WEBVTT 00:12.633 --> 00:17.633 align:start position:10% line:58% size:52.5% >>> MAJOR FUNDING FOR 00:14.100 --> 00:19.733 align:start position:10% line:58% size:80% QUESTIONING THE CONSTITUTION WAS 00:15.800 --> 00:23.233 align:start position:10% line:58% size:60% PROVIDED BY MR. PAUL AND 00:17.633 --> 00:25.100 align:start position:10% line:58% size:60% VICTORIA SAUNDERS AND BY 00:19.733 --> 00:26.733 align:start position:10% line:58% size:55% MR. J. THORNTON KIRBY. 00:23.233 --> 00:28.000 align:start position:10% line:58% size:80% QUESTIONING THE CONSTITUTION WAS 00:25.100 --> 00:32.266 align:start position:10% line:58% size:75% PRODUCED IN COLLABORATION WITH 00:26.733 --> 00:34.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA'S 00:28.000 --> 00:36.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:80% CENTER FOR POLITICS.████████████ 00:32.266 --> 00:38.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% >>> IT'S LOOKED AT AS THE GOLD 00:34.800 --> 00:39.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:77.5% STANDARD BY NOT ONLY, YOU KNOW, 00:36.500 --> 00:41.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% PEOPLE HERE WHO, WHO BOTHER TO 00:38.866 --> 00:42.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:45% TAKE A LOOK AT THE 00:39.566 --> 00:45.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% CONSTITUTION, BUT ALSO BY 00:41.533 --> 00:46.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% PEOPLE THROUGHOUT THE WORLD 00:42.466 --> 00:46.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% WHO ARE TRYING TO GET 00:45.933 --> 00:48.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% THEIR-THEIR GOVERNMENTS IN 00:46.600 --> 00:50.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:15% PLACE. 00:46.900 --> 00:51.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% >> DOESN'T TAKE VERY LONG TO 00:48.333 --> 00:53.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% READ THE CONSTITUTION. 00:50.266 --> 00:54.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% YOU KNOW, ANY OF YOUR VIEWERS, 00:51.633 --> 00:55.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% I MEAN, LOOK, THERE IT IS. 00:53.100 --> 00:56.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THAT'S NOT A VERY BIG THING TO 00:54.266 --> 00:58.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:45% GO AHEAD AND READ. 00:55.700 --> 01:00.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:45% IT'S ALL IN THERE. 00:56.966 --> 01:02.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% >> PEOPLE IN POWER WILL NOT 00:58.266 --> 01:02.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% PROTECT OUR DEMOCRACY FOR US. 01:00.133 --> 01:03.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% THEY HAVE POWER, THEY LIKE 01:02.133 --> 01:03.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:15% POWER. 01:02.666 --> 01:05.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% DEMOCRATS WANT TO GET THEIR 01:03.500 --> 01:06.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:10% WAY. 01:03.933 --> 01:07.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% REPUBLICANS WANT TO GET THEIR 01:05.200 --> 01:09.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:10% WAY. 01:06.466 --> 01:12.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% PEOPLE HAVE TO PUSH BACK AND 01:07.833 --> 01:13.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% REMIND PEOPLE OF WHAT THESE 01:09.366 --> 01:15.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES ARE. 01:12.000 --> 01:17.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% >> I THINK THERE ARE THINGS 01:13.100 --> 01:18.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THAT SHOULD CHANGE WHEN I LOOK 01:15.200 --> 01:19.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% AT THE CONSTITUTION, AND I 01:17.100 --> 01:19.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% THINK THERE ARE THINGS THE 01:18.466 --> 01:21.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% CONSTITUTION SHOULD PUT IN 01:19.366 --> 01:23.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:15% PLACE. 01:19.666 --> 01:24.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% I THINK PROBABLY IT'S TIME TO 01:21.266 --> 01:26.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% REVISIT THE CONSTITUTION. 01:23.433 --> 01:27.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% >> JEFFERSON SAID, VERY 01:24.733 --> 01:29.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% APPROPRIATELY, "A LITTLE 01:26.433 --> 01:30.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% REVOLUTION NOW AND THEN IS A 01:27.633 --> 01:32.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% GOOD THING." 01:29.733 --> 01:35.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:42.5% AND INDEED IT IS. 01:30.600 --> 01:36.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% IT APPLIES AS MUCH TO OUR TIME 01:32.300 --> 01:39.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:42.5% AS IT DID TO HIS. 01:35.333 --> 01:40.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% >> IT IS LAID THE CORNERSTONE 01:36.633 --> 01:41.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:77.5% TO BE, AND I REPEAT, THE OLDEST 01:39.600 --> 01:42.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% CONTINUOUSLY FUNCTIONING 01:40.533 --> 01:44.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC ON EARTH 01:41.866 --> 01:47.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:15% TODAY. 01:42.833 --> 01:52.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% ALL OTHERS HAVE GONE INTO THE 01:44.866 --> 01:56.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% DUST BIN OF HISTORY. 01:47.300 --> 01:56.000 align:start position:10% line:68.67% size:52.5% DON'T TINKER WITH IT. 01:52.166 --> 01:56.000 align:start position:10% line:74% size:5% >> 01:56.933 --> 02:06.966 align:start position:10% line:74% size:2.5% ♪ 02:28.700 --> 02:32.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% >> THE CONSTITUTION IN A SENSE 02:29.933 --> 02:34.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% PROVIDES THE CONSCIENCE OF 02:31.866 --> 02:35.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:20% AMERICA. 02:32.966 --> 02:37.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% AND WHAT THAT MEANS IS THAT 02:34.666 --> 02:39.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% THE CONSTITUTION HAS THESE 02:35.766 --> 02:42.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% VALUES ABOUT HOW WE LIVE 02:37.233 --> 02:43.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% TOGETHER AS AMERICANS, RESPECT 02:39.766 --> 02:45.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:42.5% OUR INSTITUTIONS. 02:42.700 --> 02:47.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% WE TOLERATE THESE OPPOSING 02:43.833 --> 02:49.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% VIEWS, EVEN THOUGH WE FIGHT 02:45.200 --> 02:49.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:45% LIKE CRAZY FOR IT. 02:47.366 --> 02:52.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% WE DON'T FEEL THAT IT'S ALWAYS 02:49.300 --> 02:53.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:40% WINNER TAKE ALL. 02:49.866 --> 02:54.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% YOU KNOW, IT'S EASY FOR US TO 02:52.200 --> 02:55.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% JUST SAY, "I WANT MY WAY, I 02:53.966 --> 02:57.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% WANT MY WAY. 02:54.566 --> 02:59.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% YOU KNOW, I WANT TO GET THIS 02:55.833 --> 03:00.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% IN THE BUDGET, I WANT THIS, I 02:57.966 --> 03:02.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% WANT MY WAY ON IMMIGRATION, I 02:59.333 --> 03:02.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% WANT MY WAY ON GAY MARRIAGE, I 03:00.866 --> 03:04.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% WANT MY WAY ON THIS, I WANT IT 03:02.266 --> 03:05.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% ON THIS." 03:02.900 --> 03:06.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% IT IS HARD TO REMEMBER THAT 03:04.066 --> 03:07.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% THERE ARE OTHER PEOPLE IN 03:05.233 --> 03:09.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% AMERICA WHO DON'T SHARE THAT 03:06.266 --> 03:11.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:12.5% VIEW. 03:07.700 --> 03:12.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% AND THAT THE CONSTITUTION 03:09.133 --> 03:14.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% DOESN'T SAY "I THE PEOPLE" IT 03:11.100 --> 03:17.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% SAYS "WE THE PEOPLE." 03:12.833 --> 03:18.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% >> I THINK THE CONSTITUTION ON 03:14.366 --> 03:19.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% THE WHOLE IS A MARVELOUS 03:17.633 --> 03:21.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% DOCUMENT. 03:18.000 --> 03:22.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% AND IT ACHIEVED WHAT THE 03:19.233 --> 03:24.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% FRAMERS SET OUT TO ACHIEVE AT 03:21.166 --> 03:26.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THE TIME, WHICH WAS TO CREATE 03:22.666 --> 03:28.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% A COUNTRY STRONG ENOUGH NOT TO 03:24.666 --> 03:29.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% BE RECONQUERED BY THE EUROPEAN 03:26.200 --> 03:30.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% POWERS. 03:28.233 --> 03:31.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% AND THAT WAS REALLY WHAT WAS 03:29.300 --> 03:34.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:37.5% ON THEIR MINDS. 03:30.700 --> 03:36.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% THEIR CONSTITUTION, HOWEVER, 03:31.733 --> 03:37.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% WAS MARRED BY REALLY, REALLY 03:34.033 --> 03:39.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% UNCONSCIONABLE COMPROMISES, 03:36.166 --> 03:41.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% WHICH THEY KNEW AT THE TIME 03:37.766 --> 03:44.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:37.5% WERE NOT RIGHT. 03:39.900 --> 03:46.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% WE STILL LABOR UNDER SOME OF 03:41.266 --> 03:47.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% THE EFFECTS OF THOSE UNFORG 03:44.100 --> 03:50.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% UNFORGIVEABLE COMPROMISES. 03:46.100 --> 03:51.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% AND WE NEED TO ADDRESS IT. 03:47.733 --> 03:52.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% OUR CONSTITUTION GOES OFF THE 03:50.000 --> 03:53.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% RAILS MUCH MORE OFTEN THAN 03:51.433 --> 03:54.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% PEOPLE REALIZE BECAUSE THEY 03:52.200 --> 03:59.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% HAVE BEEN TAUGHT THAT IT'S 03:53.300 --> 04:00.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:20% PERFECT. 03:54.433 --> 04:01.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% AND, GOD KNOWS, IT ISN'T THAT. 03:59.333 --> 04:02.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% >> WHEN I THINK OF THE 04:00.266 --> 04:03.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% CONSTITUTION AND WHAT IT MEANS 04:01.200 --> 04:05.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% TO ME, I GOTTA BACK UP A 04:02.466 --> 04:07.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% LITTLE BIT, BECAUSE IF YOU 04:03.500 --> 04:08.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% LOOK AT THE PREAMBLE, IT SAYS, 04:05.500 --> 04:11.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% "WE THE PEOPLE IN ORDER TO 04:07.466 --> 04:13.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% FORM A MORE PERFECT UNION." 04:08.933 --> 04:15.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% AND IT BEGS THE QUESTION WHO 04:11.133 --> 04:16.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% ARE "WE THE PEOPLE?" 04:13.766 --> 04:17.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% IT WASN'T "PEE THE PEOPLE" 04:15.733 --> 04:18.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% NATIVE AMERICANS AT THAT POINT 04:16.533 --> 04:19.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% THAT THE CONSTITUTION WAS 04:17.433 --> 04:20.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:20% WRITTEN. 04:18.500 --> 04:22.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% BUT I'VE NEVER LOST THE DREAM 04:19.633 --> 04:22.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% OR THE HOPE. 04:20.566 --> 04:23.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% AND I'VE BEGUN TO SEE THE 04:22.100 --> 04:24.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% REALITY THAT THE CONSTITUTION 04:22.833 --> 04:27.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:42.5% DOES APPLY TO ME. 04:23.633 --> 04:28.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% I CAN GO INTO PUBLIC 04:24.966 --> 04:30.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% RESTAURANTS AND HAVE A MEAL. 04:27.000 --> 04:32.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% I CAN GO INTO PUBLIC LIBRARIES 04:28.466 --> 04:33.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% AND CHECK OUT A BOOK. 04:30.666 --> 04:35.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THOSE THINGS ARE VERY NEAR AND 04:32.533 --> 04:36.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% DEAR TO ME BECAUSE IN MY EARLY 04:33.900 --> 04:36.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% YEARS I COULDN'T DO THAT. 04:35.233 --> 04:38.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% I COULDN'T GO INTO PUBLIC 04:36.500 --> 04:40.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% RESTAURANTS. 04:36.900 --> 04:41.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% I REMEMBER GOING TO OKLAHOMA 04:38.366 --> 04:46.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% AS A KID TO SEE MY BROTHERS 04:40.333 --> 04:47.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% GRADUATE FROM COLLEGE, AND WE 04:41.766 --> 04:47.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% WENT TO THIS SERVICE STATION, 04:46.266 --> 04:49.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% AND I HAD TO GO TO THE 04:47.233 --> 04:51.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% BATHROOM. 04:47.900 --> 04:53.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% AND THE BATHROOMS WERE LABELED 04:49.566 --> 04:54.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:45% WHITE AND COLORED. 04:51.833 --> 04:54.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% I SAID, DAD, WHERE DO I GO? 04:53.333 --> 04:55.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% I SAID THERE'S NO PLACE FOR ME 04:54.466 --> 04:57.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:15% TO GO. 04:54.766 --> 04:59.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% I WAS LIKE 6 YEARS OLD. 04:55.800 --> 05:00.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% OF COURSE HE SAID, SON, COME 04:57.933 --> 05:01.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% WITH ME, AND HE FIXED IT. 04:59.000 --> 05:02.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% BUT THE BOTTOM LINE IS THAT AT 05:00.433 --> 05:05.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% THAT POINT IN TIME I WAS 05:01.366 --> 05:08.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% DENIED SOME BASIC RIGHTS THAT 05:02.433 --> 05:10.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% OTHER PEOPLE TOOK FOR GRANTED. 05:05.700 --> 05:12.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% SO THE CONSTITUTION, I LOVE IT 05:08.333 --> 05:15.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% AS IT BECOMES MORE ACTUALIZED, 05:10.733 --> 05:17.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% I SEE MY PLACE, AND I DEFEND 05:12.700 --> 05:18.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:7.5% IT. 05:15.366 --> 05:19.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% >> WHEN IT REALLY HIT ME, 05:17.200 --> 05:23.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% PROBABLY WHAT THE CONSTITUTION 05:18.033 --> 05:24.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:77.5% REALLY MEANT TO ME, PERSONALLY, 05:19.300 --> 05:26.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% WAS WHEN I WENT TO WEST POINT. 05:23.100 --> 05:27.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% I'M WALKING WHERE PEOPLE LIKE 05:24.600 --> 05:29.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% GRANT AND EISENHOWER AND 05:26.600 --> 05:30.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% MacARTHUR HAVE WALKED. 05:27.566 --> 05:31.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% AND HERE AM I, YOU KNOW, A 05:29.433 --> 05:32.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% LITTLE HISPANIC GIRL FROM NEW 05:30.300 --> 05:32.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% YORK CITY TAKING THE OATH TO 05:31.500 --> 05:35.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% SUPPORT AND DEFEND THE 05:32.433 --> 05:38.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:32.5% CONSTITUTION. 05:32.866 --> 05:40.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% IT IS AN EMPOWERING THING TO 05:35.200 --> 05:42.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% TAKE UPON OURSELVES EACH ONE 05:38.333 --> 05:42.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% AS CITIZENS IN THE MILITARY, 05:40.200 --> 05:43.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% AS CIVILIANS, THIS ENORMOUS 05:42.000 --> 05:45.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% RESPONSIBILITY THAT THE 05:42.666 --> 05:46.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% CONSTITUTION PLACES ON ALL OF 05:43.766 --> 05:48.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:7.5% US. 05:45.366 --> 05:49.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% BECAUSE IT COMES FROM THE IDEA 05:46.666 --> 05:51.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THAT THE GOVERNMENT IS OF THE 05:48.600 --> 05:51.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% PEOPLE, BY THE PEOPLE, FOR THE 05:49.966 --> 05:53.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% PEOPLE. 05:51.733 --> 05:56.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:5% >> 05:51.966 --> 05:57.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% ♪ IN 1787 I'M TOLD, OUR 05:53.933 --> 05:58.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% FOUNDING FATHERS DID AGREE ♪ 05:56.233 --> 06:03.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% ♪ TO WRITE A LIST OF 05:57.700 --> 06:03.400 align:start position:10% line:68.67% size:72.5% PRINCIPLES FOR KEEPING PEOPLE 05:58.966 --> 06:03.400 align:start position:10% line:74% size:15% FREE ♪ 06:04.000 --> 06:09.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% >> WHEN I WAS A KID THERE WAS 06:04.966 --> 06:11.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% A CHILDREN'S SHOW THAT SANG 06:06.933 --> 06:12.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:42.5% THE CONSTITUTION. 06:09.200 --> 06:16.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% SCHOOL HOUSE ROCK, THAT'S 06:11.700 --> 06:19.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:15% RIGHT. 06:12.866 --> 06:22.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% IT'S PHENOMENAL HOW THAT LEFT 06:16.866 --> 06:23.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% AN IMPRINT STILL TO THIS DAY. 06:19.833 --> 06:25.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:45% ♪ WE THE PEOPLE ♪. 06:22.300 --> 06:28.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% >> IN ORDER TO FORM A MORE 06:23.533 --> 06:29.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:37.5% PERFECT UNION ♪ 06:25.933 --> 06:30.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% ♪ ESTABLISHED JUSTICE, ENSURE 06:28.566 --> 06:32.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% DOMESTIC TRANQUILITY ♪. 06:29.666 --> 06:33.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:32.5% >> I LOVE IT. 06:30.400 --> 06:34.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:40% IT'S GOOD STUFF. 06:32.233 --> 06:36.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% I THINK THE TIMES WE LIVE IN 06:33.900 --> 06:37.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% NOW WHERE THERE'S SO MUCH 06:34.966 --> 06:38.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% GOING ON AND THERE'S SO MUCH 06:36.333 --> 06:39.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% HANKERING TO CHANGE THE 06:37.666 --> 06:42.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% CONSTITUTION, TO DO THIS TO 06:38.866 --> 06:43.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% THE CONSTITUTION, I THINK 06:39.733 --> 06:44.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% PEOPLE NEED TO FUNDAMENTALLY 06:42.766 --> 06:45.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% UNDERSTAND AND APPRECIATE IT 06:43.433 --> 06:48.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% FOR WHAT IT IS, AS IT IS. 06:44.700 --> 06:48.900 align:start position:10% line:68.67% size:65% ♪ FOR THE UNITED STATES OF 06:45.733 --> 06:48.900 align:start position:10% line:74% size:22.5% AMERICA ♪ 06:53.466 --> 07:00.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% >> HOW MANY TIMES HAVE I 06:54.366 --> 07:02.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% REFERRED TO THIS MAGNIFICENT 06:57.800 --> 07:03.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% INSTRUMENT, WHICH I OFTEN 07:00.933 --> 07:05.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% THINK IT'S ALMOST BY DIVINE 07:02.633 --> 07:11.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% PROVIDENCE THAT THESE MEN 07:03.566 --> 07:13.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% GATHERED TOGETHER IN THAT HOT 07:05.066 --> 07:14.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION AND 07:11.700 --> 07:15.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% WORKED ON IT THOSE PERIOD OF 07:13.600 --> 07:16.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:12.5% TIME. 07:14.166 --> 07:18.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% AND YOU KNOW WHAT FRANKLIN 07:15.166 --> 07:20.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% SAID WHEN HE WALKED OUT. 07:16.233 --> 07:23.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% A PRESS PERSON ASKED HIM, WHAT 07:18.900 --> 07:26.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:42.5% HAVE YOU WROUGHT? 07:20.533 --> 07:27.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% AND HE SAID, A DOCUMENT, A 07:23.600 --> 07:33.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% REPUBLIC, IF YOU CAN KEEP IT. 07:26.466 --> 07:34.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% AND THAT'S BEEN TESTED MANY 07:27.600 --> 07:35.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% TIMES, AND WE'VE KEPT IT. 07:33.800 --> 07:37.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% >> I THINK OUR CONSTITUTION 07:34.900 --> 07:37.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% HAS STOOD THE TEST OF TIME. 07:35.900 --> 07:38.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% I THINK WE ARE THE ENVY OF OUR 07:37.266 --> 07:39.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:20% NATIONS. 