WEBVTT 00:01.067 --> 00:04.070 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% (upbeat jazz music) 00:06.706 --> 00:08.308 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% - Prohibition started when I met an old friend, 00:08.308 --> 00:10.210 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% Daniel Okrent, who is a writer. 00:10.210 --> 00:12.879 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% Who was the first public editor of the New York Times, 00:12.879 --> 00:15.081 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% and was in our Baseball series. 00:15.081 --> 00:17.650 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And we sort of exchanged pleasantries, 00:17.650 --> 00:19.285 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% and I asked him what he was working on, 00:19.285 --> 00:21.187 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% and he said that he wanted to work on a book 00:21.187 --> 00:25.258 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% about Prohibition, and he wanted me to make a film about it. 00:25.258 --> 00:27.027 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% - We were busy working on our World War II film, 00:27.027 --> 00:29.129 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% and there really wasn't time to do anything about it, 00:29.129 --> 00:31.431 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% but as we progressed through that project, 00:31.431 --> 00:33.033 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% he was working on his book, 00:33.033 --> 00:34.934 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and we eventually decided that we would go forward. 00:34.934 --> 00:36.870 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% - 1:45 offset mark. 00:36.870 --> 00:38.438 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% - Mark. 00:38.438 --> 00:42.008 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% - Willard's power was such that she was able to have 00:42.008 --> 00:43.943 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% her movement reach into all aspects of American life. 00:43.943 --> 00:45.445 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% - Working with him. 00:45.445 --> 00:46.746 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Learning from what he learned about the subject 00:46.746 --> 00:48.281 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% during our own research, 00:48.281 --> 00:50.717 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and kind of having the two projects on parallel tracks, 00:50.717 --> 00:52.552 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% but sort of mutually supporting each other. 00:52.552 --> 00:56.056 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And that was the genesis of the film. 00:56.056 --> 00:57.791 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% - How the hell did that happen? 00:57.791 --> 01:00.226 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% How does a freedom loving people, 01:00.226 --> 01:03.463 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% a nation that's built on individual rights and liberties, 01:03.463 --> 01:07.634 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% decide in one kind of crazed moment, it almost seems, 01:08.935 --> 01:12.939 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% that we can tell people how to live their lives. 01:14.474 --> 01:17.477 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% (jaunty jazz music) 01:19.646 --> 01:21.514 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% - Prohibition is the story of people 01:21.514 --> 01:22.816 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% on the left and on the right, 01:22.816 --> 01:24.050 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% in the north and in the south, 01:24.050 --> 01:25.518 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% and black and white, 01:25.518 --> 01:28.922 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% arguing that human beings should have to give up 01:28.922 --> 01:32.926 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% what human beings have always had for centuries. 01:33.993 --> 01:35.228 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% And it didn't work. 01:35.228 --> 01:36.796 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% And the story of it not working 01:36.796 --> 01:39.766 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% is so instructive in so many other ways. 01:39.766 --> 01:43.236 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% It's really about single issue campaigns 01:43.236 --> 01:44.504 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% that metastasize. 01:44.504 --> 01:46.206 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% The demonization of immigrants, 01:46.206 --> 01:48.508 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% smear campaigns against politicians, 01:48.508 --> 01:50.477 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% unintended consequences, 01:50.477 --> 01:52.212 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% unfunded mandates, 01:52.212 --> 01:54.414 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% a whole host of things that if you just 01:54.414 --> 01:56.449 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% divorced it from the subject of prohibition 01:56.449 --> 01:58.852 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% you'd say I'm talking about it right now. 01:58.852 --> 02:00.987 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% And in a way we are. 02:00.987 --> 02:03.756 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% The great gift of history is it permits us access 02:03.756 --> 02:06.059 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% to human nature that is now over with. 02:06.059 --> 02:08.828 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% The stories of human beings engaged in stories 02:08.828 --> 02:12.999 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% that are done, and they can be extraordinarily instructive. 02:16.703 --> 02:17.937 align:left position:30%,start line:5% size:60% - [Man] They say that the British 02:17.937 --> 02:19.305 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% cannot fix anything properly 02:19.305 --> 02:20.807 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% without a dinner. 02:20.807 --> 02:24.110 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% But I'm sure the Americans can fix nothing without a drink. 02:24.110 --> 02:25.645 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% If you meet you drink, 02:25.645 --> 02:27.714 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% if you make acquaintance you drink, 02:27.714 --> 02:31.117 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% if you close a bargain you drink. 02:31.117 --> 02:32.352 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% They drink because it's hot. 02:32.352 --> 02:34.654 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% They drink because it's cold. 02:34.654 --> 02:37.824 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% If successful in elections, they drink and rejoice. 