WEBVTT

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(cheerful piano music)

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♪

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(narrator)
Since its inception in 1926,

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Route 66 has been an icon
of the American West

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and a defining element
of the American experience.

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♪

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From Chicago to Los Angeles,

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the Mother Road
takes us on a journey

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from the East
to the American West,

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with its wide-open skies

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and a mix of different cultures.

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(Mary)
Route 66 has opened the gateway

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to a lot of opportunities.

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(woman)
You can still drive it?

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I'm like, "Oh, my gosh,
how cool is that?"

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(woman)
Where y'all from?

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(man)
Germany.

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(narrator)
International visitors
come by the tens of thousands,

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hungry for
an American experience.

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(mellow music)

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(indistinct remarks)

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♪

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(woman)
But the most famous
person of all?

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-Who?
-Me.

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-Yay!
-They grew up

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watching American television.

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Route 66 with George Maharis,
Martin Milner.

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And they're all here
to see America of yesterday.

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(narrator)
Beloved television shows,
like the Route 66 TV show,

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and films like Easy Rider,
have celebrated the road

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from a male perspective,
in which women

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are seldom in the driver's seat.

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♪

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(woman)
We forgot that women
were on those journeys.

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We forgot that women
were working all along the way

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in those businesses.

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(narrator)
Despite its moniker,
the Mother Road,

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little attention has been paid
to diverse women's experiences

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across many different cultures

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and almost 100 years of history.

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(woman)
When I first got the motel

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and they were
having a convention,

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and they said, "Well, no--
a woman doesn't come.

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There's no women."

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And so,
they put this man beside me.

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I don't know who he is,

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but they just said,
"Well, no, you just--

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just has to be a man with you."

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It's a mirror
held up to the nation.

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A road that can be really
a living classroom.

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(woman)
She was entrepreneurial,

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she was very business oriented,

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and she allowed us

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to live a very comfortable life.

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(narrator)
From archaeologists
to politicians

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and countless entrepreneurs,

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women overcame segregation
and gender discrimination

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to build fulfilling lives
for themselves

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and generations to come

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on America's most beloved road.

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This is their story.

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(vehicles whirring past)

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Along the Mother Road,

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women had spent
almost two decades

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slowly building communities
along Route 66,

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when World War II
launched the country

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into a new era.

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The first and fundamental fact
is that what started

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as a European war

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has (inaudible)
as the Nazis always intended

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it should develop

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into a war for world domination.

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(explosions)

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(newsreel announcer)
Overnight, we were at war,

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a war we not prepared to fight.

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Still fresh and bitter

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are the memories of those days.

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(jazz music)

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(Heidi)
In the 1940s,
there's a dramatic shift,

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because Route 66

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is an important
transportation corridor

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for both war materiel
and for war personnel.

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You have soldiers
coming through,

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you have equipment
coming through.

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(narrator)
The war opened up
new opportunities

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in the workplace for women.

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Jobs that had previously
only been open to men

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and required technical training
and expertise

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were suddenly recruiting women.

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(John)
Flagstaff at that time

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was a small mountain,
tourist, lumber town.

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♪

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They decided
this would be one of the 16

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new ordnance depots

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that they would build
in the West.

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Route 66 served
as a major conduit.

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Workers from all around
could come into Flagstaff,

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they would go over
the Arizona Divide,

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they would just
drop down into Belmont,

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and work was guaranteed.

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The project manager out here,

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a man named Captain Myrick,

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knew that labor would be
at a premium.

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He knew that Flagstaff
could not supply

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anywhere close to
the 8,000 construction workers

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that were needed.

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So, Captain Myrick said,
"We have got to go out

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on the Indian reservations,
and we've got to recruit

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Navajos and Hopis."

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Well, they approached
the Navajo and Hopi leaders

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and said, "Listen, okay now,

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what if we built
an Indian village

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on the Army base?"

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And both the Navajo
and Hopi leaders,

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they thought that over
for a few seconds,

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they said,
"That would be wonderful."

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So, for the first time
in American history,

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a large group
of Native Americans

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moved onto
a U.S. Army base gladly.

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(indistinct remarks)

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I work at Camp Navajo

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as an ordnance inspector.

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That's my title.

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I've been there at Camp Navajo
for 27 years.

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I felt like I had a calling
to the military,

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and I think it came from
when I was a child.

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Here is my grandfather.

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He was actually
the chairman of the tribe.

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To me, I've always
looked up to my grandfather.

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He also served
in the Army as well.

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I have always felt a connection
at Camp Navajo,

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because my people
have been there.

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(John)
During the war,
there would be probably around

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3,500 Navajo and Hopi families

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that lived in something called
Indian Village.

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So, the women came along
to help with the children,

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but they really
weren't considered

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for employment at that time.

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When all
the construction workers left

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in 1943,

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they had to get women out there
for the permanent force.

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You see women adjusting
the thin lock nut

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on 500-pound bombs.

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They did a lot of the, uh--
on the assembly line,

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they did work with munitions.

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Well, all of the information
that had to be stenciled

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onto the green artillery shells

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was done by Navajo
and Hopi women,

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also Anglo women,
and they would take fuses down,

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and they would
drop test the fuse

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to see if it would explode
or not.

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1.3 million tons of munitions

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came in and out
of Navajo Ordnance Depot,

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but the mission
was to store it here

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until it was needed
in the Pacific,

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and then they would
ship it to Los Angeles

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or to San Francisco.

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They were always
short of people,

07:05.433 --> 07:08.433 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:42.5%
and consequently,
there was considerable pressure

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on Flagstaff women

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through the newspaper
and through the clubs

07:15.266 --> 07:18.233 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:77.5%
saying, "You've got to come out
to the depot to work,

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and we have
a good-paying job for you."

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(narrator)
While the jobs at the depot
were civilian jobs,

07:24.500 --> 07:26.400 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:30%
to make them
more attractive to women,

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a uniform was designed
that conveyed the importance

07:29.266 --> 07:31.666 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
of their work and position.

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(John)
Hundreds and hundreds
of young Hispanic women,

07:34.900 --> 07:38.300 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
they went out to the depot
and got a good-paying job

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at a very good wage

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for the first time
in their lives.

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(melancholic music)

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(narrator)
The dangerous work at the depot,

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handling all kinds
of ammunition

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from 50-pound bombs
all the way down to artillery,

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took its toll.

07:51.866 --> 07:54.400 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:77.5%
One of the most hazardous tasks
at the depot

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was digging explosives
out of a shell

07:56.666 --> 07:59.066 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
-using a wooden tool.
-So that gunpowder

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could be saved
and used in other shells.

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(narrator)
Women were frequently involved
in serious accidents

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that required hospitalization,

08:08.366 --> 08:10.233 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
and they had to juggle work
with their role

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as wives and mothers
in a way that the men of the era

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did not have to do.

08:14.933 --> 08:18.300 align:start position:87.5% line:10% size:2.5%
♪

08:18.400 --> 08:20.833 align:start position:25% line:74% size:12.5%
(Joe)
You know, Molly,
I've been thinking.

08:20.933 --> 08:22.500 align:start position:37.5% line:79.33% size:17.5%
(Molly)
Yes, Joe?

08:22.600 --> 08:26.100 align:start position:10% line:74% size:12.5%
(Joe)
Maybe some of those women
and girls coming into the plant,

08:26.200 --> 08:28.966 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:52.5%
well, maybe they have
home responsibilities, too.

08:29.066 --> 08:31.500 align:start position:37.5% line:79.33% size:17.5%
(Molly)
Could be.

08:31.600 --> 08:35.600 align:start position:15% line:74% size:12.5%
(Joe)
Maybe--maybe they really do
need time off.

08:35.700 --> 08:39.066 align:start position:15% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
Over 19 million women
worked during World War II.

08:39.166 --> 08:41.833 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:22.5%
What made
the Navajo Ordnance Depot unique

08:41.933 --> 08:44.633 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
was the high percentage
of Native American women

08:44.733 --> 08:47.233 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
who were integral
to its success.

08:47.333 --> 08:51.200 align:start position:15% line:74% size:15%
(Mary)
Here, the reason why
I put them there like that,

08:51.300 --> 08:55.066 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:40%
to me, it's like
me as a Native American,

08:55.166 --> 08:58.266 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
and me as a--an Army person.

08:58.366 --> 09:01.600 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
In the Navajo way,
they have a saying

09:01.700 --> 09:03.133 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:52.5%
about changing woman.

09:03.233 --> 09:06.433 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:80%
Changing woman, she had to adapt

09:06.533 --> 09:08.933 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
through certain things,
you know.

09:09.033 --> 09:10.833 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
She had to change,

09:10.933 --> 09:12.433 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:32.5%
and you know,

09:12.533 --> 09:15.566 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
as a girl, you change
to become a woman.

09:15.666 --> 09:18.100 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
These photos right here,

09:18.200 --> 09:21.700 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
I was very sad when I left,

09:21.800 --> 09:24.533 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:30%
and this was
my first deployment,

09:24.633 --> 09:27.966 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:42.5%
and at that time,

09:28.066 --> 09:31.866 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
you know, my children
were crying after me,

09:31.966 --> 09:35.700 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
um, my son wouldn't let me go
in this photo,

09:35.800 --> 09:39.100 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
and we had a lot of casualties

09:39.200 --> 09:41.800 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
in the first deployment.

09:41.900 --> 09:43.900 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
I put this up here because...

09:44.000 --> 09:45.600 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:42.5%
(uplifting music)

09:45.700 --> 09:48.633 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
...I greet the morning
every morning

09:48.733 --> 09:50.366 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:47.5%
when I get to work,

09:50.466 --> 09:55.800 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
and there is the chapel
at Camp Navajo.

09:55.900 --> 09:59.800 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
I've always felt blessed

09:59.900 --> 10:05.000 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
that I'm able to stay
near the reservation,

10:05.100 --> 10:07.800 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:77.5%
even though I'm away from home,

10:07.900 --> 10:13.866 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:35%
and every time
I look at the sacred mountain,

10:13.966 --> 10:16.066 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
which we call Dok'o'ooslid,

10:16.166 --> 10:19.266 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:27.5%
I've always
remembered my prayers,

10:19.366 --> 10:21.233 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:20%
and, um,

10:21.333 --> 10:27.400 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
and always had that connection
that I am home.

10:27.500 --> 10:33.066 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:77.5%
Route 66 has opened the gateway
to a lot of opportunities,

10:33.166 --> 10:36.433 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:32.5%
especially to
the Navajo reservation.

10:36.533 --> 10:38.100 align:start position:87.5% line:10% size:2.5%
♪

10:38.200 --> 10:40.300 align:start position:17.5% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
World War II
invigorated the railroads,

10:40.400 --> 10:41.666 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:25%
which were
of paramount importance

10:41.766 --> 10:43.100 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
to the war effort,

10:43.200 --> 10:45.900 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
and run parallel to Route 66
in the Southwest.

10:46.000 --> 10:48.533 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:57.5%
This created additional
job opportunities for women

10:48.633 --> 10:50.666 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:80%
from many different backgrounds.

10:50.766 --> 10:52.366 align:start position:15% line:74% size:22.5%
(Stephen)
You have
an enormous number of troops

10:52.466 --> 10:55.000 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
that are going through
the Southwest,

10:55.100 --> 10:57.000 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
so the restaurants, which are

10:57.100 --> 10:58.766 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5%
these very high-level
restaurants,

10:58.866 --> 11:00.633 align:start position:20% line:10% size:45%
where everything's
supposed to be perfect,

11:00.733 --> 11:03.533 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5%
and the tables have white linen
and really nice china

11:03.633 --> 11:05.033 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5%
and all this kind of stuff,

11:05.133 --> 11:08.400 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:35%
they basically
take the restaurants apart,

11:08.500 --> 11:11.433 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
put long boards
over all the tables,

11:11.533 --> 11:14.700 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
and they turn them
into dorm eating

11:14.800 --> 11:17.300 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:45%
for as many people
as they could fit in there,

11:17.400 --> 11:19.300 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
and then everybody
they can't fit in

11:19.400 --> 11:22.400 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:45%
they serve through
the windows of the cars.

