WEBVTT 00:04.666 --> 00:05.666 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: Good evening. 00:05.666 --> 00:07.733 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% I'm Judy Woodruff. 00:07.733 --> 00:10.866 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% On the "NewsHour" tonight: President Trump is set to deliver his first State of the Union 00:10.866 --> 00:14.266 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% address before a nation deeply divided. 00:14.266 --> 00:19.266 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Then: The Trump administration decides not to implement new sanctions against Russia, 00:21.266 --> 00:25.500 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% but releases a list of rich influential Russian businessmen, sparking anger from the Kremlin. 00:27.466 --> 00:32.233 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And dreamers in school -- how educators are addressing the unique challenges of their 00:32.233 --> 00:35.033 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% immigrant students who came to the U.S. as children. 00:35.033 --> 00:40.033 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% YEMINA ARELLANES, Teacher: We're still trying to rebuild that trust and let them know that 00:42.033 --> 00:44.900 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% it's OK to come to us, that we're not going to work against them and that we're not going 00:44.900 --> 00:46.400 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% to turn them in. 00:46.400 --> 00:50.900 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: All that and more on tonight's "PBS NewsHour." 00:53.900 --> 00:56.733 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% (BREAK) 00:56.733 --> 01:01.733 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% JUDY WOODRUFF: President Trump speaks to Congress and the nation tonight on his view of the 01:06.300 --> 01:08.233 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% state of the union. 01:08.233 --> 01:12.033 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% White House officials say that he will tout economic progress and call for bipartisan 01:12.033 --> 01:14.100 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% agreement on immigration. 01:14.100 --> 01:18.900 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% House Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy says Republicans hope for a strong message. 01:18.900 --> 01:20.933 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% REP. 01:20.933 --> 01:23.000 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% KEVIN MCCARTHY (R-CA), House Majority Leader: The number one question I want the president 01:23.000 --> 01:26.233 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% to ask tonight to the American people: Are you better off today than you were two years 01:26.233 --> 01:28.166 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% ago? 01:28.166 --> 01:32.233 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Because I think that answer could be very strong and probably put partisanship aside 01:34.166 --> 01:37.033 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% and have other people start working with us, so we can solve the other problems that are 01:37.033 --> 01:39.133 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% before us. 01:39.133 --> 01:42.733 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: Democrats, in turn, say the country is more divided than ever. 01:42.733 --> 01:47.733 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer says credit for economic progress should go to 01:48.500 --> 01:49.100 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% the last president. 01:49.100 --> 01:51.133 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% SEN. 01:51.133 --> 01:53.266 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% CHUCK SCHUMER (D-NY), Minority Leader: The president thinks our economic recovery is 01:53.266 --> 01:57.000 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% all thanks to him, when reality is that he owes a lot of it to Barack Obama. 01:59.033 --> 02:03.766 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Two words I don't think we will hear tonight on the economy: Thanks, Obama. 02:05.700 --> 02:08.933 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Second, we expect the president to talk about bipartisanship, but throughout his time in 02:10.133 --> 02:12.633 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% office, he's failed to walk the walk. 02:12.633 --> 02:17.633 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: Massachusetts Congressman Joe Kennedy, grandson of the late Senator Robert 02:19.066 --> 02:22.066 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% F. Kennedy, will deliver the official Democratic response. 02:22.066 --> 02:27.066 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% And I'm joined now by White House correspondent Yamiche Alcindor and our Capitol Hill correspondent, 02:29.133 --> 02:32.533 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% Lisa Desjardins, for a look ahead to tonight's speech from both ends of Pennsylvania Avenue. 02:33.266 --> 02:34.233 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% Hello to both of you. 02:34.233 --> 02:35.800 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% Yamiche, you are outdoors. 02:35.800 --> 02:37.400 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% I'm going to go to you first. 02:37.400 --> 02:39.733 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% What are you hearing about what the president is going to say? 02:39.733 --> 02:43.166 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% YAMICHE ALCINDOR: Well, a White House official tells me that the speech is going to be about 02:43.166 --> 02:47.500 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% 50 minutes and that several people worked on the speech, including H.R. McMaster, the 02:47.500 --> 02:52.500 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% national security adviser, Gary Cohn, the chief economic adviser, Stephen Miller, as 02:53.566 --> 02:55.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% well as Vice President Mike Pence. 02:55.600 --> 02:58.300 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% The theme is supposed to be building a safe, strong, and proud America. 02:58.300 --> 03:03.033 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% He's supposed to be talking about several topics, including immigration, national security, 03:03.033 --> 03:05.000 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% jobs, infrastructure and trade. 03:05.000 --> 03:08.266 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Some of the guests that the White House is bringing is really going to bring home that 03:08.266 --> 03:10.300 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% point. 03:10.300 --> 03:12.333 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% They're talking -- they're bringing people that have benefited from the Republican tax 03:12.333 --> 03:14.300 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% plan. 03:14.300 --> 03:16.833 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% They're also going to be bringing somebody who adopted a child that was affected by the 03:16.833 --> 03:18.933 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% opioid crisis. 03:18.933 --> 03:22.466 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: And, Yamiche, you were telling us that it's notable what the president is 03:22.466 --> 03:24.500 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% not expected to talk about. 03:24.500 --> 03:27.800 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% YAMICHE ALCINDOR: The president is not expected to talk about some of the main issues that 03:27.800 --> 03:31.733 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Americans are speaking about, and this is the MeToo movement and sexual harassment all 03:31.733 --> 03:33.833 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% across this country. 03:33.833 --> 03:36.833 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% He's also not going to be talking about the Russia investigation and Robert Mueller. 03:36.833 --> 03:41.066 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Of course, there have been so many reports out there that he might be trying to fire 03:41.066 --> 03:43.033 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% the special investigator. 03:43.033 --> 03:46.666 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Then he's also not supposed to be talking about the spike in hate crimes. 03:46.666 --> 03:50.266 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% There is a lot of division in the country with race relations and people talking about 03:50.266 --> 03:52.200 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% that all the time. 03:52.200 --> 03:56.733 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% But the president said in a luncheon that me and you attended this afternoon that he 03:57.633 --> 03:59.666 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% wants to unify the country. 03:59.666 --> 04:02.233 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% So, it is going to be interesting to see whether or not he can do that. 04:02.233 --> 04:05.233 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% He said that usually major events, catastrophic events, essentially, are what bring Americans 04:05.233 --> 04:06.633 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% together. 04:06.633 --> 04:07.566 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% But he wants to do that without having Americans suffer. 04:07.566 --> 04:09.700 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: That's right. 04:09.700 --> 04:13.566 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And he also commented at that lunch on what he'd learned as president about having -- it's 04:15.533 --> 04:18.433 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% important to have heart, as well as being concerned about money, which was an interesting 04:18.433 --> 04:19.433 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% comment. 04:19.433 --> 04:21.400 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% Lisa, to you now. 04:21.400 --> 04:24.633 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% This State of the Union address comes at a time of, I guess you would have to say some 04:24.633 --> 04:29.100 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% high-stakes decisions that are about to be made in Congress. 04:29.100 --> 04:34.100 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Are Republicans looking to the president to help get some legislation they want passed 04:34.566 --> 04:35.500 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% done? 04:35.500 --> 04:37.200 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% LISA DESJARDINS: Absolutely. 04:37.200 --> 04:39.500 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% And I think that touches on the sort of strange dynamic I feel tonight. 04:39.500 --> 04:44.266 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% I have covered many State of the Union addresses, but this one, the drama is not the speech. 04:44.266 --> 04:47.966 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% The drama are the deadlines that Congress faces, to pass an immigration bill in the 04:47.966 --> 04:52.966 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Senate by next week, also to have a budget deal, much less a president who seems to be 04:54.400 --> 04:56.633 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% at war to some degree with the FBI over a Russia investigation. 04:56.633 --> 04:59.233 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Those things are day-to-day here at the Capitol. 04:59.233 --> 05:03.033 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% This is something that Republicans think will not be affected by the speech. 05:03.033 --> 05:06.833 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% What they want from this president is for him to presidential, to be moderate, the things 05:06.833 --> 05:11.166 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% the White House indicates it's doing, but to some degree, Judy, expectations for Republicans 05:11.166 --> 05:13.100 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% are low to middle range. 05:13.100 --> 05:16.466 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% They're setting those expectations that way so that the president can overcome them. 05:16.466 --> 05:19.633 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% But the speech also presents a problem for Republicans, Judy. 05:19.633 --> 05:21.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% They have a real divide on immigration. 05:21.700 --> 05:26.466 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Today, Representative Paul Gosar of Arizona asked the Capitol Police to ask for identification 05:28.433 --> 05:32.166 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% of every guest tonight, and if they find someone who was an undocumented immigrant here, as 05:34.100 --> 05:38.200 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% there will be many guests tonight, he has asked Capitol Police to remove them and arrest 05:38.200 --> 05:40.600 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% them. 05:40.600 --> 05:43.933 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% That's different from other Republicans, including Republican Carlos Curbelo, who has invited 05:43.933 --> 05:48.933 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% an undocumented dreamer, someone who has status, but it shows the divide here for Republicans 05:50.100 --> 05:51.633 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% in this speech and time right now. 05:51.633 --> 05:53.933 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: Well, it will be interesting to see what happens. 05:53.933 --> 05:55.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And, Lisa, what about the Democrats? 05:55.600 --> 05:59.400 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% We know many of them are not happy with this president. 05:59.400 --> 06:01.800 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Some of them, I guess, are not planning to attend. 06:01.800 --> 06:06.233 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Some of them are going to wear various colors to show their displeasure. 06:06.233 --> 06:08.233 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% What are they looking for? 06:08.233 --> 06:11.200 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% LISA DESJARDINS: Well, take what Yamiche towed you about the things the president is not 06:11.200 --> 06:16.133 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% talking about, the MeToo movement, for example, those are things -- and the Russia investigation, 06:16.133 --> 06:19.866 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% the Russia sanctions -- those are the things that the Democrats are talking about today. 06:19.866 --> 06:21.866 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% They are the things they are challenging him on. 06:21.866 --> 06:25.400 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% You will see a lot of Democrats, especially women, Nancy Pelosi, wearing black tonight 06:25.400 --> 06:27.033 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% to support the MeToo movement. 06:27.033 --> 06:29.566 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% You will see red buttons. 06:29.566 --> 06:33.166 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% Those are for Recy Taylor, the woman that Oprah mentioned at the Golden Globes was gang-raped, 06:34.300 --> 06:36.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% African-American woman in the 1940s. 06:36.333 --> 06:39.166 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Sort of this idea of bringing up minority and women's issues is something Democrats 06:39.166 --> 06:41.266 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% you're going to see from Democrats tonight. 