02:37.824 --> 02:40.827 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% If not, they drink and swear. 02:40.827 --> 02:43.429 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% They begin to drink early in the morning. 02:43.429 --> 02:45.865 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% They leave off late at night. 02:45.865 --> 02:47.467 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% They commence it early in life, 02:47.467 --> 02:51.638 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and they continue it until they soon drop into the grave. 02:53.573 --> 02:55.542 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% Captain Frederick Marryat. 02:55.542 --> 02:58.978 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% (melancholy piano music) 03:00.847 --> 03:02.515 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% - Prohibition didn't happen overnight. 03:02.515 --> 03:05.618 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Prohibition was the result of almost 100 years 03:05.618 --> 03:08.821 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% of people being concerned about alcoholism, 03:08.821 --> 03:10.990 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% about what to do about all the problems that it caused 03:10.990 --> 03:13.326 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% in families, and in society. 03:14.494 --> 03:16.763 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% It was all happening in the late 19th century, 03:16.763 --> 03:18.932 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% early 20th century, against the backdrop of a country 03:18.932 --> 03:21.134 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% that was rapidly changing. 03:21.134 --> 03:24.871 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And many, many people really were disturbed by that. 03:24.871 --> 03:28.141 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% In a way, alcohol came to be seen as the problem. 03:28.141 --> 03:30.577 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% If we could fix the problem we have with alcohol, 03:30.577 --> 03:32.946 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% then all of our other concerns about where America 03:32.946 --> 03:36.349 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% is headed will miraculously just go away. 03:37.650 --> 03:41.621 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% - There is a belief in human perfectability. 03:41.621 --> 03:44.691 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% That humans can be perfect. 03:44.691 --> 03:48.094 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And alcohol is the fly in the ointment. 03:48.094 --> 03:50.330 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% You could have a perfect marriage, 03:50.330 --> 03:51.598 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% if it weren't for alcohol. 03:51.598 --> 03:52.865 align:left position:30%,start line:5% size:60% You could have a perfect husband, 03:52.865 --> 03:54.133 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% if it weren't for alcohol. 03:54.133 --> 03:55.568 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% You could have a perfect community, 03:55.568 --> 03:57.503 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% if it weren't for alcohol. 03:57.503 --> 04:00.640 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And alcohol, in a way, becomes the scapegoat 04:00.640 --> 04:03.509 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% for all of the failures in society. 04:04.577 --> 04:07.580 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% (upbeat jazz music) 04:10.950 --> 04:14.687 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% - [Narrator] The fourth of July was only days away. 04:14.687 --> 04:18.458 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% By then, Olmstead's backlog of orders was so great 04:18.458 --> 04:21.728 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% that the bootlegger, himself, rushed around 04:21.728 --> 04:25.365 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% the city with his men helping make deliveries. 04:25.365 --> 04:26.799 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% - [Campbell] You're gonna be unlucky 04:26.799 --> 04:28.501 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% one of these days, Roy doing that. 04:28.501 --> 04:30.670 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% - [Tom] No, I don't think so. 04:30.670 --> 04:32.905 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% - [Campbell] The federals will slip up on you. 04:32.905 --> 04:34.674 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% - No, the city won't. 04:34.674 --> 04:36.743 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% And those other sons of bitches are too slow 04:36.743 --> 04:38.177 align:left position:30%,start line:5% size:60% to catch cold. 04:38.177 --> 04:39.545 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% - That was wonderful. 04:39.545 --> 04:40.747 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% - [Tom] Let's do it again. 04:40.747 --> 04:42.949 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% - This will be take six. - Six. 04:42.949 --> 04:46.052 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Picking the voices is always really fun. 04:46.052 --> 04:47.287 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% First, we have to pick the quotes that 04:47.287 --> 04:48.788 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% they're gonna read, to find the characters. 04:48.788 --> 04:51.324 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And then, once we have a sense of what the different 04:51.324 --> 04:52.558 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% voices are gonna be, 04:52.558 --> 04:53.793 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% we sit around and we talk about, you know, 04:53.793 --> 04:56.062 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% who might be good for this part, or that part. 04:56.062 --> 04:57.997 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% - Coshocton, Ohio. 04:57.997 --> 05:00.500 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% It is easy enough to conquer a man, 05:00.500 --> 05:02.502 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% if you only know how. 05:02.502 --> 05:04.137 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% - What we try to do is get actors to come in who 05:04.137 --> 05:06.205 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% could read multiple parts because we're not 05:06.205 --> 05:09.075 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% really sure who will be best at which part. 05:09.075 --> 05:10.710 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% We're not offering them a particular part. 05:10.710 --> 05:13.012 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% We're offering them to come in for a couple of hours, 05:13.012 --> 05:15.348 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% and just read a bunch of different stuff. 