11:22.500 --> 11:25.266 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
It was run more like
a culinary army

11:25.366 --> 11:27.433 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
than a restaurant chain.

11:27.533 --> 11:31.033 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:27.5%
(Katherine)
I was a Harvey Girl

11:31.133 --> 11:35.233 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:30%
at El Navajo
in Gallup, New Mexico.

11:35.333 --> 11:37.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5%
A girl from Acoma and I

11:38.033 --> 11:41.766 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
were making these sandwiches
for the troop trains.

11:41.866 --> 11:45.233 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
(honky-tonk piano music)

11:45.333 --> 11:47.833 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
So, the next year I went back,

11:47.933 --> 11:53.333 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
and I actually got a job
in the coffee shop.

11:53.433 --> 11:55.933 align:start position:10% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
The Harvey Girls, who were part
of the civilian workforce

11:56.033 --> 11:59.300 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:50%
during World War II,
wore an immaculate white uniform

11:59.400 --> 12:01.433 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
that commanded respect.

12:01.533 --> 12:04.666 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:15%
(Rose)
And then, they had
a little black bow

12:04.766 --> 12:07.400 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
and they had their number
on it in silver,

12:07.500 --> 12:10.233 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:80%
and my mother's number was four.

12:10.333 --> 12:14.100 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
My mother's father
came from Japan,

12:14.200 --> 12:18.200 align:start position:10% line:10% size:80%
and her mother came from Mexico.

12:18.300 --> 12:21.966 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:25%
(Virginia)
I remember working
with Mary Montoya in the '40s.

12:22.066 --> 12:24.900 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
Her Japanese name was Toki.

12:25.000 --> 12:28.766 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:55%
And we've been friends
since before we started there.

12:28.866 --> 12:31.933 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
I started making beds,

12:32.033 --> 12:34.233 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:22.5%
and the--
then the second morning,

12:34.333 --> 12:37.200 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
the bedrooms were upstairs,

12:37.300 --> 12:39.033 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
and I was making up the bed,

12:39.133 --> 12:41.966 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:45%
and I guess I have
a lot of electricity in my body,

12:42.066 --> 12:43.500 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
and it shocked me,
and it threw me

12:43.600 --> 12:45.000 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
clear across the room,
and I almost

12:45.100 --> 12:47.300 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
went out the window.

12:47.400 --> 12:50.333 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
So, that frightened me
and I ran downstairs,

12:50.433 --> 12:52.733 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:40%
and I told them,
"I'm through, I quit."

12:52.833 --> 12:55.266 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
And so, the manager, he said,

12:55.366 --> 12:57.866 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:37.5%
"Would you like
to work in the kitchen?"

12:57.966 --> 12:59.133 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:37.5%
I said, "Sure."

12:59.233 --> 13:02.033 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70%
So, I started making salads,

13:02.133 --> 13:05.700 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5%
and then one of the girls

13:05.800 --> 13:07.433 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:37.5%
didn't show up,

13:07.533 --> 13:09.133 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
and we were short,

13:09.233 --> 13:11.966 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
so he put me out front,

13:12.066 --> 13:15.433 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:40%
and that's where
I started my career,

13:15.533 --> 13:18.533 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
working as a Harvey Girl.

13:18.633 --> 13:20.766 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:35%
I worked a lot
of troop trains, yes.

13:20.866 --> 13:22.633 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:35%
(mellow music)

13:22.733 --> 13:26.233 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
A lot of 'em, they came
one right after another.

13:26.333 --> 13:28.366 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
And we had to have the--
the tables all set

13:28.466 --> 13:30.400 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
when they came in.

13:30.500 --> 13:33.033 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
When we were a Harvey Girl,

13:33.133 --> 13:36.666 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:45%
we had recognition
from a lot of people,

13:36.766 --> 13:40.566 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
because all the troop trains,
you know, that come,

13:40.666 --> 13:42.033 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
I got a lot of mail from them.

13:42.133 --> 13:44.933 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:15%
(Rose)
They had everything ready to go.

13:45.033 --> 13:46.800 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
They honored 'em so much.

13:46.900 --> 13:50.000 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
Well, with the train,
they--they just saw everybody.

13:50.100 --> 13:51.633 align:start position:87.5% line:10% size:2.5%
♪

13:51.733 --> 13:53.700 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
These guys knew these were
probably the last women

13:53.800 --> 13:56.500 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:47.5%
they were gonna see
before they went off to war,

13:56.600 --> 13:58.366 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:47.5%
so they were always
sneaking them notes,

13:58.466 --> 14:00.366 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:25%
and asking
if they could write them,

14:00.466 --> 14:03.033 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
and you know, the women
were overwhelmed by this,

14:03.133 --> 14:05.633 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:57.5%
because it's just like,
you know, it's like 50 guys

14:05.733 --> 14:07.500 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:32.5%
ask you to be
the last person they're with

14:07.600 --> 14:09.466 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:37.5%
before they go,
a day.

14:09.566 --> 14:11.200 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
They also served prisoners.

14:11.300 --> 14:12.866 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
I mean, Japanese prisoners

14:12.966 --> 14:15.100 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:35%
being taken to
prisoner-of-war camps

14:15.200 --> 14:17.300 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
came through these towns
and had to be served

14:17.400 --> 14:20.166 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:35%
by the trains.

14:20.266 --> 14:21.866 align:start position:25% line:10% size:32.5%
At that time,
it was pretty rough

14:21.966 --> 14:24.233 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
for the Japanese people.

14:24.333 --> 14:27.133 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
When we were in grade school,

14:27.233 --> 14:29.033 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:42.5%
my sister and I--

14:29.133 --> 14:32.066 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
and they--they knew that,

14:32.166 --> 14:33.933 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:22.5%
you know,
my grandfather is Japanese,

14:34.033 --> 14:36.033 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
so we were taunted a lot.

14:36.133 --> 14:38.066 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
But, believe you me,
my sister stood up

14:38.166 --> 14:39.833 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:37.5%
and she fought.

14:39.933 --> 14:41.900 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:25%
(narrator)
Farther west, prejudice and fear

14:42.000 --> 14:44.833 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
resulted in Japanese Americans
being incarcerated

14:44.933 --> 14:46.633 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
for much of World War II

14:46.733 --> 14:49.400 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:47.5%
in what were called
internment camps.

14:49.500 --> 14:52.533 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:15%
(Rose)
Our American citizens
were put in camps.

14:52.633 --> 14:55.000 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:52.5%
(contemplative music)

14:55.100 --> 14:59.000 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
Anybody that was
half Japanese on

14:59.100 --> 15:02.200 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
would be placed into a camp.

15:02.300 --> 15:06.900 align:start position:87.5% line:10% size:2.5%
♪

15:07.000 --> 15:13.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
It was around 1942
that the FBI,

15:13.500 --> 15:15.866 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:40%
via the Monrovia
Police Department,

15:15.966 --> 15:17.766 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:77.5%
knocked on the door one evening

15:17.866 --> 15:21.000 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
and took my grandfather
to be interrogated

15:21.100 --> 15:25.533 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
to the camp in New Mexico
in Santa Fe,

15:25.633 --> 15:26.900 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:80%
where he was interrogated there.

15:27.000 --> 15:30.333 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
They took mostly the--

15:30.433 --> 15:33.133 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:27.5%
the leaders
of the Japanese community,

15:33.233 --> 15:34.566 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:37.5%
or businessmen.

15:34.666 --> 15:38.300 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:45%
There were posters
that were plastered

15:38.400 --> 15:41.766 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
on telephone poles that,
"If you are Japanese

15:41.866 --> 15:45.466 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
that live from this street
to this area,

15:45.566 --> 15:47.933 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
you will report to Santa Anita

15:48.033 --> 15:50.700 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
with just what you could
carry by hand,"

15:50.800 --> 15:53.566 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:35%
your suitcase,
one suitcase, that's it.

15:53.666 --> 15:55.700 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:50%
(newsreel announcer)
Santa Anita Racetrack,
for example,

15:55.800 --> 15:59.433 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5%
suddenly became a community
of about 17,000 persons.

15:59.533 --> 16:01.400 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
The Army provided housing

16:01.500 --> 16:04.066 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
and plenty of healthful,
nourishing food for all.

16:04.166 --> 16:06.133 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:35%
(quirky music)

16:06.233 --> 16:09.400 align:start position:17.5% line:74% size:17.5%
(Keiko)
My cousin Bacon
was there in Santa Anita,

16:09.500 --> 16:11.133 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
and he remembers
the horse stalls

16:11.233 --> 16:12.933 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:42.5%
that some of them
had to be housed in

16:13.033 --> 16:16.533 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:62.5%
before the barracks came,
and the smell was just horrible.

16:16.633 --> 16:19.033 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:35%
When my mother
and my grandmother

16:19.133 --> 16:21.566 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
went past Santa Anita,

16:21.666 --> 16:25.266 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
and they noticed barbed wire,

16:25.366 --> 16:27.300 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:52.5%
the guards facing in,

16:27.400 --> 16:30.166 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
and all of these Japanese.

16:30.266 --> 16:32.166 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:35%
(somber music)

16:32.266 --> 16:34.400 align:start position:87.5% line:10% size:2.5%
♪

16:34.500 --> 16:36.666 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:32.5%
For my mother
and my grandmother,

16:36.766 --> 16:40.866 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:42.5%
when they went to
the Pomona Fairgrounds,

16:40.966 --> 16:45.100 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
waiting to be processed,

16:45.200 --> 16:48.933 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:47.5%
my mother remembers
how humiliating it was.

16:49.033 --> 16:51.800 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:32.5%
At that time,
she was about 18, 19,

16:51.900 --> 16:55.233 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:40%
had just started
at Pasadena City College,

16:55.333 --> 16:57.866 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
and my mother--
they had a ceremony,

16:57.966 --> 17:00.466 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
"Goodbye to the Japanese."

17:00.566 --> 17:04.033 align:start position:15% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
In Route 66 communities
across Southern California,

17:04.133 --> 17:06.033 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:77.5%
many Japanese-American families

17:06.133 --> 17:09.300 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:45%
lost what they had
worked so hard to build.

17:09.400 --> 17:11.966 align:start position:87.5% line:10% size:2.5%
♪

17:12.066 --> 17:15.900 align:start position:12.5% line:74% size:17.5%
(Keiko)
My grandfather had a gas pump
on the property,

17:16.000 --> 17:18.533 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:30%
and Mr. Good
was a representative

17:18.633 --> 17:19.966 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:42.5%
for Standard Oil,

17:20.066 --> 17:22.300 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
but he was just a lovely man,

17:22.400 --> 17:26.133 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:77.5%
and my grandfather and Mr. Good
just really hit it off

17:26.233 --> 17:27.666 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
and became very good friends.

17:27.766 --> 17:33.633 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
And when the executive order
that Roosevelt had issued,

17:33.733 --> 17:37.600 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
because of the Japanese
being a threat,

17:37.700 --> 17:41.433 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:35%
he most likely
contacted Mr. Good,

17:41.533 --> 17:43.366 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:77.5%
and gave him power of attorney.

17:43.466 --> 17:46.000 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:47.5%
Mr. Good rented out
the property,

17:46.100 --> 17:49.300 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:47.5%
and during the time
that my mother

17:49.400 --> 17:56.100 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:47.5%
and my grandparents
were in the concentration camps,

17:56.200 --> 18:00.633 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:80%
he sent them the monthly checks.

18:00.733 --> 18:03.733 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
But many families
lost everything.

18:07.000 --> 18:09.366 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:35%
(somber music)

18:09.466 --> 18:11.200 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
Wartime work
on the domestic front

18:11.300 --> 18:13.033 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:35%
was dangerous.

18:13.133 --> 18:16.233 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55%
Between 1941 and 1945,

18:16.333 --> 18:17.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5%
in the Air Force alone,

18:18.033 --> 18:20.333 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
there were almost
14,000 fatalities

18:20.433 --> 18:23.933 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
within the continental U.S.,

18:24.033 --> 18:25.566 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
often leaving women bereft

18:25.666 --> 18:28.466 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
and with the responsibility
of mourning the dead.