07:37.700 --> 07:41.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% MANY COUNTRIES HAVE FOLLOWED 07:38.800 --> 07:42.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% BASICALLY OUR CONSTITUTION. 07:39.733 --> 07:44.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THE THREE SEPARATE BRANCHES, I 07:41.433 --> 07:45.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THINK ARE PRETTY WELL CLEARLY 07:42.933 --> 07:47.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:20% DEFINED. 07:44.933 --> 07:50.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:42.5% THEY'RE CO-EQUAL. 07:45.700 --> 07:51.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% AND THE CHECKS AND BALANCES 07:47.133 --> 07:52.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% SOMETIMES I THINK THERE ARE 07:50.366 --> 07:54.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% MORE CHECKS THAN BALANCES 07:51.466 --> 07:56.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:47.5% BECAUSE THE WAY THE 07:52.200 --> 07:58.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% CONSTITUTION IS DRAFTED, YOU 07:54.333 --> 07:59.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% KNOW, THAT THINGS PROCEED VERY 07:56.966 --> 08:02.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% SLOWLY IN GOVERNMENT. 07:58.400 --> 08:05.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% MAYBE THAT WAS THE INTENT OF 07:59.600 --> 08:07.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% THE DRAFTERS, BUT SOMETIMES 08:02.066 --> 08:08.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THINGS NEVER SEEM TO GET DONE. 08:05.900 --> 08:10.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% >> PEOPLE OFTEN SAY IT WOULD 08:07.033 --> 08:12.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% BE WRONG TO CHANGE WHAT THE 08:08.666 --> 08:14.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:32.5% FOUNDERS DID. 08:10.966 --> 08:15.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THEY NEED TO GO BACK AND READ 08:12.166 --> 08:17.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% WHAT THE FOUNDERS SAID. 08:14.133 --> 08:18.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% THEY WERE PRETTY CONSISTENT 08:15.700 --> 08:19.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% ABOUT EXPECTING US TO HAVE 08:17.233 --> 08:21.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% REGULAR CONSTITUTIONAL 08:18.100 --> 08:23.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% CONVENTIONS. 08:19.400 --> 08:24.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THEY WANTED EACH GENERATION TO 08:21.333 --> 08:26.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% RECONSIDER WHAT THEY HAD DONE. 08:23.133 --> 08:27.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THOMAS JEFFERSON MAYBE WAS THE 08:24.800 --> 08:30.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% MOST RADICAL IN SUGGESTING 08:26.400 --> 08:33.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% THAT THERE OUGHT TO BE A NEW 08:27.366 --> 08:35.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% CONSTITUTION EVER GENERATION, 08:30.666 --> 08:36.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% 19 YEARS, IN HIS TIME. 08:33.633 --> 08:38.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% WE CERTAINLY DON'T NEED A 08:35.866 --> 08:40.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION 08:36.500 --> 08:41.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% EVERY 19 YEARS, I THINK IT'S 08:38.733 --> 08:43.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% PERFECTLY REASONABLE TO HAVE A 08:40.333 --> 08:43.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION IN 08:41.000 --> 08:45.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THE FIRST DECADE OF EVERY NEW 08:43.166 --> 08:46.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:20% CENTURY. 08:43.933 --> 08:47.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% EVEN IF WE CHANGE NOT A WORD, 08:45.533 --> 08:48.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% IT WOULD BE A MARVELOUS 08:46.733 --> 08:49.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% OPPORTUNITY FOR CIVIC HE HAD 08:47.733 --> 08:51.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:12.5% CASE. 08:48.733 --> 09:01.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:35% -- EDUCATION. 08:49.900 --> 09:01.866 align:start position:10% line:68.67% size:70% PEOPLE WOULD LEARN ABOUT THE 08:51.566 --> 09:01.866 align:start position:10% line:74% size:32.5% CONSTITUTION. 09:02.566 --> 09:06.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% >> THE CONSTITUTION SERVES 09:03.766 --> 09:08.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% MORE THAN ONE PURPOSE. 09:05.400 --> 09:09.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% AT THE MOST SIMPLE AND 09:06.900 --> 09:12.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% TECHNICAL LEVEL, IT IS A SET 09:08.333 --> 09:13.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% OF INSTRUCTIONS TO THOSE WHO 09:09.733 --> 09:17.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% HOLD GOVERNMENT POWER. 09:12.200 --> 09:20.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% IT'S IN THE PREAMBLE THAT THE 09:13.700 --> 09:22.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% FRAMERS HAVE SPELLED OUT THE 09:17.466 --> 09:23.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% LOFTY PURPOSES OF GOVERNMENT. 09:20.700 --> 09:24.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% THE GENERAL WELFARE OF THE 09:22.033 --> 09:25.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% COMMON DEFENSE AND THE OTHER 09:23.066 --> 09:27.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:47.5% PURPOSES LIKE THAT. 09:24.833 --> 09:29.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% I THINK IF YOU LINGER OVER 09:25.933 --> 09:31.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THAT LANGUAGE, THEN YOU BEGIN 09:27.033 --> 09:34.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% TO SEE WHAT THE PHILOSOPHICAL 09:29.000 --> 09:36.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% OR POLICY A ASSUMPTIONS -- 09:31.266 --> 09:38.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% ASSUMPTIONS ARE THAT UNDERLIE 09:34.266 --> 09:39.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THE WHOLE FEDERAL ENTERPRISE. 09:36.800 --> 09:41.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:77.5% SO YOU BEGIN WITH THE PREAMBLE, 09:38.566 --> 09:42.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% AND THEN AS YOU MOVE THROUGH 09:39.600 --> 09:44.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THE BODY OF THE DOCUMENT, IT'S 09:41.133 --> 09:47.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% ACTUALLY FAIRLY LOGICALLY 09:42.300 --> 09:48.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:25% ORGANIZED. 09:44.633 --> 09:49.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:47.5% >> ARTICLE I IS THE 09:47.233 --> 09:50.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% LEGISLATIVE ARTICLE. 09:48.266 --> 09:52.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% THAT'S THE ARTICLE THAT 09:49.466 --> 09:53.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% ESSENTIALLY ESTABLISHES 09:50.333 --> 09:55.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% CONGRESS, SAYS WHAT CONGRESS'S 09:52.200 --> 09:57.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:35% POWERS MAY BE. 09:53.833 --> 09:59.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% SO ARTICLE I QUITE SIMPLY IS 09:55.933 --> 10:00.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH. 09:57.900 --> 10:02.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% ARTICLE II IS THE EXECUTIVE 09:59.500 --> 10:03.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% BRANCH, PROVIDES FOR THE 10:00.933 --> 10:05.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% PRESIDENCY, ESSENTIALLY TO 10:02.700 --> 10:06.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% PROVIDE FOR THE EXECUTION OF 10:03.633 --> 10:07.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% THE LAWS. 10:05.566 --> 10:09.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% THERE'S SOME DEBATE OVER 10:06.800 --> 10:11.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% WHETHER THERE IS INHERENT 10:07.700 --> 10:11.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% POWER IN THE PRESIDENCY, BUT 10:09.933 --> 10:13.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:40% IT DOES MAKE HIM 10:11.100 --> 10:15.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF AS WELL AS 10:11.933 --> 10:16.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% BEING THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE 10:13.466 --> 10:18.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:20% OFFICER. 10:15.133 --> 10:19.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% ARTICLE III IS THE ARTICLE 10:16.533 --> 10:20.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THAT PROVIDES FOR THE JUDICIAL 10:18.100 --> 10:23.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% SYSTEM. 10:19.600 --> 10:24.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% IT SAYS THERE SHALL BE SUPREME 10:20.866 --> 10:26.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:15% COURT. 10:23.166 --> 10:27.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% FINALLY, AS YOU MOVE TOWARDS 10:24.800 --> 10:29.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% THE LATTER PART OF THE 10:26.000 --> 10:30.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% CONSTITUTION, YOU BEGIN TO GET 10:27.166 --> 10:31.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% TO THINGS LIKE SUE PREM SI AND 10:29.600 --> 10:33.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% CHANGE -- SUPREMACY AND 10:30.833 --> 10:34.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% CHANGE. 10:31.166 --> 10:35.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% YOU LOOK TO THE FUTURE, IN 10:33.033 --> 10:36.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% EFFECT. 10:34.400 --> 10:39.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% SO YOU START WITH THE 10:35.066 --> 10:40.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% STATEMENT OF PURPOSE, THE 10:36.166 --> 10:41.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% PREAMBLE, YOU SET UP THE THREE 10:39.033 --> 10:43.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT, YOU 10:40.266 --> 10:45.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% FLESH OUT THE FEDERAL SYSTEM, 10:41.700 --> 10:47.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% AND YOU LOOK TO THE FUTURE. 10:43.066 --> 10:48.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% OF COURSE IT CONTAINS LOTS OF 10:45.000 --> 10:50.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% COMPLICATED IMPLICATIONS. 10:47.466 --> 10:51.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% I MEAN, INTERPRETING IT, 10:48.833 --> 10:56.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% APPLYING IT, MAKING IT WORK 10:50.266 --> 10:57.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:45% CREATES VOLUMES OF 10:51.033 --> 10:58.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:47.5% CONSTITUTIONAL LAW. 10:56.133 --> 10:59.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% >> I MEAN, THIS IS TRADITION, 10:57.233 --> 10:59.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% YOU KNOW. 10:58.000 --> 11:02.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% IT'S JUST LIKE, IT'S THE 10:59.266 --> 11:04.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:35% LITTLE THINGS. 10:59.966 --> 11:05.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% IT'S THE LITTLE THINGS AT VMI, 11:02.633 --> 11:05.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% THE THINGS THAT THE COURTS 11:04.333 --> 11:06.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:25% CAN'T SEE. 11:05.133 --> 11:08.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:20% >> YEAH. 11:05.866 --> 11:08.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% IF WOMEN COME HERE, IT WILL BE 11:06.966 --> 11:10.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% LIKE, YOU KNOW, IT WILL BE 11:08.000 --> 11:11.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% LIKE -- 11:08.366 --> 11:12.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% >> THAT'S WHAT THEY WANT. 11:10.133 --> 11:13.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% >> BECAUSE THE WAY IT'S NOW, 11:11.466 --> 11:13.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:37.5% IT IS ALL MALE. 11:12.300 --> 11:15.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% AS SOON AS THEY COME HERE, IT 11:13.200 --> 11:18.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% WILL CHANGE. 11:13.866 --> 11:19.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% SO THEY STILL WON'T BE GAINING 11:15.466 --> 11:20.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% ANYTHING. 11:18.366 --> 11:23.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% >> WE ACTUALLY DO TEACH THE 11:19.533 --> 11:25.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:47.5% CASE INVOLVING VMI. 11:20.800 --> 11:26.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% IT'S U.S. V. VIRGINIA. 11:23.533 --> 11:29.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% IT TALKS ABOUT THESE 11:25.300 --> 11:30.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% STEREOTYPES THAT WERE PRETTY 11:26.500 --> 11:31.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% MUCH ENSHRINED IN SOME WAYS IN 11:29.033 --> 11:32.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% THE LAW THE WAY CASES WERE 11:30.266 --> 11:33.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% BEING DECIDED THAT MEN HAD A 11:31.366 --> 11:35.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% CERTAIN SPHERE WHERE THEY WERE 11:32.333 --> 11:37.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% GOING TO BE ACTIVE IN, AND 11:33.300 --> 11:37.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THAT THEY WERE CAPABLE IN, AND 11:35.400 --> 11:39.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% WHEN WOMEN HAD ANOTHER, MORE 11:37.133 --> 11:40.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:37.5% LIMITED SPHERE. 11:37.833 --> 11:42.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% AND IT WASN'T IN THE SAME 11:39.766 --> 11:45.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% SPHERE WHICH WOULD ALLOW WOMEN 11:40.633 --> 11:47.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% TO BE LEADERS, WOMEN TO GO 11:42.233 --> 11:49.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% INTO THE MILITARY, WOMEN TO 11:45.366 --> 11:50.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% CONTRIBUTE AS WELL AS MEN DO. 11:47.333 --> 11:51.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% >> IN THE VMI CASE, IT WAS THE 11:49.166 --> 11:53.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE THAT WAS 11:50.100 --> 11:54.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% SUING THE STATE OF VIRGINIA ON 11:51.133 --> 11:56.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% BEHALF OF ALL THE CITIZENS OF 11:53.666 --> 11:57.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% VIRGINIA, AND PARTICULARLY 11:54.733 --> 11:59.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% THOSE YOUNG WOMEN WHO WISHED 11:56.333 --> 12:00.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% TO AVAIL THEMSELVES OF THE 11:57.666 --> 12:01.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES AT 11:59.300 --> 12:04.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE 12:00.066 --> 12:05.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% WHICH WAS A STATE INSTITUTION. 12:01.500 --> 12:06.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:47.5% THE VMI CASE WAS AN 12:04.500 --> 12:09.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% OPPORTUNITY FOR ACTUALLY 12:05.733 --> 12:11.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% JUSTICE GINSBURG, WHO HAD BEEN 12:06.900 --> 12:12.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% ONE OF THE CHAMPIONS OF 12:09.433 --> 12:13.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% WOMEN'S RIGHTS IN THE '70s, 12:11.333 --> 12:14.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% AND CASE BY CASE IS AN 12:12.633 --> 12:15.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% ADVOCATE LITIGATING IN FRONT 12:13.566 --> 12:16.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% OF THE SUPREME COURT, NOW SHE 12:14.833 --> 12:18.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% WAS ON THE SUPREME COURT. 12:15.666 --> 12:19.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% SO SHE WAS ABLE TO WRITE THE 12:16.866 --> 12:20.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% MAJORITY OPINION THERE. 12:18.366 --> 12:22.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% >> AND SO THAT'S JUST ONE OF 12:19.833 --> 12:24.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% THOSE EXAMPLES WHERE A VERY 12:20.933 --> 12:26.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% DIFFICULT, AND CONTROVERSIAL 12:22.533 --> 12:27.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% AT THE TIME, DECISION IS MADE. 12:24.600 --> 12:28.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% NOW WE CAN SAY WHETHER WE 12:26.266 --> 12:30.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:77.5% AGREE WITH THE DECISION OR NOT, 12:27.366 --> 12:31.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% OR WHETHER WE AGREE WITH THE 12:28.666 --> 12:33.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:42.5% RATIONALE OR NOT. 12:30.366 --> 12:35.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% BUT AS AMERICANS, WE ALL AGREE 12:31.733 --> 12:36.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THE PROCESS IS THAT THE COURTS 12:33.233 --> 12:38.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% WILL DETERMINE THAT. 12:35.633 --> 12:40.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% AND THAT THE SUPREME COURT 12:36.366 --> 12:48.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% WILL BE THE ULTIMATE ARBITER 12:38.566 --> 12:52.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% OF WHAT A PHRASE IN THE 12:40.300 --> 12:52.166 align:start position:10% line:68.67% size:47.5% CONSTITUTION MEANS. 12:48.066 --> 12:52.166 align:start position:10% line:74% size:2.5% ♪ 12:53.033 --> 12:59.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% >> PRIOR TO THE CONSTITUTION, 12:54.000 --> 13:01.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% WE HAD A COUNTRY IN DISARRAY. 12:58.533 --> 13:03.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% OUR FOREIGN PREDATORS WERE 12:59.900 --> 13:03.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% HANGING OUT, WAITING FOR US TO 13:01.300 --> 13:06.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% FALL APART: FRANCE, ENGLAND, 13:03.200 --> 13:07.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:15% SPAIN. 13:03.500 --> 13:11.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:40% IT WAS INSANITY. 13:06.166 --> 13:12.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% WASHINGTON, MADISON, HAMILTON, 13:07.966 --> 13:15.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% JEFFERSON ALL BEMOANED THE 13:11.600 --> 13:16.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% POSSIBILITY OF MAINTAINING A 13:12.566 --> 13:20.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% NATION. 13:15.533 --> 13:21.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION 13:16.366 --> 13:23.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% IS A MODEL OF COMPROMISE. 13:20.000 --> 13:23.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% AND THESE WERE PEOPLE AS 13:21.300 --> 13:24.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% DIVERSE, RELATIVELY SPEAKING, 13:23.000 --> 13:26.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:35% AS WE ARE NOW. 13:23.766 --> 13:27.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% THEY CAME FROM DIFFERENT 13:24.933 --> 13:28.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% RELIGIONS, WHICH ACTUALLY HAD 13:26.500 --> 13:29.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:20% MEANING. 13:27.166 --> 13:32.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% THEY CAME FROM STATES THAT 13:28.133 --> 13:33.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% WERE AS DISTANT AND DIFFERENT 13:29.466 --> 13:36.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% AS NATIONS ARE TODAY. 13:32.000 --> 13:40.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% AND THEY DID NOT LIKE EACH 13:33.366 --> 13:45.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% OTHER, BUT THEY UNDERSTOOD THE 13:36.066 --> 13:46.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% GREAT NEED TO CREATE THE" WE" 13:40.133 --> 13:48.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% SO THEY MADE MANY COMPROMISES. 13:45.066 --> 13:49.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% >> YOU HAVE TO IMAGINE WHEN 13:46.066 --> 13:51.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% THE FRAMERS WERE WORKING ON 13:48.200 --> 13:53.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% WHAT BECAME OUR CONSTITUTION, 13:49.300 --> 13:55.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% THE CHALLENGE THAT THEY WERE 13:51.433 --> 13:55.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:45% CON FRONT FRONTED. 13:53.933 --> 13:56.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% FRANKLY THEY DIDN'T KNOW YET 13:55.000 --> 13:59.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% WHAT A CONSTITUTION OUGHT TO 13:55.933 --> 14:00.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:25% LOOK LIKE. 13:56.866 --> 14:01.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% HOW DO WE WRITE THIS 13:59.433 --> 14:02.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% CONSTITUTION, GIVE THE 14:00.233 --> 14:05.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% GOVERNMENT THE POWERS THAT IT 14:01.200 --> 14:06.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% NEEDS THAT WE THINK IT NEEDS, 14:02.300 --> 14:07.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:77.5% TO MAKE AMERICA A GREAT NATION, 14:05.233 --> 14:10.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% BUT AT THE SAME TIME QUIET THE 14:06.300 --> 14:14.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% DOUBTS AND FEARS OF PEOPLE WHO 14:07.633 --> 14:15.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% SAID, "NO, THAT MUCH POWER IS 14:10.800 --> 14:18.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% BOUND TO BE TYRANNICAL." 14:14.766 --> 14:19.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% >> JAMES MADISON WAS CERTAINLY 14:15.966 --> 14:20.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% ONE OF THE KEY FIGURES. 14:18.233 --> 14:21.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% HE CAME UP WITH A PLAN AND 14:19.266 --> 14:22.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% TOOK THAT WITH HIM TO 14:20.466 --> 14:24.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:32.5% PHILADELPHIA. 14:21.300 --> 14:25.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% MANY PARTS OF MADISON'S PLAN 14:22.800 --> 14:27.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% WERE NOT FINALLY ADOPTED, BUT 14:24.733 --> 14:29.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% MADISON HAD THE POLITICAL 14:25.733 --> 14:32.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% SENSE, THE TACTICAL SENSE TO 14:27.700 --> 14:33.