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[gentle orchestral fanfare]

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♪

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[resonant strings 
lead building orchestration]

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♪

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(male narrator) 
Welcome to "Our State,"

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a production of UNC-TV

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in association 
with "Our State" magazine--

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for over 70 years,

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bringing the wonders 
of North Carolina

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to readers across the state.

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On this edition,

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riding the rails--

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see the state 
from a vantage point

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not too many 
get to see these days...

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a visit with a man 
well-positioned

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to be 
the chief advocate

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of mule power...

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and an amazing 
museum

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devoted 
to preserving

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the early days 
of radio.

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♪

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[gentle piano melody]

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(male announcer) 
From Manteo to Murphy

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and all the small towns 
and big cities in-between,

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BB&T believes opportunity lives 
everywhere in North Carolina.

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It's a belief we've held 
for more than 130 years

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and guides us 
as we support our communities

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from the mountains 
to the coast.

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We love calling 
North Carolina home,

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and we're proud to provide 
major funding for "Our State."

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Quality public television 
is made possible

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through the financial 
contributions

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of viewers like you,

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who invite you to join them 
in supporting UNC-TV.

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♪

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[steam hissing]

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[train horn blowing]

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[engine chugging slowly]

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[harmonica leads as percussion 
imitates train engine]

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♪

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(male narrator) 
In the memories of adults 
of a certain age

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and plenty of today's 
children, for that matter,

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there is the image 
of a steam train...

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with all of its noise 
and wonder,

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huffing and puffing 
across the landscape.

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[horn sounding]

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Steam trains are part of 
America's collective memory.

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They are powerful symbols 
of our country's history...

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of our progress, 
past and present...

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♪

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because their diesel offspring 
remain hard at work today,

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pulling trains throughout 
North Carolina's

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intricate web of rails.

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[train tracks clacking softly]

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Even now, 
when we see an engine

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laboring up a steep grade,

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our response to trains 
remains a bit mysterious,

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cloaked in reminiscence,

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perhaps connecting us 
for just an instant

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to what we perceive 
as a more easygoing,

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more comprehensible time--

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although it wasn't 
necessarily an easier time

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because whole towns

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in the 19th 
and early 20th centuries

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either thrived or did not,

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depending on where the tracks 
were or were not laid.

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The actual towns like 
Lexington and Thomasville,

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all of 'em that are dotted 
along the railroad out here,

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were actually called 
"tank towns."

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If you look on the map, 
they're spaced

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about 20, 25 miles apart,

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and they would 
just simply supply

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coal and water 
for steam engines.

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[gentle guitar theme]

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♪

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(narrator) 
Today, we count 
ourselves fortunate

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to even be around trains 
and railroad memorabilia,

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like during the Rail Days 
event each June

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at Spencer Shops 
near Salisbury.

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[harmonica joins]

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[machinery whirring]

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[bell clanging]

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(narrator) 
It's early morning

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at the North Carolina 
Transportation Museum,

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located on what was once 
the Southern Railway's

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largest steam locomotive 
repair facility,

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now operated by the Department 
of Cultural Resources.

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Today, diesel engine 
No. 6133 emerges

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from Spencer Shops' 
huge roundhouse.

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♪

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First stop is the yard's 
trusty old turntable.

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♪

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The aged engine is lined up 
to the correct track

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and sent off 
on another day's work,

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pulling its relatively 
light load

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of vintage passenger cars.

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♪

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Southern Railway No. 6133,

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all 16 cylinders 
and 1500 horsepower,

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was born in 1950.

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At mid-century,

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the American outlook 
was strong.

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By then, the efficiency 
and speed of diesel

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had almost completely 
eclipsed steam.

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And compared to the ancient 
pufferbellies...

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(boy) 
I already know 
to get on the train!

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(narrator) 
...diesel engines seemed,

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well, sleek and modern.

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(man over radio) 
OK, 6133, turn north.

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[horn blowing]

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[steam hissing]

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(boy) 
We're moving! We're moving!

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(narrator) 
After three decades 
of hard work,

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most of it on small 
North Carolina branch lines,

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6133 had earned her rest

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and was donated 
to the museum in 1980.

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[locomotive couplings clanking]

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♪

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[horn sounding]

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♪

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(narrator) 
The old engine 
has been restored

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a couple of times 
and continues to pull trains

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of appreciative guests 
through the museum's 57 acres.

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♪

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There are other opportunities

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to ride the rails 
in North Carolina...

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[train roaring]

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thanks to Amtrak's 
regular passenger service.

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(Mann) 
Amtrak has, uh,

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both long-distance 
and corridor service

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in North Carolina.

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Our long-distance trains 
are the "Silver Star,"

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which operates between New York 
and Tampa and Miami,

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making stops 
in North Carolina along the way.

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Of course, we have 
the two corridor trains.

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The "Piedmont" 
operates locally

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between Charlotte 
and Raleigh.

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The "Carolinian" is Charlotte 
and New York via Raleigh.

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(narrator) 
Some cities, like Greensboro,

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still enjoy 
daily passenger service.

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The city has retained 
and restored

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the architectural appeal 
of its station--

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a style that has 
all but disappeared

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from the landscape.

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All aboard!

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[upbeat snare paces 
flowing orchestral strings]

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(conductor over loudspeaker) 
Our next station 
is High Point.

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(narrator) 
Nearby High Point, too,

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has made a similar push 
to restoration.

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♪

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(woman) 
Thank you, sir.

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(narrator) 
And other cities 
are inspired to do the same,

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with an eye toward the day

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when passengers once again 
crisscross our state.

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(Mann) 
I think corridor trains 
are very important,

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and that's where we're 
seeing our biggest growth.