18:28.566 --> 18:30.166 align:start position:87.5% line:10% size:2.5%
♪

18:30.266 --> 18:33.700 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5%
Miami is right here
where we are.

18:33.800 --> 18:37.733 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
World War II, in many ways,
has become a romantic era.

18:37.833 --> 18:41.833 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:45%
We look back on it
as a golden age of ethics,

18:41.933 --> 18:43.633 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65%
a golden age of sacrifice.

18:43.733 --> 18:46.100 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
The war is also
a pressure cooker for romance

18:46.200 --> 18:48.733 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
in the sense that
you have relationships

18:48.833 --> 18:51.700 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:47.5%
between individuals
who may not

18:51.800 --> 18:53.433 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:52.5%
see each other again.

18:53.533 --> 18:55.933 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:50%
Well, a little slice
of Britain right here.

18:56.033 --> 18:57.833 align:start position:42.5% line:79.33% size:12.5%
-Mhm.
-Yeah.

18:57.933 --> 19:00.333 align:start position:12.5% line:74% size:20%
(Andrew)
For all intents and purposes,
this is British soil.

19:00.433 --> 19:02.433 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:17.5%
(Nancy)
The British were here to train

19:02.533 --> 19:05.266 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:42.5%
because the skies
were so dangerous there.

19:05.366 --> 19:08.566 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
There were so many fatalities.

19:08.666 --> 19:10.733 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
They--they're--
while they were training,

19:10.833 --> 19:13.400 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
they would get,
you know, shot down,

19:13.500 --> 19:15.300 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
and they were losing
so many cadets

19:15.400 --> 19:17.533 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
before they could ever
get 'em trained.

19:17.633 --> 19:20.766 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
So, the United Kingdom
made arrangements

19:20.866 --> 19:24.633 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:55%
with the United States
to place training facilities

19:24.733 --> 19:26.666 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
here in the States
for their boys.

19:26.766 --> 19:29.000 align:start position:10% line:10% size:80%
The most intriguing part of this

19:29.100 --> 19:32.766 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:37.5%
is the--the way
the city of Miami

19:32.866 --> 19:35.533 align:start position:30% line:10% size:40%
just reached out
to these cadets

19:35.633 --> 19:38.500 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
and embraced them
with open arms,

19:38.600 --> 19:39.900 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
and welcomed them,

19:40.000 --> 19:41.966 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
and welcomed them
into their homes,

19:42.066 --> 19:44.300 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:35%
and, you know,
took 'em to church,

19:44.400 --> 19:46.833 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
and had Sunday dinners
with them.

19:46.933 --> 19:48.966 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:20%
(Andrew)
Here we are
on Route 66 behind us.

19:49.066 --> 19:52.000 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
You had a--RAF soldiers

19:52.100 --> 19:54.700 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:27.5%
living here
amongst this small town,

19:54.800 --> 19:58.066 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:80%
and the small town took to them,
like, it was unbelievable.

19:58.166 --> 20:00.733 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:77.5%
In fact, one of the stories is,
the boys were busy

20:00.833 --> 20:04.266 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5%
every night of the week
with constant invites.

20:04.366 --> 20:07.033 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5%
In fact, if you look through,
there's a nice advertisement

20:07.133 --> 20:11.300 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:60%
for "The Coleman Theater
welcomes the RAF pilots."

20:11.400 --> 20:14.833 align:start position:10% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
Some of the young Brits
who traveled to Miami, Oklahoma,

20:14.933 --> 20:16.866 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:32.5%
were confused
when they got there,

20:16.966 --> 20:20.266 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:60%
having thought they were
on their way to Miami, Florida.

20:20.366 --> 20:22.266 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:42.5%
(engine whirring)

20:22.366 --> 20:24.133 align:start position:87.5% line:10% size:2.5%
♪

20:24.233 --> 20:28.266 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
Frances Hill's story actually
is fairly well known to Miami.

20:28.366 --> 20:31.766 align:start position:10% line:74% size:17.5%
(Nancy)
Her daughter fell in love
with one of the British cadets.

20:31.866 --> 20:35.033 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:12.5%
-Wow.
-And he finished his training,

20:35.133 --> 20:37.666 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
got his wings, and then, um,

20:37.766 --> 20:40.733 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:65%
from that point, you know,
he left and went on to war,

20:40.833 --> 20:43.566 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:55%
and it wasn't but just
a very short time after that

20:43.666 --> 20:45.400 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:42.5%
he actually died.

20:45.500 --> 20:47.366 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:47.5%
-His plane crashed.
-In the English Channel,

20:47.466 --> 20:48.933 align:start position:37.5% line:79.33% size:22.5%
-correct?
-Yeah.

20:49.033 --> 20:51.966 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:77.5%
So, it devastated her daughter,

20:52.066 --> 20:54.266 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
and she also, in the meantime,

20:54.366 --> 20:58.133 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
had grown such a fondness
to all the British kids,

20:58.233 --> 21:01.300 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
you know, British cadets,
because they--

21:01.400 --> 21:03.600 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
she would welcome them
into her home,

21:03.700 --> 21:07.433 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:32.5%
and gave them
that little piece of home life

21:07.533 --> 21:10.633 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:40%
that they missed
from being over here.

21:10.733 --> 21:14.033 align:start position:17.5% line:74% size:20%
(Andrew)
Most of the deaths,
obviously, are accidents.

21:14.133 --> 21:15.733 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:35%
I think I read
some of them were at night,

21:15.833 --> 21:18.266 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:30%
but do you--
is there an overarching...

21:18.366 --> 21:19.800 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:12.5%
(man)
We've had some at night.

21:19.900 --> 21:23.466 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:42.5%
We had two planes
actually crash into each other.

21:23.566 --> 21:25.900 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:17.5%
(Nancy)
Mhm, and killed all four.

21:26.000 --> 21:27.766 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:35%
Whenever they,
you know, would pass,

21:27.866 --> 21:30.433 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:47.5%
she would always go
to their funerals.

21:30.533 --> 21:32.966 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:35%
She would walk
the railroad tracks

21:33.066 --> 21:36.333 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
that run along through here
from her house,

21:36.433 --> 21:39.666 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
and carry flowers
from her garden,

21:39.766 --> 21:42.533 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:30%
and come out
and decorate these graves.

21:42.633 --> 21:44.200 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:47.5%
(mellow jazz music)

21:44.300 --> 21:46.166 align:start position:25% line:74% size:12.5%
(man)
She tended it--them
up to her death.

21:46.266 --> 21:48.500 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
She was awarded, uh, a medal.

21:48.600 --> 21:50.533 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
-The King's Medal
-King's Medal

21:50.633 --> 21:52.733 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:47.5%
from King George VI

21:52.833 --> 21:55.100 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:32.5%
for basically
taking care of these boys

21:55.200 --> 21:56.866 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:32.5%
for 40 years.

21:56.966 --> 21:59.000 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:20%
(Andrew)
"Frances May Hill of Miami--

21:59.100 --> 22:01.366 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
Miami, buried alongside
voluntarily tended

22:01.466 --> 22:03.966 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:20%
these 15
British airmen's graves,

22:04.066 --> 22:07.600 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
and helped their loved ones
from 1941 to 1981."

22:07.700 --> 22:11.066 align:start position:20% line:74% size:17.5%
(Nancy)
I believe they called it
a selfless human action.

22:11.166 --> 22:14.466 align:start position:87.5% line:10% size:2.5%
♪

22:14.566 --> 22:16.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:25%
(narrator)
Even after paying
the highest price

22:16.333 --> 22:18.233 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5%
for one's country, however,

22:18.333 --> 22:21.433 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70%
soldiers were not guaranteed
equal treatment.

22:21.533 --> 22:25.700 align:start position:12.5% line:74% size:20%
(Judith)
The ultimate sacrifice
was, of course, the death of--

22:25.800 --> 22:28.066 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:27.5%
of Juvenal,

22:28.166 --> 22:29.800 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
uh, in the Second World War.

22:29.900 --> 22:32.366 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:15%
(Ruth)
I remember
I was in a dead sleep,

22:32.466 --> 22:35.466 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:47.5%
and all of a sudden
I heard my mother screaming

22:35.566 --> 22:37.366 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
and hollering and crying,

22:37.466 --> 22:39.866 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
and I got up, and, uh,

22:39.966 --> 22:43.066 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
it was a phone call
letting my mother know

22:43.166 --> 22:48.066 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:27.5%
of the, uh,
death of my brother, Juvenal,

22:48.166 --> 22:51.033 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
and I remember jumping up
and going up there,

22:51.133 --> 22:53.600 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
and my dad was there
with my mother,

22:53.700 --> 22:55.600 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
and they were both crying,

22:55.700 --> 22:57.400 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
and I didn't know
what was going on.

22:57.500 --> 22:59.633 align:start position:25% line:10% size:35%
He was a cadet
in Des Moines, Iowa,

22:59.733 --> 23:04.333 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5%
in the Air Force, and he died
in a boating accident.

23:04.433 --> 23:09.433 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
When his body was brought home
to San Bernardino, California,

23:09.533 --> 23:13.266 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:40%
and arrangements
were being made for his burial,

23:13.366 --> 23:16.200 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:35%
my father went
and made the arrangements

23:16.300 --> 23:17.833 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:40%
for the funeral.

23:17.933 --> 23:20.466 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
My father was fair-skinned,
so they thought

23:20.566 --> 23:23.533 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
he was maybe something else
that he wasn't.

23:23.633 --> 23:25.066 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:37.5%
My mother comes

23:25.166 --> 23:27.200 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
to make the final selection
of the coffin.

23:27.300 --> 23:29.700 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
My mother's a bit darker.

23:29.800 --> 23:31.966 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
And according to my mother,

23:32.066 --> 23:35.366 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
they asked me, "What are you,
are you Mexican?"

23:35.466 --> 23:37.633 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:47.5%
And she said, "Si."

23:37.733 --> 23:39.800 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:80%
And they said, "Oh, we're sorry,

23:39.900 --> 23:42.300 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:80%
Mexicans cannot be buried here."

23:42.400 --> 23:44.033 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
There's another section
for Mexicans,

23:44.133 --> 23:45.466 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
which was behind the fence.

23:45.566 --> 23:46.766 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:35%
So, my father,

23:46.866 --> 23:49.600 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
he was strong-willed person,

23:49.700 --> 23:53.900 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
principled man,
fought for what is right,

23:54.000 --> 23:56.400 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
and he said, "If my son
can't be buried here,

23:56.500 --> 23:58.066 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
we're not burying him,"

23:58.166 --> 24:02.466 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:27.5%
and we took
my brother's body home.

24:02.566 --> 24:04.600 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:42.5%
I remember he was
in our living room.

24:04.700 --> 24:06.833 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:22.5%
-Oh, yes.
-It was just, kind of you go by,

24:06.933 --> 24:08.133 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
and there's, you know,
your brother

24:08.233 --> 24:10.466 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
sitting in a coffin,
open coffin.

24:10.566 --> 24:12.866 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
Um, it seemed forever,

24:12.966 --> 24:14.766 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:45%
but I guess it was
maybe a week or so.

24:14.866 --> 24:17.700 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
It was just unusual,

24:17.800 --> 24:21.200 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
but then I also understood
at that young age

24:21.300 --> 24:23.433 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:77.5%
the courage that my father had,
because my mother

24:23.533 --> 24:26.100 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
wanted him buried
at a certain spot,

24:26.200 --> 24:30.100 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:55%
and he was not allowed
because he was Mexican,

24:30.200 --> 24:32.933 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:40%
and he had to be
in another part of the cemetery.

24:33.033 --> 24:35.700 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
So, I--I was really proud
of my parents

24:35.800 --> 24:37.133 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:52.5%
taking that position.

24:37.233 --> 24:39.766 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
And then, Mike, you remember,
he contacted Harry Sheppard,

24:39.866 --> 24:41.133 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:40%
our congressman,

24:41.233 --> 24:42.900 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
so then Harry Sheppard said,
"Okay, we'll take him

24:43.000 --> 24:45.200 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:52.5%
to Arlington," right?