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% REALIZE THAT HE WOULD HAVE TO 14:29.466 --> 14:34.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% MAKE SOME COMPROMISES. 14:32.033 --> 14:37.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% AND THE MAIN THING WAS TO COME 14:33.333 --> 14:39.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% OUT OF THE CONVENTION WITH A 14:34.466 --> 14:41.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:42.5% PLAN THAT WORKED. 14:37.633 --> 14:42.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% HE PROPOSED AND WANTED 14:39.066 --> 14:43.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% REPRESENTATION IN THE CONGRESS 14:41.200 --> 14:44.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% TO BE BASED ON POPULATION. 14:42.933 --> 14:47.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% THE MORE PEOPLE IN A STATE, 14:43.600 --> 14:49.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THE HIGHER THE REPRESENTATION 14:44.433 --> 14:49.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% IN CONGRESS. 14:47.033 --> 14:50.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% OTHER PEOPLE AT PHILADELPHIA, 14:49.000 --> 14:52.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% PARTICULARLY FROM THE SMALL 14:49.666 --> 14:55.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% STATES, WERE WORRIED THAT THE 14:50.866 --> 14:56.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% BIG STATES LIKE MASSACHUSETTS 14:52.500 --> 14:58.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% AND VIRGINIA AND NEW YORK 14:55.300 --> 15:00.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% WOULD BASICALLY SWALLOW UP THE 14:56.400 --> 15:01.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% REST OF THEM AND THEY WOULD BE 14:58.200 --> 15:02.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% OUTVOTED, OUTNUMBERED, AND 15:00.100 --> 15:04.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% THEREFORE THEY WOULD BE 15:01.033 --> 15:06.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% THREATENED BY THAT KIND OF 15:02.033 --> 15:07.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% ARRANGEMENT. 15:04.700 --> 15:08.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% SO THE COUNTER-PROPOSAL AT 15:06.266 --> 15:10.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% PHILADELPHIA WAS ESSENTIALLY A 15:07.133 --> 15:10.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% PLAN THAT WOULD HAVE GIVEN 15:08.233 --> 15:12.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:40% EACH STATE EQUAL 15:10.333 --> 15:14.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:37.5% REPRESENTATION. 15:10.866 --> 15:16.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% AND THE MIDDLE GROUND IN A 15:12.500 --> 15:17.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:77.5% SENSE WAS FAIRLY OBVIOUS, WELL, 15:14.200 --> 15:18.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% WE'LL SPLIT THE DIFFERENCE. 15:16.733 --> 15:18.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% WE'LL HAVE THE HOUSE OF 15:17.600 --> 15:20.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% REPRESENTATIVES BASED ON 15:18.300 --> 15:21.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:27.5% POPULATION. 15:18.800 --> 15:24.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% WE'LL HAVE THE SENATE BASED ON 15:20.566 --> 15:26.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% STATE'S EQUALS AND THEREFORE 15:21.733 --> 15:27.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% BOTH THE PEOPLE THE PEOPLE AND 15:24.900 --> 15:32.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% THE STATES WILL SOMEHOW BOTH 15:26.233 --> 15:33.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% BE REPRESENTED IN THE 15:27.133 --> 15:35.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% LEGISLATIVE PROCESS. 15:32.233 --> 15:36.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% ON THE EXECUTIVE, THAT, AGAIN, 15:33.666 --> 15:38.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:42.5% WAS A COMPROMISE. 15:35.266 --> 15:39.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THEY WEREN'T WILLING TO GO AS 15:36.633 --> 15:41.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% FAR AS TO HAVE A POPULARLY 15:38.633 --> 15:43.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:45% ELECTED PRESIDENT. 15:39.433 --> 15:44.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% THIS WAS NOT THE MIND SET OF 15:41.400 --> 15:45.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% 18th CENTURY FRAMERS. 15:43.166 --> 15:47.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% BUT THEY ALSO THOUGHT THEY 15:44.500 --> 15:48.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% SHOULD NOT HAVE THE PRESIDENT 15:45.600 --> 15:50.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% ELECTED BY, LET'S SAY, THE 15:47.066 --> 15:52.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% SENATE OR BY CONGRESS BECAUSE 15:48.700 --> 15:52.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THAT WOULD MAKE THE EXECUTIVE 15:50.066 --> 15:53.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% DEPENDENT UPON THE LEGISLATIVE 15:52.000 --> 15:54.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% BRANCH. 15:52.433 --> 15:55.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% AND THEY WOULD NOT BE 15:53.933 --> 15:57.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% SUFFICIENT SEPARATION OF 15:54.866 --> 15:58.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% POWERS. 15:55.533 --> 15:59.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% AS THE CONVENTION MOVED ALONG, 15:57.000 --> 16:01.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THEY FINALLY CAME UP WITH WHAT 15:58.133 --> 16:03.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% WE KNOW AS THE ELECTORAL 15:59.966 --> 16:04.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:20% COLLEGE. 16:01.500 --> 16:06.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% A VERY CUMBERSOME AND AWKWARD 16:03.100 --> 16:07.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% KIND OF ARRANGEMENT. 16:04.033 --> 16:08.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% IT ACTUALLY MADE MORE SENSE AT 16:06.133 --> 16:10.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% THE TIME BECAUSE SMALLER 16:07.200 --> 16:11.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% COUNTRY LEADERSHIP KNEW EACH 16:08.533 --> 16:12.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:15% OTHER. 16:10.566 --> 16:14.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% AND THEY CERTAINLY FLEW THAT 16:11.766 --> 16:16.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE WOULD 16:12.966 --> 16:17.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:32.5% GET TOGETHER. 16:14.300 --> 16:18.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% AND THEY KNEW THAT WHO THE 16:16.766 --> 16:18.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% FIRST PRESIDENT WOULD BE, IT 16:17.533 --> 16:19.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% WAS GOING TO BE GEORGE 16:18.400 --> 16:21.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:27.5% WASHINGTON. 16:18.800 --> 16:23.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% WELL, THAT WORKED ALL RIGHT 16:19.866 --> 16:33.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% FOR A TIME OR TWO, BUT AS WE 16:21.300 --> 16:33.500 align:start position:10% line:68.67% size:72.5% KNOW TODAY, IT'S A LITTLE BIT 16:23.033 --> 16:33.500 align:start position:10% line:74% size:67.5% HARD TO EXPLAIN OR JUSTIFY. 16:33.733 --> 16:38.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% >> ONE OF THE KEY COMPROMISES 16:34.933 --> 16:41.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% MADE IN PHILADELPHIA WAS TO 16:37.766 --> 16:43.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% BUILD IN CERTAIN PROTECTIONS 16:38.866 --> 16:44.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% FOR SLAVERY. 16:41.933 --> 16:45.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% WHAT THEY REALIZED IS THAT YOU 16:43.533 --> 16:50.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% COULDN'T HAVE A CONSTITUTION 16:44.200 --> 16:54.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% IN THE FIRST PLACE UNLESS YOU 16:45.833 --> 16:55.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% APIECED THE MINORITY OF 16:50.066 --> 16:57.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% WELL-PLACED SLAVEHOLDERS. 16:54.466 --> 16:58.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% >> THE SOUTHERN STATES WANTED 16:55.433 --> 16:59.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% TO HAVE POWER IN CONGRESS 16:57.200 --> 17:01.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% PROPORTIONATE TO THEIR 16:58.066 --> 17:02.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:27.5% POPULATION. 16:59.766 --> 17:04.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% AND THEY AT FIRST SAID WE 17:01.833 --> 17:05.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% SHOULD GET REPRESENTATION FOR 17:02.766 --> 17:07.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% ALL OUR SLAVES AS WELL AS FREE 17:04.566 --> 17:09.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% PEOPLE. 17:05.600 --> 17:11.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:77.5% WELL, THE NORTHERN STATES SAID, 17:07.366 --> 17:12.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:47.5% NO, ABSOLUTELY NOT. 17:09.166 --> 17:12.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% I MEAN, WHAT'S THE DEAL? 17:11.033 --> 17:14.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% ARE THEY PROPERTY OR ARE THEY 17:12.033 --> 17:14.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% PEOPLE? 17:12.366 --> 17:17.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% YOU CAN'T HAVE BOTH WAYS. 17:14.000 --> 17:19.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% THEY MADE IT CLEAR THEY WERE 17:14.833 --> 17:21.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:45% GOING TO WALK OUT. 17:17.800 --> 17:22.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% >> ISN'T IT REMARKABLE KNOWING 17:19.533 --> 17:25.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% WHAT WE NOW KNOW ABOUT THE 17:21.066 --> 17:30.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% AMERICAN HISTORY THE PROBLEM 17:22.500 --> 17:31.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% OF SLAVERY, SECTIONALISM, THE 17:25.433 --> 17:33.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% CIVIL WAR, RECONSTRUCTION. 17:30.800 --> 17:35.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% SLAVERY IS STILL WITH US IN 17:31.833 --> 17:37.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT OF 17:33.900 --> 17:38.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% THE 20th CENTURY AND THE 17:35.833 --> 17:40.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% PROBLEMS TODAY, IT MAY NOT BE 17:37.800 --> 17:41.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% SLAVERY AS SUCH, BUT WE STILL 17:38.866 --> 17:42.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% HAVE THE LINGERING PROBLEMS OF 17:40.233 --> 17:44.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:12.5% RACE. 17:41.333 --> 17:45.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% GIVEN ALL THAT AMERICAN 17:42.633 --> 17:46.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% HISTORY, ISN'T IT REMARKABLE 17:44.300 --> 17:47.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% THAT WHEN YOU READ THE 17:45.100 --> 17:48.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% CONSTITUTION, THE WORD SLAVERY 17:46.333 --> 17:51.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:35% NEVER APPEARS. 17:47.333 --> 18:02.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THE CONSTITUTION SEEMS NOT TO 17:48.300 --> 18:02.333 align:start position:10% line:68.67% size:45% TALK ABOUT SLAVES. 17:51.966 --> 18:02.333 align:start position:10% line:74% size:45% THE FRAMERS OF THE 18:10.533 --> 18:16.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% CONSTITUTION AGREED TO WHAT IS 18:14.133 --> 18:17.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% CALLED THE THREE 50s 18:15.466 --> 18:18.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:27.5% COMPROMISE. 18:16.400 --> 18:21.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:47.5% NAMELY THREE-FIFTHS 18:17.933 --> 18:21.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:27.5% COMPROMISE. 18:18.600 --> 18:22.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% NAMELY IN DECIDING THE BASIS 18:21.233 --> 18:23.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% OF REPRESENTATION IN THE HOUSE 18:21.933 --> 18:27.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% OF REPRESENTATIVES THAT YOU 18:22.633 --> 18:28.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% WOULD COUNT NOT ONLY FREE 18:23.800 --> 18:30.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% POPULATION, BUT THREE-FIFTHS 18:27.033 --> 18:32.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:42.5% OF OTHER PERSONS. 18:28.700 --> 18:33.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% "OTHER PERSONS" BEING A 18:30.400 --> 18:36.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% EUPHIMISM FOR SLAVES, SO THE 18:32.166 --> 18:37.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% SOUTHERN STATES WANTED SLAVES 18:33.366 --> 18:38.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% TO BE COUNTED ONE ON ONE TO 18:36.200 --> 18:39.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% SWELL THEIR POPULATION. 18:37.700 --> 18:41.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% NORTHERN STATES WOULD HAVE 18:38.566 --> 18:43.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% PREFERRED THAT SLAVES NOT BE 18:39.666 --> 18:45.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:37.5% COUNTED AT ALL. 18:41.566 --> 18:46.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% AND SO FINALLY THEY JUST, IN 18:43.000 --> 18:47.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% EFFECT, CAME UP WITH THIS 18:45.033 --> 18:48.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% THREE-FIFTHS COMPROMISE. 18:46.266 --> 18:51.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:45% SO THE TEXT OF THE 18:47.466 --> 18:54.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% CONSTITUTION TALKS ABOUT 18:48.500 --> 18:55.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THREE-FIFTHS OF OTHER PERSONS. 18:51.400 --> 18:56.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THAT, OF COURSE, IS NOW A MOOT 18:54.333 --> 18:59.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% POINT, I MEAN, THAT LANGUAGE 18:55.500 --> 19:01.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% NO LONGER HAS ANY LEGAL EFFECT 18:56.966 --> 19:06.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% BECAUSE OF THE 13th, 14th AND 18:59.533 --> 19:10.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% 15th AMENDMENTS, BUT IT IS 19:01.066 --> 19:10.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:37.5% STILL IN THERE. 19:06.733 --> 19:12.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% >> WE ARE DISINHERITED OF THIS 19:10.066 --> 19:13.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:12.5% LAND. 19:10.833 --> 19:14.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% WE WHO HAVE BEEN OPPRESSED SO 19:12.266 --> 19:16.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% LONG ARE TIRED OF GOING 19:13.166 --> 19:17.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% THROUGH THE LONG NIGHT OF 19:14.366 --> 19:19.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:25% CAPTIVITY. 19:16.066 --> 19:21.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% NOW WE ARE REACHING OUT FOR 19:17.466 --> 19:22.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% THE DAYBREAK OF FREEDOM AND 19:19.300 --> 19:23.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% JUSTICE AND EQUALITY. 19:21.200 --> 19:24.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% [ APPLAUSE ] 19:22.366 --> 19:25.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% [ CHEERING ] 19:23.666 --> 19:27.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% >> THIS THE CIVIL RIGHTS 19:24.933 --> 19:30.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% MOVEMENT THERE'S A GREAT 19:25.866 --> 19:32.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% MOMENT, IT'S DECEMBER 5, 1955. 19:27.866 --> 19:33.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% THE FIRST MEETING OF THE 19:30.466 --> 19:34.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% MONTGOMERY IMPROVEMENT 19:32.633 --> 19:35.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% ASSOCIATION IS BEING HELD. 19:33.500 --> 19:37.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% THIS IS THE BEGINNING OF THE 19:34.500 --> 19:38.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% BUS BOYCOTT. 19:35.466 --> 19:39.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% ROSA PARKS HAS BEEN ARRESTED 19:37.666 --> 19:40.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:45% FOUR DAYS EARLIER. 19:38.500 --> 19:41.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% PEOPLE HAVE STAYED OFF THE 19:39.433 --> 19:43.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:45% BUSES FOR ONE DAY. 19:40.533 --> 19:47.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% NOW THOUSANDS OF THEM ARE 19:41.666 --> 19:48.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% GATHERED IN A CHURCH IN 19:43.533 --> 19:49.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% MONTGOMERY AND SO MANY THAT 19:47.000 --> 19:50.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THOUSANDS ARE STANDING ON THE 19:48.100 --> 19:51.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% STREET OUTSIDE LISTENING TO 19:49.166 --> 19:53.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% THIS ON LOUDSPEAKER. 19:50.400 --> 19:54.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% AND THIS NEW YOUNG MINISTER IN 19:51.866 --> 19:55.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% TOWN, MARTIN LUTHER KING, WHO 19:53.533 --> 19:57.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% MOST OF THEM DON'T KNOW, NEVER 19:54.700 --> 19:58.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% HEARD OF, DON'T KNOW ANYTHING 19:55.933 --> 20:00.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% AT ALL ABOUT HIM, HAS BEEN 19:57.266 --> 20:02.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% CHOSEN THE LEADER OF THIS 19:58.133 --> 20:04.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% GROUP, AND HE HAS TO GIVE THE 20:00.733 --> 20:05.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% REASONS WHY WE'RE HERE. 20:02.600 --> 20:07.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% AND THEN A RELATIVELY BRIEF 20:04.500 --> 20:07.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% SPEECH, MAYBE 20, 25 MINUTES, 20:05.933 --> 20:09.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% HE SAYS SOMETHING THAT'S JUST 20:07.033 --> 20:10.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% SO POWERFUL. 20:07.800 --> 20:13.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% HE SAYS, "WE'RE NOT WRONG 20:09.400 --> 20:15.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% BECAUSE IF WE ARE WRONG, THE 20:10.700 --> 20:16.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% SUPREME COURT IS WRONG." 20:13.066 --> 20:17.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% AND IN 1955, NO BLACK PEOPLE 20:15.200 --> 20:18.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% THINK THE SUPREME COURT IS 20:16.466 --> 20:20.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:15% WRONG. 20:17.066 --> 20:21.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% AND THE YEAR BEFORE IT HAS 20:18.833 --> 20:22.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% JUST RULED AGAINST SEGREGATED 20:20.366 --> 20:24.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:20% SCHOOLS. 20:21.066 --> 20:25.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% HOW COULD THAT BE WRONG? 20:22.900 --> 20:27.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:77.5% THEN HE SAYS, "IF WE ARE WRONG, 20:24.700 --> 20:30.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED 20:25.466 --> 20:31.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:42.5% STATES IS WRONG." 20:27.400 --> 20:33.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% AND NOBODY THEN OR NOW THINKS 20:30.066 --> 20:34.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% THE CONSTITUTION IS REALLY 20:31.233 --> 20:35.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:15% WRONG. 20:33.033 --> 20:35.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% AND THEN HE SAYS, "IF WE ARE 20:34.466 --> 20:38.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% WRONG, THEN JESUS CHRIST IS 20:35.533 --> 20:40.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% WRONG." 20:35.866 --> 20:40.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% OF COURSE WHEN YOU ARE 20:38.200 --> 20:41.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% SPEAKING IN THE HOLT STREET 20:40.000 --> 20:43.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% BAPTIST CHURCH, THERE'S NOBODY 20:40.900 --> 20:46.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THERE WHO THINKS JESUS CHRIST 20:41.800 --> 20:47.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% IS, OR EVER COULD BE WRONG. 20:43.766 --> 20:48.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% BUT IT IS THIS ENDORSE,MENT -- 20:46.966 --> 20:50.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:45% ENDORSEMENT OF THE 20:47.566 --> 20:51.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% CONSTITUTION, THIS EMBRACE OF 20:48.466 --> 20:53.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% THE CONSTITUTION THAT KING 20:50.666 --> 20:55.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% ARTICULATES, BUT THAT EVERYONE 20:51.733 --> 20:56.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% IN THE ROOM, NO MATTER HOW 20:53.600 --> 20:59.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% UNLETTERED THEY MAY BE 20:55.866 --> 21:01.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:45% EMBRACES WITH HIM. 20:56.966 --> 21:02.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% >> AND WE ARE NOT WRONG. 20:59.666 --> 21:03.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% WE ARE NOT WRONG IN WHAT WE 21:01.200 --> 21:06.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:25% ARE DOING. 21:02.233 --> 21:09.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% IF WE ARE WRONG, THE SUPREME 21:03.600 --> 21:12.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% COURT OF THIS NATION IS WRONG. 21:06.566 --> 21:13.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:45% IF WE ARE WRONG -- 21:09.000 --> 21:14.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% [ CHEERING ] 21:12.400 --> 21:17.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% >> IF WE ARE WRONG, THE 21:13.433 --> 21:18.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED 21:14.100 --> 21:21.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:40% STATES IS WRONG. 21:17.933 --> 21:24.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:2.5% [ 21:18.166 --> 21:25.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% [ CHEERS AND APPLAUSE ] 21:21.233 --> 21:29.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% >> IF WE ARE WRONG, GOD 21:24.566 --> 21:33.