06:41.266 --> 06:44.600 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: Well, both of you are going to be with us for the rest of the night. 06:44.600 --> 06:45.900 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% And we look forward to it. 06:45.900 --> 06:50.300 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% Thank you, Yamiche and Lisa. 06:50.300 --> 06:54.500 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And in the day's other news: A major health care announcement triggered a significant 06:54.500 --> 06:56.733 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% sell-off on Wall Street. 06:56.733 --> 07:01.733 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Health insurers, drug makers and distributors were all hit hard after Amazon, Berkshire 07:03.766 --> 07:07.433 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Hathaway and J.P. Morgan Chase announced a new venture aimed at providing quality health 07:08.333 --> 07:10.466 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% care at a reasonable cost. 07:10.466 --> 07:15.466 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% The Dow Jones industrial average plunged 362 points, nearly 1.5 point, to close below 26077. 07:20.033 --> 07:25.033 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% The Nasdaq fell 64 points, and the S&P 500 lost 31. 07:27.433 --> 07:30.900 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% House Speaker Paul Ryan is defending an effort by congressional Republicans to make public 07:30.900 --> 07:33.966 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% a classified memo on the Russia probe. 07:33.966 --> 07:38.600 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% The House Intelligence Committee voted last night to take that step, over the Justice 07:38.600 --> 07:40.700 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% Department's objections. 07:40.700 --> 07:45.566 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Some Republicans say the memo shows improper surveillance by justice and the FBI and an 07:46.666 --> 07:49.233 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% effort to conspire against President Trump. 07:49.233 --> 07:51.800 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% REP. 07:51.800 --> 07:54.366 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% PAUL RYAN (R-WI), Speaker of the House: There may have been malfeasance at the FBI by certain 07:54.366 --> 07:56.400 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% individuals. 07:56.400 --> 08:00.200 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% So it is our job in conducting transparent oversight of the executive branch to get to 08:00.200 --> 08:01.500 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% bottom of that. 08:01.500 --> 08:03.566 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Sunshine is the best disinfectant. 08:03.566 --> 08:08.033 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And so what we want is all this information to come out, so that transparency can reign 08:09.266 --> 08:11.233 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% supreme and accountability can occur. 08:11.233 --> 08:15.300 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: President Trump has the final word on releasing the memo, and he's said 08:15.300 --> 08:17.333 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% he favors doing so. 08:17.333 --> 08:22.133 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% But the White House said today that it will run a legal and national security review before 08:22.133 --> 08:24.200 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% a final decision. 08:24.200 --> 08:28.800 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% The Trump administration will not implement new economic sanctions against Russia, for 08:28.800 --> 08:32.933 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% now, for interfering in the 2016 presidential election. 08:32.933 --> 08:37.766 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% The State Department said late Monday that existing measures are already working. 08:37.766 --> 08:42.766 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% But the Treasury Department published a list of Russian officials and wealthy businessmen 08:43.500 --> 08:45.466 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% who could be targeted. 08:45.466 --> 08:49.900 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Today, in Moscow, President Vladimir Putin called the list a hostile step. 08:51.933 --> 08:54.266 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% VLADIMIR PUTIN, Russian President (through translator): What's the sense of these actions? 08:54.266 --> 08:55.500 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% I don't understand. 08:55.500 --> 08:58.033 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% But it is, of course, an unfriendly act. 08:58.033 --> 09:02.333 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% It complicates the already difficult situation in Russian-American relations, and of course, 09:02.333 --> 09:04.733 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% harms the international relations as a whole. 09:04.733 --> 09:07.733 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% It is complete stupidity to reduce our relations to zero. 09:07.733 --> 09:12.133 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: We will take a closer look at all of this a little later in the program. 09:12.133 --> 09:17.133 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% The United Nations Children's Fund is warning that stepped-up sanctions on North Korea could 09:18.266 --> 09:21.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% mean nearly 60,000 children will starve. 09:21.333 --> 09:26.033 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% UNICEF says that the penalties are making it harder to ship food, fuel and medicine 09:26.033 --> 09:27.533 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% to the North. 09:27.533 --> 09:31.400 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% The sanctions target the North's nuclear and missile programs. 09:31.400 --> 09:36.233 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% The Taliban today condemned President Trump's rejection of truce talks in Afghanistan. 09:36.233 --> 09:39.866 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Mr. Trump had cited a spate of deadly attacks. 09:39.866 --> 09:44.866 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% In a statement today, the Taliban said the U.S. strategy is simply more war. 09:46.866 --> 09:50.000 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% In Yemen, there's new trouble for a coalition led by Saudi Arabia against Shiite rebels 09:51.800 --> 09:53.833 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% linked to Iran. 09:53.833 --> 09:58.500 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Fighters who'd been part of the coalition seized the port city of Aden today, after 09:59.233 --> 10:01.800 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% two days of fighting. 10:01.800 --> 10:04.800 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% They surrounded the presidential palace and accused the Saudi-backed government of corruption. 10:06.233 --> 10:09.833 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% They also want a separate state in Southern Yemen. 10:09.833 --> 10:14.833 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% Tens of thousands of Kenyans turned out today for the mock-inauguration of opposition leader 10:15.933 --> 10:18.866 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Raila Odinga as alternative president. 10:18.866 --> 10:23.533 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% President Uhuru Kenyatta won October's election after the opposition boycotted. 10:23.533 --> 10:28.533 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Today, Odinga supporters swarmed a Nairobi park as he took his oath and declared defiance 10:29.700 --> 10:31.833 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% of the government. 10:31.833 --> 10:34.666 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% RAILA ODINGA, Opposition Leader (through translator): Today is a historical day in our country of 10:34.666 --> 10:36.733 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% Kenya. 10:36.733 --> 10:40.000 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% For the first time, Kenyans have taken the decision to remove themselves from a dictatorship 10:40.000 --> 10:42.933 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% government that came through the stealing of votes. 10:42.933 --> 10:47.933 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% JUDY WOODRUFF: Kenya's government cut live transmission of three TV channels airing the 10:48.833 --> 10:50.833 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% event, and branded it treason. 10:50.833 --> 10:54.666 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Police also fired tear gas at demonstrators who were nearby. 10:54.666 --> 10:59.666 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% There's new fallout from Larry Nassar's sexual abuse of young women athletes. 11:01.766 --> 11:05.400 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Texas will now investigate the Karolyi Ranch training center, where some gymnasts say the 11:06.500 --> 11:08.566 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% former sports doctor molested them. 11:08.566 --> 11:13.566 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Michigan State University is expected to name former Governor John Engler as interim president 11:15.000 --> 11:18.533 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% amid allegations that the school ignored Nassar's abuse there. 11:18.533 --> 11:23.533 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And Congress is set to mandate that athletic groups quickly report claims of abuse to the 11:24.400 --> 11:26.500 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% police. 11:26.500 --> 11:30.566 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% Volkswagen has suspended a top executive today after disclosures of diesel fume experiments 11:31.200 --> 11:33.233 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% using monkeys. 11:33.233 --> 11:37.366 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Initial reports had said that humans were also used, but the executive now says that 11:37.366 --> 11:39.466 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% he rejected that idea. 11:39.466 --> 11:44.266 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Instead, monkeys breathed in fumes for four hours to test emission controls. 11:46.133 --> 11:50.366 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% This follows the 2015 scandal over V.W.'s cheating on emissions tests. 11:51.800 --> 11:55.566 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And get set for a three-in-one lunar show early tomorrow. 11:55.566 --> 11:59.833 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% First, a blue moon, the second full moon in the same month. 11:59.833 --> 12:04.833 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% At the same time, it will be a supermoon closer than usual, and appearing bigger and brighter. 12:06.866 --> 12:10.266 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And, finally, there will be a total lunar eclipse, but in only part of the country. 12:10.266 --> 12:15.266 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% It all happens before dawn Wednesday, mostly over the Western U.S. and Asia. 12:17.266 --> 12:21.166 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Still to come on the "NewsHour": our preview of the State of the Union continues with Georgia 12:21.166 --> 12:26.166 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% Republican Senator David Perdue; a historical look at presidential speeches; plus, why the 12:28.200 --> 12:33.200 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% U.S. government is publicly naming businesspeople with close ties to Vladimir Putin; and much 12:33.966 --> 12:38.966 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% more. 12:45.200 --> 12:50.133 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% As we learn more about President Trump's speech, and his plan to strike a bipartisan tone, 12:50.133 --> 12:55.133 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% I spoke with one of his closest allies in congress, Republican Senator David Perdue 12:55.766 --> 12:57.766 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% of Georgia. 12:57.766 --> 13:00.333 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And I started by asking, what will be the president's main message tonight? 13:00.333 --> 13:02.433 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% SEN. 13:02.433 --> 13:05.200 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% DAVID PERDUE (R), Georgia: Judy, I think we're going to see an upbeat and optimistic president 13:05.200 --> 13:09.200 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% tonight, like we saw in Davos last week, where he sent the world a message that America was 13:09.200 --> 13:14.200 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% open for business and that America first did not necessarily mean America alone. 13:16.233 --> 13:18.666 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% So, I think he's going to lay out his agenda from last year and the results that we are 13:18.666 --> 13:23.466 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% seeing, but also very carefully lay out and articulate his priorities for 2018. 13:23.466 --> 13:28.466 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: We know that he's going to talk about immigration, among other things. 13:30.500 --> 13:33.000 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% You have said that the president's proposal hits, I think you used the words, a sweet 13:33.000 --> 13:35.300 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% spot, that it's a middle ground. 13:35.300 --> 13:40.300 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% But, as you know, the critics on the left say that it's too harsh in breaking families 13:41.466 --> 13:43.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% apart, that it spends to much on a border wall. 13:43.600 --> 13:48.600 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Then you have critics on the right saying that it is too -- that it is unacceptable 13:50.233 --> 13:52.800 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% to give undocumented young immigrants a path to citizenship. 13:52.800 --> 13:55.366 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% How do you bring these two sides together? 13:55.366 --> 13:57.366 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% SEN. 13:57.366 --> 14:00.800 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% DAVID PERDUE: What the president did, Judy, is lay out a framework for our conversation 14:00.800 --> 14:05.733 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% here in Congress to finally, once and for all, deal with the DACA situation, but make 14:05.733 --> 14:09.766 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% sure that we eliminate the causes of the situation in the first place. 14:09.766 --> 14:14.766 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And that is that we have to deal with what created this chain or the family immigration 14:15.633 --> 14:17.666 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% system that we had since 1965. 14:17.666 --> 14:22.133 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Actually, Tom Cotton and I put a bill in a year ago -- it's hard to believe it's been 14:24.133 --> 14:27.166 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% that long, but a year ago -- to actually move toward what Bill Clinton wanted and 14:27.166 --> 14:29.233 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% Barbara Jordan back in the '90s. 14:29.233 --> 14:33.266 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And that is move us more toward a merit-based immigration system that protected the immediate 14:33.266 --> 14:37.733 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% family, and this system is more like what Canada and Australia have been doing for decades. 