24:45.300 --> 24:47.100 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
Arlington in Washington.

24:47.200 --> 24:48.600 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
My mother was devastated.

24:48.700 --> 24:51.200 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:55%
She says, "No, no, no,
I want my son buried here

24:51.300 --> 24:53.066 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:42.5%
in his hometown."

24:53.166 --> 24:56.933 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:55%
So, he was not buried,
he--he didn't go to Arlington,

24:57.033 --> 25:00.600 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:35%
and ultimately
he integrated the cemetery.

25:00.700 --> 25:03.100 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
And the parents
who lost a son in the war

25:03.200 --> 25:04.833 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:52.5%
received a Gold Star.

25:04.933 --> 25:07.666 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:32.5%
So, my mother
was a Gold Star Mother,

25:07.766 --> 25:09.500 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
and this is the letter
that she received

25:09.600 --> 25:11.566 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:77.5%
from Franklin Delano Roosevelt,

25:11.666 --> 25:14.100 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
who was the president
at the time.

25:14.200 --> 25:17.033 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:37.5%
"Freedom lives,
and through it, he lives

25:17.133 --> 25:19.700 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:52.5%
in a way that humbles

25:19.800 --> 25:22.500 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
the undertakings of most men."

25:22.600 --> 25:25.733 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:40%
Signed President
Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

25:25.833 --> 25:27.800 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
My mother treasured this.

25:27.900 --> 25:30.766 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:15%
(Ruth)
I was so stricken.

25:30.866 --> 25:33.966 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:32.5%
I do remember
saving my--my money,

25:34.066 --> 25:37.633 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
and, uh, wanting to do
something very special

25:37.733 --> 25:39.866 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:42.5%
for our veterans.

25:39.966 --> 25:41.933 align:start position:17.5% line:74% size:50%
(ghost of a soldier)
The value of these things
can't be measured

25:42.033 --> 25:43.700 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:42.5%
in ordinary ways,

25:43.800 --> 25:47.533 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:50%
but must be paid for
in dollars and cents,

25:47.633 --> 25:50.500 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
and sometimes in lives.

25:50.600 --> 25:52.433 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:47.5%
Freedom comes high.

25:52.533 --> 25:55.966 align:start position:10% line:74% size:15%
(Ruth)
And so, when I had enough money,
I remember asking,

25:56.066 --> 25:57.866 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
"Do I not have enough
for a bond?"

25:57.966 --> 26:01.333 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5%
And, uh, I remember being told,
"Yes, you do."

26:01.433 --> 26:04.733 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5%
And so, I was in school
at that point,

26:04.833 --> 26:08.666 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
and I remember these reporters
coming to the school,

26:08.766 --> 26:13.133 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
and they had me put my--
my piggy bank there,

26:13.233 --> 26:15.700 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
and they wanted
to take pictures.

26:15.800 --> 26:17.700 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
And so, as a result,

26:17.800 --> 26:19.833 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
there I am, there,

26:19.933 --> 26:22.366 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:32.5%
ready to, uh,
break my piggy bank,

26:22.466 --> 26:23.933 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
which is that one,

26:24.033 --> 26:29.333 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
to get this special bond for--
to help our veterans.

26:29.433 --> 26:31.433 align:start position:20% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
The end of the war
challenged the advances

26:31.533 --> 26:35.166 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:77.5%
women had made in the workplace
along Route 66.

26:35.266 --> 26:36.966 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:47.5%
(mellow rock music)

26:37.066 --> 26:38.900 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:27.5%
(announcer)
Each trip upstairs
is the equivalent

26:39.000 --> 26:42.100 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:25%
of lifting
her own weight 12 feet.

26:42.200 --> 26:44.466 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
And at the rate
of 20 trips a day,

26:44.566 --> 26:47.733 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:35%
that's lifting
about 12 tons of weight.

26:47.833 --> 26:50.200 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
Who said "weaker sex"?

26:50.300 --> 26:53.566 align:start position:12.5% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
Women were expected to resume
being full-time homemakers

26:53.666 --> 26:55.300 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:27.5%
so that men
could take back the jobs

26:55.400 --> 26:57.400 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
they had previously enjoyed.

26:57.500 --> 26:59.433 align:start position:87.5% line:10% size:2.5%
♪

26:59.533 --> 27:03.233 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:20%
(Lyndia)
My uncle joined
the United States Army

27:03.333 --> 27:06.266 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
just before Pearl Harbor.

27:06.366 --> 27:08.933 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:77.5%
My mother, she ran the business

27:09.033 --> 27:12.466 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
until the end of World War II,
alone.

27:12.566 --> 27:15.600 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
She was chronically exhausted.

27:15.700 --> 27:17.733 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
It was such hard work.

27:17.833 --> 27:21.966 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50%
She was in the store
seven days a week.

27:22.066 --> 27:26.633 align:start position:20% line:10% size:52.5%
She had to take trips
to New York periodically

27:26.733 --> 27:30.133 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:47.5%
to get merchandise.

27:30.233 --> 27:32.966 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
She was dealing with people

27:33.066 --> 27:35.933 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:80%
who didn't have very much money,

27:36.033 --> 27:39.066 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
so that was layaway.

27:39.166 --> 27:41.233 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
During the summer,

27:41.333 --> 27:44.700 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
she would store fur coats

27:44.800 --> 27:48.733 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
in a separate building
that was cold storage,

27:48.833 --> 27:51.666 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
and it was the Dust Bowl,

27:51.766 --> 27:56.000 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:47.5%
so she had to clean
the shop every day,

27:56.100 --> 27:58.300 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:77.5%
clean the dust off the windows,

27:58.400 --> 28:00.266 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:40%
which was a lot,

28:00.366 --> 28:06.066 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
and then manage her household
when she came home from work.

28:06.166 --> 28:11.800 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
Her brother, he met a woman
in New York City

28:11.900 --> 28:15.300 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
as soon as he came back
from the war,

28:15.400 --> 28:20.200 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65%
so he returned to Amarillo

28:20.300 --> 28:27.033 align:start position:35% line:10% size:17.5%
in 1945
with a wife.

28:27.133 --> 28:31.500 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
Now...during the time
he had been gone,

28:31.600 --> 28:33.533 align:start position:37.5% line:84.67% size:25%
my mother,

28:33.633 --> 28:37.333 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
even though she was
running the business,

28:37.433 --> 28:40.300 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
really didn't have access

28:40.400 --> 28:43.966 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
to credit in her own name.

28:44.066 --> 28:48.366 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:60%
She was doing everything
on behalf of her brother.

28:48.466 --> 28:52.466 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
As soon as he came home
with a wife,

28:52.566 --> 28:54.866 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
he looked over the books,

28:54.966 --> 28:57.833 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:50%
and said, "Thank you
for taking care of the business

28:57.933 --> 28:59.600 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:52.5%
while I've been gone.

28:59.700 --> 29:02.966 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
I'm going to take over now."

29:03.066 --> 29:06.066 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:47.5%
He decided how much

29:06.166 --> 29:11.033 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
her half of the business
was worth,

29:11.133 --> 29:13.600 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:52.5%
he wrote her a check,

29:13.700 --> 29:17.400 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
and he gave her
a one-way bus ticket

29:17.500 --> 29:20.566 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
to her father in Los Angeles.

29:20.666 --> 29:22.900 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
(honky-tonk piano music)

29:23.000 --> 29:25.800 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
My mother was not really happy

29:25.900 --> 29:30.200 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
about the way her brother
had negotiated

29:30.300 --> 29:34.400 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:25%
the "sale"
of her share of the business.

29:34.500 --> 29:38.100 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:42.5%
In spite of being
a decorated war veteran,

29:38.200 --> 29:42.333 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
my Uncle Saul could not join

29:42.433 --> 29:46.133 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:27.5%
the various
veterans' organizations.

29:46.233 --> 29:49.966 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:50%
He was excluded from
the chamber of commerce.

29:50.066 --> 29:53.833 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
There was major anti-Semitism
in Texas.

29:53.933 --> 29:59.866 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
There were some stories
about loans

29:59.966 --> 30:04.066 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
either not being available
to maintain the business,

30:04.166 --> 30:07.100 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
or his interest rate

30:07.200 --> 30:09.733 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:30%
being higher
than it would've been

30:09.833 --> 30:13.733 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:35%
if he had been
a church-going man.

30:13.833 --> 30:18.066 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:50%
And that was similar
to what would've happened

30:18.166 --> 30:20.466 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:35%
if he had been
Hispanic or Black.

30:20.566 --> 30:24.700 align:start position:15% line:74% size:50%
(newsreel announcer)
All this can't keep a fellow
from putting down his ideas.

30:24.800 --> 30:27.100 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
Something is going
to add up here.

30:27.200 --> 30:28.900 align:start position:37.5% line:84.67% size:22.5%
(gunshot)

30:29.000 --> 30:32.433 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
His own air conditioned castle
with a deep freeze,

30:32.533 --> 30:34.266 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:40%
cooler for beer.

30:34.366 --> 30:36.100 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
While the Nazis
had been defeated,

30:36.200 --> 30:37.933 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
anti-Semitism had not.

30:38.033 --> 30:39.500 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
Despite this obstacle,

30:39.600 --> 30:41.566 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
along the Mother Road
in Albuquerque,

30:41.666 --> 30:44.033 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
there was a well-established
Jewish community,

30:44.133 --> 30:45.533 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
in which women entrepreneurs

30:45.633 --> 30:48.233 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
played a prominent role
in business.

30:48.333 --> 30:51.566 align:start position:15% line:10% size:17.5%
(Helen)
I was born
and spent my first 18 years

30:51.666 --> 30:54.600 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:37.5%
in Albuquerque,
and I lived very close

30:54.700 --> 30:58.433 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:40%
to the Downtown,
which was my, uh, hangout.

30:58.533 --> 31:00.800 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
(mellow piano music)

31:00.900 --> 31:03.466 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:12.5%
(Ann)
We moved here in 1940,

31:03.566 --> 31:07.800 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:37.5%
and had a store
Downtown Albuquerque.

31:07.900 --> 31:10.900 align:start position:17.5% line:74% size:20%
(Sharon)
This became
an important spot for you.

31:11.000 --> 31:12.466 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
-Now, why is that?
-Well,

31:12.566 --> 31:14.066 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
this was Everitt Jewelers.

31:14.166 --> 31:18.400 align:start position:17.5% line:74% size:12.5%
(Ann)
We bought it from
the original Mr. Everitt.

31:18.500 --> 31:20.333 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:40%
We sold jewelry.

31:20.433 --> 31:22.800 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:30%
We still had
a dollar-down,

31:22.900 --> 31:25.166 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
dollar-a-week type thing.

31:25.266 --> 31:27.933 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:47.5%
So, you got to know
your customers pretty well.

31:28.033 --> 31:31.566 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
Oh, I washed the glass windows
in the morning

31:31.666 --> 31:34.566 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:47.5%
and swept the floor
and kept the books

31:34.666 --> 31:38.366 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
and waited on customers.

31:38.466 --> 31:40.266 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
Did a little of everything.

31:40.366 --> 31:43.266 align:start position:20% line:74% size:17.5%
(Helen)
Well, my parents moved
to Albuquerque in 1933.

31:43.366 --> 31:44.866 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
It was the height
of the Depression,

31:44.966 --> 31:47.900 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
and my father went to work
for Maisel's,

31:48.000 --> 31:51.233 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
and he worked for Maisel's
for several years.

31:51.333 --> 31:55.200 align:start position:25% line:74% size:20%
(Sharon)
This building
was created in 1939,

31:55.300 --> 31:58.633 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:55%
and it was in its time
the largest trading post

31:58.733 --> 32:01.533 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
on the route, and it is
particularly distinguished

32:01.633 --> 32:05.333 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
on the exterior for the murals
that were painted

32:05.433 --> 32:08.566 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
by the young students
at the time

32:08.666 --> 32:11.633 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30%
of the IAIA,

32:11.733 --> 32:14.166 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5%
the Indian art school
in Santa Fe,

32:14.266 --> 32:18.700 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65%
and many of the best-known
Indian artists,

32:18.800 --> 32:23.433 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:70%
people who went on to become
groundbreaking Indian artists,

32:23.533 --> 32:25.733 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
actually painted these murals.