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As gas prices get higher,

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and congestion 
clogs the highways,

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and--and flying in those

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three-to five-hundred-miles 
corridors becomes

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less and less convenient, 
more and more folks

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are looking at rail 
as a viable alternative.

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[bell dinging]

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Watch your step 
down, sir.

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[distant train horn 
wailing]

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(narrator) 
Of course, 
North Carolina tracks

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carry rail freight 
into every corner

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of the Tar Heel state,

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thanks to private carriers

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that traverse its more than 
3,600 miles of track.

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And business is booming.

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(man on radio) 
Y'all have a safe trip.

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Pull on ahead, 
please sir; over.

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(narrator) 
On a foggy spring morning,

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a 100-car coal train 
pulls out of Asheville.

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♪

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(engineer) 
Each car holds about

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three tractor-trailer 
loads of coal.

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It means we're-- 
we're heavy;

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we been loadin' 
all we can load.

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♪

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(narrator) 
Two sets of engines 
are required to pull

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and sometimes push

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the long train 
up to Ridgecrest.

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[cars clanking]

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♪

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There, the engineer 
stops the train

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and balances his heavy load

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across the crest 
of the mountain,

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while the brakes 
are checked and adjusted

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for the long, 
slow descent.

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♪

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It's only three miles 
to Old Fort,

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as the crow flies,

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but the oh-so-cautious 
journey down the mountain

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covers 13 miles...

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[horn blaring]

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goes through 
7 tunnels...

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♪

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and takes more 
than 45 minutes.

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♪

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In places, the train 
doubles back on itself,

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so you can not only see 
where you're going,

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but where you've been.

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[brakes screeching]

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00:09:08,835 --> 00:09:12,001
When the train finally reaches 
relatively flat land,

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00:09:12,101 --> 00:09:14,735
you can almost hear it 
sigh with relief

208
00:09:14,835 --> 00:09:18,267
as a generous volume 
of smoke pours from the brakes.

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[brakes screeching]

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♪

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On the way down, a 
jubilant geyser off to the left

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vaults itself 
into the fresh mountain air

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00:09:29,867 --> 00:09:31,267
as if to celebrate

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00:09:31,368 --> 00:09:33,234
the train's 
successful descent,

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flowing, as it used to 
in the late 19th century,

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00:09:36,334 --> 00:09:38,835
when there was a grand hotel 
at that spot

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00:09:38,935 --> 00:09:42,135
for the enjoyment 
of train passengers--

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00:09:42,235 --> 00:09:45,735
built, unfortunately, a little 
too close to the tracks,

219
00:09:45,835 --> 00:09:47,501
where cinders 
from a steam engine

220
00:09:47,601 --> 00:09:52,234
set it on fire and burned it 
to the ground in 1903.

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00:09:52,334 --> 00:09:54,601
[19th-century piano tune]

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What is known today 
as "Andrews Geyser" remains,

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and is as much a part 
of Old Fort

224
00:10:00,301 --> 00:10:02,701
as their old depot.

225
00:10:02,801 --> 00:10:05,467
[train horn blows 
as bell rings]

226
00:10:13,935 --> 00:10:16,767
(narrator) 
Nowadays, even electronics 
gets into railroading...

227
00:10:16,867 --> 00:10:18,300
[beeping]

228
00:10:18,400 --> 00:10:19,601
[clanking]

229
00:10:19,701 --> 00:10:21,334
especially 
at Norfolk Southern's

230
00:10:21,434 --> 00:10:23,401
Spencer classification yard,

231
00:10:23,501 --> 00:10:25,533
or "hump yard," 
as it's known,

232
00:10:25,633 --> 00:10:27,033
in Linwood.

233
00:10:28,935 --> 00:10:31,401
It's called a "hump 
yard" because of the large hill

234
00:10:31,501 --> 00:10:32,835
built in the center,

235
00:10:32,935 --> 00:10:35,334
with tracks sloping 
in every direction.

236
00:10:35,434 --> 00:10:37,100
[rail cars squealing]

237
00:10:39,334 --> 00:10:42,600
Cars from arriving trains 
are pushed up the hump,

238
00:10:42,700 --> 00:10:44,001
then decoupled,

239
00:10:44,101 --> 00:10:47,034
rolled down the incline 
at 2 miles an hour,

240
00:10:47,134 --> 00:10:49,601
sorted by content 
and destination,

241
00:10:49,701 --> 00:10:52,568
and computer-switched 
on to any one of 40 tracks

242
00:10:52,668 --> 00:10:55,467
where new trains 
are being assembled.

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As they go, 
the cars are weighed

244
00:10:58,800 --> 00:11:00,434
and radar-scanned,

245
00:11:00,534 --> 00:11:02,934
their speed adjusted 
by hydraulic brakes

246
00:11:03,034 --> 00:11:05,834
built into the tracks.

247
00:11:05,934 --> 00:11:08,267
Each one, 
or two of them together,

248
00:11:08,368 --> 00:11:11,100
glides slowly toward 
a new destination.

249
00:11:14,034 --> 00:11:16,633
[train engine 
hisses and chugs]

250
00:11:16,734 --> 00:11:18,167
It's easy to imagine

251
00:11:18,267 --> 00:11:21,334
your train being pulled 
by a steam engine.

252
00:11:21,434 --> 00:11:23,735
Some of the scenery 
is the same.

253
00:11:23,835 --> 00:11:26,634
There is the rhythmic 
clickety-clack from the tracks

254
00:11:26,735 --> 00:11:29,167
and the distant sound 
of a steam whistle,

255
00:11:29,267 --> 00:11:31,101
at least in your mind.

