WEBVTT 00:00.233 --> 00:00.967 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> Sreenivasan: THIS WEEK MARKED 00:00.967 --> 00:02.268 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE ONE-YEAR ANNIVERSARY OF THE 00:02.268 --> 00:03.903 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ONGOING EBOLA OUTBREAK IN THE 00:03.903 --> 00:04.771 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CONGO. 00:04.771 --> 00:06.873 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO FAR, MORE THAN 2,600 CASES 00:06.873 --> 00:08.908 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HAVE BEEN REPORTED AND 1,700 00:08.908 --> 00:09.609 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DEATHS. 00:09.609 --> 00:11.211 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I RECENTLY SAT DOWN WITH RICHARD 00:11.211 --> 00:11.778 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PRESTON. 00:11.778 --> 00:13.413 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HIS LATEST BOOK, "CRISIS IN THE 00:13.413 --> 00:15.048 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RED ZONE," REPORTS ON THE EBOLA 00:15.048 --> 00:16.583 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EPIDEMIC AND HOW OUR 00:16.583 --> 00:18.184 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INTERCONNECTED WORLD IS MAKING 00:18.184 --> 00:20.387 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT DIFFICULT TO CONTAIN. 00:20.387 --> 00:21.221 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> WELL, IT'S REALLY BECAUSE OF 00:21.221 --> 00:22.822 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MOTHER NATURE. 00:22.822 --> 00:25.258 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EBOLA IS A KIND OF WARNING SHOT 00:25.258 --> 00:26.893 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ACROSS OUR BOW. 00:26.893 --> 00:28.561 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT'S AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT ARE 00:28.561 --> 00:30.397 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% KNOWN AS EMERGING VIRUSES, WHICH 00:30.397 --> 00:32.132 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ARE VIRUSES THAT ARE ESSENTIALLY 00:32.132 --> 00:33.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LEAKING OUT OF THE TROUBLED 00:33.600 --> 00:36.069 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ECOSYSTEMS OF THE PLANET AND 00:36.069 --> 00:38.071 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% GETTING INTO HUMANS. 00:38.071 --> 00:39.305 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE DON'T HAVE ANY IMMUNITY TO 00:39.305 --> 00:41.207 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THESE EMERGING VIRUSES. 00:41.207 --> 00:42.208 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO, THEY CAN BE EXTREMELY 00:42.208 --> 00:44.644 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DEADLY, HIGHLY INFECTIOUS, AND 00:44.644 --> 00:45.678 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE REALLY DON'T HAVE GOOD 00:45.678 --> 00:46.980 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MEDICAL DEFENSES AGAINST THEM. 00:46.980 --> 00:47.680 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> Sreenivasan: WHERE DO THEY 00:47.680 --> 00:49.315 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% START FROM? 00:49.315 --> 00:50.016 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> WELL, THEY START FROM 00:50.016 --> 00:52.218 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ANIMALS, WILD ANIMALS, 00:52.218 --> 00:53.153 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TYPICALLY. 00:53.153 --> 00:55.355 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NOW, A VIRUS IS A TINY PARASITE 00:55.355 --> 00:57.690 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT NEEDS TO HAVE A HOST. 00:57.690 --> 00:58.958 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT CAN ONLY MAKE COPIES OF 00:58.958 --> 01:01.094 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ITSELF INSIDE THE CELLS OF SOME 01:01.094 --> 01:02.062 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HOST. 01:02.062 --> 01:04.264 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND ONE OF THE BIGGEST POTENTIAL 01:04.264 --> 01:06.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HOSTS ON THE PLANET RIGHT NOW IS 01:06.466 --> 01:08.001 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE HUMAN SPECIES. 01:08.001 --> 01:10.737 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE ARE-- THERE ARE 7.5 BILLION 01:10.737 --> 01:13.239 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OF US, AND, INCREASINGLY IN 01:13.239 --> 01:15.208 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HISTORY, HUMANS ARE GATHERING 01:15.208 --> 01:18.678 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INTO THESE GIGANTIC URBAN 01:18.678 --> 01:21.081 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MEGALOPOLISES, SUPERCITIES. 01:21.081 --> 01:23.883 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO GIVE YOU AN EXAMPLE, NEW YORK 01:23.883 --> 01:26.586 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SUPERCITY, WHERE WE ARE, IS 01:26.586 --> 01:28.221 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ABOUT 20 MILLION PEOPLE. 01:28.221 --> 01:30.190 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NOW, THAT'S ABOUT THE POPULATION 01:30.190 --> 01:31.424 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OF FLORIDA. 