32:25.833 --> 32:28.600 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
This is the only building
on the Mother Road

32:28.700 --> 32:31.200 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
decorated by Native Americans,

32:31.300 --> 32:34.100 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
and among the murals
that are here

32:34.200 --> 32:36.900 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
is one by Pablita Velarde,

32:37.000 --> 32:39.033 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
who became the matriarch

32:39.133 --> 32:42.900 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
of a very, very well-known
Indian artist family.

32:43.000 --> 32:44.766 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:35%
(mellow music)

32:44.866 --> 32:48.200 align:start position:17.5% line:74% size:17.5%
(Helen)
My father turned out to be
a wonderful salesman,

32:48.300 --> 32:51.566 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
and with a real knack
for Indian jewelry,

32:51.666 --> 32:55.433 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
and he opened his own store
about a block away,

32:55.533 --> 32:57.300 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
across from the KiMo Theater,

32:57.400 --> 32:59.533 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:77.5%
called the Navajo Indian Store.

32:59.633 --> 33:00.966 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
There were several
Jewish merchants

33:01.066 --> 33:03.133 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
in Downtown Albuquerque.

33:03.233 --> 33:05.966 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
One of them was a woman,
Mary Cohen,

33:06.066 --> 33:09.800 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
and, uh, they had a wonderful
women's dress shop

33:09.900 --> 33:12.900 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
in Downtown Albuquerque
called Jordan's,

33:13.000 --> 33:17.700 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
and that was the main store
where I did my shopping,

33:17.800 --> 33:20.100 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
and bringing things home
on approval.

33:20.200 --> 33:23.133 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
And then, there was a woman
named Jean Marcus,

33:23.233 --> 33:25.633 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
and she and her husband
had moved to Albuquerque

33:25.733 --> 33:27.100 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:35%
from New York,

33:27.200 --> 33:30.166 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:47.5%
and she had a store
on Central Avenue

33:30.266 --> 33:32.466 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
called Accessories by Jean,

33:32.566 --> 33:35.833 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
and it was all costume jewelry

33:35.933 --> 33:38.733 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
and handbags and accessories.

33:38.833 --> 33:41.800 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:47.5%
And she was a woman
of great style,

33:41.900 --> 33:44.000 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:30%
and the fact
that she was from New York

33:44.100 --> 33:47.433 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
was very impressive to me.

33:47.533 --> 33:50.700 align:start position:10% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
Success and business on Route 66
did now, however, translate

33:50.800 --> 33:53.566 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:55%
into being able to buy
the house of your dreams.

33:53.666 --> 33:55.733 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5%
Discrimination by banks
against women,

33:55.833 --> 33:58.000 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
and anyone who wasn't
considered white,

33:58.100 --> 34:00.833 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
-was commonplace.
-Then, in 1953,

34:00.933 --> 34:03.700 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
Second Street became
Eastbound Route 66,

34:03.800 --> 34:05.533 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
and just to the north of that,

34:05.633 --> 34:09.733 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:30%
Third Street
became Westbound Route 66.

34:09.833 --> 34:12.433 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75%
Historically, Winslow did have

34:12.533 --> 34:16.833 align:start position:10% line:10% size:27.5%
a degree of
de facto segregation in housing.

34:16.933 --> 34:19.733 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
Banks would only make loans
to people of color

34:19.833 --> 34:21.366 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:25%
to live in
certain parts of town.

34:21.466 --> 34:23.033 align:start position:20% line:74% size:22.5%
(Spencer)
A realtor wouldn't sell
the property to my dad

34:23.133 --> 34:25.466 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
unless we went around
to all the neighbors

34:25.566 --> 34:27.866 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:42.5%
in about a three-
or four-block radius,

34:27.966 --> 34:29.633 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
and asked if it was okay
for a Chinese family

34:29.733 --> 34:31.300 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75%
to move into the neighborhood.

34:31.400 --> 34:33.133 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
At that point, though,
I think there were

34:33.233 --> 34:36.500 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:57.5%
probably about 14 or 15
Chinese families in Winslow.

34:36.600 --> 34:38.866 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
My mother Linda
moved to Winslow,

34:38.966 --> 34:41.933 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:45%
uh, with my father
shortly after they were married,

34:42.033 --> 34:43.366 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
right after World War II.

34:43.466 --> 34:46.866 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:70%
It was an arranged marriage,
and so they came over on a ship

34:46.966 --> 34:48.966 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:32.5%
in, uh, 1947,

34:49.066 --> 34:51.333 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:47.5%
I was born in 1948.

34:51.433 --> 34:54.800 align:start position:15% line:10% size:52.5%
Route 66 was a source
of livelihood for the city.

34:54.900 --> 34:56.966 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5%
Brought in all the tourism.

34:57.066 --> 34:58.733 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:32.5%
The railroads
had a big maintenance yard

34:58.833 --> 35:00.300 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:27.5%
in Winslow.

35:00.400 --> 35:03.566 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:35%
So we grew up,
um, in a grocery store

35:03.666 --> 35:05.066 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
that was on First Street,

35:05.166 --> 35:07.800 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
which was right across
some railroad tracks.

35:07.900 --> 35:09.666 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:45%
My dad was already
a naturalized citizen

35:09.766 --> 35:11.500 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:80%
through his service in the Army,

35:11.600 --> 35:13.566 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:42.5%
and so I remember
coming home one day,

35:13.666 --> 35:15.400 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
and my dad said, "Okay,

35:15.500 --> 35:17.300 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:32.5%
your mother's
gotta speak English.

35:17.400 --> 35:19.333 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
No more Chinese at home."

35:19.433 --> 35:22.100 align:start position:87.5% line:10% size:2.5%
♪

35:22.200 --> 35:25.166 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
So, one of the first things
that they did was the--

35:25.266 --> 35:27.900 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:80%
uh, they enrolled her in school.

35:28.000 --> 35:31.266 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
My mother's sitting
in a 6th grade class,

35:31.366 --> 35:33.866 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
learning English,
and so she learned English

35:33.966 --> 35:35.933 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:27.5%
for about--
I think she stayed there

35:36.033 --> 35:37.266 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:42.5%
for about a year.

35:37.366 --> 35:39.733 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
She passed citizenship test,
naturalization test,

35:39.833 --> 35:42.900 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
with flying colors, and, uh,

35:43.000 --> 35:45.233 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
she would sometimes help out
in the grocery store.

35:47.766 --> 35:49.533 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
My parents were determined
that all four of us kids

35:49.633 --> 35:50.866 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
were gonna go off to college.

35:50.966 --> 35:53.600 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:50%
My dad realized that
working in a grocery store

35:53.700 --> 35:55.066 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
wasn't gonna cut it,

35:55.166 --> 35:57.500 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
so he took a gamble,

35:57.600 --> 36:00.300 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:50%
bought some property
and built a drive-in restaurant,

36:00.400 --> 36:02.900 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:45%
a hamburger stand,
Freddie's Drive-In.

36:03.000 --> 36:05.733 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:57.5%
And so, he said, "Okay,
I'm gonna work at the store,

36:05.833 --> 36:08.400 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:40%
and Mom is going
to run the restaurant.

36:08.500 --> 36:10.066 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:42.5%
Next thing I know
my mom was trying to figure out

36:10.166 --> 36:11.933 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
how to cook hamburgers,

36:12.033 --> 36:15.166 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:45%
how to cook tacos,
how to make French fries,

36:15.266 --> 36:16.766 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:32.5%
uh, you know,
this whole thing, and then--

36:16.866 --> 36:18.233 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
and how to manage people.

36:18.333 --> 36:20.966 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
Remember still seeing the ads.

36:21.066 --> 36:22.966 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:52.5%
"Three for a dollar."

36:23.066 --> 36:25.533 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
And you can buy that
and a 16-ounce drink

36:25.633 --> 36:27.133 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:32.5%
for 15 cents.

36:28.300 --> 36:30.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:42.5%
She actually made
a really good go of it,

36:30.700 --> 36:32.366 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5%
and, uh, to this day,
she invented

36:32.466 --> 36:34.400 align:start position:30% line:10% size:40%
something called
Freddie's tacos,

36:34.500 --> 36:36.566 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
which is considered a classic.

36:36.666 --> 36:38.966 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:50%
So, that helped fund
my college education,

36:39.066 --> 36:40.733 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
helped fund my brother's
and my sister's,

36:40.833 --> 36:42.166 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
and then--but my dad said,
"You know,

36:42.266 --> 36:43.700 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
we're still a little short."

36:43.800 --> 36:47.266 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
So, then he--right next to it
he built a laundromat,

36:47.366 --> 36:49.333 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:40%
and so my mother
would sort of watch out

36:49.433 --> 36:51.400 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
with the laundromat,
and the, uh--

36:51.500 --> 36:53.833 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
and the--and the restaurant
and do the cooking there.

36:53.933 --> 36:55.700 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
Their--their businesses
got a lot of traffic,

36:55.800 --> 36:58.966 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
got a lot of tourism
along Route 66.

36:59.066 --> 37:01.366 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
(traffic whirring)

37:01.466 --> 37:04.666 align:start position:17.5% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
Despite increased mobility
after World War II,

37:04.766 --> 37:07.800 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:52.5%
segregation was still
very much part of the landscape

37:07.900 --> 37:09.433 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30%
on Route 66.

37:09.533 --> 37:12.400 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:47.5%
(soft guitar music)

37:12.500 --> 37:17.700 align:start position:15% line:74% size:17.5%
(Larry)
The Spicer family
arrived in Monrovia in 1947.

37:17.800 --> 37:20.500 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
My dad came here on Route 66.

37:20.600 --> 37:22.866 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
My dad was able
to send for my mom.

37:22.966 --> 37:25.666 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:42.5%
(engine whirring)

37:25.766 --> 37:30.600 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:45%
From Walnut Street
to the railroad tracks,

37:30.700 --> 37:32.366 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70%
on the north and south side,

37:32.466 --> 37:37.533 align:start position:30% line:10% size:37.5%
and from Myrtle
to Mountain,

37:37.633 --> 37:39.333 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:30%
that's where
all the African Americans

37:39.433 --> 37:42.366 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
were located in Monrovia.

37:42.466 --> 37:44.366 align:start position:87.5% line:10% size:2.5%
♪

37:44.466 --> 37:49.633 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
We started traveling back
to Mississippi in '65.

37:49.733 --> 37:53.566 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
Traveling on Route 66,
prior to us leaving,

37:53.666 --> 37:58.166 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
they would put this
burlap sack bag in the front,

37:58.266 --> 38:00.433 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
because back in those days,
you know, the cars

38:00.533 --> 38:02.600 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:80%
weren't as good as they are now,

38:02.700 --> 38:04.800 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:45%
so that you needed
to carry some water,

38:04.900 --> 38:07.466 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:55%
and they would hook it
on the front of the car,

38:07.566 --> 38:10.633 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
so if the car ran hot,
you had your water.

38:10.733 --> 38:13.166 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
And so, we would ask my dad
about that all the time.

38:13.266 --> 38:15.333 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
You know, we were very curious
about the things

38:15.433 --> 38:17.566 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:45%
that he was doing,
and he would tell--

38:17.666 --> 38:19.600 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
he would call my mom--
her name was Geneva--

38:19.700 --> 38:22.400 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
"Geneva, come get these kids,
I'm trying to load up the car

38:22.500 --> 38:23.800 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:52.5%
and stuff," you know.

38:23.900 --> 38:25.633 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
We was--we were excited.

38:25.733 --> 38:27.933 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
My mom prepped all the food,

38:28.033 --> 38:29.600 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
you know, the clothing.

38:29.700 --> 38:32.733 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
She took care of everything.

38:32.833 --> 38:34.300 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:47.5%
My mom would drive,

38:34.400 --> 38:38.266 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:40%
but my mom, man,
she had a heavy foot.

