought awning remnants,

53:51.766 --> 53:55.133 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:77.5%
and they stitched them together
to make the top of the car.

53:55.233 --> 53:57.766 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:40%
So when they put
the top of the car up,

53:57.866 --> 53:59.666 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
they looked at it
and they said,

53:59.766 --> 54:01.933 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:47.5%
"This kind of looks
like a gypsy wagon."

54:02.033 --> 54:04.333 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:17.5%
(Kaisa)
So how did they meet Henry Ford?

54:04.433 --> 54:10.433 align:start position:12.5% line:74% size:15%
(John)
Well, the girls were camping
in Wisconsin and Devil's Lake.

54:10.533 --> 54:13.200 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
Some of the boys that
were camping next to them

54:13.300 --> 54:16.000 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
looked at the Silver Streak,
and they said,

54:16.100 --> 54:17.233 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:52.5%
"This coming weekend,

54:17.333 --> 54:20.800 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:35%
they're having
a big 75th birthday party

54:20.900 --> 54:24.866 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:22.5%
for Henry
in Dearborn, Michigan."

54:24.966 --> 54:28.533 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:45%
And Darlene called
all the girls together

54:28.633 --> 54:31.866 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
at the campfire
that night and said,

54:31.966 --> 54:34.066 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
"We're breaking camp
in the morning.

54:34.166 --> 54:36.433 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
We're gonna go to Detroit
and we're gonna wish

54:36.533 --> 54:38.466 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
Henry Ford a happy birthday."

54:38.566 --> 54:41.700 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:27.5%
And I think
when the girls came--

54:41.800 --> 54:45.766 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5%
pulled up at his front door
in this vehicle,

54:45.866 --> 54:48.300 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:40%
it just gave him
a lot of satisfaction.

54:48.400 --> 54:50.733 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:25%
"You know,
that old Model T of mine,

54:50.833 --> 54:52.733 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
it really keeps running."

54:52.833 --> 54:57.600 align:start position:15% line:10% size:17.5%
(Kaisa)
That 1940 trip was a trip
from Illinois to California

54:57.700 --> 55:00.100 align:start position:15% line:10% size:32.5%
-on Route 66.
-That's right. Yes, it was.

55:00.200 --> 55:03.833 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:50%
They got on Route 66
at Bloomington, Illinois,

55:03.933 --> 55:05.300 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
and they actually got off
at Amarillo

55:05.400 --> 55:08.666 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
to go down to Carlsbad Cavern.

55:08.766 --> 55:11.766 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:35%
They stayed in
country schoolyards

55:11.866 --> 55:14.500 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
and country churchyards,

55:14.600 --> 55:15.633 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:47.5%
because, typically,

55:15.733 --> 55:18.233 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
they had an outdoor pump
and they had outhouses.

55:18.333 --> 55:20.900 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:17.5%
(Kaisa)
Now, traveling
at 35 miles per hour,

55:21.000 --> 55:22.433 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
how long did it take them?

55:22.533 --> 55:26.133 align:start position:17.5% line:74% size:15%
(John)
The diary that was kept
said six and a half weeks

55:26.233 --> 55:27.533 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:42.5%
or 13 flat tires,

55:27.633 --> 55:30.533 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:32.5%
whichever way
you wanted to count.

55:30.633 --> 55:33.300 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
On many of the trips,
there were six girls.

55:33.400 --> 55:36.166 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:50%
Now look around here
and tell me how six girls

55:36.266 --> 55:40.400 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:50%
got in this car with
their suitcases on the side.

55:40.500 --> 55:45.466 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:55%
It's a very basic car,
rudimentary, I like to say.

55:45.566 --> 55:46.533 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:40%
(car door opens)

55:46.633 --> 55:48.133 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:17.5%
(Kaisa)
All right. California bound?

55:48.233 --> 55:49.166 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:32.5%
(John laughs)

55:49.266 --> 55:52.033 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:37.5%
(engine starts)

55:52.133 --> 55:53.366 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:15%
(John)
When they got into Oklahoma,

55:53.466 --> 55:55.000 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:77.5%
they had a major engine problem

55:55.100 --> 55:58.733 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:70%
and they struggled with that
all the way to the West Coast.

55:58.833 --> 56:02.100 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
And finally the car
quit altogether and--

56:02.200 --> 56:05.733 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:40%
75 miles outside
of San Francisco.

56:05.833 --> 56:08.766 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
They had to get towed
into the city.

56:08.866 --> 56:10.500 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
Ford came and got the car,

56:10.600 --> 56:12.466 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
took it to their plant,

56:12.566 --> 56:14.200 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
and overhauled it
while the girls

56:14.300 --> 56:16.300 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:17.5%
were at
the Golden Gate Exhibition.

56:16.400 --> 56:18.700 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:37.5%
-Is that right?
-Yeah.

56:18.800 --> 56:20.666 align:start position:37.5% line:79.33% size:25%
-Let's go!
-Let's go.

56:20.766 --> 56:22.166 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
It has a couple of horns.

56:22.266 --> 56:23.166 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30%
(beeps horn)

56:23.266 --> 56:25.166 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
(jaunty piano music)

56:25.266 --> 56:31.733 align:start position:87.5% line:10% size:2.5%
♪

56:31.833 --> 56:33.433 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:25%
(narrator)
In the 1940s,

56:33.533 --> 56:35.833 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5%
World War II and Route 66

56:35.933 --> 56:39.366 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5%
opened up new opportunities
for women in the workplace.

56:39.466 --> 56:41.966 align:start position:25% line:74% size:27.5%
(announcer)
They're holding down
man-size jobs

56:42.066 --> 56:44.833 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
and handling those jobs
with comparable skills.

56:44.933 --> 56:46.833 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:32.5%
(piano music)

56:46.933 --> 56:56.900 align:start position:87.5% line:10% size:2.5%
♪