05:15.348 --> 05:17.317 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And then, when we get back we actually listen 05:17.317 --> 05:20.420 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% to each person's version of every voice, 05:20.420 --> 05:23.156 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% and pick who is best for that particular voice. 05:23.156 --> 05:27.327 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% - This is voice 3.41, F. Scott Fitzgerald, take one. 05:29.028 --> 05:31.898 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% There are so many wonderful people who have read for us 05:31.898 --> 05:34.434 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% over the years, and who read for us here. 05:34.434 --> 05:37.937 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% - We were the most powerful nation on earth, 05:37.937 --> 05:40.673 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% who could tell us any longer what was fashionable, 05:40.673 --> 05:42.608 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% and what was fun. 05:42.608 --> 05:44.844 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% - And helped this idea of mine, 05:44.844 --> 05:47.246 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% that you could have a chorus of first person voices 05:47.246 --> 05:48.915 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% that would help wake the past up. 05:48.915 --> 05:51.451 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% That if you could hear the way people spoke in letters, 05:51.451 --> 05:54.020 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and journals, and diaries, and newspaper accounts, 05:54.020 --> 05:56.989 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% that you could get a sense of the people then 05:56.989 --> 05:59.792 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% lived lives not too different from ours. 05:59.792 --> 06:02.962 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% That we could make the tragic, the exultant, 06:02.962 --> 06:05.631 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and the heroic come alive in their own words. 06:05.631 --> 06:06.466 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% (laughs) 06:06.466 --> 06:07.734 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% That's great. 06:07.734 --> 06:09.268 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% - We had Patricia Clarkson come in. 06:09.268 --> 06:13.206 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Who we had never worked with before, and was a true joy. 06:13.206 --> 06:15.041 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% - She came in and got me. 06:15.041 --> 06:17.143 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Because she said, now do you just want this 06:17.143 --> 06:18.644 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% with a Kansas accent, 06:18.644 --> 06:20.680 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% and we knew that Carrie Nation was from Kansas, 06:20.680 --> 06:21.948 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% or do you want a little Tennessee, 06:21.948 --> 06:24.517 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% because of course she grew up in Tennessee. 06:24.517 --> 06:26.519 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% Or I could mix the two. 06:26.519 --> 06:29.522 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% She's just marvelous, and inhabits the words 06:29.522 --> 06:32.091 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% in the best sense of what these first person voices 06:32.091 --> 06:34.227 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% are supposed to do. 06:34.227 --> 06:36.562 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% - [Patricia] I told the owner Mr. Dobson, 06:36.562 --> 06:39.365 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% get out of the way I don't wanna strike you, 06:39.365 --> 06:41.868 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% but I'm gonna break up this den of vice. 06:41.868 --> 06:43.836 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% (glass breaking) 06:43.836 --> 06:45.304 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% I began to throw at the mirror, 06:45.304 --> 06:47.607 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% and the bottles below the mirror. 06:47.607 --> 06:50.743 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Mr. Dobson, and his companion, jumped into a corner, 06:50.743 --> 06:53.379 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% seemed very much terrified. 06:53.379 --> 06:55.748 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% From that, I went to another saloon, 06:55.748 --> 06:58.518 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% until I had destroyed three. 06:58.518 --> 07:00.453 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% The other dive keepers closed up, 07:00.453 --> 07:02.221 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% stood in front of their places, 07:02.221 --> 07:04.924 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% and would not let me in. 07:04.924 --> 07:06.092 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% Carrie Nation. 07:07.460 --> 07:09.061 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% - [Ken] This will be take one. 07:09.061 --> 07:11.964 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% - I'm willing to talk to anybody, any place, 07:11.964 --> 07:13.499 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% to bring about a settlement. 07:13.499 --> 07:15.067 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% - Paul Giamatti was really fun to work with. 07:15.067 --> 07:17.236 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% We'd never worked with him before. 07:17.236 --> 07:18.938 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% He has a great sense of humor. 07:18.938 --> 07:20.473 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% He's super smart. 07:20.473 --> 07:22.575 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% - Paul Giamatti who we all know is a terrific actor. 07:22.575 --> 07:25.044 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% And he reads George Remus, 07:25.044 --> 07:28.114 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% who is this wonderful, colorful bootlegger. 07:28.114 --> 07:32.718 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And he takes George Remus, this supreme egomaniac, 07:32.718 --> 07:35.655 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% but a genius at figuring out how to get around 07:35.655 --> 07:37.924 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% the Volstead Act, and the Prohibition law, 07:37.924 --> 07:39.759 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% and is just wonderful. 