14:37.733 --> 14:40.766 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% JUDY WOODRUFF: So you think the two sides are going to come together? 14:40.766 --> 14:43.633 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Because, right now, they seem pretty implacably opposed. 14:43.633 --> 14:45.700 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% SEN. 14:45.700 --> 14:49.066 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% DAVID PERDUE: I think any time you have two parties like this opposing it the way that 14:49.066 --> 14:52.733 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% have been on the president's framework, it tells me that the president did hit that sweet 14:52.733 --> 14:54.766 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% spot that I was talking about. 14:54.766 --> 14:58.500 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And we're going to find out, on both sides, Judy, who is serious about solving this problem 14:58.500 --> 15:00.600 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% once and for all. 15:00.600 --> 15:04.566 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Eighty percent of America wants a secure border and a wall in places where it's necessary. 15:06.533 --> 15:10.300 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Two-thirds of America wants to solve the DACA problem, but only if you end chain migration 15:12.766 --> 15:14.866 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% and diversity lottery and protect the immediate worker's family, at the same time providing 15:14.866 --> 15:17.466 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% for border security. 15:17.466 --> 15:20.633 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: Senator, we're told the president is also going to talk about the need for infrastructure-building. 15:20.633 --> 15:25.633 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% He's going to call for a mix of government and private capital to come together to repair 15:26.500 --> 15:28.400 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% roads and bridges and so forth. 15:28.400 --> 15:32.800 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% But we know that Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer, other Democrats are saying 15:32.800 --> 15:37.800 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% to rely on private developers is going to leave out large chunks of the country, that 15:39.633 --> 15:42.800 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% it's going to lead to tolls and taxes in different local jurisdictions. 15:42.800 --> 15:47.800 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% It's going to lead to private developers having too much say over infrastructure. 15:49.200 --> 15:50.400 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% How do you respond? 15:50.400 --> 15:52.400 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% SEN. 15:52.400 --> 15:55.100 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% DAVID PERDUE: The truth of the matter is, Judy, with our debt, we have lost that option, 15:55.100 --> 15:57.166 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% frankly. 15:57.166 --> 16:00.566 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% The only way Chuck Schumer is going to get that financing done that way is more taxes. 16:00.566 --> 16:02.766 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And we know what that does to the economy. 16:02.766 --> 16:07.700 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% We have got examples right now, like Power Africa, where our U.S. Department of State 16:07.700 --> 16:12.700 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% invested $8 billion and attracted $48 billion, and is going to bring power to Africa over 16:14.033 --> 16:15.833 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% the next decade in a public-private partnership. 16:15.833 --> 16:18.766 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% We have the same opportunities in the United States. 16:18.766 --> 16:22.666 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% What the president is going to do tonight, I believe, is lay out his priorities, which 16:22.666 --> 16:27.566 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% will be focused on investments that will yield returns by growing the economy. 16:27.566 --> 16:30.633 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And in so doing, I think we will find a way to pay for it. 16:30.633 --> 16:35.266 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% JUDY WOODRUFF: Senator, different subject, and that is Russia. 16:35.266 --> 16:40.266 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% We know that last night the State Department announced that it is not going to impose sanctions 16:41.700 --> 16:46.133 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% on Russia that Congress overwhelmingly passed in mid-2017. 16:47.500 --> 16:50.500 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% They say the legislation itself is enough of a deterrent. 16:50.500 --> 16:51.500 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% What's your view of that? 16:51.500 --> 16:53.533 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% SEN. 16:53.533 --> 16:55.200 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% DAVID PERDUE: Well, I think we have got to be very serious with not only Russia, but 16:55.200 --> 16:59.000 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% North Korea, Iran, and other nefarious actors around the world today. 16:59.000 --> 17:03.366 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% The world is more dangerous than any time in my lifetime anyway, and at the same time, 17:03.366 --> 17:04.933 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% we have got to rebuild our military. 17:04.933 --> 17:06.900 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% We're going to hear that tonight. 17:06.900 --> 17:10.133 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Specifically, with regard to Russia, they need to know we're serious about messing with 17:10.133 --> 17:11.366 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% our election process. 17:11.366 --> 17:12.833 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% This is a democracy. 17:12.833 --> 17:14.200 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% And that won't be tolerated. 17:14.200 --> 17:16.500 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And Republicans and Democrats are aligned on that. 17:16.500 --> 17:20.533 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% I'm anxious to get these Intelligence Committees' reports done, though. 17:20.533 --> 17:24.733 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% I think we need to get past this, get this, an independent investigation, over and done 17:24.733 --> 17:25.900 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% with. 17:25.900 --> 17:27.800 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% We have been doing this almost a year now. 17:27.800 --> 17:29.500 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% So, it's time to get these results in and tell the American people where we are and 17:29.500 --> 17:32.233 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% build a defense against that next activity. 17:32.233 --> 17:36.800 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: So, are you all right with their not imposing the sanctions now on Russia? 17:36.800 --> 17:38.033 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% SEN. 17:38.033 --> 17:38.966 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% DAVID PERDUE: I voted for these sanctions. 17:38.966 --> 17:40.200 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% I think they should be employed. 17:40.200 --> 17:42.266 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% But I think it's part of a bigger picture. 17:42.266 --> 17:45.633 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% I'm willing to give the secretary of state and the president some latitude on this, Judy, 17:45.633 --> 17:50.266 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% only because it's part of a bigger equation with North Korea and China particularly right 17:50.266 --> 17:52.333 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% now. 17:52.333 --> 17:55.433 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% But also we're looking at the Iran nuclear deal to see how to hold that coalition together. 17:55.433 --> 18:00.500 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% There's no question that we need more serious sanctions against Iran, and also North Korea, 18:02.433 --> 18:04.500 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% and I believe against Russia, if they don't help us with North Korea. 18:04.500 --> 18:08.633 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% So the calculus here is, I believe, is Russia going to help us with North Korea? 18:08.633 --> 18:12.533 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Are they going to respond to this act by the president? 18:12.533 --> 18:14.466 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And we will see very, very quickly. 18:14.466 --> 18:18.233 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: Finally, Senator, I want to ask you about your constituents in Georgia. 18:18.233 --> 18:20.833 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% The Gallup Organization came out with a poll. 18:20.833 --> 18:25.400 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% They have looked at all 50 states at the support for the president over the past year on average. 18:27.766 --> 18:31.500 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% And in the state of Georgia, which you represent, they said, on average, 41 percent of the people 18:32.966 --> 18:37.133 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% approve of the president's performance, 53 percent disapprove. 18:37.866 --> 18:38.400 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% How do you explain that? 18:38.400 --> 18:40.466 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% SEN. 18:40.466 --> 18:42.433 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% DAVID PERDUE: You know, that same poll had me losing by almost nine points, Judy. 18:42.433 --> 18:44.500 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% I think I won by over eight points. 18:44.500 --> 18:48.166 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% I don't put a lot of credit in that, because this president doesn't fit the mold of the 18:48.166 --> 18:50.933 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% traditional Washington established president. 18:50.933 --> 18:51.933 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% He's an outsider. 18:51.933 --> 18:53.133 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% He's a business guy. 18:53.133 --> 18:54.800 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% I'm not worried about popularity polls. 18:54.800 --> 18:56.833 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% I'm worried about results, like he is. 18:56.833 --> 18:59.633 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And right now his agenda is providing results. 18:59.633 --> 19:04.033 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% The work that we did on regulation last year, the work we did on energy and taxes is producing 19:04.033 --> 19:06.933 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% results; 2.5 million new jobs were created last year. 19:06.933 --> 19:09.700 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% That is not lost on people in my state and across the country. 19:09.700 --> 19:13.366 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: Well, we're going to leave it there, and we are certainly all going to 19:13.366 --> 19:14.833 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% be watching the president. 19:14.833 --> 19:17.900 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Senator David Perdue of Georgia, thank you. 19:17.900 --> 19:19.333 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% SEN. 19:19.333 --> 19:24.333 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DAVID PERDUE: Thanks, Judy. 19:26.333 --> 19:30.166 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: Ahead of the president's address to Congress and the nation tonight, we spoke 19:33.000 --> 19:37.466 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% to people around the country about how they see the State of the Union. 19:37.466 --> 19:42.266 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% To walk us through how these Americans are grading President Trump and what their responses 19:42.266 --> 19:47.133 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% can tell us about this fall's congressional elections, I'm joined by Amy Walter of The 19:47.133 --> 19:50.333 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Cook Political Report, no stranger to this program. 19:50.333 --> 19:55.166 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% So, Amy, we're going to start with a video from a man named Austin Erdman. 19:55.166 --> 19:58.133 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% He's a farmer from Stockton, California. 19:58.133 --> 20:02.600 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% He told us the president has done a good job in his first year, particularly on the issue 20:02.600 --> 20:04.666 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% of immigration. 20:04.666 --> 20:07.900 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% AUSTIN ERDMAN, California: I believe it is unfair to grade the president at this time, 20:07.900 --> 20:12.900 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% because his proposed policies have not yet been fully formed and implemented. 20:14.900 --> 20:18.133 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% I also believe that the president is on the right track in pursuing immigration policies 20:19.933 --> 20:23.833 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% that will defend and protect all American citizens and our democracy. 20:23.833 --> 20:28.833 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% I also believe that laws, rules and regulations need to be implemented to secure our borders 20:30.566 --> 20:33.033 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% and to protect our citizens. 20:33.033 --> 20:38.033 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And we need to implement strategic screening processes to ensure that, best as possible, 20:39.633 --> 20:42.966 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% that our law-abiding, productive people enter our country legally. 20:42.966 --> 20:47.733 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: So, Amy, we know the president is expected the talk about immigration tonight. 20:47.733 --> 20:50.433 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% We know there is a big divide here in Washington about it. 20:50.433 --> 20:52.533 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% What are people out in the country saying? 20:52.533 --> 20:54.533 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% AMY WALTER, The Cook Political Report: Well, Judy, the team here at PBS talked to about 20:54.533 --> 20:56.100 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% a dozen voters. 20:56.100 --> 20:58.400 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And the issue of immigration came up more than any other. 20:58.400 --> 21:03.400 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Not surprising, Americans are as polarized on this issue as we see members of Congress. 