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:45% ALMIGHTY IS WRONG. 21:25.800 --> 21:35.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% [ CHEERS AND APPLAUSE ] 21:29.900 --> 21:35.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:5% ♪. 21:33.233 --> 21:36.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% >> HE KNEW FROM THE BASIC 21:35.000 --> 21:37.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% AMERICAN UNDERSTANDING OF IT 21:35.700 --> 21:39.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THAT THIS IS THE DOCUMENT THAT 21:36.933 --> 21:40.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:47.5% SAYS I AM A PERSON. 21:37.900 --> 21:43.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% AND AS A PERSON, I HAVE ALL 21:39.166 --> 21:45.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THE RIGHTS EVERY OTHER PERSON 21:40.333 --> 21:46.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% HAS, NO MORE, NO LESS. 21:43.766 --> 21:47.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% AND THE FACT THAT I NOW HAVE 21:45.033 --> 21:51.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% LESS MEANS THAT I'VE GOT TO 21:46.100 --> 21:54.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% USE THIS DOCUMENT TO MAKE SURE 21:47.166 --> 21:56.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% I HAVE AN EQUAL AMOUNT. 21:51.666 --> 21:57.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% IT TOOK A LONG TIME FOR THE 21:54.366 --> 21:58.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% COUNTRY TO COME TO A 21:56.233 --> 22:03.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% CONSCIOUSNESS THAT WE'VE BEEN 21:57.266 --> 22:05.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% TREATING A PORTION OF OUR 21:58.333 --> 22:07.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:42.5% POPULATION BADLY. 22:03.700 --> 22:08.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% WE'VE DENIED THEM THE RIGHT TO 22:05.533 --> 22:10.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% VOLT; WE'VE DENIED THEM THE 22:07.000 --> 22:12.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% ORDINARY PROTECTION OF POLICE, 22:08.866 --> 22:13.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% WE'VE DENIED THEM JUST 22:10.033 --> 22:14.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% ELEMENTAL, BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS. 22:12.766 --> 22:15.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% AND WE'VE TREATED THEM 22:13.900 --> 22:16.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:20% AWFULLY. 22:14.400 --> 22:17.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% A MOVEMENT AROSE, AND THE 22:15.733 --> 22:18.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% MOVEMENT EVENTUALLY WON THE 22:16.933 --> 22:20.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% HEARTS AND MINDS OF THE 22:17.766 --> 22:21.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% AMERICAN PEOPLE AND THE HEARTS 22:18.800 --> 22:22.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% AND MINDS OF THE CONGRESS OF 22:20.066 --> 22:26.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:45% THE UNITED STATES. 22:21.333 --> 22:27.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% AND BECAUSE OF A COURAGEOUS 22:22.866 --> 22:28.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% PRESIDENT, LYNDON JOHNSON, 22:26.700 --> 22:31.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% HELPED SET RIGHT WHAT HAD BEEN 22:27.733 --> 22:32.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% WRONG FOR A HUNDRED YEARS. 22:28.900 --> 22:34.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% NOW, ALONG THE WAY THERE ARE 22:31.633 --> 22:36.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% MANY, MANY VICTORIES. 22:32.933 --> 22:38.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% COURT VICTORIES WON BY THE 22:34.866 --> 22:39.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% NAACP AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS, 22:36.833 --> 22:40.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% AND THESE COURT VICTORIES 22:38.100 --> 22:42.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% DEPENDED ON FORGING A NEW 22:39.166 --> 22:44.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% ENTERS OF THE CONSTITUTION AND 22:40.700 --> 22:46.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% NEW ENFORCEMENT OF WHAT THE 22:42.700 --> 22:47.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:45% CONSTITUTION SAID. 22:44.300 --> 22:57.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% SO THE 1960s IS WHEN ALL OF 22:46.400 --> 22:57.466 align:start position:10% line:68.67% size:65% WHAT HAS BEEN WRONG IS SET 22:47.366 --> 22:57.466 align:start position:10% line:74% size:15% RIGHT. 23:12.700 --> 23:17.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:47.5% >> THE DELEGATES OF 23:13.700 --> 23:19.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% PHILADELPHIA WERE ON THE ONE 23:15.200 --> 23:19.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% HAND, I THINK, STATESMEN. 23:17.066 --> 23:21.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% THEY UNDERSTOOD THE NEEDS OF 23:19.166 --> 23:22.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:27.5% THE NATION. 23:19.666 --> 23:23.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% BUT THEY ALSO HAD TO TAKE THE 23:21.466 --> 23:24.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% PACKAGE BACK TO THEIR 23:22.500 --> 23:27.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% RESPECTIVE STATES AND SELL IT. 23:23.700 --> 23:29.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% AND THE STATES WERE REQUIRED 23:24.766 --> 23:30.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% TO RATIFY THE CONSTITUTION IF 23:27.366 --> 23:31.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% IT WAS GOING TO GO IN INT 23:29.633 --> 23:32.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:32.5% INTO-REFFECT. 23:30.066 --> 23:33.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% THE PHILADELPHIA CONVENTION 23:31.133 --> 23:34.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% DIDN'T PROVIDE FOR A BILL OF 23:32.166 --> 23:37.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% RIGHTS. 23:33.166 --> 23:38.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% SO-CALLED ANTI-FEDERALISTS, 23:34.966 --> 23:40.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THOSE WHO WERE OPPOSED TO THE 23:37.433 --> 23:41.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% NEW CONSTITUTION, THEY THOUGHT 23:38.900 --> 23:42.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% IT DANGEROUS AND TYRANNICAL, 23:40.466 --> 23:43.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% SEIZED ON THE ISSUE OF THE 23:41.400 --> 23:44.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% LACK OF A BILL OF RIGHTS. 23:42.766 --> 23:49.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% MADISON AND THE OTHER 23:43.866 --> 23:51.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% PROPONENTS OF RATIFICATION 23:44.966 --> 23:52.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% WERE OBLIGED TO AGREE, LET'S 23:49.900 --> 23:53.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% RATIFY THE CONSTITUTION AND WE 23:51.933 --> 23:57.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% WILL UNDERTAKE TO ADD A BILL 23:52.833 --> 23:58.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:25% OF RIGHTS. 23:53.766 --> 23:59.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% IT WAS A VERY CLOSE CALL. 23:57.066 --> 24:00.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% I MEAN, VIRGINIA AND NEW YORK 23:58.800 --> 24:02.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:47.5% NEARLY DEFEATED IT. 23:59.800 --> 24:03.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% IF VIRGINIA AND NEW YORK HAD 24:00.933 --> 24:05.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% NOT RATIFIED, THEY WOULD BE 24:02.633 --> 24:06.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% OBLIGED TO GO BACK TO THE 24:03.566 --> 24:07.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% DRAFTING BOARD AND IT'S NOT AT 24:05.266 --> 24:08.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% ALL CLEAR THAT A SECOND TIME 24:06.933 --> 24:11.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% AROUND THEY COULD HAVE 24:07.833 --> 24:13.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:45% ACTUALLY BROUGHT A 24:08.933 --> 24:14.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% CONSTITUTION INTO BEING. 24:11.600 --> 24:16.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% SO THE STATES DID RATIFY IT AT 24:13.566 --> 24:18.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:47.5% THE FIRST CONGRESS. 24:14.933 --> 24:19.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% MADISON, AS A MEMBER OF THAT 24:16.200 --> 24:20.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% CONGRESS, WAS AS GOOD AS HIS 24:18.700 --> 24:22.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:12.5% WORD. 24:19.166 --> 24:23.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% HE UNDERTOOK TO SEE THAT A 24:20.433 --> 24:27.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% BILL OF RIGHTS WAS PROPOSED. 24:22.533 --> 24:28.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% OF COURSE, THOSE WERE 24:23.833 --> 24:28.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% AMENDMENTS THAT HAD TO BE ALSO 24:27.300 --> 24:29.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% RATIFIED BY THE STATES, BUT 24:28.166 --> 24:31.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:25% THEY WERE. 24:28.600 --> 24:32.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% SO THAT'S HOW THE BILL OF 24:29.433 --> 24:34.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% RIGHTS CAME INTO BEING. 24:31.566 --> 24:41.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% AND WE SIMPLY TAKE THEM FOR 24:32.933 --> 24:41.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% GRANTED AS SURELY THEY MUST 24:34.233 --> 24:42.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:77.5% HAVE BEEN THERE FROM THE START. 24:41.100 --> 24:44.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:47.5% >> CONSTITUTION AND 24:41.966 --> 24:45.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% CONSTITUTIONAL LAW OUGHT TO BE 24:42.866 --> 24:48.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% GIVEN IN EVERY HIGH SCHOOL IN 24:44.000 --> 24:49.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THE UNITED STATES, AND I MEAN 24:45.333 --> 24:51.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:12.5% THAT. 24:48.333 --> 24:52.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% I MADE THAT POINT DURING THE 24:49.600 --> 24:53.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% WATERGATE HEARINGS WHEN WE'D 24:51.666 --> 24:55.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% HAVE ALL THESE OFFICERS OF THE 24:52.733 --> 24:57.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT, 24:53.766 --> 24:58.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% MILITARY AND SIF CIVILIANS, 24:55.666 --> 24:59.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% STAND UP THERE THAT HAD GONE 24:57.600 --> 25:00.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% AHEAD AND THROUGHOUTED THE 24:58.933 --> 25:01.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% CONSTITUTION IN EVERY WHICH 24:59.800 --> 25:03.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:10% WAY. 25:00.133 --> 25:05.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% AND I ASKED THEM, "DID YOU 25:01.966 --> 25:09.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% EVER READ THE CONSTITUTION?" 25:03.066 --> 25:10.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% OF COURSE THEY'RE "NO." 25:05.600 --> 25:12.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% WELL, HERE ARE MEN THAT RAISE, 25:09.433 --> 25:12.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% AND WOMEN RAISED THEIR RIGHT 25:10.800 --> 25:13.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% HAND SWEARING TO UPHOLD THE 25:12.000 --> 25:14.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% CONSTITUTION WHICH THEY'VE 25:12.766 --> 25:16.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:27.5% NEVER READ. 25:13.166 --> 25:17.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% SO THE ANSWER IS THAT'S AN 25:14.700 --> 25:20.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% ENORMOUSLY IMPORTANT PART OF 25:16.300 --> 25:21.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% ANYTHING THAT WE DO FOR THE 25:17.566 --> 25:22.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% FUTURE IS TEACH OUR YOUNG 25:20.133 --> 25:23.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% PEOPLE THE CONSTITUTION. 25:21.166 --> 25:27.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% MOST PEOPLE OUT THERE DON'T 25:22.166 --> 25:28.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% HAVE THE FOGGIEST IDEA OF WHAT 25:23.733 --> 25:29.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:37.5% IT'S ALL ABOUT. 25:27.300 --> 25:30.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% >> YOU CANNOT WRITE A LAW 25:28.466 --> 25:31.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THAT'S GOING TO STOP ANY SORT 25:29.500 --> 25:33.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% OF ILLEGAL BEHAVIOR. 25:30.700 --> 25:36.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% YOU MIGHT MAKE IT MORE 25:31.633 --> 25:36.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% DIFFICULT, BUT IF PEOPLE WANT 25:33.566 --> 25:38.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% TO MISBEHAVE, THEY'RE GOING TO 25:36.000 --> 25:39.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:25% MISBEHAVE. 25:36.633 --> 25:40.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% IT IS UP TO THOSE WHO ARE 25:38.500 --> 25:41.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% RESPONSIBLE FOR OVERSIGHT, FOR 25:39.933 --> 25:43.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% ENFORCING THE LAW TO DO THAT. 25:40.866 --> 25:44.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% THAT WAS A GREATEST. 25:41.833 --> 25:45.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% HAD RICHARD NIXON SUCCEEDED 25:43.000 --> 25:46.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% AND THE COMMITTEE THAT SENATE 25:44.300 --> 25:47.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% AND HOUSE FAILED, WE WOULD 25:45.433 --> 25:49.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% HAVE BEEN A PRETTY SAD STATE 25:46.966 --> 25:50.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% OF AFFAIRS HERE IN THE UNITED 25:47.933 --> 25:52.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% STATES. 25:49.466 --> 25:54.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% WE MADE A CONSCIOUS DECISION 25:50.700 --> 25:55.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% IN OUR POLITICIAN WASN'T GOING 25:52.400 --> 25:57.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% TO SINK TO HIS LEVEL AND WE 25:54.100 --> 25:58.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% WEREN'T GOING TO ALLOW HIM TO 25:55.366 --> 25:59.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% TRAMPLE THE CONSTITUTION. 25:57.366 --> 26:00.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% THE WHOLE THING WAS ABOUT 25:58.533 --> 26:03.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:47.5% PRESIDENTIAL POWER. 25:59.133 --> 26:05.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% AND GOING AHEAD AND NOT 26:00.533 --> 26:06.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% ALLOWING HIM TO EXCEED HIS 26:03.100 --> 26:07.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% POWERS. 26:05.033 --> 26:09.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% ISSUE AFTER ISSUE THAT WAS 26:06.000 --> 26:10.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% RAISED, WHETHER IT WAS THE 26:07.166 --> 26:10.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% BREAK-INS OR THE SPYING OR THE 26:09.233 --> 26:12.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% LANGUAGE OF THE PRESIDENT 26:10.066 --> 26:14.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% HIMSELF AND THE ORDERS OF THE 26:10.900 --> 26:15.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% PRESIDENT, THE DISREGARD OF 26:12.766 --> 26:16.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% JUSTICE, I MEAN, JUST FLEW IN 26:14.233 --> 26:18.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% THE FACE OF THE ENTIRE 26:15.400 --> 26:19.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED 26:16.033 --> 26:21.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% STATES. 26:18.300 --> 26:21.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:77.5% AND IT WAS IN THAT BROAD SENSE, 26:19.500 --> 26:23.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% REALLY, THAT RICHARD NIXON WAS 26:21.266 --> 26:25.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:25% CONDEMNED. 26:21.633 --> 26:26.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% NEVER MIND NIP SPECIFIC ACT. 26:23.733 --> 26:27.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% -- ANY SPECIFIC ACT. 26:25.166 --> 26:29.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% AND THAT'S WHAT IT ENDED UP 26:26.566 --> 26:29.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% BEING WAS THE CONDEMNATION, 26:27.700 --> 26:31.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% BECAUSE OF COURSE HE ESCAPED 26:29.533 --> 26:32.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% IMPEACHMENT. 26:29.933 --> 26:33.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% >> I SHALL RESIGN THE 26:31.133 --> 26:34.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% PRESIDENCY EFFECTIVE AT NOON 26:32.833 --> 26:36.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% TOMORROW. 26:33.600 --> 26:42.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% VICE PRESIDENT FORD WILL BE 26:34.866 --> 26:43.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% SWORN IN AS PRESIDENT AT THAT 26:36.200 --> 26:44.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:47.5% HOUR IN HIS OFFICE. 26:42.333 --> 26:45.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% >> WHAT DID WE LEARN? 26:43.333 --> 26:46.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% I DON'T THINK WE LEARNED VERY 26:44.200 --> 26:48.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% MUCH AND WE WERE RIGHT BACK AT 26:45.200 --> 26:50.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:47.5% THE SAME OLD STAND. 26:46.566 --> 26:53.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% WHETHER IT'S MR. RAING AR AND 26:48.366 --> 26:54.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% IRAN CONTRA, OR WHETHER IT'S 26:50.733 --> 26:55.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% RECENT ACTIONS OF GEORGE W. 26:53.366 --> 26:56.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:12.5% BUSH. 26:54.066 --> 26:57.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% LOOK, IT REQUIRES CONSTANT 26:55.766 --> 26:58.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:25% VIGILANCE. 26:56.133 --> 27:00.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% THIS THING DOES NOT CARRY 26:57.100 --> 27:01.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% ITSELF. 26:58.700 --> 27:11.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% IT'S FOR US, AND IT'S FOR US 27:00.233 --> 27:13.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% TO GO AHEAD AND KEEP IT AS IT 27:01.766 --> 27:15.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:32.5% WAS INTENDED. 27:11.633 --> 27:16.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% >> ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT 27:13.033 --> 27:18.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% DUTIES YOU HAVE IS TO FIRST, I 27:15.366 --> 27:20.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% THINK, UNDERSTAND THE 27:16.266 --> 27:21.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% DOCUMENTS THAT GIVES YOU THE 27:18.233 --> 27:24.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:77.5% RIGHTS THAT YOU CLAIM YOU NEED, 27:20.466 --> 27:25.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% THAT YOU WANT, THAT YOU'RE 27:21.800 --> 27:29.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% ENTITLED TO. 27:24.433 --> 27:32.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% AND UNDERSTAND WHY THAT IS AND 27:25.900 --> 27:32.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% HOW THAT COMES ABOUT. 27:29.700 --> 27:34.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% >> IT'S A GREAT PROCESS I 27:32.233 --> 27:35.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:15% THINK. 27:32.833 --> 27:36.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% I'VE JUST, YOU KNOW, KIND OF 27:34.733 --> 27:38.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% OLD-FASHIONED THAT WAY. 27:35.433 --> 27:39.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:47.5% YOU KNOW, IT WORKS. 27:36.933 --> 27:40.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% WHY YOU WANT TO CHANGE IT? 27:38.700 --> 27:41.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% IT WORKS. 27:39.400 --> 27:42.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% YEAH, I'M SURE THERE ARE 27:40.933 --> 27:45.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% DECISIONS IN THERE THAT THE 27:41.633 --> 27:45.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% SUPREME COURT WILL INTERPRET, 27:42.600 --> 27:47.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% AND IN MY VIEW MISREAD IN THE 27:45.433 --> 27:50.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:32.5% CONSTITUTION. 27:45.866 --> 27:51.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% FOR EXAMPLE, WITH RESPECT TO 27:47.333 --> 27:52.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% ROE V. WADE. 27:50.000 --> 27:54.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THIS WHOLE PRIVACY RIGHT DOES 27:51.333 --> 27:55.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% NOT EXIST IN MY VIEW IN THE 27:52.700 --> 27:56.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:32.5% CONSTITUTION. 27:54.033 --> 27:59.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% THAT'S THE UPSIDE OF IT IS 27:55.166 --> 28:04.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% THAT YOU GET TO GO BACK AND 27:56.966 --> 28:06.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% FORTH AND OVER TIME THOSE HOT 27:59.700 --> 28:08.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% ISSUES, YOU KNOW, ROE VERSES 28:04.333 --> 28:09.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% WADE FROM '73 WILL GET WORKED 28:06.533 --> 28:09.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% OUT SOME 35 YEARS LATER, AND 28:08.166 --> 28:12.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% PEOPLE'S ATTITUDES AND 28:09.066 --> 28:13.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% PERCEPTIONS HAVE CHANGED AND 28:09.933 --> 28:14.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:32.5% ARE CHANGING. 28:12.033 --> 28:15.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THAT'S A LIVING DEBATE THAT WE 28:13.533 --> 28:16.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% CAN HAVE. 28:14.233 --> 28:26.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% I DON'T NEED TO CHANGE THE 28:15.433 --> 28:28.