07:41.160 --> 07:43.696 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% - [Paul] I was impressed by the rapidity 07:43.696 --> 07:47.266 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% with which those men, without any brains at all, 07:47.266 --> 07:50.803 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% piled up fortunes in the liquor business. 07:50.803 --> 07:53.272 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% The more I studied the Volstead Act, 07:53.272 --> 07:56.709 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% the more I was convinced of its frailties. 07:56.709 --> 08:00.046 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And so I decided to get in on the ground floor. 08:00.046 --> 08:02.482 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% Strike while the iron was hot. 08:03.483 --> 08:05.318 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% - This film has a lot of humor. 08:05.318 --> 08:06.652 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% So, we've been looking for actors who 08:06.652 --> 08:08.654 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% can bring that kind of comic sensibility. 08:08.654 --> 08:09.989 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% There are some very serious things in it, 08:09.989 --> 08:11.724 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% but there's also a ton of humor. 08:11.724 --> 08:13.960 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% (laughing) 08:13.960 --> 08:16.362 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% - I think Ken does with all of the subjects 08:16.362 --> 08:20.433 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% that he covers, is he turns it into pure human terms 08:20.433 --> 08:23.135 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% that we recognize in our own day, 08:23.135 --> 08:25.605 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% and possibly in our own philosophies, 08:25.605 --> 08:28.241 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% and how we practice them. 08:28.241 --> 08:30.276 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% And I'm not complaining now. 08:30.276 --> 08:32.278 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% I violated the law. 08:32.278 --> 08:34.046 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% That is always wrong. 08:35.214 --> 08:38.184 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% And now, I'm going to pay the penalty. 08:38.184 --> 08:40.419 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% It is my own fault. 08:40.419 --> 08:44.490 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Every bootlegger goes into the game for the same thing, 08:44.490 --> 08:45.391 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% the dollar. 08:47.059 --> 08:50.062 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% (upbeat jazz music) 08:52.899 --> 08:56.002 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% - Never underestimate the need for young dopes 08:56.002 --> 08:58.504 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% to defy the conventional laws. 08:59.906 --> 09:04.010 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% You want them to brush their teeth, make it illegal. 09:05.177 --> 09:07.213 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% Make toothpaste illegal, 09:07.213 --> 09:11.017 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and they'll be standing on the roof brushing away. 09:11.017 --> 09:12.718 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% It's natural to human beings. 09:12.718 --> 09:15.121 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% I think it's a healthy thing. 09:20.359 --> 09:22.628 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% - There are some laws that are put in the books, 09:22.628 --> 09:25.798 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% that we inherited down through the ages of civilization 09:25.798 --> 09:26.899 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% that make sense. 09:26.899 --> 09:28.868 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% You shouldn't kill other people. 09:28.868 --> 09:31.304 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% But when you impose a new law that's so radically different. 09:31.304 --> 09:33.239 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% That sort of runs against the grain of what 09:33.239 --> 09:35.841 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% human beings have done in almost every culture 09:35.841 --> 09:37.977 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% for all of human time, 09:37.977 --> 09:41.080 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% you're gonna create opposition to it. 09:41.080 --> 09:43.716 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Almost from the beginning, people wanted to have a drink, 09:43.716 --> 09:45.318 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% and they saw to it. 09:47.587 --> 09:51.357 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% - It didn't take a lot of brains to make a lot of booze. 09:51.357 --> 09:53.759 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Then, you just had to get the people to buy it. 09:53.759 --> 09:56.762 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% First, you invited in your neighbors. 09:56.762 --> 09:59.198 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% If you ended up with a pretty good product, 09:59.198 --> 10:00.866 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% more neighbors came. 10:02.635 --> 10:04.570 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% And then, the police came. 10:04.570 --> 10:06.405 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And you provided them with some whiskey, 10:06.405 --> 10:08.074 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% and with some money. 10:09.008 --> 10:11.010 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% And everybody was happy. 10:14.914 --> 10:17.249 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% - You ask about my father. 10:17.249 --> 10:19.685 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% I never saw fear in his face. 10:21.954 --> 10:24.790 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% He was running a business like 10:24.790 --> 10:27.960 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Prohibition hadn't happened, you know. 10:29.128 --> 10:32.264 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% And he was supplying a need. 10:32.264 --> 10:35.301 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% Like Macy's and Bloomingdale's today. 10:35.301 --> 10:36.769 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% They're supplying a need. 10:36.769 --> 10:39.205 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% They're supplying product. 