256
00:11:31,201 --> 00:11:32,534
Meantime, however,

257
00:11:32,634 --> 00:11:34,634
it's good to know 
that riding the rails

258
00:11:34,735 --> 00:11:37,868
is something you can still do 
in North Carolina,

259
00:11:37,968 --> 00:11:40,734
that trains, and the engines 
that pull them,

260
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are not a dying breed,

261
00:11:43,634 --> 00:11:45,401
even if they 
don't look exactly

262
00:11:45,501 --> 00:11:47,900
like we might want 
to remember them.

263
00:11:48,001 --> 00:11:49,967
[train engine 
hisses and chugs]

264
00:11:56,867 --> 00:11:58,834
[silence]

265
00:12:04,234 --> 00:12:07,568
[banjo lazily playing 
"Swinging on a Star"]

266
00:12:07,668 --> 00:12:09,201
(  Billy Barnes  ) 
In the 1940s,

267
00:12:09,301 --> 00:12:12,768
a crooner named Bing Crosby 
recorded a song that said,

268
00:12:12,868 --> 00:12:15,568
"A mule is an animal 
with long, funny ears

269
00:12:15,668 --> 00:12:17,868
"Kicks up 
at anything he hears

270
00:12:17,968 --> 00:12:21,067
"His back is brawny, 
but his brain is weak

271
00:12:21,167 --> 00:12:24,034
He's just plain stupid 
with a stubborn streak"

272
00:12:24,134 --> 00:12:26,034
♪

273
00:12:26,134 --> 00:12:28,768
If you're ever in 
the Yadkin Valley community,

274
00:12:28,868 --> 00:12:31,601
a few miles north 
of Lenoir, North Carolina,

275
00:12:31,701 --> 00:12:35,434
it would be best 
if you didn't sing that song.

276
00:12:35,534 --> 00:12:37,400
Now what are these 
mules' names, Tom?

277
00:12:37,500 --> 00:12:38,767
This is Kate,

278
00:12:38,867 --> 00:12:40,468
and that's Mandy 
over yonder.

279
00:12:40,568 --> 00:12:42,967
(Barnes) 
Farmers up here 
love their mules.

280
00:12:43,067 --> 00:12:44,768
They may own 
big, brawny tractors,

281
00:12:44,868 --> 00:12:47,201
but they also like 
to spend a morning

282
00:12:47,301 --> 00:12:50,634
working their mules, 
just like grandpa did.

283
00:12:50,735 --> 00:12:52,501
(Tom) 
A lot of people's got 'em,

284
00:12:52,601 --> 00:12:54,835
but most people's 
got 'em to play with.

285
00:12:54,935 --> 00:12:58,101
You could probably 
buy a tractor for less money.

286
00:12:58,201 --> 00:13:01,134
You'd have to pay for a pair 
of mules like these--

287
00:13:01,234 --> 00:13:04,434
for the two, you'd have to pay 
$5,000 or $6,000 for.

288
00:13:04,534 --> 00:13:07,768
You're not saving no money 
fooling with one.

289
00:13:07,868 --> 00:13:11,001
Now we call the male mule 
a "horse mule."

290
00:13:11,101 --> 00:13:12,368
(Barnes) 
Ah, OK.

291
00:13:12,468 --> 00:13:15,233
And a mare--a mare mule, 
we call her a--

292
00:13:16,500 --> 00:13:18,433
a mare mule.

293
00:13:18,533 --> 00:13:19,735
(Barnes) 
Yeah.

294
00:13:19,835 --> 00:13:21,735
(Barnes, voiceover) 
Tom Winkler has lived

295
00:13:21,835 --> 00:13:24,001
in the valley 
for seven decades.

296
00:13:24,101 --> 00:13:26,967
His mules 
don't just pull plows.

297
00:13:27,067 --> 00:13:30,634
They're also pollution-free 
power sources

298
00:13:30,735 --> 00:13:34,134
for Tom's 
shiny stagecoaches.

299
00:13:34,234 --> 00:13:35,967
We'll get back 
to the stagecoaches

300
00:13:36,067 --> 00:13:37,534
in a little while.

301
00:13:37,634 --> 00:13:39,134
[fiddle leads 
bluegrass tune]

302
00:13:39,234 --> 00:13:42,501
Every year in mid-April, 
folks gather in a corner

303
00:13:42,601 --> 00:13:45,368
of a 100-acre meadow 
in Caldwell County,

304
00:13:45,468 --> 00:13:48,868
beside the narrow headwaters 
of the great Yadkin River.

305
00:13:48,968 --> 00:13:53,067
They eat, chat, and tap 
their feet to the music,

306
00:13:53,167 --> 00:13:56,201
but the main event is mules.

307
00:13:56,301 --> 00:13:58,601
[chains clanking]

308
00:13:58,701 --> 00:14:02,334
Mules pulling old-timey, 
double-handled plows.

309
00:14:02,434 --> 00:14:06,468
Mules dragging 50-year-old, 
two-wheeled cultivators,

310
00:14:06,568 --> 00:14:08,967
repainted 
and oiled up especially

311
00:14:09,067 --> 00:14:12,735
for what the valley folks 
call "Plow Day."

312
00:14:12,835 --> 00:14:15,534
(Winkler) 
We started with 
three or four teams, you know,

313
00:14:15,634 --> 00:14:18,634
and it's just got bigger 
and bigger over the years.

314
00:14:18,735 --> 00:14:21,001
And we don't want 
no competition;

315
00:14:21,101 --> 00:14:23,301
we don't want 
no prizes.

316
00:14:23,401 --> 00:14:25,934
We just wanna 
have fun.

317
00:14:26,034 --> 00:14:27,701
OK, woah! Woah!