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% CONSTITUTION TO PROVE THE 28:16.233 --> 28:29.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% POINT ONE WAY OR THE OTHER. 28:26.366 --> 28:30.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% >> JEFFERSON WAS BY NATURE A 28:28.633 --> 28:32.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% REFORMER. 28:29.000 --> 28:34.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% AND HE WAS A THINKER. 28:30.166 --> 28:35.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% AND HE WAS ALWAYS ASKING HOW 28:32.700 --> 28:36.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% CAN WE DO THIS BETTER? 28:34.033 --> 28:38.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% SO JEFFERSON WAS CERTAINLY MY 28:35.733 --> 28:39.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% INSPIRATION AND I THINK HE 28:36.833 --> 28:43.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% WOULD BE THE INSPIRATION FOR 28:38.066 --> 28:44.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% MANY OTHERS IF THEY WERE TO 28:39.333 --> 28:44.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% TACKLE CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM. 28:43.466 --> 28:46.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% JEFFERSON HAD NO FEAR OF 28:44.266 --> 28:48.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% CHANGE. 28:44.600 --> 28:49.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% HE HAD NO FEAR OF THE FUTURE. 28:46.533 --> 28:50.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% HE WELCOMED IT IN MANY 28:48.066 --> 28:51.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% RESPECTS BECAUSE HE KNEW THAT 28:49.000 --> 28:55.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% SOCIETY WOULD BE BETTER IN A 28:50.200 --> 28:57.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% HUNDRED YEARS THAN THE ONE HE 28:51.466 --> 28:58.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% SAW IN HIS OWN TIME. 28:55.300 --> 29:00.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% >> IN 1796, I THINK IT WAS, 28:57.733 --> 29:02.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% JEFFERSON BECAME THE VICE 28:58.366 --> 29:05.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES 29:00.600 --> 29:07.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% HAVING SERVED AS SECRETARY OF 29:02.733 --> 29:10.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:45% STATE UNDER GEORGE 29:05.400 --> 29:12.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% WASHINGTON'S ADMINISTRATION. 29:07.600 --> 29:13.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% AND HIS PRINCIPAL FUNCTION, IF 29:10.700 --> 29:15.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% YOU LOOK AT ARTICLE 1, SECTION 29:12.000 --> 29:16.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% 3, I BELIEVE, THE ONLY 29:13.933 --> 29:17.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% PRESCRIBED DUTY FOR THE VICE 29:15.066 --> 29:20.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES 29:16.333 --> 29:22.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% IS PRESIDING OVER THE UNITED 29:17.766 --> 29:23.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:35% STATES SENATE. 29:20.066 --> 29:25.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% AND IN THE COURSE OF TIME HE 29:22.200 --> 29:27.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% WROTE A PARLIAMENTARY MANUAL 29:23.900 --> 29:28.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% FOR THE RULES OF THE SENATE 29:25.600 --> 29:30.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% AND TO SOME EXTENT THE HOUSE. 29:27.300 --> 29:32.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% THOSE RULES STILL PERSIST 29:28.633 --> 29:34.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:15% TODAY. 29:30.600 --> 29:37.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% I THINK THE FOUNDING FATHERS, 29:32.066 --> 29:38.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% VERY WISELY, DEVISED THE 29:34.233 --> 29:43.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% SENATE, AND THAT EACH STATE BE 29:37.133 --> 29:45.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% EQUAL IN TERMS OF TWO FOR EACH 29:38.733 --> 29:47.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:15% STATE. 29:43.433 --> 29:49.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% YOU KNOW, YOU'VE READ THE 29:45.300 --> 29:50.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% STORY, I'M SURE OF, AND IT IS 29:47.433 --> 29:51.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% A FACTUALLY TRUE STORY, OF 29:49.100 --> 29:53.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% GEORGE WASHINGTON AND THOMAS 29:50.300 --> 29:54.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:25% JEFFERSON. 29:51.200 --> 29:55.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% WHEN HE RETURNED FROM FRANCE, 29:53.266 --> 29:59.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% JEFFERSON, WHO WAS NOT PART OF 29:54.233 --> 30:00.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION, 29:55.800 --> 30:01.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% QUEER YID WASHINGTON -- 29:59.633 --> 30:03.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% QUERIED WASHINGTON AS TO WHY 30:00.833 --> 30:05.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% THE HEAD OF SENATE, WHAT WAS 30:01.966 --> 30:06.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% THE PURPOSE OF THE SENATE? 30:03.800 --> 30:06.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% AND WASHINGTON SAID, WELL, 30:05.566 --> 30:07.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% YOU'VE JUST ANSWERED THE 30:06.200 --> 30:08.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% QUESTION. 30:06.566 --> 30:10.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% HE SAID WHAT DO YOU MEAN? 30:07.533 --> 30:10.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% HE SAID, YOU TOOK YOUR HOT 30:08.966 --> 30:12.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% COFFEE AND POURED IT IN THE 30:10.100 --> 30:16.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% SAUCER. 30:10.600 --> 30:21.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THE SENATE IS A SAUCER TO COOL 30:12.066 --> 30:22.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% DOWN THE RHETORIC AND THE 30:16.200 --> 30:25.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THINKING AND THE INTEMPERANCE 30:21.233 --> 30:26.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:77.5% OF WHAT WE CALL THE OTHER BODY, 30:22.733 --> 30:28.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 30:25.266 --> 30:29.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% >> PEOPLE ARE FASCINATED BY 30:26.933 --> 30:31.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% THE OPERATION OF THE UNITED 30:28.033 --> 30:32.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% STATES SENATE BECAUSE REALLY 30:29.433 --> 30:35.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% IT'S AN ANTI-DEMOCRATIC 30:31.300 --> 30:36.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% INSTITUTION. 30:32.566 --> 30:38.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:47.5% SMALL D DEMOCRATIC. 30:35.400 --> 30:40.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% EVERY STATE HAS TWO SENATORS. 30:36.866 --> 30:44.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:77.5% AND EVEN IN THE FOUNDER'S TIME, 30:38.900 --> 30:45.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% SOME STATES WERE MUCH MORE 30:40.566 --> 30:47.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% HIGHLY POPULATED THAN OTHERS. 30:44.066 --> 30:49.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% THE HIGHEST POPULATED STATE 30:45.433 --> 30:52.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% WAS 13 TIMES THE SIZE OF THE 30:47.633 --> 30:55.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% LEAST POPULATED STATE. 30:49.733 --> 30:56.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% TODAY THE RATIO IS NOT 13-1, 30:52.566 --> 30:58.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:25% IT'S 70-1. 30:55.100 --> 31:00.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% CALIFORNIA HAS 70 TIMES THE 30:56.466 --> 31:01.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% POPULATION OF WYOMING. 30:58.933 --> 31:04.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% IF YOU PUT TOGETHER ALL THE 31:00.200 --> 31:05.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% SMALL STATES AND YOU LOOK AT 31:01.866 --> 31:09.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% THEIR POPULATIONS WITH TWO 31:04.066 --> 31:10.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% SENATORS PER STATE, IT TAKES 31:05.766 --> 31:11.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% EXACTLY 17% OF THE POPULATION 31:09.533 --> 31:14.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% OF THE UNITED STATES TO ELECT 31:10.733 --> 31:15.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% A MAJORITY OF THE UNITED 31:11.833 --> 31:17.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:35% STATES SENATE. 31:14.766 --> 31:18.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:40% IS THAT HEALTHY? 31:15.633 --> 31:19.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% I MEAN, IT'S OKAY TO ASK. 31:17.666 --> 31:21.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THE FOUNDERS WOULD HAVE WANTED 31:18.933 --> 31:25.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:25% US TO ASK. 31:19.633 --> 31:26.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THEY WERE CONCERNED ABOUT THE 31:21.600 --> 31:28.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% TIERNEY -- TYRANNWHY Y OF THE 31:25.933 --> 31:29.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% MAJORITY. 31:26.333 --> 31:34.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% BUT IF THAT'S BAD, ISN'T THE 31:28.266 --> 31:35.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% OPPOSITE EXTREME ALSO BAD? 31:29.966 --> 31:37.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% WHICH IS THE TYRANNY OF THE 31:34.233 --> 31:38.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:37.5% SMALL MINORITY? 31:35.066 --> 31:39.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% IN MY VIEW 17% IS A SMALL 31:37.033 --> 31:41.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% MINORITY. 31:38.466 --> 31:42.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% >> A LOT OF WHAT THE FEDERAL 31:39.766 --> 31:44.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% GOVERNMENT DOES IS ALLOCATE 31:41.000 --> 31:45.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% TAX MONEY TO THE STATES. 31:42.566 --> 31:48.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% IT WILL COME AS NO SURPRISE TO 31:44.266 --> 31:50.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% PEOPLE THAT THE SMALL STATES 31:45.333 --> 31:51.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% GET FAR MORE THAN THEY'RE DUE. 31:48.833 --> 31:54.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% WHETHER IT'S TRANSPORTATION 31:50.533 --> 31:54.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% MONEY OR EDUCATION MONEY OR 31:51.866 --> 31:56.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% FARM SUBSIDIES, WHATEVER IT 31:54.200 --> 31:56.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% MAY BE. 31:54.933 --> 31:58.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% WHAT DOES THAT MEAN IN 31:56.300 --> 32:00.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% PRACTICE? 31:56.833 --> 32:02.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% IT MEANS THAT THE PEOPLE WHO 31:58.533 --> 32:03.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% LIVE IN THE LARGE STATES ARE 32:00.266 --> 32:04.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% SUBSIDIZING THE SMALL STATES. 32:02.500 --> 32:05.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% NOW, MAYBE THAT'S A GOOD THING 32:03.700 --> 32:06.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:45% OR MAYBE IT ISN'T. 32:04.600 --> 32:08.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% BUT WE OUGHT TO THINK ABOUT 32:05.500 --> 32:09.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:7.5% IT. 32:06.066 --> 32:09.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% WE MAY NOT CHANGE THEM, AND 32:08.033 --> 32:11.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:42.5% UNDER THE CURRENT 32:09.266 --> 32:12.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION IT 32:09.933 --> 32:16.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% MAY WELL TAKE A CONSENSUS OF 32:11.400 --> 32:16.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% THE STATES TO CHANGE THE 32:12.500 --> 32:18.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% SENATE, WHICH MEANS IT WILL 32:16.100 --> 32:21.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:32.5% NEVER HAPPEN. 32:16.933 --> 32:22.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% BECAUSE IT WOULD ONLY TAKE 32:18.266 --> 32:23.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% WYOMING TO SAY, NO, WE'RE -- 32:21.500 --> 32:25.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% WE WANT TO HAVE TWO SENATORS 32:22.633 --> 32:26.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% JUST LIKE CALIFORNIA. 32:23.800 --> 32:27.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% THERE ARE WAYS TO DO IT IN A 32:25.266 --> 32:29.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION, BUT 32:26.133 --> 32:30.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% IT WOULD BE A DIFFICULT 32:27.433 --> 32:32.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% PROCESS TO PULL THAT OFF. 32:29.166 --> 32:32.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% BUT MY POINT IS, WE OUGHT TO 32:30.966 --> 32:33.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% BE THINKING ABOUT THESE 32:32.066 --> 32:35.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% THINGS. 32:32.666 --> 32:37.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THE LEAST THAT COULD HAPPEN IS 32:33.933 --> 32:39.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% THAT PEOPLE WOULD FINALLY 32:35.400 --> 32:42.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% UNDERSTAND THE SENATE AND WHY 32:37.233 --> 32:44.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% WHY IT DOES WHAT IT DOES. 32:39.166 --> 32:45.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% AND WHY IT IS SO CONTRARIAN. 32:42.766 --> 32:47.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% AND WHY IT CONSTANTLY 32:44.300 --> 32:48.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% SOMETIMIES THE INTERESTS OF 32:45.266 --> 32:52.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% LARGER STATES AND THE HEAVY 32:47.700 --> 32:54.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% CONCENTRATIONS OF AMERICAN 32:48.666 --> 32:56.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:27.5% POPULATION. 32:52.833 --> 32:57.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% >> I BELIEVE THAT ONE OF THE 32:54.400 --> 32:59.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% REAL WEAKNESSES OF OUR 32:56.700 --> 33:01.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% POLITICAL SYSTEM IS THAT WE 32:57.933 --> 33:04.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% CAN'T FIRE A PRESIDENT IN 32:59.233 --> 33:06.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% MIDTERM IF WE NO LONGER HAVE 33:01.566 --> 33:10.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% CONFIDENCE IN HIM OR HER. 33:04.066 --> 33:11.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% WE CAN GET RID OF A CRIMINAL 33:06.433 --> 33:12.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% PRESIDENT THROUGH IMPEACHMENT, 33:10.233 --> 33:13.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THOUGH WE'VE NOT IN FACT BEEN 33:11.366 --> 33:14.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% ABLE TO DO THAT, EXCEPT 33:12.700 --> 33:17.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% POSSIBLY IN THE CASE OF 33:13.533 --> 33:18.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% RICHARD NIXON, WHO RESIGNED. 33:14.600 --> 33:21.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% IF THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF IS 33:17.266 --> 33:22.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% INCOMPETENT, LOSES CONFIDENCE 33:18.566 --> 33:23.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% IN THE COUNTRY, WE FEEL 33:21.633 --> 33:25.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% WE'LL -- WELL, WE'RE JUST 33:22.666 --> 33:27.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% STUCK WITH THAT PERSON UNTIL 33:23.900 --> 33:28.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:77.5% THE NEXT ELECTION COMES AROUND. 33:25.700 --> 33:29.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% IN MOST POLITICAL SYSTEMS 33:27.000 --> 33:30.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% AROUND THE WORLD, THERE'S A 33:28.566 --> 33:34.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% PROCEDURE FOR VOTE OF NO 33:29.700 --> 33:35.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% CONFIDENCE, WHICH I THINK WE 33:30.966 --> 33:36.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:12.5% NEED. 33:34.766 --> 33:37.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% >> I WOULD BE MUCH MORE 33:35.800 --> 33:38.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% CONCERNED WITH CHANGING THE 33:36.666 --> 33:41.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% WAY WE ELECT THE PRESIDENT 33:37.700 --> 33:42.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% BECAUSE I THINK THAT'S 33:38.866 --> 33:44.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS. 33:41.433 --> 33:46.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% >> WHAT ARE YOU AFRAID OF? 33:42.800 --> 33:47.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% COUNT ALL THE VOTES. 33:44.366 --> 33:48.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% HEY, HO, AL GORE'S GOT SOUL. 33:46.433 --> 33:49.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% >> VIRTUALLY ALL OF YOUR 33:47.800 --> 33:51.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% AUDIENCE HAS LIVED THROUGH AN 33:48.733 --> 33:52.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% EXAMPLE OF THE DANGER. 33:49.666 --> 33:55.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THIS IS IS A SYSTEMIC FLAW, IT 33:51.300 --> 33:56.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% WASN'T JUST A HAPPENEN STANDS 33:52.333 --> 33:57.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THAT IN 2000 THE PRESIDENT OF 33:55.233 --> 33:58.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THE UNITED STATES TOOK OFFICE. 33:56.266 --> 34:00.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THERE WAS NO PRETENSE THAT WE 33:57.700 --> 34:01.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% REALLY WANTED TO KNOW HOW THE 33:58.666 --> 34:02.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% PEOPLE OF FLORIDA HAD VOTED. 34:00.900 --> 34:04.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% COUNT'S OVER, WE'RE PUTTING 34:01.933 --> 34:05.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:35% BUSH IN PLACE. 34:02.566 --> 34:06.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% WELL, WHY WERE THEY EVEN ABLE 34:04.500 --> 34:08.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:27.5% TO DO THAT? 34:05.200 --> 34:10.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% BECAUSE THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE 34:06.600 --> 34:12.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% SYSTEM. 34:08.633 --> 34:13.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% BECAUSE WHO CARRIED FLORIDA 34:10.633 --> 34:15.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% DETERMINED THE ELECTION. 34:12.233 --> 34:19.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% IF WE HAD A PRESIDENT ELECTED 34:13.633 --> 34:21.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% BY POPULAR VOTE, THIS SIMPLY 34:15.800 --> 34:22.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:40% WOULDN'T HAPPEN. 34:19.500 --> 34:23.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% AND WE WOULD NEVER HAVE A 34:21.133 --> 34:24.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% PRESIDENT WHO TOOK OFFICE WITH 34:22.166 --> 34:28.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% FEWER VOTES THAN ANOTHER 34:23.533 --> 34:29.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:25% CANDIDATE. 34:24.466 --> 34:31.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% THAT'S INDEFENSIBLE. 34:28.966 --> 34:33.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% AND YOU KNOW THIS NEARLY 34:29.966 --> 34:35.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:77.5% HAPPENED THE OTHER WAY IN 2004, 34:31.500 --> 34:36.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% IF KERRY HAD CARRIED OHIO. 34:33.266 --> 34:38.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:45% AND JUST AS WRONG. 34:35.900 --> 34:39.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% THE PRESIDENT SHOULD BE 34:36.766 --> 34:40.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% ELECTED BY THE PEOPLE, AND AT 34:38.400 --> 34:42.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% A MINIMUM SHOULD BE THE 34:39.600 --> 34:43.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% CANDIDATE WHO GETS MORE VOTES 34:40.766 --> 34:44.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% THAN EVERYBODY ELSE. 34:42.600 --> 34:46.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% BUT HE CERTAINLY SHOULDN'T BE 34:43.500 --> 34:46.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% THE NUMBER TWO FINISHER. 34:44.566 --> 34:54.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% YOU KNOW, THINK ABOUT IT FOR A 34:46.533 --> 34:55.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% MINUTE. 34:46.866 --> 34:55.533 align:start position:10% line:68.67% size:45% HOW COULD THAT BE? 34:54.100 --> 34:55.533 align:start position:10% line:74% size:2.5% ♪ 34:56.366 --> 34:59.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% >> UNITED STATES HAS THE MOST 34:57.800 --> 35:00.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:45% DIFFICULT TO AMEND 34:58.833 --> 35:01.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% CONSTITUTION IN THE ENTIRE 34:59.766 --> 35:02.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:15% WORLD. 35:00.366 --> 35:03.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% PEOPLE MIGHT REMEMBER THAT IT 35:01.300 --> 35:07.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% TAKES TWO-THIRDS OF EACH HOUSE 35:02.800 --> 35:08.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% OF CONGRESS AND THREE QUARTERS 35:03.833 --> 35:09.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:35% OF THE STATES. 35:07.300 --> 35:10.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% THIS MEANS THAT IN ORDER TO 35:08.366 --> 35:14.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% WIN WHAT I CALL THE AMENDMENT 35:09.533 --> 35:17.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% GAME, YOU HAVE TO GET 67 VOTES 35:10.833 --> 35:20.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% IN THE SENATE, WHATEVER 35:14.100 --> 35:24.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% TWO-THIRDS OF 435 IS IN THE 35:17.866 --> 35:25.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% HOUSE PLUS A MINIMUM OF 75 35:20.700 --> 35:28.