01:31.424 --> 01:32.392 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO, IF YOU TAKE EVERYBODY IN 01:32.392 --> 01:34.260 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FLORIDA AND YOU CRAM THEM INTO 01:34.260 --> 01:36.463 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ONE CITY, AND EVERYBODY IS 01:36.463 --> 01:38.531 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BREATHING ONE ANOTHER'S AIR AND 01:38.531 --> 01:41.801 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TOUCHING ONE ANOTHER, AND IF AN 01:41.801 --> 01:43.770 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EMERGING VIRUS FROM A 01:43.770 --> 01:45.972 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RAINFOREST ORGANISM GETS INTO A 01:45.972 --> 01:47.974 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HUMAN POPULATION LIKE THAT, AND 01:47.974 --> 01:48.975 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THERE'S NO IMMUNITY TO THE 01:48.975 --> 01:50.477 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THING, AND IT'S EXTREMELY 01:50.477 --> 01:52.112 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INFECTIOUS AND HAS A HIGH 01:52.112 --> 01:54.747 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MORTALITY RATE, THEN WHAT YOU'RE 01:54.747 --> 01:57.117 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% GOING TO SEE IS AN IMMENSE 01:57.117 --> 01:59.119 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CHALLENGE TO THE MEDICAL SYSTEM 01:59.119 --> 02:00.053 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND TO EVERYTHING. 02:00.053 --> 02:00.854 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> Sreenivasan: THE GOOD NEWS 02:00.854 --> 02:02.655 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ABOUT EBOLA IS THAT THERE SEEMS 02:02.655 --> 02:04.757 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO BE A VACCINE THAT IS WORKING 02:04.757 --> 02:06.826 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND IS PRETTY EFFECTIVE. 02:06.826 --> 02:08.595 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WHY CAN'T WE GET THAT VACCINE TO 02:08.595 --> 02:09.629 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ALL OF THESE PLACES THAT ARE 02:09.629 --> 02:10.964 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HAVING THESE OUTBREAKS? 02:10.964 --> 02:11.764 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> WELL, YOU KNOW, IT'S CRAZY. 02:11.764 --> 02:13.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO, THERE'S THIS BIG OUTBREAK OF 02:13.133 --> 02:15.034 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EBOLA GOING ON IN EASTERN CONGO 02:15.034 --> 02:18.872 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RIGHT NOW, AND 160,000 OR MORE 02:18.872 --> 02:21.307 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% VACCINATIONS HAVE BEEN MADE. 02:21.307 --> 02:23.109 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PEOPLE ARE GETTING THE VACCINE, 02:23.109 --> 02:24.744 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BUT THE VIRUS CONTINUES TO 02:24.744 --> 02:25.712 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SPREAD. 02:25.712 --> 02:27.514 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND THE DOCTORS AND MEDICAL 02:27.514 --> 02:29.916 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WORKERS CAN'T TRACE THE CASES. 02:29.916 --> 02:30.884 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% A LOT OF THE CASES THAT ARE 02:30.884 --> 02:32.752 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% COMING UP ARE BRAND NEW. 02:32.752 --> 02:34.220 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EBOLA HAS BEEN IN THE HUMAN 02:34.220 --> 02:36.523 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% POPULATION OF EASTERN CONGO NOW 02:36.523 --> 02:38.725 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FOR MORE THAN A YEAR, AND I 02:38.725 --> 02:40.360 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THINK THERE'S A QUESTION-- SO, 02:40.360 --> 02:42.695 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE VACCINATION STRATEGY JUST 02:42.695 --> 02:44.030 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ISN'T WORKING EVEN THOUGH IT'S A 02:44.030 --> 02:45.498 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% GREAT VACCINE. 02:45.498 --> 02:49.802 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BUT EBOLA IS SEEMINGLY MORE AND 02:49.802 --> 02:51.204 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MORE ROOTED IN THE HUMAN 02:51.204 --> 02:52.405 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% POPULATION. 02:52.405 --> 02:53.673 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND I THINK THERE IS A QUESTION 02:53.673 --> 02:54.841 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AS TO WHETHER EBOLA COULD 02:54.841 --> 02:57.410 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CHANGE AND EVENTUALLY BECOME 02:57.410 --> 02:59.712 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ESTABLISHED AS A PERMANENT HUMAN 02:59.712 --> 03:00.713 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DISEASE. 03:00.713 --> 03:01.381 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> Sreenivasan: WOW. 03:01.381 --> 03:03.016 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WHAT-- THAT'S STARTLING. 03:03.016 --> 03:04.918 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WHAT ARE THE SORT OF CULTURAL 03:04.918 --> 03:06.619 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IMPEDIMENTS NOW TO TRYING TO 03:06.619 --> 03:07.887 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TREAT EBOLA? 