38:38.366 --> 38:41.733 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:47.5%
She drove too fast,
my dad didn't like that.

38:41.833 --> 38:43.433 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:30%
My mom would
get on down the road,

38:43.533 --> 38:45.600 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
so he would drive the most.

38:45.700 --> 38:48.500 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:45%
We always traveled
with another family,

38:48.600 --> 38:51.500 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:32.5%
the Barneses,
so it was two families

38:51.600 --> 38:55.533 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:65%
driving behind one another
on Route 66 the whole time.

38:55.633 --> 38:59.033 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
On convoy, we would get to
these gas stations.

38:59.133 --> 39:01.633 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
My dad would take my sisters,

39:01.733 --> 39:03.433 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
you know, so they--
'cause he didn't want them

39:03.533 --> 39:05.966 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:80%
going out in the bushes like us,

39:06.066 --> 39:09.033 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
and, um, he would go
and stand out there,

39:09.133 --> 39:11.366 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
you know, him and my mom,

39:11.466 --> 39:15.133 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:40%
but he made sure
that he would gas up the car,

39:15.233 --> 39:17.633 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
and then he would park the car
over by the bathroom

39:17.733 --> 39:19.466 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:42.5%
so he can see us.

39:19.566 --> 39:21.433 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
You know, he didn't wanna
leave us alone.

39:21.533 --> 39:23.733 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
A couple of times, you know,
the people were

39:23.833 --> 39:27.300 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:40%
using the N-word
just over and over.

39:27.400 --> 39:30.433 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
My dad was just polite,
keep his head up,

39:30.533 --> 39:33.000 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:37.5%
got in the car,
and then he would talk to us

39:33.100 --> 39:36.733 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
while he's driving, you know,
about how bad people can be,

39:36.833 --> 39:39.766 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:67.5%
but you have to overlook it
because there's better people

39:39.866 --> 39:41.666 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:32.5%
in the world.

39:41.766 --> 39:45.100 align:start position:20% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
It was a new era,
and the American family,

39:45.200 --> 39:48.600 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:45%
united after years
of Depression and separation,

39:48.700 --> 39:51.566 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:77.5%
were eager to explore the West.

39:51.666 --> 39:54.200 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
They took Route 66 to do it.

39:54.300 --> 39:55.833 align:start position:15% line:74% size:20%
(Cynnie)
Yeah, I haven't seen
these pictures for a while.

39:55.933 --> 39:57.266 align:start position:20% line:74% size:17.5%
(Jamie)
Well, my favorite thing
are the little socks.

39:57.366 --> 39:59.200 align:start position:20% line:74% size:20%
(Cynnie)
Little socks--they were
loafers probably, right?

39:59.300 --> 40:01.133 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:15%
-Yeah.
-My thinking is,

40:01.233 --> 40:02.966 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:27.5%
they wanted
to come to California,

40:03.066 --> 40:05.766 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50%
and it was February,
so it's cold.

40:05.866 --> 40:08.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:17.5%
-Right.
-Um, and Route 66

40:08.333 --> 40:10.633 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:27.5%
was the way
you get to California.

40:10.733 --> 40:14.366 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:62.5%
My mother was a debutante
in society of Philadelphia.

40:14.466 --> 40:16.300 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
This Embassy Club
in Philadelphia,

40:16.400 --> 40:18.766 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:35%
they hired her
as the debutante of the dance.

40:18.866 --> 40:20.633 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
She wasn't a trained dancer.

40:20.733 --> 40:23.533 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:45%
My dad at the time
was at The Mask and Wig Club,

40:23.633 --> 40:26.100 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:45%
and he wrote songs
and danced and sang

40:26.200 --> 40:27.700 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:77.5%
and all that stuff at the club.

40:27.800 --> 40:29.800 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:80%
He's at the Embassy and he wants
to ask her to dance,

40:29.900 --> 40:31.300 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:35%
because she's,
you know, the star,

40:31.400 --> 40:33.666 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:42.5%
and he walks over
and asked her to dance,

40:33.766 --> 40:35.466 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
and she looked at him
and she went, "No."

40:35.566 --> 40:36.933 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
And then he left,
and someone said,

40:37.033 --> 40:38.400 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:52.5%
"Come on, do you know
that that's Bobby Troup,

40:38.500 --> 40:39.633 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
he's starring in The Mask."

40:39.733 --> 40:41.066 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
"Oh," and she marches
over to him and says,

40:41.166 --> 40:42.833 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
"Okay, let's dance."

40:42.933 --> 40:44.300 align:start position:10% line:10% size:80%
That's the kind of guts she had.

40:44.400 --> 40:47.000 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65%
No, I--I never called, uh,

40:47.100 --> 40:49.100 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5%
my granddad "Grandpa"
or anything.

40:49.200 --> 40:50.400 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5%
He was Bobby Troup.

40:50.500 --> 40:52.400 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
And then my grandma,
I call her Namok.

40:52.500 --> 40:54.333 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
The classic Route 66 story
that I know

40:54.433 --> 40:56.433 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:50%
was that Bobby Troup
and Namok were driving,

40:56.533 --> 40:57.733 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
you know, they're in the car,
they're ready to come

40:57.833 --> 41:00.100 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:35%
to California,
and they have a map,

41:00.200 --> 41:02.666 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
and Bobby Troup is gonna--

41:02.766 --> 41:04.100 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
you know, he's thinking
of songwriting,

41:04.200 --> 41:05.800 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:57.5%
you know, he's got that
in his mind, so he's gonna write

41:05.900 --> 41:07.500 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
about--a song about Route 40,

41:07.600 --> 41:09.166 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:37.5%
and she's like,
"No, that's not a good idea,

41:09.266 --> 41:10.966 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:32.5%
'cause, like,
it's only this long," right?

41:11.066 --> 41:13.900 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
So, she suggests, "You should
write about Route 66."

41:14.000 --> 41:17.200 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
And then, she leans over
and says,

41:17.300 --> 41:18.866 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
"Get your kicks on Route 66,"

41:18.966 --> 41:20.600 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:52.5%
and he's like, "Ah"--
like, that's how I imagine,

41:20.700 --> 41:22.266 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
so you know, in my mind,
as a kid, like,

41:22.366 --> 41:23.900 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:47.5%
he had a lightbulb,
and she's there.

41:24.000 --> 41:25.700 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:47.5%
You know, it's like
this perfect little partnership.

41:25.800 --> 41:28.766 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
And here's the book she wrote.

41:28.866 --> 41:31.100 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
Once I Was a Debutante.

41:31.200 --> 41:34.066 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:32.5%
Cynthia Hare,
she uses her maiden name.

41:34.166 --> 41:36.966 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
"Driving across country,
I studied the road map

41:37.066 --> 41:38.800 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
while Bobby drove the car.

41:38.900 --> 41:41.833 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
We followed Route 40
for a long time.

41:41.933 --> 41:44.800 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:55%
I said, 'Why don't you
write a song about Route 40?'

41:44.900 --> 41:47.466 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
'That's silly,' he said,
'we'll be on Route 66

41:47.566 --> 41:49.866 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:77.5%
most of the way to California.'

41:49.966 --> 41:52.866 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:40%
Silently I tried
to rhyme words with 'six.'

41:52.966 --> 41:55.633 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
Six, mix, picks, kicks.

41:55.733 --> 41:57.933 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
A lyric writer I'm not,

41:58.033 --> 42:00.433 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
but I came up with
'Get your kicks

42:00.533 --> 42:02.200 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:35%
on Route 66.'"

42:02.300 --> 42:04.433 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:80%
And of course he used that line,
and she always thought

42:04.533 --> 42:07.433 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
she should've been on
the, um, sheet music,

42:07.533 --> 42:09.666 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
that she--songwriting credit,
but she didn't.

42:09.766 --> 42:11.233 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:30%
Yeah, Jamie,
you--you've seen this map,

42:11.333 --> 42:13.500 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
and one of the fun things
I--I love about this,

42:13.600 --> 42:15.766 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
and it kinda describes
their personality.

42:15.866 --> 42:18.533 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:57.5%
If--you know--you know,
well, she's so not artistic,

42:18.633 --> 42:21.200 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:27.5%
-me either.
-But she clearly is.

42:21.300 --> 42:23.333 align:start position:15% line:74% size:20%
(Cynnie)
She is not, I mean, pasted--
no, I mean, come on.

42:23.433 --> 42:25.433 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:17.5%
(Jamie)
Look, she--she marked
where they started.

42:25.533 --> 42:26.466 align:start position:20% line:74% size:20%
(Cynnie)
Well, no, where the--
where the lyrics are...

42:26.566 --> 42:27.800 align:start position:40% line:79.33% size:17.5%
(Jamie)
Oh.

42:27.900 --> 42:29.733 align:start position:20% line:74% size:20%
(Cynnie)
Yep. "Oklahoma City
looks mighty pretty..."

42:29.833 --> 42:32.333 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:57.5%
I mean, these are the--
you know, they're 10 cities.

42:32.433 --> 42:34.300 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
The map is called
"the song map."

42:34.400 --> 42:37.000 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
She obviously made it
from a road map,

42:37.100 --> 42:38.533 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:80%
must've just cut the bottom out,

42:38.633 --> 42:42.033 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
and where Route 66 was,
traced it with a crayon.

42:42.133 --> 42:43.833 align:start position:20% line:74% size:17.5%
(Jamie)
She's pointing, I think,
just to California.

42:43.933 --> 42:45.200 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:25%
-Oh, sure.
-I wonder where that sign is.

42:45.300 --> 42:46.966 align:start position:15% line:74% size:20%
(Cynnie)
It must be
where you come in the state.

42:47.066 --> 42:48.766 align:start position:17.5% line:74% size:17.5%
(Jamie)
Well, it's the state line,
yeah, so that's exciting.

42:48.866 --> 42:51.166 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:20%
(Cynnie)
They're here, they made it.

42:51.266 --> 42:53.300 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
When they got here,
and he'd written some of it--

42:53.400 --> 42:54.833 align:start position:37.5% line:79.33% size:12.5%
-Mhm.
-And then,

42:54.933 --> 42:56.533 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:77.5%
they got to meet Nat King Cole,

42:56.633 --> 42:58.700 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
and they went down
to Music City,

42:58.800 --> 43:00.866 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:50%
and went into, like,
a record booth thing.

43:00.966 --> 43:03.800 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:77.5%
Route 66, lots of significance.

43:03.900 --> 43:06.700 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
What it did for the family,
for money and support,

43:06.800 --> 43:09.233 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
it, from what I understand,

43:09.333 --> 43:11.100 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
is my mom always said
it bought the house

43:11.200 --> 43:14.266 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
that we grew up in,
and I've reframed the map now,

43:14.366 --> 43:16.600 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
showing the back of it
where she wrote,

43:16.700 --> 43:17.933 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:22.5%
you know,
that it bought the house,

43:18.033 --> 43:21.333 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
and how much the house cost,
and what the taxes were.

43:21.433 --> 43:23.233 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:47.5%
(peppy piano music)

43:23.333 --> 43:25.366 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
She didn't want the divorce,
she was only 35.

43:25.466 --> 43:27.533 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
She dated some,
but nobody ever--

43:27.633 --> 43:29.366 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:40%
you know, he was
the man in her life,

43:29.466 --> 43:31.100 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:77.5%
I mean, until the day she died.

43:31.200 --> 43:33.200 align:start position:87.5% line:10% size:2.5%
♪

43:33.300 --> 43:34.933 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75%
You have the end of rationing,

43:35.033 --> 43:36.733 align:start position:22.5% line:15.33% size:52.5%
you have the end of--

43:36.833 --> 43:39.566 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:47.5%
of men being posted
away from their homes

43:39.666 --> 43:41.933 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
who wanna spend time
with families.

43:42.033 --> 43:44.500 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:32.5%
And they have
improved automobiles,

43:44.600 --> 43:46.633 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
and--and everything else,
so they pack up

43:46.733 --> 43:48.533 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:52.5%
and they go on trips.