318
00:14:27,801 --> 00:14:34,167
This is a 210 John Deere plow 
with a Syracuse bottom.

319
00:14:34,267 --> 00:14:36,734
It's older than I am.

320
00:14:36,834 --> 00:14:39,401
Come up!

321
00:14:39,501 --> 00:14:41,534
[voiceover] 
They're all turning plows.

322
00:14:41,634 --> 00:14:43,934
[mellow guitar and bass 
playing bouncy tune]

323
00:14:44,034 --> 00:14:46,501
♪

324
00:14:46,601 --> 00:14:50,800
There's a few 
walk-behinds.

325
00:14:50,900 --> 00:14:52,700
We call all the plows

326
00:14:52,800 --> 00:14:55,600
that you ride on 
"sulky plows."

327
00:14:55,700 --> 00:14:57,533
Come up, baby.

328
00:14:57,633 --> 00:14:58,967
Come up.

329
00:14:59,067 --> 00:15:02,368
♪

330
00:15:02,468 --> 00:15:03,734
See, you call--

331
00:15:03,834 --> 00:15:05,468
you call that 
your leading mule.

332
00:15:05,568 --> 00:15:07,434
That's your 
"off mule."

333
00:15:07,534 --> 00:15:10,034
(Barnes) 
What is it that makes 
one a lead mule

334
00:15:10,134 --> 00:15:11,601
and one a follower?

335
00:15:11,701 --> 00:15:13,501
(Winkler) 
I've heard people 
talking 'bout,

336
00:15:13,601 --> 00:15:16,401
they work the smartest mule 
in the lead.

337
00:15:16,501 --> 00:15:19,267
Some people got a mule 
that's a little taller,

338
00:15:19,368 --> 00:15:21,801
they like to have her 
in the lead.

339
00:15:21,901 --> 00:15:24,368
(Barnes) 
Does a lead mule 
earn more oats?

340
00:15:24,468 --> 00:15:26,734
(Winkler) 
He ought to, 
oughtn't he?

341
00:15:28,468 --> 00:15:30,301
(Barnes) 
After Plow Day is over,

342
00:15:30,401 --> 00:15:32,800
big tractors work 
the land a bit more,

343
00:15:32,900 --> 00:15:35,034
then plant 
a crop of hay.

344
00:15:35,134 --> 00:15:36,601
Eight weeks later,

345
00:15:36,701 --> 00:15:39,468
the farmers and mules 
and old machines return

346
00:15:39,568 --> 00:15:42,001
for what they call 
"Hay Day."

347
00:15:42,101 --> 00:15:43,534
[metal clanking]

348
00:15:43,634 --> 00:15:46,601
The valley folks 
say this field full of mules

349
00:15:46,701 --> 00:15:49,700
and old machines 
remind them of bygone days,

350
00:15:49,800 --> 00:15:51,735
when farmers 
always pitched in

351
00:15:51,835 --> 00:15:56,534
to help each other 
rake hay and harvest corn.

352
00:15:56,634 --> 00:15:59,301
[flute leads droning, 
rhythmic chords]

353
00:15:59,401 --> 00:16:01,701
Hay Day also is a time

354
00:16:01,801 --> 00:16:05,201
when younger mules 
get some on-the-job training

355
00:16:05,301 --> 00:16:08,201
as they trot 
alongside their elders.

356
00:16:08,301 --> 00:16:10,167
(Winkler) 
I've always loved

357
00:16:10,267 --> 00:16:13,034
to see the mules 
improve by day,

358
00:16:13,134 --> 00:16:17,601
you know, and learn to do 
what they're s'posed to.

359
00:16:17,701 --> 00:16:19,135
(Barnes) 
They enjoy working.

360
00:16:19,235 --> 00:16:22,534
(Winkler) 
They like to work 
if you don't mistreat 'em.

361
00:16:22,634 --> 00:16:25,935
The--the biggest thing 
that bothers the mules

362
00:16:26,035 --> 00:16:28,501
that you've got 
to watch for is a bees' nest.

363
00:16:28,601 --> 00:16:30,134
He's 'fraider 
of a hornet

364
00:16:30,234 --> 00:16:32,533
or a yellow jacket 
than he is a bear.

365
00:16:32,633 --> 00:16:34,367
[clattering]

366
00:16:37,501 --> 00:16:39,434
(Barnes) 
Especially for Hay Day,

367
00:16:39,534 --> 00:16:42,634
Tom, Greg, and their friend 
Stanley Marley

368
00:16:42,735 --> 00:16:46,868
repaired an old hay loader 
that grabs fresh-cut hay,

369
00:16:46,968 --> 00:16:51,201
rakes it up an incline, 
and dumps it onto a wagon bed.

370
00:16:51,301 --> 00:16:53,267
[clattering]

371
00:16:53,368 --> 00:16:57,167
This strange-looking rig 
was the envy of many a farmer

372
00:16:57,267 --> 00:16:59,001
in the 1930s.

373
00:17:00,267 --> 00:17:03,301
Tom loves to bring rusty, 
old farm machines

374
00:17:03,401 --> 00:17:04,900
back to life.

375
00:17:05,001 --> 00:17:07,668
This is 
the way mine'll 
look on the back.

376
00:17:07,768 --> 00:17:09,568
(Barnes) 
But his real passion

377
00:17:09,668 --> 00:17:12,434
is building 
brand-new stagecoaches.

378
00:17:12,534 --> 00:17:16,301
These scenic views 
were pretty standard on--

379
00:17:16,401 --> 00:17:17,667
on the stagecoaches?

380
00:17:17,767 --> 00:17:19,101
Yeah, you put--

381
00:17:19,201 --> 00:17:21,167
you put a landscape 
on one side

382
00:17:21,267 --> 00:17:23,266
and an animal 
on the other side.