10:39.205 --> 10:41.674 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% And that's how he looked at it. 10:41.674 --> 10:45.845 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% He had, at one time, five what you'd call cordial stores, 10:48.414 --> 10:51.817 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% but they were actually liquor stores 10:51.817 --> 10:54.754 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% right in Midtown Manhattan. 10:54.754 --> 10:56.756 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% It was on 49th Street, 10:56.756 --> 10:59.759 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% between Broadway and Seventh. 10:59.759 --> 11:03.462 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% In the window, there would be lithograph bottles 11:03.462 --> 11:07.366 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% of ginger ale, Coca-Cola, but if you went in 11:07.366 --> 11:10.102 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% you could buy a bottle of liquor. 11:11.904 --> 11:16.075 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Now, these five cordial stores produced a lot of income. 11:17.677 --> 11:22.014 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And in the morning, I would come into the dining room, 11:22.014 --> 11:25.184 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% and there would be money, money, money 11:25.184 --> 11:27.920 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% all over the dining room table. 11:27.920 --> 11:29.922 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% And I knew we were rich. 11:31.357 --> 11:34.493 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% I said, "Pop, how are you able to operate 11:34.493 --> 11:36.362 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% "right in Midtown?" 11:36.362 --> 11:41.067 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% He says, "Son, every cop knows what's going on, 11:41.067 --> 11:44.236 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% "and every cop gets a little something from me 11:44.236 --> 11:47.740 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% "on a weekly basis, and that's how it is." 11:50.810 --> 11:54.714 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% - There were thousands of speakeasies in Manhattan alone. 11:54.714 --> 11:57.216 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% It's just an unbelievable number. 11:57.216 --> 11:59.151 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Someone once said, that all you needed was 11:59.151 --> 12:03.255 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% a bottle and two glasses, and that would make a speakeasy. 12:04.924 --> 12:07.259 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% - Most women who were working didn't make 12:07.259 --> 12:09.395 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% enough money to go to nightclubs to spend 12:09.395 --> 12:11.430 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% their evenings drinking and dancing in the arms 12:11.430 --> 12:13.065 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% of dashing young men. 12:13.065 --> 12:15.401 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% That simply wasn't available to most people. 12:15.401 --> 12:19.705 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% This is still a country in which there are deep inequities. 12:19.705 --> 12:21.307 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% But they could read about what it was like 12:21.307 --> 12:24.510 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% to be a young, single, liberated woman who 12:24.510 --> 12:26.011 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% goes to all the right nightclubs, 12:26.011 --> 12:27.580 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% who drinks all of the right liquors, 12:27.580 --> 12:30.416 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% who knows all of the right people. 12:34.820 --> 12:36.956 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% - [Woman] Another thing that your most high-hat friends 12:36.956 --> 12:41.127 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% have recently discovered is the Cotton Club in Harlem. 12:42.294 --> 12:44.263 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% I cannot believe that most of them realize 12:44.263 --> 12:46.232 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% that they are listening to probably the greatest 12:46.232 --> 12:50.770 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% jazz orchestra of all time, which is Duke Ellington's. 12:50.770 --> 12:54.006 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% I'll fight anyone who says different. 12:54.006 --> 12:57.109 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% It is barbaric, and rhythmic, and brassy, 12:57.109 --> 12:58.778 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% as jazz ought to be. 13:00.246 --> 13:04.817 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And it is all too much for an impressionable girl. 13:04.817 --> 13:08.921 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% - You gave incentive to criminals to make money 13:08.921 --> 13:11.023 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% on something that had previously been the fifth 13:11.023 --> 13:12.758 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% largest industry in the United States. 13:12.758 --> 13:14.193 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% So, once you make that illegal, 13:14.193 --> 13:15.694 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% there's still a demand for it, 13:15.694 --> 13:17.997 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% but now criminals want to take advantage of that. 13:17.997 --> 13:20.432 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% So, you put enormous amounts of money 13:20.432 --> 13:21.734 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% in the hands of criminals, 13:21.734 --> 13:23.702 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% which made them more powerful. 13:23.702 --> 13:25.671 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% They could corrupt the political process, 13:25.671 --> 13:27.473 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% they could corrupt law enforcement, 13:27.473 --> 13:30.109 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and basically operate, more or less, with impunity. 13:30.109 --> 13:32.111 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% So, that was never foreseen, 13:32.111 --> 13:34.613 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and a hugely important problem that Prohibition created. 13:34.613 --> 13:37.783 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Sort of laid the foundation for organized crime. 13:37.783 --> 13:39.552 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% - [Oliver] Some call it bootlegging, 13:39.552 --> 13:41.320 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% some call it racketeering, 13:41.320 --> 13:43.455 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% I call it a business. 