21:05.366 --> 21:09.133 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% What we saw there was someone who supported the president and also supported his position 21:09.733 --> 21:11.700 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% on immigration. 21:11.700 --> 21:14.200 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% We heard as well from a woman in Southern California named Sabrina. 21:14.200 --> 21:19.200 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% She too liked the idea of more border security, but, like we saw here with Austin, she does 21:20.400 --> 21:23.000 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% want to see more than just border security. 21:23.000 --> 21:26.766 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% She said she likes that the president's protecting illegal immigrants from taking resources away 21:26.766 --> 21:28.866 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% from American citizens. 21:28.866 --> 21:32.933 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% So it goes beyond just having money for the wall that the president talked so much about 21:32.933 --> 21:34.933 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% in 2016. 21:34.933 --> 21:38.233 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% But when you heard from the people who don't approve of the job the president is doing, 21:38.233 --> 21:43.100 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% particularly voters of color, they see what the president is doing, they cite immigration 21:43.100 --> 21:47.600 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% as one of the main reasons they say that they disapprove of the job that he's doing. 21:47.600 --> 21:50.433 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Talked to a woman named Blanche (ph) from Houston. 21:50.433 --> 21:53.033 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% She says that Trump is being unfair to immigrants. 21:53.033 --> 21:56.866 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Another woman, Charlita (ph) from Cleveland, said it's not right what the president is 21:56.866 --> 22:00.333 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% doing to kick people out of the country that have been here for years. 22:00.333 --> 22:05.300 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% So we're seeing the reason I think Congress is as polarized as it is, is in part because 22:06.800 --> 22:08.333 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% voters are, too. 22:08.333 --> 22:09.133 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: Because the country is polarized, too. 22:09.133 --> 22:11.200 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% AMY WALTER: Right. 22:11.200 --> 22:14.400 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: So, now, one of the other themes you heard about in talking to voters was this 22:14.400 --> 22:18.766 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% concern about the president's temperament and some of the controversial comments that 22:18.766 --> 22:20.566 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% he's been making on Twitter. 22:20.566 --> 22:23.466 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% So, we're going to hear now from a woman in Cincinnati. 22:23.466 --> 22:25.566 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% Her name is Sarah Warner. 22:25.566 --> 22:30.033 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% She was a reluctant supporter of Hillary Clinton, but now she says she disapproves of the job 22:30.033 --> 22:34.366 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% President Trump has done in office, but her concerns are bigger than just the president. 22:34.366 --> 22:39.366 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% SARAH WARNER, Ohio: We are so divided right now because we can't get over him. 22:43.700 --> 22:44.700 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% He's not the problem. 22:44.700 --> 22:46.566 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% He's a symptom of the problem. 22:46.566 --> 22:49.366 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% The problem is that our system is broken. 22:49.366 --> 22:54.366 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% People on either side of the argument are angry because they want change. 22:55.133 --> 22:56.000 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% We're not seeing that. 22:56.000 --> 22:57.366 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% We're looking for it. 22:57.366 --> 22:58.800 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% But we're not seeing it. 22:58.800 --> 22:59.933 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% No one really likes him. 22:59.933 --> 23:01.866 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% Like, no one, come on. 23:01.866 --> 23:03.366 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% Think about it. 23:03.366 --> 23:04.833 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Do you really want that representing your country? 23:04.833 --> 23:06.033 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% No. 23:06.033 --> 23:09.900 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% But it's our complacency that's the problem. 23:09.900 --> 23:13.166 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% So, what are you going to do about it? 23:13.166 --> 23:16.833 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% JUDY WOODRUFF: So, Amy, she's clearly not a fan of the president, but what are you hearing 23:16.833 --> 23:20.200 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% about the president's temperament from people who like President Trump? 23:20.200 --> 23:24.533 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% AMY WALTER: Well, across the board -- and, Judy, we have been talking about this consistently 23:24.533 --> 23:28.633 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% from the beginning of his presidency, that even people who say they like him, they voted 23:28.633 --> 23:33.633 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% for him, boy, I wish he would get off Twitter, boy, I wish he would sort of dial it back 23:35.100 --> 23:38.300 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% on his rhetoric and his behavior. 23:38.300 --> 23:43.300 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% But for people who dislike him, it's much more -- it's as much about him than just his 23:45.466 --> 23:50.166 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% behavior, but that they believe that it's dangerous, that what he's doing is more than 23:50.166 --> 23:53.833 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% just having a personality issue that they have a problem with. 23:53.833 --> 23:56.233 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% There's a woman, Janet from Davenport, Iowa. 23:56.233 --> 24:00.433 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% She says she thinks he threatens freedom of speech with his attacks on the media. 24:00.433 --> 24:03.900 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% She calls him dishonest, an embarrassment. 24:03.900 --> 24:05.466 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% But even those who are happy with him... 24:05.466 --> 24:07.533 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% JUDY WOODRUFF: Right. 24:07.533 --> 24:10.600 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% AMY WALTER: We saw -- we had one interview with a man from Nevada who said, I love what 24:10.600 --> 24:12.566 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% he's doing for the courts. 24:12.566 --> 24:16.233 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% I love that he's putting conservative jurists on there, but he keeps getting in his own 24:16.233 --> 24:18.300 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% way. 24:18.300 --> 24:19.833 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And he said, if he didn't have that, if he didn't have these self-inflicted wounds, he 24:19.833 --> 24:21.633 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% would be as perfect as he can be. 24:21.633 --> 24:23.666 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% JUDY WOODRUFF: Wow. 24:23.666 --> 24:27.500 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% So -- and we know the president tells everybody who will listen that if he can -- that as 24:27.500 --> 24:31.166 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% long as he can he's going to stick with social media, because that's his way of fighting 24:31.166 --> 24:34.566 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% back against the press that he thinks is overwhelmingly against him. 24:34.566 --> 24:38.933 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% So, now, one thing, Amy, we have talked about this past year is the president thinks the 24:38.933 --> 24:43.866 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% economy is doing better and better and that he deserves a lot of the credit for that, 24:43.866 --> 24:47.966 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% low unemployment, tax cuts, just the overall strong economy. 24:47.966 --> 24:49.966 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% How do people see that? 24:49.966 --> 24:53.533 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% AMY WALTER: You know, it's interesting, Judy, because what we saw when talking to voters 24:53.533 --> 24:58.333 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% that, for those who supported the president, they cited the economy as a reason for supporting 24:58.333 --> 25:00.000 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% him. 25:00.000 --> 25:02.366 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% There's a truck driver that we talked to, Aaron (ph) from Saint Louis. 25:02.366 --> 25:04.900 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% He said, my 401(k) is going through the roof, and you know what? 25:04.900 --> 25:09.166 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% I think these tax cuts are going to help me because my company that runs this trucking 25:09.166 --> 25:13.366 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% organization, they are probably not going the lay anybody off because they're going 25:13.366 --> 25:15.466 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% to have more money. 25:15.466 --> 25:18.033 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% When you talk to folks who disapprove of the president, they don't talk about the economy. 25:18.033 --> 25:22.533 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% What they talk about is the tax cuts that they believe are going to help corporations 25:22.533 --> 25:24.633 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% and hurt regular people. 25:24.633 --> 25:27.133 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% One woman from Iowa said, I think they're just helping corporate farmers, not small 25:27.133 --> 25:29.200 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% farmers. 25:29.200 --> 25:31.500 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% But, Judy, I think the person that really sums up really what 2018 is going to be, who 25:31.500 --> 25:36.266 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% sums up the tension really of 2018, is a man named Todd from Houston. 25:36.266 --> 25:41.033 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% He thinks the economy is doing well, but he really dislikes the president's behavior and 25:41.033 --> 25:45.600 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% what it has done for the country, especially the divisiveness it's sown in the country. 25:45.600 --> 25:49.533 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And we are going to watch throughout 2018 how voters grapple with that: I feel better 25:49.533 --> 25:50.766 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% about the economy. 25:50.766 --> 25:52.300 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% I don't feel good about the president. 25:52.300 --> 25:54.400 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Which one of those things is going to win out? 25:54.400 --> 25:58.833 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% JUDY WOODRUFF: So, last question: Was there anything that you expected people to bring 25:58.833 --> 26:01.833 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% up that they didn't talk about? 26:01.833 --> 26:04.533 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% AMY WALTER: There wasn't one word about Russia. 26:04.533 --> 26:07.466 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% There wasn't one word about investigations. 26:07.466 --> 26:09.833 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% There wasn't anything about impeachment. 26:09.833 --> 26:14.833 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% It was really focused on the president's behavior almost more than anything else. 26:15.966 --> 26:16.500 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And we have been talking about this forever. 26:16.500 --> 26:17.300 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% Right? 26:17.300 --> 26:19.300 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% JUDY WOODRUFF: Sure. 26:19.300 --> 26:20.233 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% AMY WALTER: It's his personality more than his policy that defines him. 26:20.233 --> 26:22.033 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% But the economy, we expected. 26:22.033 --> 26:24.166 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% Immigration,we expected. 26:24.166 --> 26:28.300 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% But given the amount of time that is given to the Russia investigation and energy, especially 26:30.333 --> 26:34.733 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% in this town, no one -- to see that nobody even in passing brought it up was interesting. 26:35.933 --> 26:37.966 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% JUDY WOODRUFF: And you are right. 26:37.966 --> 26:40.033 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% It's getting an enormous amount of attention in the news media right now. 26:40.033 --> 26:43.033 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% So, that is a particularly interesting thing, that they didn't bring it up. 26:43.033 --> 26:45.066 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Amy Walter, The Cook Political Report, thank you. 26:45.066 --> 26:46.966 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And you're going to be with us for the rest of tonight... 26:46.966 --> 26:48.433 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% AMY WALTER: All night. 26:48.433 --> 26:52.566 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: ... to talk about the State of the Union. 26:52.566 --> 26:57.566 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% Thank you. 27:00.866 --> 27:05.333 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And now we step back for a historical perspective on addresses to the nation. 27:05.333 --> 27:09.800 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% The State of the Union is an uninterrupted opportunity for President Trump to outline 27:09.800 --> 27:12.733 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% his legislative agenda and his priorities. 27:12.733 --> 27:17.733 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% To help us understand the potential significance of tonight, I am joined by presidential historian 27:18.466 --> 27:19.900 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% Michael Beschloss. 27:19.900 --> 27:21.133 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Michael Beschloss, welcome back to the program. 27:21.133 --> 27:22.500 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% It's good to see you. 27:22.500 --> 27:24.000 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% MICHAEL BESCHLOSS, Presidential Historian: Thank you. 27:24.000 --> 27:26.100 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: So, a lot of eyes on the president tonight. 