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% STATE LEGISLATIVE HOUSES. 35:24.466 --> 35:29.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% THAT'S IF YOU WANT TO STATE 35:25.400 --> 35:30.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% THE CHANGE -- CHANGE THE 35:28.200 --> 35:31.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:32.5% CONSTITUTION. 35:29.500 --> 35:32.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% >> THERE HAVE BEEN 9,000 35:30.933 --> 35:33.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% AMENDMENTS SUBMITTED TO 35:31.700 --> 35:33.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% CONGRESS. 35:32.300 --> 35:35.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% MOST OF THEM SHOULD HAVE BEEN 35:33.300 --> 35:36.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% KILLED. 35:33.900 --> 35:38.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% BUT SHOULD VIRTUALLY ALL OF 35:35.233 --> 35:38.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THEM HAVE BEEN KILLED WITHOUT 35:36.366 --> 35:40.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% SUBMITTING TO THE STATES FOR 35:38.166 --> 35:42.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:32.5% RATIFICATION? 35:38.733 --> 35:43.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THERE WERE A LOT OF GOOD IDEAS 35:40.000 --> 35:44.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% IN THERE. 35:42.066 --> 35:46.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% MAYBE THEY WERE A RELATIVE 35:43.933 --> 35:47.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% HANDFUL COMPARED TO THE BAD 35:44.866 --> 35:51.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% IDEAS, BUT CONGRESS HAS BEEN 35:46.233 --> 35:54.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% VERY STINGY IN SUBMITTING 35:47.666 --> 35:55.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% PROPOSALS AND AMENDMENTS TO 35:51.033 --> 35:56.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% THE STATES FOR RATIFICATION. 35:54.300 --> 35:59.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% >> I WENT BACK AND CHECKED 35:55.300 --> 36:01.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% FROM THE TIME I ENTERED THE 35:56.333 --> 36:02.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% SENATE IN 1968 UNTIL I LEFT IN 35:59.033 --> 36:05.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% 1996, AND I THINK THERE WERE 36:01.000 --> 36:07.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% 35 OR 40 ATTEMPTS TO AMEND THE 36:02.933 --> 36:08.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:32.5% CONSTITUTION. 36:05.633 --> 36:09.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% I SUPPORTED DC STATEHOOD, 36:07.366 --> 36:11.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% WHICH DIDN'T MAKE IT. 36:08.266 --> 36:13.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% IT WAS ONLY RATIFIED BY, I 36:09.733 --> 36:15.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% THINK, 16 OF THE REQUIRED 38 36:11.400 --> 36:16.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% STATES. 36:13.866 --> 36:18.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% YOU CAN GO DOWN THE LIST, 36:15.266 --> 36:19.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% BALANCED BUDGET AMENDMENT, 36:16.533 --> 36:20.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% VOLUNTARY PRAYER IN SCHOOL. 36:18.233 --> 36:21.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:37.5% LINE ITEM VETO. 36:19.633 --> 36:22.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:40% ABORTION RIGHTS. 36:20.100 --> 36:23.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% SOME OF THOSE THINGS I THINK 36:21.766 --> 36:26.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:35% SHOULD HAPPEN. 36:22.266 --> 36:28.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% OTHERS, I JUST AS SOON THEY 36:23.633 --> 36:29.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:35% DIDN'T HAPPEN. 36:26.700 --> 36:30.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% >> ONE OF THE FIRST PIECES OF 36:28.300 --> 36:33.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% LEGISLATION I WORKED ON WAS 36:29.400 --> 36:34.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:40% THE VOTING BILL. 36:30.366 --> 36:36.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% THE AMENDMENT IN '78 FOR THE 36:33.166 --> 36:38.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% DC RESIDENTS TO GET TO VOTE. 36:34.666 --> 36:40.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% AND IT WENT THROUGH THE, YOU 36:36.066 --> 36:45.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% KNOW, IT'S JUST FASCINATING TO 36:38.333 --> 36:46.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% BE THAT CLOSE TO IT AND WATCH 36:40.866 --> 36:47.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% THIS PROCESS UNFOLD. 36:45.533 --> 36:49.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% THE NEGOTIATIONS AND THE 36:46.400 --> 36:51.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% ARGUMENTS AND THE THREATS AND 36:47.766 --> 36:54.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% ALL THAT JUST TO GET IT OUT OF 36:49.300 --> 36:57.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% CONGRESS. 36:51.100 --> 36:58.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% AND THEN YOU'RE SENDING IT TO 36:54.500 --> 37:00.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:80% 50 STATE SLOOURS, ALL OF WHOM -- 36:57.366 --> 37:01.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% LEGISLATURES, ALL OF WHOM HAVE 36:58.633 --> 37:02.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% A VERY DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE 37:00.733 --> 37:04.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE 37:01.433 --> 37:05.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 37:02.366 --> 37:06.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% AND IT AIN'T HAPPENING. 37:04.066 --> 37:09.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THE STATES ARE LIKE, "I DON'T 37:05.466 --> 37:09.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:25% THINK SO." 37:06.933 --> 37:17.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% AND SO YOU DON'T GET YOUR 37:09.400 --> 37:18.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% NUMBER. 37:09.833 --> 37:19.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% BUT THAT'S THE PROCESS. 37:17.200 --> 37:20.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% >> WE TRIED TO GET AN EQUAL 37:18.633 --> 37:21.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% RIGHTS AMENDMENT PUT INTO THE 37:19.833 --> 37:23.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% CONSTITUTION BECAUSE IF YOU 37:20.500 --> 37:24.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% TAKE A CLOSE LOOK AT IT, YOU 37:21.866 --> 37:25.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% KNOW WOMEN WERE ALMOST LEFT 37:23.933 --> 37:26.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:10% OUT. 37:24.933 --> 37:27.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% WE GOT THE 19th AMENDMENT TO 37:25.966 --> 37:28.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:12.5% VOTE. 37:26.366 --> 37:29.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% I WORKED ON THE EQUAL RIGHTS 37:27.800 --> 37:31.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% AMENDMENT WHEN I WAS IN 37:28.566 --> 37:34.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% CONGRESS. 37:29.033 --> 37:35.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% IT HAD TAKEN FROM THE TIME -- 37:31.300 --> 37:38.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% FROM 1923 TO 1972, '73 FOR IT 37:34.766 --> 37:39.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% TO COME TO THE CONGRESS FOR 37:35.966 --> 37:41.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:27.5% DISCUSSION. 37:38.733 --> 37:42.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% WE HAVEN'T EXCLUDED PEOPLE 37:39.700 --> 37:44.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% BECAUSE OF RACE, WE HAD AN 37:41.100 --> 37:45.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% AMENDMENT THAT STOPPED THAT. 37:42.333 --> 37:46.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% BUT LET'S STOP EXCLUDING AND 37:44.066 --> 37:49.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% DISCRIMINATING AGAINST WOMEN 37:45.066 --> 37:50.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% BECAUSE OF GENDER AND LET'S 37:46.400 --> 37:51.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% PUT IT IN THE CONSTITUTION. 37:49.466 --> 37:56.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% >> HA IT PASSED IT WOULD HAVE 37:50.433 --> 37:57.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% BEEN A GREAT STEP FORWARD FOR 37:51.700 --> 37:58.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% HUMAN RIGHTS, AND I THINK FOR 37:56.300 --> 37:59.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% RELATIONS BETWEEN MEN AND 37:57.300 --> 38:00.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% WOMEN IN THIS COUNTRY, BUT IT 37:58.833 --> 38:01.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% FAILED. 37:59.166 --> 38:03.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% I GUESS THE PROCEDURE, AT 38:00.066 --> 38:04.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% LEAST FROM MY KNOWLEDGE, SEEMS 38:01.000 --> 38:07.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:27.5% TO BE OKAY. 38:03.433 --> 38:09.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% EVERYBODY HAS A SAY, EVERYBODY 38:04.666 --> 38:10.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% HAS A CHANCE TO SAY YES OR NO. 38:07.733 --> 38:13.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% >> THE FOUNDERS WANTED TO SEE 38:09.800 --> 38:14.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% SOME LIMITATIONS ON CONGRESS. 38:10.966 --> 38:16.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% SO IN ARTICLE V THEY PROVIDED 38:13.233 --> 38:18.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% US WITH A SECOND MEANS TO 38:14.500 --> 38:18.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:25% AMENDMENT. 38:16.733 --> 38:19.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% AND REALLY FOR MANY OF THE 38:18.000 --> 38:20.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% FOUNDERS IT WAS THE PREFERRED 38:18.866 --> 38:21.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:47.5% MEANS OF AMENDMENT. 38:19.433 --> 38:26.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% IT WAS TO PROVIDE THE STATES 38:20.633 --> 38:27.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% WITH DIRECT ACCESS TO CHANGING 38:21.733 --> 38:30.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:42.5% THE CONSTITUTION. 38:26.166 --> 38:31.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% 34 STATES UNDER OUR CURRENT 38:27.233 --> 38:33.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% SYSTEM OF 50 STATES CAN 38:30.066 --> 38:34.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% REQUEST THAT THE CONGRESS CALL 38:31.066 --> 38:38.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% A CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION. 38:33.300 --> 38:38.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% CONGRESS HAS NO LEEWAY. 38:34.733 --> 38:40.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% IT MUST CALL A CONSTITUTIONAL 38:38.033 --> 38:42.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:27.5% CONVENTION. 38:38.433 --> 38:42.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% AND IT REALLY HAS NO ROLE IN 38:40.266 --> 38:44.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION. 38:42.000 --> 38:47.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% THAT'S UP TO THE STATEMENTS. 38:42.766 --> 38:48.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% SO THE CONSTITUTIONAL 38:44.066 --> 38:48.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% CONVENTION BECAUSE OF THE 38:47.400 --> 38:49.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% PRE-EMINENT -- BECOMES THE 38:48.233 --> 38:50.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% PRE-EMINENT AUTHORITY, NOT 38:48.933 --> 38:53.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% CONGRESS. 38:49.300 --> 38:55.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% YOU COULD NEVER GET AN END TO 38:50.533 --> 38:57.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% THE JERRYMANDERING THE 38:53.500 --> 38:57.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% DISTORTIONS OF DISTRICTS THAT 38:55.533 --> 38:58.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% FAVOR THE INCUMBENTS THROUGH 38:57.033 --> 38:59.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% CONGRESS. 38:57.400 --> 39:02.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% OF COURSE THEY WOULD NEVER 38:58.833 --> 39:05.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% AGREE TO THAT BECAUSE IT WOULD 38:59.966 --> 39:07.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% THREATEN THEIR REELECTIONS. 39:02.366 --> 39:09.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% THE ONLY WAY WE'LL EVER END 39:05.700 --> 39:10.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% JERRYMANNEDDERING IS THROUGH A 39:07.166 --> 39:10.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION WHEN 39:09.466 --> 39:12.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% INDIVIDUAL DELEGATES 39:10.033 --> 39:13.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% REPRESENTING THE STATES CAN 39:10.900 --> 39:15.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% TAKE OVER THE PROCESS AND 39:12.433 --> 39:19.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% SUBMIT AMENDMENTS TO THE 50 39:13.766 --> 39:21.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% STATES ASKING 38 OF THEM TO 39:15.233 --> 39:23.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% RATIFY. 39:19.833 --> 39:25.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% >> AND THE CENSUS OF 2000 39:21.700 --> 39:28.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% IDENTIFIED 4.1 MILLION NATIVE 39:23.300 --> 39:28.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:77.5% AMERICANS AND LAST CAN NATIVES. 39:25.400 --> 39:30.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% -- ALASKAN NATIVES. 39:28.033 --> 39:32.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% WHEN YOU LOOK IN THE 39:28.733 --> 39:33.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% CONSTITUTION, DO YOU SEE 1.4% 39:30.333 --> 39:35.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% OF OUR PEOPLE REPRESENTED? 39:32.200 --> 39:36.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% THERE NEEDS TO BE SOME 39:33.833 --> 39:41.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% MECHANISM THAT CAN ENSURE THE 39:35.966 --> 39:43.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT IS 39:36.900 --> 39:44.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% REPRESENTATIVE OF ALL THE 39:41.200 --> 39:45.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% PEOPLE WITHIN THE GOVERNMENT. 39:43.666 --> 39:46.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% OBJECTIVE REDISTRICTING WOULD 39:44.666 --> 39:50.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:40% ACCOMPLISH THAT. 39:45.200 --> 39:52.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% I THINK IT'S TIME FOR ANOTHER 39:46.666 --> 39:53.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:27.5% CONVENTION. 39:50.300 --> 39:58.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% YOU KNOW, THE BASICS STILL 39:52.066 --> 39:59.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% REMAIN SOUND, BUT I THINK WE 39:53.166 --> 40:00.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% NEED TO TAKE ANOTHER LOOK. 39:58.133 --> 40:01.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% >> ONE OF THE THINGS I FEAR 39:59.233 --> 40:03.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% ABOUT HAVING A CONSTITUTIONAL 40:00.166 --> 40:04.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% CONVENTION IS A -- IN A TIME 40:01.833 --> 40:08.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% OF CRISIS IS THAT THE 40:03.100 --> 40:09.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:47.5% MOMENTARY CONCERNS, 40:04.133 --> 40:10.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% UNDERSTANDABLE MOMENTARY 40:08.366 --> 40:12.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% CONCERNS ABOUT NATIONAL 40:09.066 --> 40:15.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% SECURITY WILL PRESSURE PEOPLE, 40:10.433 --> 40:16.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% PERSUADE THEM TO MAKE MASSIVE 40:12.300 --> 40:17.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% CHANGES IN THE BASIC STRUCTURE 40:15.166 --> 40:19.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% THAT WOULD COMPROMISE 40:16.200 --> 40:21.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND EQUALITY 40:17.233 --> 40:22.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% RIGHTS AND EXPAND THE POWER OF 40:19.533 --> 40:27.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THE EXECUTIVE FOR THE FUTURE, 40:21.266 --> 40:30.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% NOT JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS 40:22.066 --> 40:31.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% TEMPORARY, PASSING CRISIS. 40:27.166 --> 40:32.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% >> I HAVE AN INNATE FEAR OF 40:30.966 --> 40:34.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS 40:31.766 --> 40:35.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% BECAUSE I'VE ALWAYS THAT THAT 40:32.866 --> 40:36.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% IF WE CALL A CONSTITUTIONAL 40:34.200 --> 40:38.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% CONVENTION LET'S SAY TO 40:35.433 --> 40:39.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% REWRITE THE SECOND AMENDMENT, 40:36.566 --> 40:40.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% THAT THE REWRITERS WOULDN'T 40:38.333 --> 40:41.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:27.5% STOP THERE. 40:39.033 --> 40:43.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% AND THEY'D REWRITE SOMETHING 40:40.133 --> 40:45.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% THAT I THINK IS ABSOLUTELY 40:41.666 --> 40:46.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% PERFECT AND CHANGE IT TO 40:43.033 --> 40:48.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% SOMETHING THAT WAS HARMFUL AND 40:45.000 --> 40:51.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:10% BAD. 40:46.366 --> 40:53.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% SO, FLAWED AS IT MAY BE, I'M 40:48.700 --> 40:54.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% WILLING TO HAVE IT STAY AS IS 40:51.200 --> 40:56.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% UNTIL I CAN HEAR A CONVINCING 40:53.800 --> 40:58.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% ARGUMENT THAT WILL CHANGE ONLY 40:54.933 --> 41:00.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% THIS BAD THING OR MAKE THIS 40:56.666 --> 41:02.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% UNCLEAR THING MORE CLEAR THAN 40:58.766 --> 41:03.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% IT IS NOW AND WE WON'T DO 41:00.533 --> 41:05.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% ANYTHING ELSE IF I COULD HAVE 41:02.466 --> 41:06.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% THAT ASSURANCE, I'D SAY GO 41:03.933 --> 41:07.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:15% AHEAD. 41:05.300 --> 41:10.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% >> PEOPLE FORGET THAT A 41:06.600 --> 41:11.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION IS 41:07.300 --> 41:12.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:47.5% NOT THE FINAL WORD. 41:10.000 --> 41:13.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% THE STATES ARE ALWAYS THE 41:11.266 --> 41:14.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:27.5% FINAL WORD. 41:12.000 --> 41:15.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% EVERY SINGLE WORD CHANGE OF 41:13.433 --> 41:17.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THE CONSTITUTION COMING OUT OF 41:14.866 --> 41:18.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% A CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION 41:15.600 --> 41:22.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% MUST BE SUBMITTED TO THE 50 41:17.233 --> 41:26.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% STATES, AND 38 STATES MUST 41:18.933 --> 41:27.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:20% APPROVE. 41:22.866 --> 41:28.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% HOW MANY DEMOCRATIC BLUE 41:26.000 --> 41:29.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:42.5% STATES ARE THERE? 41:27.366 --> 41:31.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:32.5% THERE ARE 18. 41:28.333 --> 41:32.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% HOW MANY REPUBLICAN AND RED 41:29.366 --> 41:34.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:42.5% STATES ARE THERE? 41:31.366 --> 41:35.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:32.5% THERE ARE 24. 41:32.700 --> 41:37.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% THE OTHER STATES BEING 41:34.366 --> 41:39.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% COMPETITIVE IN PURPLE. 41:35.166 --> 41:40.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% WELL, IF THE DEMOCRATIC STATES 41:37.966 --> 41:42.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% HANG TOGETHER AS THEY WOULD TO 41:39.233 --> 41:44.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:77.5% DEFEAT ANY CONSERVATIVE CHANGE, 41:40.533 --> 41:45.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% NOTHING WILL BE RATIFIED. 41:42.233 --> 41:48.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% IF THE 24 REPUBLICAN STATES 41:44.066 --> 41:51.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% STAY TOGETHER TO DEFEAT ANY 41:45.433 --> 41:52.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% LIBERAL CHANGE, NOTHING FROM 41:48.133 --> 41:55.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% THE LEFT WILL BE RATIFIED. 41:51.233 --> 41:57.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% SO MUCH OF THE FEAR THAT 41:52.566 --> 42:01.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% PEOPLE HAVE ABOUT A RUNAWAY 41:55.733 --> 42:01.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% CONVENTION IS JUST INSANE. 41:57.366 --> 42:02.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% IT'S ABSOLUTELY INSANE -- 42:01.033 --> 42:02.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% UNTRUE. 42:01.366 --> 42:04.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% IT IS NOT JUSTIFIED BY THE 42:02.600 --> 42:06.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:15% FACTS. 42:02.900 --> 42:10.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% IT IS OUR FEAR OF THE FUTURE 42:04.633 --> 42:12.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% AND IT HAS BECOME OUR FEAR OF 42:06.233 --> 42:14.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% ONE ANOTHER. 42:10.800 --> 42:15.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% >> I'D MUCH RATHER HAVE 42:12.266 --> 42:16.