13:43.455 --> 13:46.158 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% They say I violate the Prohibition law, 13:46.158 --> 13:47.159 align:left position:30%,start line:5% size:60% who doesn't. 13:48.294 --> 13:50.462 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% All I ever did was sell beer and whiskey 13:50.462 --> 13:52.031 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% to our best people. 13:52.031 --> 13:54.200 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% All I ever did was to supply a demand 13:54.200 --> 13:56.001 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% that was pretty popular. 13:56.001 --> 13:58.337 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Why the very guys that made my trade good, 13:58.337 --> 14:00.973 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% are the ones that yell loudest at me. 14:00.973 --> 14:03.642 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Some of the leading judges use the stuff. 14:03.642 --> 14:06.378 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% They talk about me not being on the legitimate. 14:06.378 --> 14:08.380 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% Nobody's on the legit. 14:08.380 --> 14:09.215 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% Al Capone. 14:11.550 --> 14:14.253 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% - We've created a criminal underclass. 14:14.253 --> 14:16.255 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And another unintended consequence. 14:16.255 --> 14:18.958 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Women were never patrons of the saloons that 14:18.958 --> 14:23.095 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% were the hated object of the Prohibitionists. 14:23.095 --> 14:25.264 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% But the speakeasies that opened in their place 14:25.264 --> 14:28.334 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% were unregulated, there were no hours so kids drank, 14:28.334 --> 14:29.568 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% and women drank. 14:29.568 --> 14:31.737 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And all of a sudden, female alcoholism, 14:31.737 --> 14:34.874 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% which was nonexistent at the beginning of Prohibition 14:34.874 --> 14:39.044 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% is a huge, or much greater, social problem at the end of it. 14:40.713 --> 14:42.047 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% It just goes on and on. 14:42.047 --> 14:45.918 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% The hypocrisy of the politicians who were voting dry 14:45.918 --> 14:47.253 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% so that they could get reelected, 14:47.253 --> 14:49.955 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% or get the money from the drys, 14:49.955 --> 14:52.458 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% but who were living wet. 14:52.458 --> 14:55.628 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And the hypocrisy that bred was about contempt 14:55.628 --> 14:57.096 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% ultimately for the law. 14:57.096 --> 15:00.499 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And so, in so many ways, this was doomed to failure. 15:00.499 --> 15:03.469 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And how it failed is so interesting. 15:11.744 --> 15:15.881 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% - [Josh] Prohibition is not a matter of abstract morals. 15:15.881 --> 15:18.651 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% It is a matter of social welfare. 15:21.220 --> 15:23.889 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Viewed in this light, it is the greatest 15:23.889 --> 15:25.724 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% and most interesting experiment that has 15:25.724 --> 15:29.662 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% ever been tried in the history of civilization. 15:31.764 --> 15:36.502 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% It is certainly worth trying fairly and honestly. 15:36.502 --> 15:39.438 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% We believe that a substantial majority of Americans 15:39.438 --> 15:41.206 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% want that trial made. 15:42.574 --> 15:43.575 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% The Outlook. 15:46.412 --> 15:48.013 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% - No one could mistake the idea that there 15:48.013 --> 15:50.582 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% was a national condemnation of alcohol. 15:50.582 --> 15:53.185 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% I think that was crystal clear. 15:54.653 --> 15:56.155 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% But the question of what it would mean in practice 15:56.155 --> 15:58.157 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% was gonna have to be worked out through the legal system. 15:58.157 --> 15:59.625 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% Through laws passed by Congress, 15:59.625 --> 16:01.827 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% and perhaps even more importantly than that, 16:01.827 --> 16:04.229 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% through the way that local and federal authorities 16:04.229 --> 16:06.699 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% would enforce those laws. 16:06.699 --> 16:10.169 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Because to pass a law in the real world means nothing. 16:10.169 --> 16:13.539 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% To enforce the law means everything. 16:13.539 --> 16:16.208 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% - [Man] Take 31, Hard time, one. 16:17.509 --> 16:19.912 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% (jazz music) 16:33.692 --> 16:36.061 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% - We are here recording Wynton and his great musicians. 16:36.061 --> 16:38.897 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% World class jazz musicians that are so generous 16:38.897 --> 16:40.299 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% to come and play for us. 16:40.299 --> 16:43.035 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% In this case, Prohibition, mainly the 1920s, 16:43.035 --> 16:47.206 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% is just a treasure trove of great musical expression. 