383
00:17:24,534 --> 00:17:27,868
(Barnes) 
Tom is a stickler 
for authenticity.

384
00:17:27,968 --> 00:17:29,767
Nineteenth-century 
stagecoaches rested

385
00:17:29,867 --> 00:17:32,167
on a loop 
of leather straps

386
00:17:32,267 --> 00:17:34,901
to make the ride 
less jolting.

387
00:17:35,002 --> 00:17:38,234
Tom bought seven cowhides 
to make shock absorbers

388
00:17:38,334 --> 00:17:40,201
for his fifth stagecoach.

389
00:17:40,301 --> 00:17:42,634
They call them 
"through-braces."

390
00:17:42,735 --> 00:17:45,267
You got 
14 layers here,

391
00:17:45,368 --> 00:17:49,067
which is 
120 feet long.

392
00:17:49,167 --> 00:17:51,134
And we just 
took a chalk line

393
00:17:51,234 --> 00:17:52,934
and cut 
the rest of it

394
00:17:53,034 --> 00:17:54,934
with a drawknife 
like that...

395
00:17:55,034 --> 00:17:57,434
(Barnes) 
Hmm.

396
00:17:57,534 --> 00:18:01,233
(Winkler) 
...and then just rowed it 
and sewed it together.

397
00:18:01,333 --> 00:18:03,401
♪

398
00:18:03,501 --> 00:18:05,568
Can you raise it?

399
00:18:05,668 --> 00:18:07,633
You're gonna be able 
to hook it, Bernie?

400
00:18:07,734 --> 00:18:09,067
(male voice) 
All right.

401
00:18:09,167 --> 00:18:10,668
(Barnes) 
It's a great day

402
00:18:10,768 --> 00:18:13,101
when the shiny coach 
first is lowered

403
00:18:13,201 --> 00:18:15,166
onto its chassis.

404
00:18:16,533 --> 00:18:18,700
[clunking]

405
00:18:18,800 --> 00:18:20,301
(Winkler) 
OK, let's see.

406
00:18:20,401 --> 00:18:21,801
That might work.

407
00:18:21,901 --> 00:18:23,668
Now, I'm sure 
everybody 
wants to know

408
00:18:23,768 --> 00:18:26,068
where'd you get 
the name for 
your stage line.

409
00:18:26,168 --> 00:18:29,734
(Winkler) 
I visited the stage line 
in Deadwood, South Dakota,

410
00:18:29,834 --> 00:18:31,167
and I just says,

411
00:18:31,267 --> 00:18:33,034
"the next coach 
I'm gon' put--

412
00:18:33,134 --> 00:18:35,201
I'm gon' put 'Deadwood, 
South Dakota' on it."

413
00:18:35,301 --> 00:18:36,633
Think I'll 
get sued?

414
00:18:36,734 --> 00:18:39,134
Nah, not 
a chance.

415
00:18:39,234 --> 00:18:41,467
Back up, Kate; 
back up, Kate!

416
00:18:41,567 --> 00:18:42,900
Woo! Woo! 
Woo! Woo!

417
00:18:43,001 --> 00:18:46,900
Always hook 
your front end first.

418
00:18:47,001 --> 00:18:48,167
OK, guys.

419
00:18:48,267 --> 00:18:50,734
(Barnes) 
You mind if I 
take a ride with you?

420
00:18:50,834 --> 00:18:52,002
No, sir!

421
00:18:52,102 --> 00:18:53,868
(Barnes) 
Feeling like 
the King of England,

422
00:18:53,968 --> 00:18:57,734
a passenger takes 
a seat in the coach.

423
00:18:57,834 --> 00:18:59,734
(Winkler) 
Is Billy Boy in?

424
00:18:59,834 --> 00:19:01,633
OK, babies!

425
00:19:01,734 --> 00:19:03,067
Come up, 
Kate, Mandy!

426
00:19:03,167 --> 00:19:05,067
(Barnes) 
And away we go,

427
00:19:05,167 --> 00:19:07,734
clip-clopping 
into yesteryear.

428
00:19:07,834 --> 00:19:09,300
[clattering]

429
00:19:09,400 --> 00:19:15,035
♪

430
00:19:15,135 --> 00:19:19,301
Tom's wife, Marilyn, 
designed the interior decor,

431
00:19:19,401 --> 00:19:22,601
including Old West 
upholstery, wall covering,

432
00:19:22,701 --> 00:19:25,667
and fancy window fringe 
and drapes.

433
00:19:25,767 --> 00:19:29,667
♪

434
00:19:29,767 --> 00:19:31,601
A couple 
of centuries ago,

435
00:19:31,701 --> 00:19:33,533
George Washington 
rode a coach

436
00:19:33,633 --> 00:19:34,900
through 
North Carolina.

437
00:19:35,001 --> 00:19:36,768
I reckon 
if it was good enough

438
00:19:36,868 --> 00:19:38,501
for John Wayne 
and George Washington,

439
00:19:38,601 --> 00:19:40,434
it's a good-enough 
ride for me!

440
00:19:40,534 --> 00:19:42,166
(Winkler) 
Giddyup, hear?!

441
00:19:42,266 --> 00:19:48,266
♪

442
00:19:52,768 --> 00:19:55,167
[ominous horns 
introduce "Dragnet" theme]

443
00:19:55,267 --> 00:19:57,134
(radio announcer #1) 
Ladies and gentlemen,

444
00:19:57,234 --> 00:20:01,468
the story you are 
about to hear is true.

445
00:20:01,568 --> 00:20:03,533
(announcer #2) 
"The New Adventures 
of Sherlock Holmes!"