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% SOMEONE LOOK ME IN THE EYE AND 42:14.233 --> 42:18.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% SAY, YOU KNOW, I THINK WE HAVE 42:15.900 --> 42:20.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% A TERRIFIC CONSTITUTION. 42:16.833 --> 42:22.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% I THINK THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE 42:18.766 --> 42:25.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% IS GREAT. 42:20.900 --> 42:27.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% I LIKE THE SENATE AND THE 42:22.433 --> 42:28.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% UNEQUAL REPRESENTATION. 42:25.933 --> 42:30.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% SO EVERYTHING YOU THINK IS A 42:27.100 --> 42:34.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% WEAKNESS, I THINK IS A 42:28.166 --> 42:35.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% STRENGTH. 42:30.800 --> 42:37.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% I'D OBVIOUSLY DISAGREE WITH 42:34.266 --> 42:39.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% THAT PERSON, BUT I WOULD 42:35.333 --> 42:40.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% RATHER HAVE SOMEBODY TELL ME 42:37.466 --> 42:41.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% THAT THAN SAY, YOU KNOW, I 42:39.000 --> 42:43.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% THINK YOU'RE PROBABLY RIGHT. 42:40.366 --> 42:46.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% YOU REALLY HAVE IDENTIFIED A 42:41.800 --> 42:48.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% LOT OF WEAKNESSES IN OUR 42:43.333 --> 42:49.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% POLITICAL STRUCTURE. 42:46.333 --> 42:50.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% BUT, YOU KNOW, I JUST DON'T 42:48.100 --> 42:56.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% HAVE ENOUGH FAITH IN MY FELLOW 42:49.633 --> 43:03.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% AMERICANS THAT THEY'RE CAPABLE 42:50.900 --> 43:04.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% OF BEING AS TEMPERATE AND 42:56.833 --> 43:06.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% RATIONAL AS YOU AND I ARE. 43:03.466 --> 43:07.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% >> I THINK A CONSTITUTIONAL 43:04.966 --> 43:09.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% CONVENTION IS INEVITABLE AT 43:06.566 --> 43:09.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:27.5% SOME POINT. 43:07.833 --> 43:10.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% WHEN THAT POINT WILL BE, NO 43:09.033 --> 43:13.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% ONE CAN SAY. 43:09.633 --> 43:16.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% IT MAY BE AFTER A CRISIS. 43:10.900 --> 43:17.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% IT MAY BE A VERY UNSUCCESSFUL 43:13.300 --> 43:19.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% FOREIGN WAR ON -- OR A 43:16.600 --> 43:20.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% TERRIBLE DEPRESSION. 43:17.633 --> 43:22.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% THERE MAY BE SOMETHING THAT 43:19.333 --> 43:24.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% TRIGGERS A REEXAMINATION OF 43:20.366 --> 43:25.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:42.5% AMERICAN SOCIETY. 43:22.533 --> 43:28.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% BUT WE HOPE THE AMERICAN 43:24.166 --> 43:29.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% REPUBLIC GOES ON FOREVER. 43:25.400 --> 43:31.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% FOR CENTURIES AND SEND TUR -- 43:28.866 --> 43:33.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:25% CENTURIES. 43:29.500 --> 43:34.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% AT SOME POINT THE SYSTEM, 43:31.400 --> 43:35.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% FRANKLY, IS GOING TO 43:33.266 --> 43:45.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% DETERIORATE ENOUGH SO THAT 43:34.300 --> 43:45.700 align:start position:10% line:68.67% size:62.5% INTELLIGENT CITIZENS WILL 43:35.300 --> 43:45.700 align:start position:10% line:74% size:60% DEMAND A NEW CONVENTION. 43:50.233 --> 43:53.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% >> THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED 43:51.200 --> 43:54.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% STATES BELIEVES THAT HE HAD 43:52.033 --> 43:55.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% THE POWER TO GO INTO THE WAR 43:53.233 --> 43:57.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% WITH IRAQ ON THE BASIS OF 43:54.400 --> 43:59.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% BEING THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF 43:55.433 --> 44:00.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% OF THE ARMED FORCES. 43:57.866 --> 44:01.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% NOW, ANYBODY THAT STUDIED 43:59.066 --> 44:02.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% AMERICAN HISTORY AND AMERICAN 44:00.500 --> 44:05.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY KNOWS 44:01.433 --> 44:06.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% THAT'S A RIDICULOUS CLAIM. 44:02.866 --> 44:10.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% BUT DOES THE PUBLIC? 44:05.266 --> 44:11.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% SO WHEN CONGRESS DOESN'T PUSH 44:06.433 --> 44:12.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% BACK AND SAY, "NO, YOU DON'T. 44:10.266 --> 44:13.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% YOU JUST CAN'T COMMIT TROOPS 44:11.366 --> 44:16.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% TO THIS." 44:12.533 --> 44:17.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% IS ANYBODY TELLING THE 44:13.633 --> 44:19.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% CONGRESS, PUSH BACK? 44:16.300 --> 44:21.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THIS IS A DECISION ABOUT WAR. 44:17.666 --> 44:23.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% MAYBE WE SHOULD GO TO WAR, 44:19.933 --> 44:24.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:45% MAYBE THAT'S OKAY. 44:21.200 --> 44:26.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% BUT WE SHOULD HAVE A DEBATE. 44:23.266 --> 44:27.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% >> THIS IS THE MOST CRITICAL 44:24.866 --> 44:28.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% DECISION A PRESIDENT OR A 44:26.000 --> 44:29.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% COUNTRY CAN EVER MAKE, 44:27.100 --> 44:32.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% COMMITTING OUR YOUNG PEOPLE TO 44:28.500 --> 44:34.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% POTENTIAL INJURY AND TO 44:29.366 --> 44:36.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% KILLING OTHERS AS WELL, YOU'D 44:32.933 --> 44:38.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% HAVE TO HAVE A DECLARATION OF 44:34.300 --> 44:40.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:10% WAR. 44:36.833 --> 44:41.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% >> THE LAST DECLARATION OF WAR 44:38.366 --> 44:44.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:42.5% WAS WORLD WAR II. 44:40.500 --> 44:45.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% AND OUR TROOPS HAVE BEEN 44:41.500 --> 44:46.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% ENGAGED MANY TIMES, DEPENDING 44:44.066 --> 44:47.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% ON THE INTENSITY OF THE 44:45.500 --> 44:52.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% CONFLICT. 44:46.800 --> 44:53.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% AND THE CONGRESS HAS NEVER 44:47.966 --> 44:58.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% SEEN FIT TO DECLARE WAR SINCE. 44:52.133 --> 45:00.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% WHY IS A QUESTION I CAN'T 44:53.666 --> 45:02.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% ANSWER. 44:58.833 --> 45:04.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% >> I REMEMBER RONALD REAGAN 45:00.800 --> 45:05.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% WAS TELLING ME ONE TIME 45:02.666 --> 45:06.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THERE'S THAT PHONE BY YOUR BED 45:04.066 --> 45:07.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% AND IT RINGS AT 4:00 IN THE 45:05.433 --> 45:08.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:20% MORNING. 45:06.000 --> 45:11.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% AND THE VOICE IN A VERY CALM 45:07.333 --> 45:12.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% WAY IS IN THE COMMAND CENTER 45:08.433 --> 45:14.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, 45:11.033 --> 45:15.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% OR THE WHITE HOUSE OR THE 45:12.066 --> 45:16.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:77.5% VARIOUS AREAS, AND SAYING, NOW, 45:14.600 --> 45:17.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% MR. PRESIDENT, THIS IS THE 45:15.533 --> 45:19.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:25% SITUATION. 45:16.266 --> 45:20.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% THERE'S SO MANY AMERICANS 45:17.233 --> 45:22.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% ABOUT TO BE TAKEN HOSTAGE, OUR 45:19.033 --> 45:25.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% MILITARY IS POISED TO TAKE 45:20.633 --> 45:27.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% ACTIONS TO DO THE RESCUE, BUT 45:22.366 --> 45:28.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:77.5% I MUST TELL YOU, MR. PRESIDENT, 45:25.233 --> 45:31.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% TO DO THIS RESCUE WILL HAVE TO 45:27.600 --> 45:32.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% INVOLVE VIOLATION OF THE 45:28.533 --> 45:33.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% SOVEREIGN RIGHTS OF NATIONS, 45:31.933 --> 45:34.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% OVERFLIGHT OR WHATEVER THE 45:32.566 --> 45:35.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% CASE MAY BE. 45:33.333 --> 45:36.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% WHAT'S THE DECISION, 45:34.466 --> 45:37.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:35% MR. PRESIDENT? 45:35.333 --> 45:39.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% HE'S GOTTA MAKE THAT DECISION. 45:36.866 --> 45:40.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% THERE IS NO TIME FOR THE 45:37.900 --> 45:42.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% PRESIDENT TO SIT DOWN AND 45:39.000 --> 45:47.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% ASSEMBLE A WHOLE GROUP OF 45:40.366 --> 45:48.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% PEOPLE. 45:42.566 --> 45:50.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% >> IT'S PRETTY CLEAR TO ME 45:47.333 --> 45:52.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% THAT THE TWO TERMS OF GEORGE 45:48.766 --> 45:53.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% BUSH HAVE BEEN AN ASSAULT ON 45:50.200 --> 45:54.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:42.5% THE CONSTITUTION. 45:52.466 --> 45:56.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% WE SEE IT IN THE TREATMENT OF 45:53.700 --> 45:58.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% PRISONERS, WE SEE IT IN THE 45:54.866 --> 46:03.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% RULES ABOUT WIRE TAPPING, WE 45:56.133 --> 46:04.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% SEE IT IN A JUST NARROWING OF 45:58.033 --> 46:06.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% THE FREEDOMS WE ALL ENJOY. 46:03.366 --> 46:07.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% AND UNLESS WE CORRECT THESE OR 46:04.733 --> 46:09.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% BEAT THEM BACK, WE'RE GOING TO 46:06.600 --> 46:10.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% LIVE IN A DIFFERENT AMERICA 46:07.933 --> 46:11.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THAN WE THOUGHT WE WERE LIVING 46:09.633 --> 46:13.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:7.5% IN. 46:10.133 --> 46:15.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% AND IT'S SURPRISING TO ME HOW 46:11.933 --> 46:15.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% FEW PEOPLE ARE ALARMED ABOUT 46:13.900 --> 46:18.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THIS, BECAUSE I DON'T CARE IF 46:15.233 --> 46:20.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% YOU'RE A REPUBLICAN OR 46:15.933 --> 46:21.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% DEMOCRAT, A CONSERVATIVE, A 46:18.800 --> 46:23.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% LIBERAL, OR DON'T CARE AT ALL 46:20.833 --> 46:24.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% ABOUT THESE THINGS, THIS 46:21.766 --> 46:25.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% AFFECTS YOU. 46:23.066 --> 46:26.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% AND YOU NEED TO BE ON THE 46:24.300 --> 46:27.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% ALERT ABOUT IT, AND YOU NEED 46:25.433 --> 46:28.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% TO SAY STOP. 46:26.800 --> 46:29.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% I WANT A CONSTITUTION THAT 46:27.700 --> 46:30.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% SPEAKS TO EVERYBODY. 46:28.233 --> 46:30.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% I WANT A CONSTITUTION THAT 46:29.400 --> 46:31.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% PROTECTS FREEDOM FOR 46:30.266 --> 46:32.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:25% EVERYBODY. 46:30.633 --> 46:35.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% I WANT A CONSTITUTION THAT 46:31.533 --> 46:36.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% PROTECTS MY RIGHT TO ASK 46:32.566 --> 46:38.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:25% QUESTIONS. 46:35.533 --> 46:39.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:25% [ SIRENS ] 46:36.233 --> 46:39.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% >> I THINK PEOPLE AREN'T 46:38.200 --> 46:42.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% ALARMED FOR A VARIETY OF 46:39.200 --> 46:43.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:20% REASONS. 46:39.533 --> 46:44.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% FIRST, THE SPECTER OF 46:42.566 --> 46:45.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% TERRORISM HAS TERRIFIED MANY 46:43.600 --> 46:47.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:15% OF US. 46:44.100 --> 46:50.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% I MEAN, THE 9-11 WAS SUCH A 46:45.833 --> 46:51.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% DEVASTATING BLOW TO 0 NOT ONLY 46:47.500 --> 46:52.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:77.5% OUR PERSONS, BUT TO OUR PSYCHE, 46:50.233 --> 46:53.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% THAT WE COULD BE ATTACKED IN 46:51.500 --> 46:55.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% THIS WAY. 46:52.666 --> 46:57.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% >> AND IT MADE SOME OF US SAY, 46:53.633 --> 46:57.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% WELL, I'LL DO ANYTHING TO MAKE 46:55.500 --> 46:58.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% SURE THAT SOMETHING LIKE THAT 46:57.033 --> 47:00.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% NEVER HAPPENS AGAIN. 46:57.933 --> 47:02.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% AND IF ALLOWING THE GOVERNMENT 46:58.900 --> 47:03.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% TO LISTEN IN ON MY TELEPHONE 47:00.233 --> 47:05.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% CALLS IS A WAY TO STOP THAT 47:02.033 --> 47:06.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% FROM HAPPENING, THEN THAT'S 47:03.900 --> 47:07.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:12.5% OKAY. 47:05.833 --> 47:09.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% BUT THAT'S NOT OKAY. 47:06.666 --> 47:10.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% I DON'T WANT THE GOVERNMENT 47:07.766 --> 47:13.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% LISTENING IN ON MY TELEPHONE 47:09.033 --> 47:14.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% CALLS UNLESS THEY HAVE SOME 47:10.066 --> 47:15.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% PROBABLE CAUSE TO DO SO. 47:13.333 --> 47:16.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% UNLESS I'M ABOUT TO COMMIT 47:14.766 --> 47:18.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% SOME CRIME AND THEY KNOW ABOUT 47:15.933 --> 47:18.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:7.5% IT. 47:16.333 --> 47:19.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% NO, DON'T LISTEN TO MY 47:18.033 --> 47:21.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:40% TELEPHONE CALLS. 47:18.666 --> 47:23.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THESE ARE MY TELEPHONE CALLS. 47:19.766 --> 47:23.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% THESE ARE MY WORDS I SPEAK. 47:21.066 --> 47:28.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% AND YOU HAVE NO RIGHT TO LIMIT 47:23.000 --> 47:30.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% ANY OF THAT. 47:23.600 --> 47:31.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:12.5% EVER. 47:28.166 --> 47:32.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% >> MR. PRESIDENT, YOU'RE 47:30.200 --> 47:34.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% EITHER RIGHT OR YOU'RE WRONG. 47:31.633 --> 47:35.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% WHERE'S THE PROBLEM HERE? 47:32.500 --> 47:36.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% I DON'T GET IT, WHERE'S THE 47:34.033 --> 47:38.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:20% PROBLEM? 47:35.200 --> 47:38.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% ALL THESE PEOPLE ARE SO UPSET 47:36.500 --> 47:41.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% BY HIS INTERPRETATION, THEN 47:38.100 --> 47:43.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:20% SUE HIM. 47:38.600 --> 47:43.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THEN SAY, YOU KNOW WHAT, IT'S 47:41.166 --> 47:44.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% A CAUSE OF ACTION THAT SAYS 47:43.366 --> 47:49.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:32.5% YOU'RE WRONG. 47:43.833 --> 47:50.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% AND I HAVE STANDING BECAUSE 47:44.933 --> 47:51.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% I'M A U.S. CITIZEN AND RUN IT 47:49.233 --> 47:53.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% THROUGH THE PROCESS. 47:50.066 --> 47:54.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% YOU DON'T GET TO SKIP OVER THE 47:51.166 --> 47:55.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% SUPREME COURT AND MAKE AN 47:53.300 --> 47:56.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT OF THE 47:54.400 --> 47:56.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% PRESIDENT'S JUDGMENT AND 47:55.066 --> 47:58.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% INTERPRETATION OF THE 47:56.000 --> 48:01.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% CONSTITUTION, LEGALLY. 47:56.800 --> 48:02.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% YOU CAN DO IT VOCALLY, YOU CAN 47:58.900 --> 48:04.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% PROTEST RS IT, YOU CAN DO ALL 48:01.800 --> 48:05.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:47.5% OF THAT BECAUSE THE 48:02.900 --> 48:06.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% CONSTITUTION LETS YOU DO THAT. 48:04.166 --> 48:07.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% BUT TO CHANGE THE PROCESS, TO 48:05.233 --> 48:10.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% CHANGE THE INTERPRETATION, 48:06.200 --> 48:11.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% YOU'VE GOT TO BRING THAT CAUSE 48:07.700 --> 48:12.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:42.5% BEFORE THE COURT. 48:10.366 --> 48:13.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% AND THE COURT WILL WEIGH IT 48:11.533 --> 48:14.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% AGAINST THE CONSTITUTION, AND 48:12.500 --> 48:16.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% WILL EITHER SIDE WITH YOU OR 48:13.666 --> 48:17.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% AGAINST YOU. 48:14.833 --> 48:25.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% OR JUST KICK IT BACK AND SAY 48:16.100 --> 48:26.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% YOU DON'T HAVE STANDING IN THE 48:17.066 --> 48:28.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% FIRST PLACE. 48:25.666 --> 48:29.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% >> THE NOTION OF THE BILL OF 48:26.733 --> 48:30.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% RIGHTS IS THE GREAT PROTECTOR 48:28.000 --> 48:31.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% OF THE AMERICAN INDIVIDUAL 48:29.233 --> 48:34.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% RIGHTS IS A MODERN IDEA, NOT 48:30.800 --> 48:36.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% PART OF OUR CONSTITUTIONAL 48:31.900 --> 48:37.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:20% HISTORY. 48:34.033 --> 48:40.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% JUST TO GIVE YOU THIS POINT, 48:36.000 --> 48:41.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% BECAUSE I JUST LOVE IT, IN 48:37.966 --> 48:42.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% 1798 WE PASSED THE SEDITION 48:40.766 --> 48:46.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:10% ACT. 48:41.300 --> 48:47.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% THE SEDITION ACT, WHICH JOHN 48:42.966 --> 48:49.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% ADAMS SIGNED AND HIS BUY OGG 48:46.200 --> 48:50.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% RA FER, DAVID McCULLOUGH, 48:47.866 --> 48:52.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% CALLED THE WORST ACT OF HIS 48:49.766 --> 48:55.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% ENTIRE PRESIDENCY, MADE IT A 48:50.766 --> 48:56.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% CRIME TO CRITICIZE THE 48:52.200 --> 48:58.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% GOVERNMENT AND THE PRESIDENT. 48:55.300 --> 48:59.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:20% A CRIME. 48:56.200 --> 49:01.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% AND THEY PROSECUTED PEOPLE. 48:58.833 --> 49:02.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% WHERE WAS THE COURT WITH THE 48:59.933 --> 49:04.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:40% FIRST AMENDMENT? 49:01.733 --> 49:05.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% THEY WERE SAYING, WELL, WE 49:02.800 --> 49:07.