27:26.100 --> 27:29.033 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% What sort of opportunity does the State of the Union present? 27:29.033 --> 27:34.033 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% MICHAEL BESCHLOSS: Well, it is most suited if you have got a president who has got something 27:36.000 --> 27:38.133 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% new, wants to tell the country, I want to move in a different direction. 27:38.133 --> 27:42.566 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% For instance, 1941, in January, Franklin Roosevelt talked about the four freedoms that he wanted 27:44.066 --> 27:46.133 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% to see around the world. 27:46.133 --> 27:50.666 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% What that told Americans was, this is a president who really is a lot more likely to want to 27:52.066 --> 27:55.600 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% get involved in World War II against Hitler than we expected. 27:55.600 --> 27:59.766 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Lyndon Johnson in '64 and '65 said, I want a war on poverty. 27:59.766 --> 28:03.400 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% I want to go for civil rights and voting rights. 28:03.400 --> 28:08.400 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% George W. Bush in 2002 talked about the axis of evil, what we should do to worry about 28:10.466 --> 28:12.033 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% North Korea, Iran, Iraq. 28:12.033 --> 28:16.266 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Look how much that has affected world history ever since then. 28:16.266 --> 28:19.666 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% That's the best opportunity for a president in this situation. 28:19.666 --> 28:24.666 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: So, Michael, do the words a president speaks at a State of the Union or 28:26.700 --> 28:30.333 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% at other important events, do they actually have the ability to move legislation, to get 28:31.666 --> 28:35.333 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% people behind him for whatever he wants to get done? 28:35.333 --> 28:38.000 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% MICHAEL BESCHLOSS: If they give a great speech. 28:38.000 --> 28:43.000 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% For instance, Lyndon Johnson in 1964, he really felt in his heart about poverty. 28:44.966 --> 28:48.633 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% He helped to tell Americans, this is a disgrace that, in this prosperous country, there are 28:48.633 --> 28:51.300 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% so many people who are suffering. 28:51.300 --> 28:54.933 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% That got Americans to lean on their members of Congress to move. 28:54.933 --> 28:59.166 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: Well, you also have -- it's part of what we're all talking about tonight 28:59.166 --> 29:02.866 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% - - you have a nontraditional president in Donald Trump... 29:02.866 --> 29:04.933 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MICHAEL BESCHLOSS: Indeed. 29:04.933 --> 29:07.766 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: ... but in a very traditional setting, making the speech, State of the Union, 29:07.766 --> 29:09.833 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% standing before the Congress. 29:09.833 --> 29:12.066 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Is there any historical precedent? 29:12.066 --> 29:16.400 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% MICHAEL BESCHLOSS: Well, the interesting thing, there is not, and especially because you have 29:16.400 --> 29:21.400 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% got a president who basically says -- is proud of the fact, much as it grieves me to say 29:23.366 --> 29:26.200 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% this, Judy, he says he's not very interested in history and doesn't read books. 29:26.200 --> 29:31.200 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% So, this is very different from most presidents who study how other presidents have used this 29:31.800 --> 29:33.833 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% occasion. 29:33.833 --> 29:37.433 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And so if you think, is this someone who is going to write a speech, stick to it, and 29:39.433 --> 29:43.866 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% not get off the teleprompter, he probably will get off the teleprompter, and that could 29:43.866 --> 29:45.800 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% be the news of the night. 29:45.800 --> 29:48.633 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: It's interesting, because, as we know, Michael, there is so much focus 29:48.633 --> 29:53.633 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% right now on the president -- how the president uses social media, what he says in his tweets... 29:54.500 --> 29:56.566 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MICHAEL BESCHLOSS: Right. 29:56.566 --> 29:58.533 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: ... and in his -- especially - - and in his other off-the-cuff remarks. 29:58.533 --> 30:03.166 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% So, when you weigh a speech vs. the off the cuff, you really are looking at a different 30:05.066 --> 30:06.633 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% way of getting a message out. 30:06.633 --> 30:08.666 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% MICHAEL BESCHLOSS: That's right. 30:08.666 --> 30:13.100 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And this is a reality TV star, and he knows that people are usually more interested in 30:14.500 --> 30:17.233 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% what seems to be spontaneous than what is on script. 30:17.233 --> 30:20.866 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And also he famously doesn't have a lot of self-discipline. 30:20.866 --> 30:25.866 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% He gave a somewhat unifying, rather polished speech off the teleprompter to Congress last 30:27.900 --> 30:32.300 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% year, was widely praised for it and, as you remember, very quickly after that did a tweet 30:34.300 --> 30:37.900 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% about Barack Obama supposedly bugging Trump Tower that sort of stamped on his message. 30:39.900 --> 30:43.966 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: And, finally, Michael, I guess picking up on that, but this is a moment when 30:43.966 --> 30:48.966 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% there is this investigative cloud hanging over the president. 30:51.000 --> 30:54.633 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Is this a moment to shake that loose, or how do people see a president at a moment like 30:55.666 --> 30:57.366 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% this? 30:57.366 --> 31:01.333 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% MICHAEL BESCHLOSS: Well, Donald Trump has got two historical choices. 31:01.333 --> 31:06.333 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% In 1974, Richard Nixon went before Congress and said, time to end the Watergate investigation. 31:07.666 --> 31:10.566 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% He said, one year of Watergate is enough. 31:10.566 --> 31:15.566 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Twenty years ago, in 1998, Bill Clinton, just after the Monica Lewinsky episode began, went 31:18.000 --> 31:21.233 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% before Congress, gives this long speech, about 90 minutes. 31:21.233 --> 31:25.000 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% People kept on waiting to hear what he was going to say about the scandal. 31:25.000 --> 31:27.466 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% He didn't say a word. 31:27.466 --> 31:31.900 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% And, as a result, Clinton's public approval rating, as measured by the Gallup poll, went 31:32.833 --> 31:35.666 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% up 10 points from 59 to 69. 31:35.666 --> 31:37.966 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% So we will see which course the president chooses. 31:37.966 --> 31:41.300 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: And we're hearing tonight the president doesn't plan to mention the Russia 31:41.300 --> 31:42.300 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% investigation. 31:42.300 --> 31:43.566 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% So, we will be watching. 31:43.566 --> 31:45.733 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Michael Beschloss, thank you very much. 31:45.733 --> 31:50.733 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% MICHAEL BESCHLOSS: Thank you so much, Judy. 31:53.100 --> 31:58.100 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: Stay with us. 32:00.433 --> 32:05.133 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% Coming up on the "NewsHour": how a community in Ohio is responding to the opioid epidemic; 32:07.166 --> 32:09.800 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% teachers' efforts to support so-called dreamers. 32:09.800 --> 32:14.800 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% But, first, we return to the Trump administration's policy toward Russia. 32:16.800 --> 32:20.233 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% John Yang has more on that and a look ahead to the upcoming presidential election there. 32:22.533 --> 32:25.433 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% JOHN YANG: Judy, last summer, Congress overwhelmingly voted to sanction Russia for meddling in the 32:26.166 --> 32:28.366 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% 2016 U.S. elections. 32:28.366 --> 32:32.933 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% Last night, the Trump administration said it is not imposing any of the sanctions because 32:32.933 --> 32:35.033 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% the threat of them is enough. 32:35.033 --> 32:39.733 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% The measure also directed the Treasury Department to compile a list of Russian senior political 32:39.733 --> 32:44.733 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% leaders, heads of state-controlled industries and oligarchs worth more than a billion dollars 32:45.866 --> 32:47.900 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% in an effort to name and shame them. 32:47.900 --> 32:52.533 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Last night, the Treasury Department sent Congress a list of more than 200 names. 32:52.533 --> 32:57.333 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% It includes Russian Prime Minister and former President Dmitry Medvedev, Igor Sechin, the 32:57.333 --> 33:01.800 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% chief of Rosneft, a Russian energy giant. 33:01.800 --> 33:04.733 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% He is part of President Putin's inner circle. 33:04.733 --> 33:09.733 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% And Oleg Deripaska, a billionaire aluminum magnate with alleged ties to corporate -- sorry 33:10.466 --> 33:12.466 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% - - to organized crime. 33:12.466 --> 33:16.500 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% He is also the business partner -- or was the business partner of now indicted and former 33:16.500 --> 33:19.533 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Trump campaign chairman Paul Manafort. 33:19.533 --> 33:22.200 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Joining us now to talk all about this is Andrew Weiss. 33:22.200 --> 33:26.966 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% He worked for both Republican and Democratic administrations as a staffer on the National 33:26.966 --> 33:30.233 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Security Council and in the state and Defense Departments. 33:30.233 --> 33:33.200 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% He's now at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 33:33.200 --> 33:35.300 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% Andrew, thanks for being here. 33:35.300 --> 33:37.266 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% Let's begin with this list. 33:37.266 --> 33:39.333 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% What's the point of it? 33:39.333 --> 33:43.033 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% The Treasury Department was careful to say no one on this list is being sanctioned, so 33:43.033 --> 33:47.566 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% why did Congress want to draw it up, and what does being on that list mean? 33:47.566 --> 33:49.600 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% ANDREW WEISS, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace: Well, you said a second ago that the 33:49.600 --> 33:54.366 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% core of the sanctions bill, which was approved last summer, was basically to tie the hands 33:54.366 --> 33:58.133 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% of the administration and to make sure that there would be no precipitous effort by the 33:58.133 --> 34:02.200 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% new administration to basically take the heat off of Vladimir Putin for what he's done in 34:02.200 --> 34:05.700 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% Ukraine, what he's doing in Syria, what he did in our election. 34:05.700 --> 34:10.700 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% As an added sort of attempt to kind of needle this administration to do whatever they could 34:12.666 --> 34:16.133 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% to create so much sort of negative valence around Russia's business and government figures, 34:17.666 --> 34:19.733 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% they said compile a list and show us how dirty these people are. 34:19.733 --> 34:23.200 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% That wasn't something that the administration was enthusiastic about. 34:23.200 --> 34:26.966 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% They have resisted this entire sanctions bill tooth and nail. 34:26.966 --> 34:30.766 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And then when the time came to finally deliver the report to Congress, they basically said, 34:30.766 --> 34:35.533 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% here's a list we have cut and pasted out of - - basically out of open sources to make the 34:35.533 --> 34:37.633 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% effect as limited as possible. 34:37.633 --> 34:42.633 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% JOHN YANG: You say that they have fought this sanctions bill tooth and nail. 34:44.566 --> 34:47.600 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Yesterday, the State Department said that the threat of sanctions was deterrence enough 34:47.600 --> 34:49.900 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% against the Russians for meddling in the elections. 34:49.900 --> 34:54.900 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% But then Mike Pompeo, the CIA director, said they are already trying to meddle in the 2018 34:55.500 --> 34:57.166 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% elections. 