446
00:20:03,633 --> 00:20:04,967
[dramatic theater organ]

447
00:20:05,067 --> 00:20:06,900
(male narrator) 
Ah, the good old days...

448
00:20:07,001 --> 00:20:08,267
(Costello) 
Hey Abbott!

449
00:20:08,368 --> 00:20:10,601
(Abbott) 
All right, 
what's all the excitement?

450
00:20:10,701 --> 00:20:12,201
(narrator) 
...when radio was king.

451
00:20:12,301 --> 00:20:14,901
(Costello) 
Oh, Abbot, the big circus 
just came to town!

452
00:20:15,002 --> 00:20:17,534
(narrator) 
By the time programs 
such as this arrived,

453
00:20:17,634 --> 00:20:20,167
radio itself was 
well along in its history.

454
00:20:20,267 --> 00:20:22,034
[Morse code beeping]

455
00:20:22,134 --> 00:20:24,401
And one place 
you can still see evidence

456
00:20:24,501 --> 00:20:27,067
of this rich history is 
the Appalachian Radio Museum

457
00:20:27,167 --> 00:20:30,234
at Asheville-Buncombe 
Community College.

458
00:20:30,334 --> 00:20:32,333
[Morse code beeping]

459
00:20:33,801 --> 00:20:36,034
In a small room 
crammed to overflowing

460
00:20:36,134 --> 00:20:38,034
with early 
radio paraphernalia,

461
00:20:38,134 --> 00:20:40,735
visitors can see, 
touch, and listen

462
00:20:40,835 --> 00:20:43,468
to the instruments 
of history,

463
00:20:43,568 --> 00:20:45,501
whose warm dials 
look a lot

464
00:20:45,601 --> 00:20:47,534
like smiling faces 
from the past.

465
00:20:47,634 --> 00:20:49,867
(George Burns) 
Gracie, ya don't 
stand a chance.

466
00:20:49,967 --> 00:20:51,235
Presidents are born!

467
00:20:51,335 --> 00:20:53,834
(Gracie Allen) 
Well, what do you think 
I was, hatched?

468
00:20:53,934 --> 00:20:55,700
[laughter and applause]

469
00:20:55,800 --> 00:20:57,568
[buzzing]

470
00:20:57,668 --> 00:20:59,867
(man) 
This is a 1936 Zenith here.

471
00:20:59,967 --> 00:21:01,967
Here's one down here 
that's, uh,

472
00:21:02,067 --> 00:21:03,634
oh, about 1950.

473
00:21:03,735 --> 00:21:06,534
It is a Zenith and 
does a very, very good job.

474
00:21:06,634 --> 00:21:08,634
(modern radio announcer) 
Over the immigration plan--

475
00:21:08,735 --> 00:21:11,134
Here's very early 
radios here.

476
00:21:11,234 --> 00:21:13,234
They go back 
to the early 1920s.

477
00:21:13,334 --> 00:21:16,168
Tubes are stickin' out 
of the top, as you can see.

478
00:21:16,268 --> 00:21:19,734
(narrator) 
They're stacked cheek by jowl 
on the museum shelves--

479
00:21:19,834 --> 00:21:22,867
AM sets mixed with shortwave,

480
00:21:22,967 --> 00:21:25,234
radios from different eras,

481
00:21:25,334 --> 00:21:27,901
crystal sets from the teens,

482
00:21:28,002 --> 00:21:32,468
and radios with brand names 
that are yet familiar...

483
00:21:32,568 --> 00:21:36,134
and other names lost 
to all but the longest memory.

484
00:21:36,234 --> 00:21:38,468
(Jack Benny) 
If you wanna be 
a comedian, Allen,

485
00:21:38,568 --> 00:21:39,900
you better watch it.

486
00:21:40,001 --> 00:21:42,301
You see, you let 
that one get past you.

487
00:21:42,401 --> 00:21:44,701
(Fred Allen) 
It didn't 
get past me, Mr. Benny.

488
00:21:44,801 --> 00:21:48,101
I've been around mules 
so long, I didn't notice it.

489
00:21:48,201 --> 00:21:49,601
[laughter]

490
00:21:49,701 --> 00:21:52,368
(man) 
I'd like to show you 
a really interesting set

491
00:21:52,468 --> 00:21:54,334
from the mid-1920s--

492
00:21:54,434 --> 00:21:56,067
AC operated!

493
00:21:56,167 --> 00:21:58,768
And uh, that 
makes it pretty early.

494
00:21:58,868 --> 00:22:01,434
These tubes 
that you see lit up

495
00:22:01,534 --> 00:22:03,434
are voltage-dropping tubes,

496
00:22:03,534 --> 00:22:05,301
and they will drop 
the voltage

497
00:22:05,401 --> 00:22:08,301
down to a level that 
the transformer can work with.

498
00:22:08,401 --> 00:22:09,568
[muffled voices]

499
00:22:09,668 --> 00:22:11,167
Of this type of receiver--

500
00:22:11,267 --> 00:22:14,134
it's a tune-radio 
frequency type.

501
00:22:14,234 --> 00:22:16,701
And you would 
turn the knobs

502
00:22:16,801 --> 00:22:20,301
until you bring 
both of them in resonance.

503
00:22:20,401 --> 00:22:22,368
There are people 
who are coming in

504
00:22:22,468 --> 00:22:24,201
who are ham radio 
operators.

505
00:22:24,301 --> 00:22:26,401
There are collectors 
who come in,

506
00:22:26,501 --> 00:22:28,568
and there are--there are 
grandmas and grandpas

507
00:22:28,668 --> 00:22:30,601
that want to show 
the kids what--

508
00:22:30,701 --> 00:22:32,767
what grandpa had-- 
what they listened to

509
00:22:32,867 --> 00:22:34,667
back in the 
'30s and '40s.