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% DON'T HAVE ANY ROLE IN THAT. 49:04.066 --> 49:08.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% TO SHOW YOU HOW POLITICAL THIS 49:05.466 --> 49:09.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% WAS, IT WAS NOT A CRIME TO 49:07.233 --> 49:10.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% CRITICIZE THE VICE PRESIDENT. 49:08.166 --> 49:10.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% AND WHY NOT? 49:09.200 --> 49:12.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THOMAS JEFFERSON WAS THE VICE 49:10.300 --> 49:14.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:25% PRESIDENT. 49:10.700 --> 49:16.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% AND THEY WANTED TO CRITICIZE 49:12.666 --> 49:16.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:37.5% HIM LIKE CRAZY. 49:14.466 --> 49:18.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% THEY COULDN'T WAIT TO KEEP 49:16.300 --> 49:20.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:40% CRITICIZING HIM. 49:16.900 --> 49:21.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% SO YOU COULD CRITICIZE 49:18.633 --> 49:22.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% JEFFERSON AND, YOU KNOW, AND 49:20.800 --> 49:23.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% HIS REPUBLICAN DEMOCRATIC 49:21.566 --> 49:25.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% PARTY, BUT YOU COULDN'T 49:22.666 --> 49:26.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% CRITICIZE THE FEDERALIST PARTY 49:23.833 --> 49:28.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:47.5% AND IT WAS A CRIME. 49:25.100 --> 49:34.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% SO THE BILL OF RIGHTS IS A 49:26.766 --> 49:34.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% LATECOMER IN ITS ENFORCEMENT. 49:28.500 --> 49:36.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:37.5% IT'S THE 1950s. 49:34.066 --> 49:38.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% >> SOMETIMES OVER THE COURSE 49:34.933 --> 49:39.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% OF HISTORY IN A PARTICULAR 49:36.866 --> 49:40.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% PERIOD IT'S TWO STEPS FORWARD 49:38.133 --> 49:41.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:45% AND ONE STEP BACK. 49:39.533 --> 49:43.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% SOMETIMES IT'S TWO STEPS 49:40.600 --> 49:44.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:77.5% BACKWARDS AND ONE STEP FORWARD. 49:41.900 --> 49:48.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% WE ARE RIGHT NOW IN ONE OF THE 49:43.400 --> 49:50.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% RECURRING PERIODS WHEN WE ARE 49:44.933 --> 49:50.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% IN A NATIONAL SECURITY CRISIS. 49:48.433 --> 49:52.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% WHEN PEOPLE ARE UNDERSTANDABLY 49:50.100 --> 49:56.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% CONCERNED ABOUT WHETHER THE 49:50.866 --> 49:58.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% SAFETY OF THE NATION IS 49:52.000 --> 49:59.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% JEOPARDIZED AND AT EVERY 49:56.766 --> 49:59.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% SINGLE SUCH PERIOD WE SEE 49:58.166 --> 50:00.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% GOVERNMENT REACTING THE SAME 49:59.033 --> 50:01.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:10% WAY. 49:59.333 --> 50:03.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH 50:00.833 --> 50:06.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% OVERREACTS, UNNECESSARILY 50:01.933 --> 50:08.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% EXPANDS ITS OWN POWER, REDUCES 50:03.966 --> 50:10.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% THE RIGHTS OF INDIVIDUALS, 50:06.333 --> 50:12.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% INCLUDING FREEDOM OF SPEECH. 50:08.966 --> 50:13.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% AND THEN THERE'S A CORRECTIVE 50:10.433 --> 50:15.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% MECHANISM THAT SETS IN. 50:12.400 --> 50:16.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% AND, BY THE WAY, THIS IS NOT A 50:13.733 --> 50:18.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% FARTHER SAN ISSUE, -- A 50:15.833 --> 50:18.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% PARTISAN ISSUE, IT IS REALLY 50:16.866 --> 50:20.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% AN ISSUE AMONG THE BRANCHES OF 50:18.433 --> 50:22.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:27.5% GOVERNMENT. 50:18.933 --> 50:23.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% I MEAN, FRANKLIN DELANO 50:20.500 --> 50:25.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% ROOSEVELT WAS A HUMAN RIGHTS 50:22.400 --> 50:28.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% HERO IN MANY RESPECTS, AND YET 50:23.800 --> 50:30.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% HE WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE 50:25.600 --> 50:31.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% INTERTERNMENT OF -- INTERNMENT 50:28.000 --> 50:32.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% OF 120,000 JAPANESE AMERICANS, 50:30.433 --> 50:34.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% SO I THINK WE HAVE TO EXPECT 50:31.566 --> 50:37.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% FROM HISTORY THAT NO MATTER 50:32.866 --> 50:38.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% WHAT THE PRESIDENT'S VALUES 50:34.600 --> 50:39.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% MIGHT BE IN ANOTHER CONTEXT, 50:37.266 --> 50:41.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% WHEN THE SECURITY OF THE 50:38.100 --> 50:43.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% NATION SEEMS TO BE IN DANGER, 50:39.900 --> 50:45.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% WE CAN EXPECT THE EXECUTIVE 50:41.733 --> 50:46.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% BRANCH TO EXTEND ITS POWER TO 50:43.533 --> 50:47.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% THE MAXIMUM. 50:45.066 --> 50:49.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% AND THAT MAKES IT MORE 50:46.200 --> 50:51.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% IMPORTANT FOR THE CHECKS AND 50:47.133 --> 50:53.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% BALANCES TO COME INTO PLAY. 50:49.133 --> 50:55.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% FOR CONGRESS TO EXERCISE A 50:51.933 --> 50:57.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% VIGOROUS OVERSIGHT ROLE, FOR 50:53.866 --> 50:59.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% THE COURTS TO VIGOROUSLY 50:55.933 --> 51:00.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% EXERCISE JUDICIAL REVIEW. 50:57.033 --> 51:02.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% FOR PUBLIC GROUPS, SUCH AS THE 50:59.100 --> 51:05.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% ACLU AND OTHERS TO ACT AS 51:00.433 --> 51:06.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:25% WATCHDOGS. 51:02.966 --> 51:07.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% FOR THE PRESS TO ACT AS A 51:05.000 --> 51:09.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% WATCHDOG. 51:06.800 --> 51:11.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% IF YOU LOOK AT THE COURSE OF 51:07.800 --> 51:21.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% HISTORY, YOU HAVE EVERY BASIS 51:09.233 --> 51:21.800 align:start position:10% line:68.67% size:75% FOR OPTIMISM THAT A CORRECTION 51:11.466 --> 51:21.800 align:start position:10% line:74% size:50% WILL COME INTO PLAY. 51:35.400 --> 51:40.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% OURS IS IS A SIMPLE, 51:37.600 --> 51:42.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% FUNDAMENTAL DOCUMENT. 51:38.166 --> 51:44.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% AND AS JOHN MARSHALL ONCE PUT 51:40.466 --> 51:45.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% IT IN A CASE, THAT'S MEANT TO 51:42.800 --> 51:47.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% SURVIVE THE CRISES OF 51:44.000 --> 51:49.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% GENERATIONS, TO SURVIVE OVER 51:45.966 --> 51:50.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:12.5% TIME. 51:47.800 --> 51:51.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% NOW, TO DO THAT REQUIRES 51:49.166 --> 51:53.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:37.5% INTERPRETATION. 51:50.533 --> 51:54.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% MANY OF THE CONSTITUTION'S 51:51.800 --> 51:56.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% MOST IMPORTANT PHRASES ARE 51:53.233 --> 52:00.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% REALLY QUITE GENERAL. 51:54.100 --> 52:01.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:47.5% DUE PROCESS OF LAW. 51:56.366 --> 52:03.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% EQUAL PROTECTION OF THE LAW. 52:00.366 --> 52:04.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT. 52:01.666 --> 52:06.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THESE ARE NOT SELF EXPLANATORY 52:03.400 --> 52:07.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:15% WORDS. 52:04.700 --> 52:08.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% THEY REQUIRE SOMEONE TO 52:06.233 --> 52:09.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% INTERPRET THEM AND GIVE THEM 52:07.433 --> 52:11.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:20% MEANING. 52:08.333 --> 52:13.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% AND I THINK IN A VERY REAL 52:09.866 --> 52:14.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% SENSE THE CONSTITUTION WAS 52:11.400 --> 52:16.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% MEANT TO BE NOT A STATIC 52:13.100 --> 52:17.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% DOCUMENT, NOT FOR ONE MOMENT 52:14.433 --> 52:18.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% IN TIME, BUT MEANT TO BE AN 52:16.300 --> 52:18.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:42.5% ORGANIC DOCUMENT. 52:17.200 --> 52:20.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% RATHER LIKE THE ENGLISH COMMON 52:18.466 --> 52:22.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:10% LAW. 52:18.966 --> 52:23.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% I THINK THE FRAMERS WERE 52:20.300 --> 52:27.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% INFLUENCED BY THE SENSE OF LAW 52:22.100 --> 52:29.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% AS SOMETHING WHICH DEVELOPS 52:23.100 --> 52:31.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% AND TAKES ON MEANING FROM ONE 52:27.100 --> 52:32.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% GENERATION TO ANOTHER. 52:29.900 --> 52:34.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% MADISON AND JEFFERSON IN THEIR 52:31.433 --> 52:36.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% CORRESPONDENCE WERE VERY FOND 52:32.666 --> 52:38.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% OF THE PHRASE, "THE EARTH 52:34.566 --> 52:39.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% BELONGS ALWAYS TO THE LIVING 52:36.100 --> 52:40.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% GENERATION." 52:38.333 --> 52:42.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% AND IF ONE TAKES THAT 52:39.666 --> 52:44.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% SERIOUSLY, AND CERTAINLYLY 52:40.700 --> 52:46.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% THEY DID, THEN IT WOULD MEAN 52:42.833 --> 52:47.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% THAT THE CONSTITUTION OUGHT 52:44.100 --> 52:48.766 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% NOT TO BE SEEN TO BE THE ARK 52:46.333 --> 52:50.900 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% OF THE COVENANT SOMEHOW TO BE 52:47.833 --> 52:52.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% WORSHIPPED AND NEVER TO BE 52:48.766 --> 52:52.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% CHANGED, BUT THAT AS IT 52:50.900 --> 52:53.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% SHOULDN'T BE JUST EASILY 52:52.066 --> 52:55.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:20% CHANGED. 52:52.500 --> 52:56.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% IT IS FUNDSMENT AL LAW. 52:53.966 --> 52:57.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% IT IS NOT -- FUNDAMENTAL LAW. 52:55.466 --> 52:58.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% IT IS NOT AN ORDINARY STATUTE, 52:56.566 --> 53:00.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% IT IS NOT IN THE CODE. 52:57.600 --> 53:01.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% AND THEREFORE IT SHOULDN'T 52:58.500 --> 53:03.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% JUST BE SUBJECT TO ALT IRAQUIS 53:00.066 --> 53:06.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% BY LEGISLATIVE MA JORINGTS -- 53:01.600 --> 53:07.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% ALTERATION BY LEDGE SLAVE TIFF 53:03.933 --> 53:18.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% MAJORITIES, BUT WHERE CHANGE 53:06.500 --> 53:18.200 align:start position:10% line:68.67% size:75% IS CLEARLY INDICATED, IT OUGHT 53:07.966 --> 53:18.200 align:start position:10% line:74% size:35% TO COME ABOUT. 53:19.300 --> 53:22.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% >> WE THE PEOPLE, OF THE 53:20.100 --> 53:24.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% UNITED STATES, IN ORDER TO 53:21.366 --> 53:26.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% FORM A MORE PERFECT UNION, 53:22.633 --> 53:27.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% ESTABLISH JUSTICE, ENSURE 53:24.066 --> 53:28.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% DOMESTIC TRANQUILITY. 53:26.033 --> 53:30.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% >> ONE OF THE MOST SIGNIFICANT 53:27.566 --> 53:31.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% DECLINES IN THE NATION OVER 53:28.700 --> 53:32.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% THE LAST THIRTY YEARS HAS BEEN 53:30.600 --> 53:34.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% AMERICANS' UNDERSTANDING OF 53:31.666 --> 53:38.566 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:47.5% THEIR CONSTITUTION. 53:32.933 --> 53:41.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% IT'S REMARKABLE HOW LITTLE 53:34.433 --> 53:43.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% ANYBODY KNOWS ABOUT IT. 53:38.566 --> 53:45.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% BOTH RONALD REAGAN AND DEREK 53:41.400 --> 53:46.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% BOK, THE PRESIDENT OF HARVARD, 53:43.433 --> 53:47.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% WITHIN A FIVE-OR SIX-YEAR 53:45.233 --> 53:50.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% PERIOD SAID THAT WE ARE LOSING 53:46.933 --> 53:55.933 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% OUR RELATIONSHIP TO THE 53:47.533 --> 53:58.466 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:32.5% CONSTITUTION. 53:50.733 --> 54:00.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% >> THE CONSTITUTION GUARANTEES 53:55.933 --> 54:01.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:20% FREEDOM. 53:58.466 --> 54:02.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% AND SOME PEOPLE INTERPRET THAT 54:00.133 --> 54:03.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% FREEDOM AS TO DO NOTHING. 54:01.266 --> 54:04.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% AND PAY NO ATTENTION TO 54:02.400 --> 54:06.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% ANYTHING. 54:03.033 --> 54:07.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% SO, THAT'S ONE END OF THE 54:04.600 --> 54:09.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:22.5% SPECTRUM. 54:06.433 --> 54:19.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% BUT I HOPE THAT YOUNG PEOPLE 54:07.633 --> 54:20.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% ARE GUIDED AND DRAWN TO THIS 54:09.233 --> 54:20.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% MAGNIFICENT DOCUMENT. 54:19.066 --> 54:22.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:50% >> UNDERSTANDING THE 54:20.000 --> 54:23.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% CONSTITUTION AND UNDERSTANDING 54:20.866 --> 54:24.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THE CONCEPT OF RULE-OF-LAW IN 54:22.366 --> 54:26.066 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% GENERAL IS CENTRAL TO 54:23.533 --> 54:28.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% UNDERSTANDING WHO WE ARE AS A 54:24.700 --> 54:29.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:17.5% NATION. 54:26.066 --> 54:30.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% WE LOOK TO THE LAW TO SOLVE, 54:28.600 --> 54:32.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% EVENTUALLY, OUR PROBLEMS. 54:29.700 --> 54:34.100 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% IT DOESN'T MEAN OUR ISSUES. 54:30.966 --> 54:35.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% IT DOESN'T MEAN THAT WE MAY 54:32.433 --> 54:36.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% AGREE WITH THE SOLUTIONS, BUT 54:34.100 --> 54:37.366 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% WE DO AGREE AS AMERICANS THAT 54:35.400 --> 54:42.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THE CONSTITUTION PROVIDES THE 54:36.433 --> 54:47.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% FRAMEWORK FOR SOLVING THOSE 54:37.366 --> 54:47.033 align:start position:10% line:68.67% size:17.5% ISSUES. 54:42.233 --> 54:47.033 align:start position:10% line:74% size:2.5% ♪ 54:47.700 --> 54:51.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% >> I THINK IT IS SO IMPORTANT 54:48.600 --> 54:54.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% TO HAVE OUR NATION'S YOUNG 54:50.000 --> 54:55.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% CITIZENS AND FUTURE VOTERS AND 54:51.700 --> 54:56.133 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% CANDIDATES AND SUPREME COURT 54:54.233 --> 54:58.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:60% JUSTICES LEARN ABOUT THE 54:55.000 --> 55:01.866 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% CONSTITUTION VERY EARLY, AND I 54:56.133 --> 55:03.433 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% LOVE THE IDEA OF PRESENTING IT 54:58.733 --> 55:04.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% TO THEM AS A WORK IN PROGRESS, 55:01.866 --> 55:06.033 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:30% WHICH IT IS. 55:03.433 --> 55:06.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% EVEN IF IT IS NOT SUBJECT TO A 55:04.833 --> 55:08.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% COMPLETE OVERHAUL THROUGH THE 55:06.033 --> 55:11.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION 55:06.733 --> 55:12.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% PROCESS, IT'S ALWAYS SUBJECT 55:08.666 --> 55:15.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% TO THE AMENDMENT PROCESS, IT'S 55:11.666 --> 55:16.500 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:52.5% ALWAYS SUBJECT TO THE 55:12.600 --> 55:19.966 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% INTERPRETATION PROCESS. 55:15.300 --> 55:22.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% IT'S ALWAYS SUBJECT TO 55:16.500 --> 55:23.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:77.5% IMPLEMENTATION AND ENFORCEMENT. 55:19.966 --> 55:25.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% OR TO NON-IMPLEMENTATION AND 55:22.666 --> 55:27.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:40% NON-ENFORCEMENT. 55:23.200 --> 55:30.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% AND JAMES MADISON SAID AT THE 55:25.833 --> 55:32.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% BEGINNING THAT IT'S ONLY WORTH 55:27.000 --> 55:34.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% THE PAPER THAT IT'S WRITEN ON 55:30.166 --> 55:35.000 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:75% UNLESS THERE ARE ACTUAL PEOPLE 55:32.533 --> 55:36.266 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% WHO UNDERSTAND WHAT THEIR 55:34.300 --> 55:37.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:72.5% CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS ARE AND 55:35.000 --> 55:40.833 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% ARE WILLING TO STAND UP AND 55:36.266 --> 55:42.300 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:55% DEMAND THAT GOVERNMENT 55:37.833 --> 55:50.200 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:77.5% OFFICIALS RESPECT THEIR RIGHTS. 55:40.833 --> 55:51.633 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% AND THE CONSTITUTION IS NOT 55:42.300 --> 55:52.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:37.5% SELF-EXECUTING. 55:50.200 --> 55:53.666 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% >> YOU KNOW, SENATOR ROBERT 55:51.633 --> 55:55.400 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:57.5% BYRD FROM WEST VIRGINIA 55:52.533 --> 55:56.733 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% CARRIES A COPY AROUND IN HIS 55:53.666 --> 55:58.700 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:65% POCKET, AND I THINK THAT'S 55:55.400 --> 55:59.800 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:62.5% GOOD ADVICE TO EVERYBODY. 55:56.733 --> 56:01.166 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% CARRY A KOCHY AROUND IN YOUR 55:58.700 --> 56:02.600 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% POCKET AND LOOK AT IT EVERY 55:59.800 --> 56:12.333 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% NOW AND THEN AND SEE WHAT IT 56:01.166 --> 56:21.233 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:67.5% SAYS AND REMIND YOURSELF OF 56:02.600 --> 56:21.233 align:start position:10% line:68.67% size:47.5% HOW PRECIOUS IT IS. 56:12.333 --> 56:21.233 align:start position:10% line:74% size:2.5% ♪ 56:23.333 --> 56:25.633 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% "Captioning provided by Caption Associates, LLC www.captionassociates.com" 56:28.066 --> 56:37.800 align:start position:10% line:58% size:80% ♪███████████████████████████████ 56:37.833 --> 56:42.700 align:start position:10% line:58% size:52.5% >>> MAJOR FUNDING FOR 56:39.166 --> 56:44.800 align:start position:10% line:58% size:80% QUESTIONING THE CONSTITUTION WAS 56:40.866 --> 56:48.300 align:start position:10% line:58% size:60% PROVIDED BY MR. PAUL AND 56:42.700 --> 56:50.166 align:start position:10% line:58% size:60% VICTORIA SAUNDERS AND BY 56:44.800 --> 56:51.800 align:start position:10% line:58% size:55% MR. J. THORNTON KIRBY. 56:48.300 --> 56:53.066 align:start position:10% line:58% size:80% QUESTIONING THE CONSTITUTION WAS 56:50.166 --> 57:00.533 align:start position:10% line:58% size:75% PRODUCED IN COLLABORATION WITH 56:51.800 --> 57:00.533 align:start position:10% line:63.33% size:70% THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA'S 56:53.066 --> 57:00.533 align:start position:10% line:68.67% size:80% CENTER FOR POLITICS.████████████