34:57.166 --> 35:00.366 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% So, what do you say -- what's your response or how do you take that? 35:00.366 --> 35:04.533 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% ANDREW WEISS: Well, dysfunction and incoherence are now the norm in the Trump administration's 35:04.533 --> 35:07.000 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% foreign policy. 35:07.000 --> 35:10.066 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% So, the fact that you have basically an administration where no one really trusts them on Russia 35:10.066 --> 35:12.133 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% policy, people basically hear what Donald Trump says. 35:12.133 --> 35:16.266 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% He talks continuously, including last week, about the possibility of a new reset with 35:16.266 --> 35:18.333 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% the Russians. 35:18.333 --> 35:21.100 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% He continues to exaggerate Russia's relevance for our foreign policy agenda. 35:21.100 --> 35:24.066 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And then you have people down below inside the bureaucracy who want to show that they're 35:24.066 --> 35:28.100 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% tough and who want to show that Russia's behavior will have consequences. 35:28.100 --> 35:30.066 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% You can't combine those two approaches. 35:30.066 --> 35:32.500 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% JOHN YANG: How is this being interpreted in Russia? 35:32.500 --> 35:35.766 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% ANDREW WEISS: Well, right now, Russia is in a pre-election frenzy. 35:35.766 --> 35:40.466 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And so for Vladimir Putin to be able to say, see, the United States is targeting us, they 35:40.466 --> 35:44.766 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% want to bring us back to where we were at our low point in the 1990s, today, when Vladimir 35:44.766 --> 35:49.600 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Putin was speaking on Russian television, he said all 146 million Russians are on this 35:49.600 --> 35:51.700 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% list. 35:51.700 --> 35:54.366 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% So, what he's trying to do is a classic strategy - - he's done this consistently over the last 35:54.366 --> 35:57.600 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% 18 years in power -- of saying, the West is against us. 35:57.600 --> 35:59.966 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And if we rally behind me, I will keep Russia strong. 35:59.966 --> 36:01.566 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% So, in many ways, we play into his hands. 36:01.566 --> 36:03.566 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% JOHN YANG: The first round is March 18. 36:03.566 --> 36:07.233 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% He's saying that this is an example of the United States trying to meddle in the Russian 36:07.233 --> 36:08.233 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% election. 36:08.233 --> 36:09.466 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% ANDREW WEISS: Right. 36:09.466 --> 36:11.466 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And that, to me, has zero credibility. 36:11.466 --> 36:14.600 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And a former president of Estonia joke today: I don't know what's funnier, the sanctions 36:14.600 --> 36:17.200 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% being as empty as they are or you claiming you have an election. 36:17.200 --> 36:22.200 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% JOHN YANG: And, also, what is going on with the sort of -- is this an effort on Vladimir 36:24.166 --> 36:28.733 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Putin to sort of boost the turnout, to try to really get a big -- look like a huge mandate 36:29.466 --> 36:31.466 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% out of this election? 36:31.466 --> 36:33.400 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% ANDREW WEISS: That's where the Kremlin is I think legitimately worried. 36:33.400 --> 36:36.300 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% The lack of any real competitive political process, the lack of any drama about this 36:36.300 --> 36:41.266 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% election has basically put most of the Russian body politic into a snooze mode. 36:41.266 --> 36:46.266 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% And there is very little to get them excited enough to return Vladimir Putin for his presumably 36:47.733 --> 36:50.266 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% fourth and final term with a big turnout or a big boost. 36:50.266 --> 36:55.066 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% So, at this point, there's mostly inertia, apathy, and lack of alternatives that is cementing 36:55.666 --> 36:57.133 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% his rule. 36:57.133 --> 37:00.300 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% JOHN YANG: And is the opposition trying to get turnout down? 37:00.300 --> 37:02.766 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% ANDREW WEISS: Yes. 37:02.766 --> 37:05.966 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% So, on Sunday, there were demonstrations across Russia convened by the Russian opposition 37:05.966 --> 37:09.333 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% leader, Alexei Navalny, who is calling for a boycott of election. 37:09.333 --> 37:13.133 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% The Kremlin is clearly very concerned about that and is doing whatever it can to push 37:13.133 --> 37:15.666 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% him basically out of the news. 37:15.666 --> 37:18.366 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% JOHN YANG: Andrew Weiss at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, thanks for helping 37:18.366 --> 37:21.000 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% us understand this. 37:21.000 --> 37:26.000 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% ANDREW WEISS: Thank you. 37:28.633 --> 37:33.633 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: When a county in Southern Ohio saw a sharp spike in the number of fatal opioid-related 37:37.666 --> 37:42.666 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% overdoses, they responded by forming PORT, the Post Overdose Response Team. 37:44.666 --> 37:49.033 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Esther Honig of Side Effects, which is a Public Media project, reports how Ross County, Ohio, 37:51.166 --> 37:55.300 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% has enlisted local law enforcement, addiction treatment services and the health department 37:56.500 --> 37:58.533 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% to work together and help curb overdoses. 37:58.533 --> 38:03.300 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% ESTHER HONIG: Every Wednesday, morning in Chillicothe, Ohio, this overdose task force 38:04.566 --> 38:06.666 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% meets. 38:06.666 --> 38:09.533 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% There's a police officer, a sheriff's deputy, and a social worker from a local addiction 38:09.533 --> 38:11.600 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% treatment center. 38:11.600 --> 38:15.066 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% The group sets out to follow up with each person in Ross County who overdosed the week 38:15.066 --> 38:16.066 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% before. 38:16.066 --> 38:17.266 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% Their mission? 38:17.266 --> 38:19.733 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% Get them into treatment. 38:19.733 --> 38:24.733 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% The program started after a string of fatal overdoses in 2016, and county leaders came 38:25.600 --> 38:27.700 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% together to find a solution. 38:27.700 --> 38:30.966 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% DAVE WEBER, Ross County Deputy Sheriff: Out of the meetings came a decision that we needed 38:30.966 --> 38:35.866 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% some type of team to go out and speak with people that have overdosed, either their families 38:35.866 --> 38:38.900 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% or both family and the overdose victim. 38:38.900 --> 38:43.100 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% And somebody named it PORT, which is a Post Overdose Response Team. 38:43.100 --> 38:46.733 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% ESTHER HONIG: PORT allows law enforcement to take on the role of a social worker. 38:46.733 --> 38:51.033 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% They talk to residents about addiction and help them find treatment, even if that means 38:51.033 --> 38:55.133 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% driving them to facilities out of state when there's nothing available in their area. 38:55.133 --> 38:58.600 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Today, the team follows up with just four overdoses. 38:58.600 --> 39:00.800 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% In the past, they have had as many as 20. 39:00.800 --> 39:04.533 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% DAVE WEBER: I would just like to come in one day, and we don't have any. 39:04.533 --> 39:08.866 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% ESTHER HONIG: At their first stop, resident Chad Lurty is shocked when the PORT team tells 39:08.866 --> 39:10.933 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% him his friend struggles with addiction. 39:10.933 --> 39:14.833 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% CHAD LURTY, Ohio Resident: I think very highly of him, and my heart's broke. 39:14.833 --> 39:16.900 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% I had no idea he had a problem. 39:16.900 --> 39:21.233 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% ESTHER HONIG: Recently, PORT began offering training on how to use the overdose reversal 39:21.233 --> 39:23.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% drug naloxone, also known as Narcan. 39:23.333 --> 39:27.966 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Dave Weber, one of the deputies, said that you're in a position to be really helpful 39:27.966 --> 39:28.966 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% in this situation. 39:28.966 --> 39:30.233 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% CHAD LURTY: I will try. 39:30.233 --> 39:32.233 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% I don't want to see anybody die. 39:32.233 --> 39:34.733 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% ESTHER HONIG: And you think you might go through the Narcan training? 39:34.733 --> 39:37.633 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% CHAD LURTY: I'm going to very seriously consider that. 39:37.633 --> 39:42.133 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% ESTHER HONIG: Here in Ross County, the rate of fatal opioid-related overdoses is nearly 39:42.133 --> 39:45.300 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% double the national average and one of the highest in the state. 39:45.300 --> 39:50.300 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Now, PORT, with a relatively small budget, has managed to get people the resources they 39:52.300 --> 39:55.500 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% need in time to hopefully prevent more of these overdoses from happening. 39:55.500 --> 39:57.900 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Still, not everyone supports what they do. 39:57.900 --> 40:02.333 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% DAVE WEBER: We have some people that are upset that we give them Narcan. 40:02.333 --> 40:07.333 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% You know, they say that it was this person's choice to do it, you know? 40:08.533 --> 40:11.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% But we kind of -- we don't buy that. 40:11.700 --> 40:15.900 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% My response to them is, what if it were your son, daughter, wife, or husband laying on 40:15.900 --> 40:17.366 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% the ground? 40:17.366 --> 40:19.433 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Would you want us to turn around and walk away? 40:19.433 --> 40:21.866 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% ESTHER HONIG: You guys need to go to them because these people are not in a situation 40:21.866 --> 40:24.800 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% where they can necessarily seek out help themselves. 40:24.800 --> 40:26.266 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DAVE WEBER: Right, right, yes. 40:26.266 --> 40:28.200 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% When we first get there, they're reluctant to speak with us. 40:28.200 --> 40:31.500 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% We explain what we're there for, and we're not going to arrest them. 40:31.500 --> 40:33.200 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% We're not there in a law enforcement capacity. 40:33.200 --> 40:35.166 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And most of them open up and talk to us. 40:35.166 --> 40:38.866 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% ESTHER HONIG: Jessica Lutz overdosed at a store with her daughters. 40:38.866 --> 40:42.066 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% She remembers when the PORT team came to her door a few days later. 40:42.066 --> 40:46.566 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% JESSICA LUTZ, Resident in Recovery: My doorbell rang, and I was scared to death, because here 40:46.566 --> 40:51.566 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% comes my mom, like, there's an officer and a woman at your front door and they want to 40:52.400 --> 40:54.500 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% talk to you. 40:54.500 --> 40:56.733 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And I walked out there, and the officer said - - he said, I'm not here to arrest you. 40:56.733 --> 40:58.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% I'm just here to make sure she's OK. 40:58.700 --> 41:00.200 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% She would just like to talk to you. 41:00.200 --> 41:02.200 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% And I met Tracy Hathaway (ph). 41:02.200 --> 41:06.933 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% ESTHER HONIG: The social worker, who was also a recovering addict, convinced Jessica that 41:08.400 --> 41:09.866 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% there were resources that would help her get clean. 41:09.866 --> 41:13.066 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% JESSICA LUTZ: There is hope that people can recover. 41:13.066 --> 41:15.100 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% She was doing it. 41:15.100 --> 41:18.400 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% There was this place of people that were doing it all the time that I didn't know existed, 41:18.400 --> 41:21.866 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% you know, all these recovery places that we don't hear about. 41:21.866 --> 41:26.866 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% ESTHER HONIG: PORT got Jessica into outpatient care immediately, and after a month a bed 41:27.733 --> 41:31.100 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% at a nearby recovery center. 