43:48.633 --> 43:52.000 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:80%
People wanna go vacation and see
the great national parks,

43:52.100 --> 43:55.000 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
pop in the car,
and take Susie and Johnny,

43:55.100 --> 43:58.866 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:77.5%
and go for those long day trips
out in the desert,

43:58.966 --> 44:00.966 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:45%
and a lot of times
you had to drive at night,

44:01.066 --> 44:03.266 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:42.5%
'cause nobody had
air conditioning back then.

44:03.366 --> 44:07.566 align:start position:12.5% line:74% size:17.5%
(Betty)
Traveling in August,
the hottest month of the year,

44:07.666 --> 44:11.400 align:start position:10% line:10% size:80%
my father always wanted to leave
at 4:00 or 5:00 in the morning,

44:11.500 --> 44:15.833 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:65%
so he could--the--we could
pass the desert early morning,

44:15.933 --> 44:17.633 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:30%
but it never
worked out that way.

44:17.733 --> 44:20.633 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:80%
We would leave maybe 6:00, 7:00.

44:20.733 --> 44:24.000 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:47.5%
But, getting ready,
my mother did all the wash,

44:24.100 --> 44:26.200 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
the ironing, the packing,

44:26.300 --> 44:30.333 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
she would fry chicken
so we'd have something to eat,

44:30.433 --> 44:32.133 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
and we'd be on the road.

44:32.233 --> 44:35.566 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:37.5%
It was six kids
plus my parents

44:35.666 --> 44:38.866 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
in my dad's 1956 Chevy.

44:38.966 --> 44:42.533 align:start position:15% line:10% size:17.5%
(Hilda)
This is my oldest daughter,
her name is Diana,

44:42.633 --> 44:45.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5%
and this is Anna,
the youngest one,

44:45.766 --> 44:49.533 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5%
and this is, um, uh, Betty.

44:49.633 --> 44:53.066 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
We used to go to New Mexico
every year, too,

44:53.166 --> 44:55.433 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
and we would take Route 66.

44:55.533 --> 44:57.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5%
It was a two-way.

44:57.300 --> 44:59.400 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5%
One this way, one that way.

44:59.500 --> 45:01.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5%
It was--there was a lot

45:01.700 --> 45:04.733 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
of crosses on the street

45:04.833 --> 45:07.933 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
that accidents had happened
and people had died.

45:08.033 --> 45:09.766 align:start position:17.5% line:74% size:17.5%
(Betty)
One of the games
we used to play in the car

45:09.866 --> 45:12.066 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
is "counting the crosses,"

45:12.166 --> 45:14.833 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:40%
'cause there was
crosses on the road.

45:14.933 --> 45:19.666 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:25%
My father,
he drove nonstop practically,

45:19.766 --> 45:22.666 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
so when he would say,
"I'm getting tired,"

45:22.766 --> 45:24.733 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:32.5%
he would say,
"Betty, you be my eyes,"

45:24.833 --> 45:28.800 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
and I always sat behind him,
standing up,

45:28.900 --> 45:31.400 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
you know, and the wind
in my face.

45:31.500 --> 45:35.400 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:60%
And especially at night,
it was so dark on Route 66,

45:35.500 --> 45:37.433 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
and everybody was asleep.

45:37.533 --> 45:40.033 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
He would say, "Talk to me."

45:40.133 --> 45:44.000 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:57.5%
I had this relationship
with my father on the road.

45:44.100 --> 45:45.833 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
Of course I was exhausted
in the morning,

45:45.933 --> 45:48.966 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:45%
but I stayed awake
with him all night.

45:49.066 --> 45:51.833 align:start position:10% line:74% size:17.5%
(Hilda)
We weren't
a very religious people either,

45:51.933 --> 45:54.966 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:20%
but, um,
what I remember in my mind

45:55.066 --> 45:58.700 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:27.5%
I would say
for the Lord to guide us safely

45:58.800 --> 46:00.866 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:47.5%
to our destination,

46:00.966 --> 46:04.233 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
and we did for years
and years and years.

46:04.333 --> 46:07.833 align:start position:20% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
Even though Route 66
was known as "bloody 66"

46:07.933 --> 46:10.300 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
in more dangerous parts,

46:10.400 --> 46:12.400 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
there were always women
forging new paths

46:12.500 --> 46:13.766 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:37.5%
for themselves,

46:13.866 --> 46:16.666 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:47.5%
unwilling or unable
to stay home.

46:16.766 --> 46:19.766 align:start position:15% line:74% size:20%
(JoLynn)
I met Joy when I was working
for the Hobart Tribune

46:19.866 --> 46:21.733 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:35%
as a reporter,

46:21.833 --> 46:24.933 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
and she was a transplant
from Rhode Island.

46:25.033 --> 46:27.433 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5%
In the '40s, she had polio,

46:27.533 --> 46:29.166 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5%
and she came out here
for her health.

46:29.266 --> 46:31.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5%
They had a friend
that had a ranch

46:31.600 --> 46:33.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5%
over in the Heber area,

46:33.966 --> 46:37.600 align:start position:10% line:10% size:80%
and, uh, she was getting better,

46:37.700 --> 46:41.966 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:67.5%
and that's when she started
her Stockmen's Supply company

46:42.066 --> 46:46.200 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:67.5%
in an old shaggy van truck,
and it was, like, 1951, I think,

46:46.300 --> 46:49.666 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:40%
um, and she went
all over Arizona with her truck.

46:49.766 --> 46:51.766 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5%
There was lots of ranches
that are not there now.

46:51.866 --> 46:53.666 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75%
She was an exceptional person.

46:53.766 --> 46:55.500 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
She was from Rhode Island,
she went to

46:55.600 --> 46:59.033 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
the Gloria Vanderbilt School,
or something to that effect,

46:59.133 --> 47:00.900 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:30%
but she said
they didn't finish her off.

47:01.000 --> 47:03.900 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
She had to come to the West
to get finished.

47:04.000 --> 47:06.800 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:50%
I would say probably
late '50 into maybe '60,

47:06.900 --> 47:08.666 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:80%
whenever Dee was born, you know.

47:08.766 --> 47:10.200 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
I don't know how old Dee is.

47:10.300 --> 47:13.800 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:40%
But, um, anyway,
she had married Dotch.

47:13.900 --> 47:16.133 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:35%
He had a ranch
out at Dead River,

47:16.233 --> 47:19.066 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:42.5%
which is adjacent
to the Petrified Forest.

47:19.166 --> 47:21.133 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
Today part of that
is Navajo land,

47:21.233 --> 47:23.366 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:27.5%
but anyway,
they had a ranch out there,

47:23.466 --> 47:27.133 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
and, uh, a trading post
up on 66,

47:27.233 --> 47:29.433 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:40%
and that's where
some of her experiences

47:29.533 --> 47:33.100 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:47.5%
with tourists on 66
came into play.

47:33.200 --> 47:37.200 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
Of course they sold gasoline,
and cold ice, beer,

47:37.300 --> 47:39.000 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:42.5%
soda pop, snacks,

47:39.100 --> 47:41.866 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
uh, curios, you know,
Route 66 flags,

47:41.966 --> 47:45.333 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:25%
or lots of
kitschy little stuff back then.

47:45.433 --> 47:47.866 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:50%
She figured out that
that plane was flying low

47:47.966 --> 47:50.866 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
'cause he was, you know,
signaling or whatever,

47:50.966 --> 47:54.333 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:60%
and so she sent somebody
to stop traffic at the one end,

47:54.433 --> 47:56.833 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
and he landed going west,

47:56.933 --> 47:58.833 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:35%
and just short
of the river bridge,

47:58.933 --> 48:01.433 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:45%
Dead River Bridge,
right past her place,

48:01.533 --> 48:04.433 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
and they filled him up
and he took off.

48:04.533 --> 48:06.233 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
She picked up on stuff
that other people

48:06.333 --> 48:09.433 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
wouldn't pick up on anyway.

48:09.533 --> 48:12.566 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5%
I see a pattern arise
when you look

48:12.666 --> 48:14.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5%
at the different women.

48:14.100 --> 48:17.100 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
These women contributed
to the financial success

48:17.200 --> 48:18.400 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
of their families.

48:18.500 --> 48:20.000 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:35%
They were able
to put a Christmas present

48:20.100 --> 48:23.233 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
under the tree that
might not be there otherwise.

48:23.333 --> 48:25.466 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:35%
(mellow music)

48:25.566 --> 48:28.933 align:start position:10% line:74% size:25%
(Marshall)
Today we're in, um, my hometown,
Ash Fork, Arizona,

48:29.033 --> 48:30.500 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
right here on Route 66.

48:30.600 --> 48:35.600 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
And when we moved up here
in October of 1947,

48:35.700 --> 48:37.200 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
I was eight years old,

48:37.300 --> 48:41.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:37.5%
and, um, my dad
was new to the railroad,

48:41.100 --> 48:43.566 align:start position:15% line:10% size:52.5%
so he was not--he was
unemployed most of the time.

48:43.666 --> 48:46.200 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5%
Dad was gonna have to
provide food,

48:46.300 --> 48:49.866 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5%
and we didn't have enough money
for, uh--for meat,

48:49.966 --> 48:51.966 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
so Dad wanted a hunting rifle,

48:52.066 --> 48:54.100 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:20%
and Mom,
she decided to get a job.

48:54.200 --> 48:56.933 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:50%
She was a farm girl,
so she had never worked,

48:57.033 --> 48:58.533 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
always been a housewife.

48:58.633 --> 49:00.466 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
She had three boisterous boys.

49:00.566 --> 49:03.933 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
She was in a family way
when she was 16.

49:04.033 --> 49:05.733 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:37.5%
So, by the time
she's about 22, I think,

49:05.833 --> 49:07.900 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
she had had four children.

49:08.000 --> 49:09.966 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
And all of a sudden now
she's working in a restaurant

49:10.066 --> 49:12.033 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:35%
and had a job,
and it was really neat,

49:12.133 --> 49:13.433 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
'cause she put on
a lot of makeup,

49:13.533 --> 49:15.333 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
and she really looked great.

49:15.433 --> 49:18.200 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:30%
And she wore
this fancy waitress dress.

49:18.300 --> 49:21.333 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:45%
If you'd left L.A.
and had gone through

49:21.433 --> 49:23.400 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:47.5%
Barstow and Needles

49:23.500 --> 49:25.566 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
and Kingman and Seligman,

49:25.666 --> 49:27.633 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:77.5%
by the time you got to Ash Fork
to eat,

49:27.733 --> 49:29.533 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
you're ready to kill somebody,

49:29.633 --> 49:32.500 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
and they didn't leave much--
much for tips.

49:32.600 --> 49:34.833 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
She always had in her--
in her apron pocket,

49:34.933 --> 49:37.133 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
was--it was always
full of change,

49:37.233 --> 49:39.466 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:40%
and me, a nickel
was a lot of money,

49:39.566 --> 49:42.533 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
and I'd come in and bum
a nickel or a dime off of her.

49:42.633 --> 49:44.800 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:35%
The Depression
was still kinda going on,

49:44.900 --> 49:47.000 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
and after--after the war,

49:47.100 --> 49:48.800 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
uh, at least for us.

49:48.900 --> 49:51.200 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
When you walked downtown,
you saw businesses,

49:51.300 --> 49:54.466 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
there was a post office,
um, a movie theater

49:54.566 --> 49:56.600 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:35%
that had films
four nights a week,

49:56.700 --> 49:59.700 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
and, um, let's see,
then there was a barber shop,

49:59.800 --> 50:02.333 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
and a drugstore, and, uh,

50:02.433 --> 50:04.300 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:50%
after the drug store
was the old opera house,

50:04.400 --> 50:07.833 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:50%
which was now a cafe
where my mother was a waitress,

50:07.933 --> 50:10.266 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
and one of her waitress gigs
was there.

50:10.366 --> 50:11.900 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
Then, there was
a little alleyway,

50:12.000 --> 50:13.333 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:80%
and then there was another cafe,

50:13.433 --> 50:15.233 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:30%
and that was
the Dewdrop Inn Cafe.