510
00:22:34,767 --> 00:22:36,633
(announcer #1) 
Dragnet!

511
00:22:36,734 --> 00:22:39,068
[horns play "Dragnet" theme]

512
00:22:39,168 --> 00:22:41,434
(narrator) 
Yes, the memories 
just keep on comin'

513
00:22:41,534 --> 00:22:43,301
here at the radio museum.

514
00:22:43,401 --> 00:22:46,634
All across our state, 
through good times and bad,

515
00:22:46,735 --> 00:22:48,501
radio kept us 
up on the news...

516
00:22:48,601 --> 00:22:51,601
(male voice) 
It is a felony 
to hit a police dog.

517
00:22:51,701 --> 00:22:53,134
(narrator) 
...and entertained us.

518
00:22:53,234 --> 00:22:55,267
("The Shadow" announcer) 
Who knows what evil

519
00:22:55,368 --> 00:22:57,601
lurks in the hearts 
of men?

520
00:22:57,701 --> 00:22:59,368
[villainously] 
Heh, heh...heh!

521
00:22:59,468 --> 00:23:01,134
(narrator) 
Heh!--you can look

522
00:23:01,234 --> 00:23:03,267
at an old radio 
here in the museum

523
00:23:03,368 --> 00:23:06,633
and practically hear 
those whispers from the past.

524
00:23:06,734 --> 00:23:08,534
[big band jazz playing]

525
00:23:08,634 --> 00:23:11,301
(Travis) 
You're hearing me 
on a 1940s microphone,

526
00:23:11,401 --> 00:23:12,735
but she still works,

527
00:23:12,835 --> 00:23:15,334
and we're all very pleased 
to have something like this

528
00:23:15,434 --> 00:23:16,935
in the museum.

529
00:23:17,035 --> 00:23:19,800
(narrator) 
And pleased as well to go back 
even further than radio...

530
00:23:19,900 --> 00:23:21,067
[clicking]

531
00:23:21,167 --> 00:23:23,001
into the age of telegraph,

532
00:23:23,101 --> 00:23:25,701
when Samuel F. B. Morse's 
new invention

533
00:23:25,801 --> 00:23:28,868
made it possible 
to organize things better.

534
00:23:28,968 --> 00:23:31,734
(man) 
Samuel F. B. Morse, 
in what--about 1820?

535
00:23:31,834 --> 00:23:33,500
You were there, 
John, what--

536
00:23:33,600 --> 00:23:34,868
[both laughing]

537
00:23:34,968 --> 00:23:37,301
(narrator) 
A time when bored 
summer boys hung around

538
00:23:37,401 --> 00:23:40,901
the train depot listening 
for the dots and dashes

539
00:23:41,002 --> 00:23:44,202
from down the track 
and around the state.

540
00:23:44,302 --> 00:23:47,634
(man) 
Well, I'll tell you 
a little story about that.

541
00:23:47,735 --> 00:23:51,034
A friend of mine and I 
decided we would learn that.

542
00:23:51,134 --> 00:23:53,067
[clicking]

543
00:23:53,167 --> 00:23:56,134
He lived on one end of town; 
I lived on the other.

544
00:23:56,234 --> 00:23:58,534
And he could lean out 
his upstairs window--

545
00:23:58,634 --> 00:24:01,568
and two little alligator clips 
like this and a wire--

546
00:24:01,668 --> 00:24:04,967
hook it onto 
a phone line--two wires.

547
00:24:05,067 --> 00:24:07,835
I would trace 
those two wires to my house,

548
00:24:07,935 --> 00:24:11,433
hook on the same phone line, 
and start practicing.

549
00:24:11,533 --> 00:24:12,935
[clicking]

550
00:24:13,035 --> 00:24:15,700
Every time the telephone 
truck we'd see coming by--

551
00:24:15,800 --> 00:24:17,434
we'd have to jerk it down

552
00:24:17,534 --> 00:24:19,967
because we were interfering 
telephone somewhere.

553
00:24:20,067 --> 00:24:21,568
(narrator) 
And it wasn't long

554
00:24:21,668 --> 00:24:24,334
before he was hammering out 
code for a living.

555
00:24:24,434 --> 00:24:27,034
Good enough that 
he became one of a group

556
00:24:27,134 --> 00:24:29,701
of telegraph operators 
working for the railroad

557
00:24:29,801 --> 00:24:32,567
in the days 
after World War II.

558
00:24:32,667 --> 00:24:33,834
Marion...

559
00:24:33,934 --> 00:24:35,101
[clicking]

560
00:24:35,201 --> 00:24:36,633
Morganton...

561
00:24:36,734 --> 00:24:38,234
Operating a railroad,

562
00:24:38,334 --> 00:24:42,166
you had to keep track of 
all the trains in Asheville.

563
00:24:43,468 --> 00:24:46,234
I didn't...admit I made 
a mistake, but I did.

564
00:24:46,334 --> 00:24:48,001
a time or two!

565
00:24:48,101 --> 00:24:49,368
[beeping punctuates static]

566
00:24:49,468 --> 00:24:51,368
(narrator) 
Some ham radio operators

567
00:24:51,468 --> 00:24:53,534
still use code today.

568
00:24:53,634 --> 00:24:54,967
(man) 
On 20 meters--

569
00:24:55,067 --> 00:24:56,468
[rapid beeping continues]

570
00:24:56,568 --> 00:24:59,001
He's in 
northern Virginia.

571
00:25:00,301 --> 00:25:02,501
(man) 
Propagation allows me 
to talk, uh,

572
00:25:02,601 --> 00:25:04,800
from here to many places 
over the globe

573
00:25:04,900 --> 00:25:07,101
with just a few 
watts of power.