41:31.100 --> 41:35.566 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Right now, there are only a few programs like this in Ohio, but local lawmakers recently 41:35.566 --> 41:40.533 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% put aside over a million dollars to be able to replicate PORT in cities across the state. 41:40.533 --> 41:43.000 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And the stakes are higher than ever. 41:43.000 --> 41:47.733 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% Each day, more than 142 people in the U.S. die from a drug overdose. 41:47.733 --> 41:52.733 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% That's more than the number of people who die from gun violence and car accidents combined. 41:54.200 --> 41:55.766 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% It's something that Jessica doesn't take for granted. 41:55.766 --> 41:59.200 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% She came from rehab and credits PORT with having saved her life. 41:59.200 --> 42:04.200 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% JESSICA LUTZ: Just to have that conversation after something like that happens, and no 42:05.333 --> 42:06.633 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% matter who you are, that's so scary. 42:06.633 --> 42:09.100 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% We don't want to die. 42:09.100 --> 42:12.066 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% We just don't know how not to use. 42:12.066 --> 42:17.066 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And to find somebody that understands that and knows that we don't want to wake up and 42:19.100 --> 42:21.600 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% do these things every day, we don't -- there's no pleasure in what we have to go through 42:21.600 --> 42:26.600 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% each and every day, just to listen to that conversation and know that it really can happen 42:27.766 --> 42:29.500 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% is what changed everything for me. 42:29.500 --> 42:34.500 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% For the "PBS NewsHour," I'm Esther Honig in Chillicothe, Ohio. 42:38.500 --> 42:43.500 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: The deadline to work out an immigration agreement is a little more than 42:47.433 --> 42:49.000 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% a week away. 42:49.000 --> 42:53.100 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% One of the key dividing lines, what to do about dreamers. 42:53.100 --> 42:57.833 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% President Trump has said he plans to scrap the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals 42:57.833 --> 43:02.366 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% program, known as DACA, this spring unless a deal can be worked out. 43:02.366 --> 43:07.366 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% In California and other states, teachers are on the front lines and student anxiety is 43:08.200 --> 43:09.733 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% on the rise. 43:09.733 --> 43:12.800 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% We have a story from one of our Student Reporting Labs. 43:12.800 --> 43:15.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% It's reported by Fernando Cienfuegos. 43:15.333 --> 43:19.066 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% He's a junior at Northview High School in Southern California. 43:19.066 --> 43:21.400 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% It's for our weekly segment Making the Grade. 43:21.400 --> 43:25.800 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% PAULINA, Student: Northview When DACA got rescinded, I didn't really know where to go. 43:25.800 --> 43:28.266 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% It was just a very numb feeling. 43:28.266 --> 43:32.366 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% FERNANDO CIENFUEGOS: Paulina Garcia is a recent Northview High School graduate and DACA recipient. 43:32.366 --> 43:35.966 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% She attends Mount San Antonio Community College. 43:35.966 --> 43:40.966 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% She says her high school teachers were critical in helping her get there. 43:43.000 --> 43:45.566 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% They outlined the steps she had to take as an undocumented student to get to graduation. 43:45.566 --> 43:49.933 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% PAULINA: If I didn't have Ms. Arellanes, I think I wouldn't have been as inspired to 43:49.933 --> 43:52.100 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% continue on my education. 43:52.100 --> 43:56.900 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% She would constantly give me paperwork and paperwork about dream, the DREAM Act, dreamers' 43:56.900 --> 43:58.966 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% financial aid. 43:58.966 --> 44:01.900 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And that was very, very helpful, because I didn't know where else to get that information. 44:01.900 --> 44:04.600 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Just the immense amount of belief they had in me. 44:04.600 --> 44:08.433 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% YEMINA ARELLANES, Teacher: Are you going to mention why you just began working this year? 44:08.433 --> 44:12.000 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% PAULINA: I just starting working this year I barely got my DACA this year. 44:12.000 --> 44:13.633 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% So, I'm just... 44:13.633 --> 44:15.633 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% YEMINA ARELLANES: But you are not going to put it in the statement? 44:15.633 --> 44:18.233 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% FERNANDO CIENFUEGOS: Yemina Arellanes teaches economics and provides college advising at 44:18.233 --> 44:20.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Northview High School in Covina, California. 44:20.600 --> 44:25.000 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% She is one of a growing number of educators who independently sought training to support 44:25.000 --> 44:26.966 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% undocumented students. 44:26.966 --> 44:30.866 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% YEMINA ARELLANES: What motivated me to help undocumented students here at Northview was 44:30.866 --> 44:33.400 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% actually seeing the need. 44:33.400 --> 44:35.766 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% They really didn't know where to go. 44:35.766 --> 44:38.800 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% FERNANDO CIENFUEGOS: The Trump administration's approach towards immigration actually scares 44:38.800 --> 44:40.766 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% some students. 44:40.766 --> 44:44.500 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% YEMINA ARELLANES: They have got a deep-seated struggle going on within them, because as 44:44.500 --> 44:49.500 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% hard as they work and as much as they want to be educated, they have this fear inside 44:51.366 --> 44:55.033 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% that perhaps within the next few years, no matter how educated they are, they might be 44:55.900 --> 44:57.966 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% removed from this country. 44:57.966 --> 45:01.766 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% We're still trying to rebuild that trust and let them know that it's OK to come to us, 45:03.800 --> 45:05.800 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% that we're not going to work against them and that we're not going to turn them in. 45:05.800 --> 45:10.600 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% FERNANDO CIENFUEGOS: An estimated 271,000 undocumented students are enrolled in the 45:10.600 --> 45:15.500 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% California K-12 public school system, the largest number in the country, according to 45:15.500 --> 45:17.633 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% the Migration Policy Institute. 45:17.633 --> 45:22.466 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% In 1982, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that undocumented children have the right to a 45:22.466 --> 45:24.966 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% public education. 45:24.966 --> 45:28.600 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Immigration advocates say that these students are a special needs group who would benefit 45:28.600 --> 45:33.600 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% from schools providing counseling, legal advice, and federal immigration policy information 45:34.333 --> 45:36.366 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% to their student body. 45:36.366 --> 45:40.466 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Claremont Graduate University Professor William Perez studies the social and psychological 45:40.466 --> 45:42.433 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% development of immigrant students. 45:42.433 --> 45:44.933 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% He says teachers need tools. 45:44.933 --> 45:47.433 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% WILLIAM PEREZ, Claremont Graduate University: They're in desperate need of information about 45:47.433 --> 45:49.933 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% all the legislation. 45:49.933 --> 45:54.933 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Teachers go online and they will Google things, or they will find out about Webinars or they 45:56.966 --> 46:00.000 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% will find out about something that -- where they can go and sort of educate themselves. 46:00.000 --> 46:03.500 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% But being done in a very unsystematic way. 46:03.500 --> 46:07.866 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% FERNANDO CIENFUEGOS: Dr. Perez has launched the nation's first allies-to-dreamers certificate 46:07.866 --> 46:09.933 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% program. 46:09.933 --> 46:13.133 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% The course trains educators how to support undocumented students transitioning to college 46:13.133 --> 46:15.233 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% and into the work force. 46:15.233 --> 46:19.466 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% WILLIAM PEREZ: Teachers need to be well-equipped to be able to be responsive to their students. 46:21.733 --> 46:24.500 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% FERNANDO CIENFUEGOS: Despite supporting undocumented students, some conservatives, like Santa Ana 46:24.500 --> 46:29.500 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% School Board member Cecilia Iglesias, believe academics should be the focus. 46:31.366 --> 46:32.833 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% CECILIA IGLESIAS, Santa Ana School Board: Santa Ana, traditionally, historically, we 46:32.833 --> 46:35.233 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% have been underperforming, which means failing our kids. 46:35.233 --> 46:39.533 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% And in the past 10 years, we have been on program improvement. 46:39.533 --> 46:41.166 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And those are the things we should be talking about. 46:41.166 --> 46:43.200 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% That's why we were elected. 46:43.200 --> 46:47.166 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% If we wanted to go into be affecting immigration policy, we should go into Congress. 46:48.600 --> 46:50.966 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Politics should never come into it when it comes to education. 46:50.966 --> 46:55.600 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% FERNANDO CIENFUEGOS: Still, teachers like Yemina Arellanes say more must be done. 46:55.600 --> 47:00.633 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% YEMINA ARELLANES: I wish that the district would really work to educate our teachers, 47:02.600 --> 47:06.533 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% perhaps bring in some guest speakers of students who have graduated and have succeeded who 47:09.033 --> 47:12.633 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% were undocumented, so that everybody can see that our kids and other kids that are undocumented, 47:14.300 --> 47:18.400 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% they make it, they make it, if they have the support from the adults. 47:18.400 --> 47:23.300 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% FERNANDO CIENFUEGOS: For the "PBS NewsHour"'s Student Reporting Labs, I'm Fernando Cienfuegos 47:23.300 --> 47:28.300 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% in Covina, California. 47:29.700 --> 47:34.300 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: Now to the "NewsHour" Bookshelf. 47:37.066 --> 47:39.333 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% So, when do you work best? 47:39.333 --> 47:42.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Are you a night owl or an early bird? 47:42.100 --> 47:45.400 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% Jeffrey Brown explores these questions with author Daniel Pink. 47:45.400 --> 47:48.733 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% JEFFREY BROWN: There are plenty of how-to books out there. 47:48.733 --> 47:53.733 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% Now comes a when-to, the best time of book the take an exam, say, or have a medical procedure, 47:55.700 --> 47:59.533 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% and big life decision, getting married, getting divorced, quitting a job. 47:59.533 --> 48:04.000 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% The book is titled "When: The Scientific Secrets of Perfect Timing." 48:04.000 --> 48:06.400 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And author Daniel Pink joins me now. 48:06.400 --> 48:08.433 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% Dan, hello. 48:08.433 --> 48:09.933 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% DANIEL PINK, Author, "When: The Scientific Secrets of Perfect Timing": Hello, Jeff. 48:09.933 --> 48:11.300 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% JEFFREY BROWN: Let me start with a when question for you. 48:11.300 --> 48:13.366 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% When did you get interested in this, and why? 48:13.366 --> 48:16.866 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% DANIEL PINK: Well, I realized that I was making all kinds of when decisions myself, so things 48:16.866 --> 48:19.200 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% like, when in the day should I exercise? 48:19.200 --> 48:21.266 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% When should I abandon a project that's not working? 48:21.266 --> 48:23.966 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And I was making them in a pretty haphazard way. 48:23.966 --> 48:25.800 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% And I figured I could make them in a better way. 48:25.800 --> 48:27.800 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And I started looking at this research. 48:27.800 --> 48:31.800 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And there is a mountain of research out there across many, many domains that allow us to 48:33.766 --> 48:37.533 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% make evidence-based, systematically smarter, shrewder decisions about when to do things. 