16:48.674 --> 16:50.476 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% - We had some things that we knew we wanted to use. 16:50.476 --> 16:54.079 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% We had some things of Wynton's that we were hoping to use. 16:54.079 --> 16:58.083 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% We described some vibes that we wanted from him, 16:59.551 --> 17:03.655 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and he composed to that some wonderful, wonderful themes 17:03.655 --> 17:06.058 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% that we use throughout the film. 17:06.058 --> 17:08.827 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And that's the great gift of working with Wynton, 17:08.827 --> 17:12.364 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% you always get more than you ask for. 17:12.364 --> 17:14.800 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% (jazz music) 17:19.805 --> 17:20.873 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% - You know, arguably New York is 17:20.873 --> 17:23.942 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% the wettest city in the country. 17:23.942 --> 17:28.547 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% It's the place where there are bars on every block. 17:28.547 --> 17:31.517 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Where everyone, every culture, every heritage, 17:31.517 --> 17:34.686 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% had some strong connection to alcohol. 17:36.321 --> 17:38.490 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% If this was going to work, 17:39.691 --> 17:41.060 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% you had to make it work in New York, 17:41.060 --> 17:43.829 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% or the whole thing was worthless. 17:51.904 --> 17:53.939 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% - I wrote a piece called Gangsters that I composed, 17:53.939 --> 17:56.241 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% A minor blues called Fire in the Night. 17:56.241 --> 17:57.910 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% I composed that one. 18:01.513 --> 18:04.283 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% The people, they were first exposed to New Orleans jazz 18:04.283 --> 18:06.919 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% when the original Dixieland Jazz Band came to New York 18:06.919 --> 18:09.788 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% that became the national music. 18:09.788 --> 18:12.191 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Everyone was dancing to a jazz soundtrack. 18:12.191 --> 18:13.859 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% That became known as the jazz age. 18:13.859 --> 18:16.128 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% People with a lot more promiscuity. 18:16.128 --> 18:17.396 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% People they moved to the city, 18:17.396 --> 18:18.664 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% they were dancing, they were having a good time. 18:18.664 --> 18:19.932 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% They were drinking. 18:19.932 --> 18:22.234 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% Money was flowing. 18:22.234 --> 18:25.304 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Good old fashion American corruption. 18:27.606 --> 18:30.142 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% - We went to him, and we sat down with him and spoke 18:30.142 --> 18:33.045 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% for half a day about the kind of stories 18:33.045 --> 18:34.513 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% that we were telling, 18:34.513 --> 18:36.215 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% and the kind of themes that we were looking for. 18:36.215 --> 18:37.516 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% - Now, when they play the chord 18:37.516 --> 18:39.685 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% they gonna play on is a minor blues. 18:39.685 --> 18:41.820 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% - He'd play something, and then we go, yeah that one, 18:41.820 --> 18:43.088 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% and let's give up this one. 18:43.088 --> 18:45.791 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% So, we basically put our arm around a bunch 18:45.791 --> 18:47.626 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% of tunes that we like. 18:51.497 --> 18:54.166 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And then, we'll let this music coexist 18:54.166 --> 18:55.501 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% with a developing script, 18:55.501 --> 18:57.035 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% with a developing shooting schedule, 18:57.035 --> 18:58.937 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% with the developing editing. 18:58.937 --> 19:01.974 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% That's allowing the music to be an authentic 19:01.974 --> 19:03.142 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% member of the team, 19:03.142 --> 19:06.512 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% and not something that's an afterthought. 19:09.448 --> 19:12.451 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% (jaunty jazz music) 19:15.721 --> 19:16.922 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% - I think there are really two reasons 19:16.922 --> 19:18.724 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% that people obey the law. 19:18.724 --> 19:22.127 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% One is when they just understand from the world around them, 19:22.127 --> 19:25.230 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% from their parents, from the traditions of their culture, 19:25.230 --> 19:26.698 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% from their neighbors, 19:26.698 --> 19:29.935 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% that this is the rule, and everybody follows it. 19:29.935 --> 19:32.004 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% I think for laws that have been around for a long time, 19:32.004 --> 19:35.040 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% and seem to have the power of moral suasion behind them, 19:35.040 --> 19:38.043 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% this is a powerful reason that people follow the law. 19:38.043 --> 19:39.545 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% The second reason is that they're afraid of getting caught, 19:39.545 --> 19:41.513 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% and getting punished. 19:41.513 --> 19:44.149 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% This is much more important when you have a brand new law, 19:44.149 --> 19:45.584 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% and where people are not completely convinced 19:45.584 --> 19:48.353 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% that the law is inherently moral. 19:49.821 --> 19:52.157 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% - We found the story of Prohibition to be so fresh, 19:52.157 --> 19:54.159 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% and compelling, 19:54.159 --> 19:56.728 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% because human nature is the same in every era. 19:56.728 --> 19:58.664 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% So, people behave the way they behave whether 19:58.664 --> 20:00.165 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% it's 1920 or 2010. 