574
00:25:07,201 --> 00:25:08,801
K Four Sugar Victor

575
00:25:08,901 --> 00:25:12,334
calling CQ 20 meters 
and listening for a call.

576
00:25:12,434 --> 00:25:14,567
Some people call it "skip."

577
00:25:15,901 --> 00:25:18,534
Typically on a normal day 
here on the East coast,

578
00:25:18,634 --> 00:25:20,668
we can easily 
talk to Europe,

579
00:25:20,768 --> 00:25:22,900
in--in very much 
the same fashion--

580
00:25:23,001 --> 00:25:25,700
just by calling CQ, 
with a 100-watt radio

581
00:25:25,800 --> 00:25:27,735
and a very simple antenna.

582
00:25:27,835 --> 00:25:30,001
(narrator) 
"CQ" is the ham shorthand

583
00:25:30,101 --> 00:25:33,234
for "I'm here 
and ready to talk."

584
00:25:33,334 --> 00:25:35,301
CQ, calling CQ 20--

585
00:25:35,401 --> 00:25:37,934
(narrator) 
And it looks like 
Dave has made a contact.

586
00:25:38,034 --> 00:25:39,668
(male voice) 
Kilo Four Sierra Victor,

587
00:25:39,768 --> 00:25:42,568
this is 
Kilo Five X-ray Sierra; over.

588
00:25:42,668 --> 00:25:43,935
(Anderson) 
Good afternoon.

589
00:25:44,035 --> 00:25:47,468
My name is Dave: 
delta, alpha, victor, echo.

590
00:25:47,568 --> 00:25:49,234
(male voice) 
My name is Bernie--

591
00:25:49,334 --> 00:25:50,734
B-e-r-n-i-e, Bernie--

592
00:25:50,834 --> 00:25:52,134
and we're located

593
00:25:52,234 --> 00:25:54,701
in the northwest corner 
of Arkansas; over.

594
00:25:54,801 --> 00:25:58,101
(narrator) 
The signals from ham sets 
and all other transmitters

595
00:25:58,201 --> 00:26:03,068
theoretically go on and on 
into space, into time.

596
00:26:03,168 --> 00:26:05,834
So way out there somewhere 
whoever may be listening

597
00:26:05,934 --> 00:26:07,568
could well be 
tapping their toes

598
00:26:07,668 --> 00:26:09,434
to a tune 
some of us remember

599
00:26:09,534 --> 00:26:12,835
from way back 
in radio's golden days.

600
00:26:12,935 --> 00:26:14,901
(announcer #3) 
Now for those two 
friendly hands,

601
00:26:15,002 --> 00:26:17,001
George Burns, 
and Hines Honey, Gracie Allen!

602
00:26:17,101 --> 00:26:18,267
[applause]

603
00:26:18,368 --> 00:26:20,001
(narrator) 
Heh--and as for us

604
00:26:20,101 --> 00:26:22,501
here in the present, 
we've got the memories

605
00:26:22,601 --> 00:26:25,768
all packed up and ready 
to enjoy in one place--

606
00:26:25,868 --> 00:26:29,400
our state's own 
Appalachian Radio Museum.

607
00:26:29,500 --> 00:26:34,433
♪

608
00:26:36,468 --> 00:26:38,834
[echoing flute leads 
gentle guitar and piano]

609
00:26:38,934 --> 00:26:48,567
♪

610
00:26:48,667 --> 00:26:58,734
♪

611
00:26:58,834 --> 00:27:00,800
[harmonica joins]

612
00:27:00,900 --> 00:27:12,134
♪

613
00:27:12,234 --> 00:27:14,533
[upbeat snare paces 
flowing orchestral strings]

614
00:27:14,633 --> 00:27:20,834
♪

615
00:27:20,934 --> 00:27:22,834
[tinkling piano joins]

616
00:27:22,934 --> 00:27:25,135
♪

617
00:27:25,235 --> 00:27:27,534
Captioning Editors 
Lauren Gardner, Will Halman, 
and Norah Andrews

618
00:27:27,634 --> 00:27:30,700
Caption 
Perfect, Inc. CaptionPerfect.com

619
00:27:37,368 --> 00:27:40,001
(announcer) 
To subscribe 
to "Our State" magazine,

620
00:27:40,101 --> 00:27:43,500
visit the Web 
site www.ourstate.com or call...

621
00:27:48,900 --> 00:27:51,668
[gentle piano melody]

622
00:27:51,768 --> 00:27:54,267
From small towns 
to bustling cities,

623
00:27:54,368 --> 00:27:57,267
from the Outer Banks 
to the Blue Ridge Mountains

624
00:27:57,368 --> 00:27:59,434
and all the places in-between,

625
00:27:59,534 --> 00:28:04,267
BB&T believes opportunity lives 
everywhere in North Carolina.

626
00:28:04,368 --> 00:28:06,701
And for more than 130 years,

627
00:28:06,801 --> 00:28:09,901
we've helped people 
discover it.

628
00:28:10,002 --> 00:28:12,201
We're proud 
of our North Carolina roots,

629
00:28:12,301 --> 00:28:15,600
and we're proud to provide 
major funding for "Our State."

630
00:28:15,700 --> 00:28:17,700
♪

631
00:28:18,968 --> 00:28:20,934
Quality public television 
is made possible

632
00:28:21,034 --> 00:28:22,667
through the financial 
contributions

633
00:28:22,767 --> 00:28:24,434
of viewers like you,

634
00:28:24,534 --> 00:28:28,534
who invite you to join them 
in supporting UNC-TV.