48:38.666 --> 48:39.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% JEFFREY BROWN: Smarter, shrewder. 48:39.600 --> 48:40.400 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% That subtitle, "Science," right? 48:40.400 --> 48:41.900 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% DANIEL PINK: Sure. 48:41.900 --> 48:43.566 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% JEFFREY BROWN: So, that's the data that you're looking at. 48:43.566 --> 48:45.733 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DANIEL PINK: Oh, yes, yes, yes. 48:45.733 --> 48:49.566 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% It's data that comes in the field of economics, social psychology, but also cognitive science, 48:50.433 --> 48:51.633 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% anesthesiology, endocrinology. 48:51.633 --> 48:53.966 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% There's a whole field of chronobiology. 48:53.966 --> 48:56.033 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% Linguistics gives us some clues. 48:56.033 --> 48:58.666 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% So, this research is all over the place. 48:58.666 --> 49:01.733 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% But in these different disciplines, they're asking very, very similar questions. 49:01.733 --> 49:04.500 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% JEFFREY BROWN: All right, so daily routines first. 49:04.500 --> 49:07.733 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% You're teasing out some of the patterns of our lives. 49:07.733 --> 49:11.966 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% DANIEL PINK: Well, what it shows is that both our mood and our performance follow a fairly 49:11.966 --> 49:14.166 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% regular pattern across a day. 49:14.166 --> 49:17.500 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% So we usually have a peak, a trough, and a rebound. 49:17.500 --> 49:19.866 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% So our peak for most people is in the morning. 49:19.866 --> 49:24.233 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% You have a trough in the early afternoon, and then we have this rebound, recovery period 49:24.233 --> 49:26.233 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% later in the day. 49:26.233 --> 49:29.000 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Now, for people who are night owls, they go through it in the reverse order. 49:29.000 --> 49:33.233 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% But what the research tells us is that we should be doing our analytic work, our heads-down, 49:33.233 --> 49:34.733 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% lockdown work during the peak. 49:34.733 --> 49:37.933 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% During the trough, it's not good for very much. 49:37.933 --> 49:42.033 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% We should be doing our -- we should be avoiding going to the hospital and answering our routine 49:42.033 --> 49:44.066 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% e-mail. 49:44.066 --> 49:47.100 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And then, during the recovery, we have an elevated mood, but we're less vigilant than 49:47.100 --> 49:49.200 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% during the peak. 49:49.200 --> 49:51.800 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% And that makes it a very good time for things like brainstorming and other kinds of creative 49:51.800 --> 49:53.466 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% work. 49:53.466 --> 49:56.300 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% And just moving our work just a little bit can make a big difference. 49:56.300 --> 50:01.066 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% There's research showing that time of day explains about 20 percent of the variance 50:01.066 --> 50:03.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% in human performance on workplace tasks. 50:03.333 --> 50:05.466 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% So timing isn't everything, but it's a big thing. 50:05.466 --> 50:09.566 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% JEFFREY BROWN: So the important thing is knowing who you are, in a sense, right? 50:09.566 --> 50:10.800 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% DANIEL PINK: Yes. 50:10.800 --> 50:12.133 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Some of us have what are early chronotypes. 50:12.133 --> 50:13.133 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% We're larks. 50:13.133 --> 50:15.200 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% Get up early, go to sleep early. 50:15.200 --> 50:18.633 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Some people have evening chronotypes, owls, go to sleep late, wake up late. 50:18.633 --> 50:21.400 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% Most of us are kind of in the middle, what I called third birds. 50:21.400 --> 50:26.400 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% But the people who are larks and third birds peak, trough, recovery fairly predictably. 50:27.966 --> 50:30.233 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% The people who are owls, recovery, trough, peak fairly predictably. 50:30.233 --> 50:34.400 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% JEFFREY BROWN: There is so much fun to reading this, and then there's the scary things like, 50:34.400 --> 50:37.166 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% don't go have a medical preening in the afternoon. 50:37.166 --> 50:38.400 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% That's not a good idea. 50:38.400 --> 50:40.433 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% DANIEL PINK: That is really not a good idea. 50:40.433 --> 50:43.000 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% It's kind of alarming if you look at some of the research. 50:43.000 --> 50:47.966 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Anesthesia errors, four times more likely at 3:00 p.m. than at 9:00 a.m. 50:47.966 --> 50:52.966 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Endoscopists find half as many polyps in routine colonoscopies in afternoon exams vs. morning 50:53.466 --> 50:56.133 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% exams. 50:56.133 --> 50:58.400 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% Nurses less likely to wash their hands, physicians more likely to prescribe unnecessary antibiotics 50:58.400 --> 50:59.400 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% in the afternoon. 50:59.400 --> 51:01.433 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% JEFFREY BROWN: Yes. 51:01.433 --> 51:05.400 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% So, speaking of afternoon, taking breaks is clearly -- breaking up the day, which leads 51:07.000 --> 51:09.466 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% to the question of naps, for example, everyone is familiar with that. 51:09.466 --> 51:14.466 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% But you're not talking just about taking a nap, but very specific amounts of time, right? 51:15.200 --> 51:16.700 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% DANIEL PINK: Yes. 51:16.700 --> 51:18.833 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% The research on naps shows that naps are actually good for us. 51:18.833 --> 51:22.900 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% I'm a convert on this in that any time I took a nap myself, I would always wake up feeling 51:22.900 --> 51:24.733 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% both groggy and deeply ashamed of myself. 51:24.733 --> 51:25.733 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% (LAUGHTER) 51:25.733 --> 51:26.966 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% JEFFREY BROWN: Right. 51:26.966 --> 51:28.200 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% DANIEL PINK: So, for being so lazy. 51:28.200 --> 51:28.866 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And it turns out I was doing it wrong. 51:28.866 --> 51:30.100 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% The ideal nap... 51:30.100 --> 51:31.033 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% JEFFREY BROWN: We don't have the siesta idea. 51:31.033 --> 51:33.000 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DANIEL PINK: No, not at all. 51:33.000 --> 51:36.333 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% No, I have both the hyper-puritanical and hyper-masculine approach to things, which 51:36.333 --> 51:38.333 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% is a toxic mix. 51:38.333 --> 51:42.933 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% But what we know about naps is that 10 to 20 minutes is actually the ideal time to take 51:43.433 --> 51:44.733 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% a nap. 51:44.733 --> 51:46.566 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% You get all of the benefits of a nap. 51:46.566 --> 51:48.900 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% I think of naps as Zambonis for our brains. 51:48.900 --> 51:52.433 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% They basically smooth out the nicks on our mental ice. 51:52.433 --> 51:55.000 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% But without any of what's called sleep inertia. 51:55.000 --> 51:59.066 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And the ideal nap is something called the nappuccino, where you have a cup of coffee 51:59.066 --> 52:00.400 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% first. 52:00.400 --> 52:02.766 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Set your alarm for maybe 25 minutes. 52:02.766 --> 52:04.466 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% Take a nap. 52:04.466 --> 52:06.166 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% By the time you wake up, the caffeine will be hitting your body. 52:06.166 --> 52:07.166 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% JEFFREY BROWN: Yes, I read this. 52:07.166 --> 52:08.266 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% And this one really hit me. 52:08.266 --> 52:09.266 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% DANIEL PINK: It works. 52:09.266 --> 52:10.500 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% JEFFREY BROWN: It works. 52:10.500 --> 52:11.300 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Drink the coffee, then take the 20-minute nap. 52:11.300 --> 52:13.933 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% DANIEL PINK: Right. 52:13.933 --> 52:17.266 align:left position:10%,start line:71% size:80% JEFFREY BROWN: Now, at the end of every chapter, you have what you call the time hacker's handbook. 52:18.433 --> 52:19.933 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And you are really giving people tips. 52:19.933 --> 52:22.533 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% You think it's practical enough that we can change our lives. 52:22.533 --> 52:23.533 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% DANIEL PINK: Sure. 52:23.533 --> 52:24.766 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% Absolutely. 52:24.766 --> 52:26.800 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% I don't think you can transform your life. 52:26.800 --> 52:29.800 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% If you are overweight and lazy, changing your approach your time isn't convert you in that 52:29.800 --> 52:31.900 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50% way. 52:31.900 --> 52:34.366 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% But what I'm trying to do here is that there's some really amazing science out there that 52:34.366 --> 52:36.833 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% gives us insights into who we are. 52:36.833 --> 52:40.600 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% But I find that if you can take some of that science and put it into place in your own 52:40.600 --> 52:44.533 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% life, it's meaningful and you understand the science better. 52:44.533 --> 52:46.900 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% JEFFREY BROWN: Have you changed your own life, found time? 52:46.900 --> 52:48.200 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DANIEL PINK: Oh, absolutely. 52:48.200 --> 52:50.000 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% So, I am a convert on breaks. 52:50.000 --> 52:52.500 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% I always write down two breaks in the afternoon that I'm going to take. 52:52.500 --> 52:54.066 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% I make a break list. 52:54.066 --> 52:57.233 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% I have also been a convert on good news and bad news. 52:57.233 --> 53:01.500 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70% I always gave the good news first, because I wanted to be a nice guy. 53:01.500 --> 53:05.600 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% But what you really want to do is give the bad news first, end on that elevation. 53:05.600 --> 53:07.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% That's one thing that endings do for us. 53:07.700 --> 53:11.966 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% So, I have become not only a break-taker, but the king of delivering bad news first. 53:11.966 --> 53:13.966 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60% (LAUGHTER) 53:13.966 --> 53:17.133 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% JEFFREY BROWN: The book is "When: The Scientific Secrets of Perfect Timing." 53:17.133 --> 53:18.600 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% Dan Pink, thanks so much. 53:18.600 --> 53:19.800 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% DANIEL PINK: My pleasure. 53:19.800 --> 53:20.800 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80% JUDY WOODRUFF: Fascinating. 53:20.800 --> 53:22.466 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% I'm getting that book. 53:22.466 --> 53:24.733 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Online right now, you can read something else. 53:24.733 --> 53:29.733 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% And that is about the famous Mississippi prison that became a haunted setting in Jesmyn Ward's 53:31.166 --> 53:34.800 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% National Book Award-winning 2017 novel, "Sing, Unburied, Sing." 53:36.766 --> 53:40.200 align:left position:20%,start line:71% size:70% Plus, tomorrow on the "NewsHour," we will speak to Jesmyn Ward as part of our new Book 53:41.666 --> 53:44.733 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80% Club, in partnership with The New York Times, Now Read This. 53:44.733 --> 53:46.866 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% And that's the "NewsHour" for now. 53:46.866 --> 53:51.400 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Please join us tonight at 9:00 p.m. Eastern for special live coverage of President Trump's 53:52.533 --> 53:54.566 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% first State of the Union address. 53:54.566 --> 53:58.300 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% Early excerpts show that Mr. Trump will call on Democrats to work with him and Republicans 53:58.300 --> 54:00.966 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% on immigration and infrastructure. 54:00.966 --> 54:03.833 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70% Follow along online for additional analysis. 54:03.833 --> 54:05.866 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70% I'm Judy Woodruff. 54:05.866 --> 54:09.966 align:left position:10%,start line:77% size:80% For all of us at the "PBS NewsHour," thank you, and we'll see you soon.