20:01.466 --> 20:03.435 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% It's the original culture war. 20:03.435 --> 20:05.003 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% And we're still fighting it. 20:05.003 --> 20:06.638 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% So, even though it's history from seemingly 20:06.638 --> 20:07.839 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% a long time ago, 20:07.839 --> 20:09.041 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% it could've happened yesterday, 20:09.041 --> 20:12.244 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% and it's actually still happening today. 20:13.145 --> 20:14.746 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% - [John] June 1924. 20:16.081 --> 20:18.717 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% And the white, protestant, Nordic delegates 20:18.717 --> 20:21.687 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% from the Christian Endeavor regions of the south 20:21.687 --> 20:24.556 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% and middle west arrive in the big town 20:24.556 --> 20:26.592 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80% their tongues hanging out. 20:26.592 --> 20:28.527 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% They will get all that they have dreamed 20:28.527 --> 20:30.195 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% of all these months. 20:31.763 --> 20:34.132 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% It will cost them somewhat more than the dreadful 20:34.132 --> 20:36.969 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% corn liquor of their native steps, 20:38.170 --> 20:39.838 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% but they will quickly get too much aboard 20:39.838 --> 20:42.407 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% to bother about money. 20:42.407 --> 20:45.043 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% In brief, I formally prophesy that 20:45.043 --> 20:47.412 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% the Democratic National convention will 20:47.412 --> 20:50.082 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% be as wet as Democratic National conventions 20:50.082 --> 20:51.483 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% have always been. 20:52.884 --> 20:56.421 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And that the Prohibitionist delegates, as always, 20:56.421 --> 20:59.925 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% do more than their fair share of guzzling. 21:01.059 --> 21:02.127 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% H.L. Mencken. 21:05.731 --> 21:08.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% - I think it goes way back to Robin Hood, 21:08.100 --> 21:09.368 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% and things like that. 21:09.368 --> 21:12.170 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70% That there was a myth of the person who 21:12.170 --> 21:15.807 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% breaks the law when it's a stupid law 21:15.807 --> 21:18.677 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% to give people what they want. 21:18.677 --> 21:21.713 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Once the government begins forbidding things, 21:21.713 --> 21:24.549 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% then somebody will come along and say, 21:24.549 --> 21:27.452 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% "I got it. Step around the corner." 21:28.887 --> 21:30.989 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% - We argue today about the role of government. 21:30.989 --> 21:33.959 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Well, this is government's heavy hand in our lives 21:33.959 --> 21:36.495 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% that touched into every living room, 21:36.495 --> 21:39.398 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% every dining room, of every house in America. 21:39.398 --> 21:41.667 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Now, many people in the beginning, 21:41.667 --> 21:44.503 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% most people went willingly along with this, 21:44.503 --> 21:46.238 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% but enough people did not at the beginning, 21:46.238 --> 21:49.408 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% and that grew to a huge amount of people. 21:49.408 --> 21:50.575 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And when the Great Depression hit, 21:50.575 --> 21:52.678 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% and jobs were at a premium, 21:52.678 --> 21:55.113 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% it suddenly seemed that, you know, 21:55.113 --> 21:57.215 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% in the midst of hard times, 21:57.215 --> 21:59.251 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% maybe having a drink at the end of the day 21:59.251 --> 22:00.886 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% wasn't such a bad thing. 22:00.886 --> 22:02.354 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% In the midst of hard times, 22:02.354 --> 22:04.923 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% maybe if you could put people back to work 22:04.923 --> 22:06.258 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% in the breweries again, 22:06.258 --> 22:08.460 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% in the distilleries again, 22:08.460 --> 22:10.062 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% that would put a lot of people back to work. 22:10.062 --> 22:11.763 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% And, in fact, it did. 22:11.763 --> 22:13.532 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And so I think a culmination of things, 22:13.532 --> 22:16.001 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% and a lot of it had to do with that very age 22:16.001 --> 22:20.072 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% that post-World War I age, that we call the Jazz Age, 22:20.072 --> 22:23.041 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% that just wasn't going to be told by their elders 22:23.041 --> 22:24.710 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% that they couldn't do something. 22:24.710 --> 22:26.945 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% That's what makes it a classic American story. 22:26.945 --> 22:30.882 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% It tells us not only about who we were, 22:30.882 --> 22:31.883 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% but who we are. 22:31.883 --> 22:34.820 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% (jazz piano music)