50:15.333 --> 50:16.666 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
The other hospitality place

50:16.766 --> 50:18.966 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:40%
was--was down by
the railroad tracks,

50:19.066 --> 50:21.933 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
and that's where, um--
that's where the, um,

50:22.033 --> 50:23.466 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
the--let's just call it

50:23.566 --> 50:26.166 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:27.5%
hospitality
for single girls.

50:26.266 --> 50:28.766 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
I delivered papers there, too.

50:28.866 --> 50:31.833 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:35%
I had no idea,
I was only 11 or 12 at the time.

50:31.933 --> 50:34.133 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
That was one of my other jobs,
I was a paperboy.

50:34.233 --> 50:36.800 align:start position:30% line:74% size:25%
(paperboy)
Football scores!
Morning paper!

50:36.900 --> 50:38.333 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:32.5%
Morning Star!

50:38.433 --> 50:40.033 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:35%
Paper, mister?

50:40.133 --> 50:43.700 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:60%
But, sometimes at night,
the--the bus came from Flagstaff

50:43.800 --> 50:45.900 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
that brought the newspapers,
and they dumped 'em off

50:46.000 --> 50:48.600 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
at the Arizona Bar,
and so I'd wait down there

50:48.700 --> 50:50.666 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:52.5%
till the bus came in,

50:50.766 --> 50:53.500 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
and if it snowed in Flagstaff,
boy, on Route 66,

50:53.600 --> 50:55.066 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:27.5%
it was just
a two-lane road then,

50:55.166 --> 50:57.466 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
and I mean, those roads
were really dangerous.

50:57.566 --> 50:59.700 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
They, uh--and these buses
would be late,

50:59.800 --> 51:01.466 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
maybe two or three hours late.

51:01.566 --> 51:04.500 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:40%
I imagine myself
trudging through the snow

51:04.600 --> 51:06.733 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:30%
on a bicycle
and delivering papers,

51:06.833 --> 51:08.566 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
and the people all saying,
"Oh, Marshall,

51:08.666 --> 51:12.066 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:72.5%
we were so worried about you,
we didn't think you'd make it."

51:12.166 --> 51:15.066 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
They were asleep
and didn't care.

51:15.166 --> 51:17.400 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
Council buys park!

51:17.500 --> 51:19.800 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
Scouts find lost girl!

51:19.900 --> 51:21.633 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:32.5%
Morning Star!

51:21.733 --> 51:24.566 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
Except at the--at the little--

51:24.666 --> 51:26.200 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:40%
the other hotel,

51:26.300 --> 51:28.866 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:50%
and, uh, it was al--
the lights were always on,

51:28.966 --> 51:31.166 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
and she would bring--
madam, the madam

51:31.266 --> 51:34.133 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
would bring me in
and give me chocolate.

51:34.233 --> 51:37.266 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:50%
I did not know until
my mother told me one day,

51:37.366 --> 51:38.666 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:80%
we were walking down the street,

51:38.766 --> 51:41.266 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:32.5%
and the madam
had bright red hair.

51:41.366 --> 51:45.066 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
I said, "Hi," and she said,
"Hi, Marshall, how are you?"

51:45.166 --> 51:47.333 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
I think my mom thought I was
a regular customer there

51:47.433 --> 51:50.466 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
or something, I--she said,
"How do you know her?"

51:50.566 --> 51:52.633 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
And I said, "Oh, I was, uh--

51:52.733 --> 51:55.633 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:42.5%
I'm the paperboy,
I--I deliver papers there."

51:55.733 --> 51:57.500 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:35%
(upbeat music)

51:57.600 --> 51:59.733 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
'47 and '48 and '49,

51:59.833 --> 52:02.366 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:32.5%
they had some
of the most brutal winters

52:02.466 --> 52:04.333 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:47.5%
in Arizona history.

52:04.433 --> 52:07.100 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
Dad was able to buy
an Army surplus tent.

52:07.200 --> 52:09.166 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
We slept in there
with just blankets

52:09.266 --> 52:11.166 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
and no heating, nothing.

52:11.266 --> 52:12.766 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
And the next house
we lived in here,

52:12.866 --> 52:16.733 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:55%
it was the rock house,
and, um, it--it had plumbing,

52:16.833 --> 52:18.933 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
but the bathroom didn't work.

52:19.033 --> 52:21.600 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
My mom, she was
salutatorian of her class,

52:21.700 --> 52:23.800 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
and, um, real smart,

52:23.900 --> 52:25.733 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
and she had a hard life,

52:25.833 --> 52:27.566 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
and she could've had so much.

52:27.666 --> 52:29.566 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:47.5%
(melancholic music)

52:29.666 --> 52:35.200 align:start position:87.5% line:10% size:2.5%
♪

52:35.300 --> 52:39.366 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5%
People's hopes and dreams
are not always realized,

52:39.466 --> 52:43.033 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:37.5%
and if the road
symbolized opportunity

52:43.133 --> 52:44.533 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55%
and mobility and hope,

52:44.633 --> 52:47.633 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
sometimes it brought
disappointment

52:47.733 --> 52:49.466 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
and devastation and death.

52:49.566 --> 52:52.633 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:40%
There's--there's
no doubt about that.

52:52.733 --> 52:54.933 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
As more Americans
took to the road,

52:55.033 --> 52:57.500 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
the case for an interstate
became clear,

52:57.600 --> 53:00.700 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:42.5%
prompting changes
that impacted women's lives.

53:00.800 --> 53:03.166 align:start position:15% line:74% size:32.5%
(broadcaster)
Though we have
the greatest highway system

53:03.266 --> 53:06.900 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
in all the world,
it can't carry...

53:07.000 --> 53:08.900 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:40%
(dramatic music)

53:09.000 --> 53:10.633 align:start position:87.5% line:10% size:2.5%
♪

53:10.733 --> 53:14.766 align:start position:17.5% line:74% size:25%
(narrator)
Not all communities' needs
were considered equal.

53:14.866 --> 53:17.466 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:15%
(Mark)
In the 1950s,
San Bernardino embarks

53:17.566 --> 53:20.033 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
on a freeway-building project.

53:20.133 --> 53:23.166 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:47.5%
Off-ramps are built
directly exiting

53:23.266 --> 53:27.700 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:65%
only into the eastern part
of San Bernardino into Downtown.

53:27.800 --> 53:31.333 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70%
This directly cut off access
into the west side

53:31.433 --> 53:33.933 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5%
for motorists traveling along
the new freeway.

53:34.033 --> 53:36.333 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
There's a very willful neglect

53:36.433 --> 53:41.000 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
of the Mexican merchant class
and their livelihood.

53:41.100 --> 53:43.000 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50%
(bright piano music)

53:43.100 --> 53:46.500 align:start position:87.5% line:10% size:2.5%
♪

53:46.600 --> 53:50.300 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5%
The freeway was a concern
of our family,

53:50.400 --> 53:52.733 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5%
'cause my mom thought
that it would

53:52.833 --> 53:54.566 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
bring the business down.

53:54.666 --> 53:58.633 align:start position:15% line:74% size:15%
(Lucy)
In the '50s, '51, we had
everything on Mount Vernon.

53:58.733 --> 54:02.733 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5%
We had a drugstore,
we had beer bars,

54:02.833 --> 54:05.300 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5%
grocery store, theater,

54:05.400 --> 54:08.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5%
a mortuary, a pharmacy,

54:09.033 --> 54:10.766 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30%
two markets.

54:10.866 --> 54:12.600 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
It was very lively then.

54:12.700 --> 54:16.100 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
Now it's very different,
very different.

54:16.200 --> 54:20.333 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:50%
Today the Mitla Cafe
is really one of the--

54:20.433 --> 54:23.966 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:72.5%
the only surviving businesses

54:24.066 --> 54:28.466 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:27.5%
that's left
from this once powerful

54:28.566 --> 54:31.666 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
Mexican merchant district.

54:31.766 --> 54:33.266 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:32.5%
(peppy music)

54:33.366 --> 54:38.233 align:start position:15% line:74% size:17.5%
(Patti)
I think the secret
to the success of Mitla Cafe

54:38.333 --> 54:41.933 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
is that we try to stay
as authentic as we can

54:42.033 --> 54:45.300 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:35%
to the recipes
that my grandmother had.

54:45.400 --> 54:50.000 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:37.5%
She established
an atmosphere of family,

54:50.100 --> 54:52.200 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
which we try to maintain.

54:52.300 --> 54:54.333 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
We know our customers' names,
you know,

54:54.433 --> 54:57.000 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:57.5%
we know their problems,

54:57.100 --> 55:00.333 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
we know their hardships,
or whatever in life

55:00.433 --> 55:03.100 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5%
that they're going through,
you know, we know it,

55:03.200 --> 55:04.966 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
and we reach out to them.

55:05.066 --> 55:07.300 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:60%
And we've employed a lot
of people in this community.

55:07.400 --> 55:15.500 align:start position:87.5% line:10% size:2.5%
♪

55:15.600 --> 55:17.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:20%
(Judith)
I was recruited
to run for mayor.

55:17.766 --> 55:20.766 align:start position:30% line:10% size:37.5%
My argument was

55:20.866 --> 55:26.733 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5%
that we needed to right
and correct the system

55:26.833 --> 55:29.166 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75%
that we had in San Bernardino,

55:29.266 --> 55:31.766 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:50%
which was tantamount
to freeway apartheid,

55:31.866 --> 55:32.900 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
and they say, "Apartheid?"

55:33.000 --> 55:34.466 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:32.5%
Yeah, I said,
"That's a strong word."

55:34.566 --> 55:36.566 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:32.5%
You say that,
that gets everybody's attention.

55:36.666 --> 55:39.233 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:60%
I said, "Yes, and I need
the support of all the mayors

55:39.333 --> 55:42.200 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
and supervisors there,"
and they all supported it.

55:42.300 --> 55:44.766 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:52.5%
Consequently, we have
this crosstown freeway now.

55:44.866 --> 55:46.800 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:42.5%
It has the exits,

55:46.900 --> 55:50.333 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
and the slow lanes
go to the left,

55:50.433 --> 55:53.066 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5%
and then the fast lanes
stay on the right,

55:53.166 --> 55:55.366 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5%
then on the way back, so it--
it's the way it should be,

55:55.466 --> 55:57.366 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:17.5%
the way
it should've been all along,

55:57.466 --> 55:59.666 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
and so we won that battle.

55:59.766 --> 56:02.900 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:52.5%
I wasn't conscious of
I was following the legacy

56:03.000 --> 56:05.233 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:67.5%
of my family and my father.

56:05.333 --> 56:08.766 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
Uh, it was what was right

56:08.866 --> 56:11.533 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
and what was best
for the community,

56:11.633 --> 56:15.333 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
and what we needed to do
to right the wrongs

56:15.433 --> 56:17.133 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30%
of the past.

56:17.233 --> 56:21.066 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:35%
(upbeat music)

56:21.166 --> 56:25.166 align:start position:20% line:10% size:25%
(narrator)
Almost 100 years
after her birth in 1926,

56:25.266 --> 56:28.900 align:start position:15% line:10% size:42.5%
Route 66 is truly
a living history classroom.

56:29.000 --> 56:31.533 align:start position:15% line:74% size:17.5%
(woman)
My grandmother's recipe,
it's got three ingredients:

56:31.633 --> 56:33.400 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:62.5%
butter, flour, and sugar.

56:33.500 --> 56:37.766 align:start position:87.5% line:10% size:2.5%
♪

56:37.866 --> 56:39.600 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:32.5%
Then, we went
to the movie premiere,

56:39.700 --> 56:42.433 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
and from the time it started
I just started crying,

56:42.533 --> 56:44.800 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:32.5%
because never
in a million thousand years

56:44.900 --> 56:47.033 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
did I think they were gonna,
like, tell my life story

56:47.133 --> 56:48.733 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:40%
on a big screen.

56:48.833 --> 56:50.366 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:52.5%
(overlapping remarks)

56:50.466 --> 56:53.200 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5%
-You still get emotional.
-I do.

56:53.300 --> 56:55.333 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5%
(peppy piano music)

56:55.433 --> 57:05.466 align:start position:87.5% line:10% size:2.5%
♪