03:07.887 --> 03:10.190 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I MEAN, WHETHER IT'S CIVIL WARS 03:10.190 --> 03:11.824 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OR WHETHER IT'S SOCIAL MEDIA, 03:11.824 --> 03:12.692 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES THAT 03:12.692 --> 03:13.960 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE'RE FACING IN TRYING TO GET A 03:13.960 --> 03:15.228 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% POPULATION ARMED WITH THE 03:15.228 --> 03:17.797 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INFORMATION TO BE ABLE TO SAY, 03:17.797 --> 03:19.032 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% "HERE'S WHAT YOU SHOULD DO, 03:19.032 --> 03:20.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HERE'S WHAT YOU SHOULD LOOK FOR, 03:20.233 --> 03:22.035 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HERE'S WHERE YOU SHOULD GO"? 03:22.035 --> 03:23.236 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> LET'S TALK ABOUT THE AMERICAN 03:23.236 --> 03:24.370 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% POPULATION. 03:24.370 --> 03:28.007 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LET'S TALK ABOUT NEW YORK CITY 03:28.007 --> 03:30.109 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BECAUSE THE PROBLEM OF EDUCATION 03:30.109 --> 03:32.979 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IS JUST AS DEEP HERE IN NEW YORK 03:32.979 --> 03:34.447 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AS IT IS ANYWHERE ELSE ON THE 03:34.447 --> 03:35.582 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PLANET. 03:35.582 --> 03:37.550 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO, I DID A LITTLE SURVEY, AND I 03:37.550 --> 03:39.786 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FOUND OUT THAT IN THE NEW YORK 03:39.786 --> 03:41.287 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CITY HOSPITALS, THERE ARE A 03:41.287 --> 03:43.923 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TOTAL OF EIGHT SO-CALLED "RED 03:43.923 --> 03:46.693 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ZONE BEDS" FOR PATIENTS WHO ARE 03:46.693 --> 03:47.727 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INFECTED WITH A HIGHLY 03:47.727 --> 03:49.929 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INFECTIOUS, LETHAL VIRUS FOR 03:49.929 --> 03:52.098 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WHICH THERE IS NO CURE AND NO 03:52.098 --> 03:54.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% VACCINE. 03:54.100 --> 03:55.535 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ONLY EIGHT BEDS. 03:55.535 --> 03:59.138 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND THERE ARE NOT ENOUGH TRAINED 03:59.138 --> 04:01.307 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HOSPITAL PERSONNEL TO HANDLE 04:01.307 --> 04:03.042 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MORE THAN ABOUT EIGHT PATIENTS. 04:03.042 --> 04:04.444 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WHEN THERE WAS ONE PATIENT WITH 04:04.444 --> 04:06.145 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EBOLA AT BELLEVUE HOSPITAL IN 04:06.145 --> 04:08.014 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NEW YORK CITY, THERE WAS A HUGE 04:08.014 --> 04:08.948 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TEAM THAT TREATED THE 04:08.948 --> 04:09.983 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INDIVIDUAL. 04:09.983 --> 04:11.684 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY SPENT MILLIONS OF DOLLARS 04:11.684 --> 04:13.453 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SAVING THAT PATIENT'S LIFE. 04:13.453 --> 04:16.356 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NOW, WHAT IF AN EMERGING VIRUS-- 04:16.356 --> 04:17.423 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I'M NOT NECESSARILY TALKING 04:17.423 --> 04:19.058 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ABOUT EBOLA, BUT SOMETHING 04:19.058 --> 04:20.560 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EBOLA-LIKE, AND THERE ARE MANY 04:20.560 --> 04:22.729 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OTHER KINDS OF VIRUSES THAT ARE 04:22.729 --> 04:24.931 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OUT THERE LURKING IN NATURE THAT 04:24.931 --> 04:26.499 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ARE MAKING THESE SO-CALLED 04:26.499 --> 04:28.368 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% "CROSS-SPECIES JUMPS." 04:28.368 --> 04:30.336 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY'RE COMING OUT OF ECOSYSTEMS 04:30.336 --> 04:32.071 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND GETTING INTO HUMANITY. 04:32.071 --> 04:34.941 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO, WHAT IF WE HAD 1,000 04:34.941 --> 04:38.945 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PATIENTS IN NEW YORK CITY WITH A 04:38.945 --> 04:41.247 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% REALLY HOT VIRUS? 04:41.247 --> 04:44.284 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WHAT IF WE HAD 10,000 PATIENTS? 04:44.284 --> 04:45.918 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WHAT YOU WOULD SEE IN A CITY 04:45.918 --> 04:47.387 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LIKE NEW YORK IN THE DEVELOPED 04:47.387 --> 04:49.489 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WORLD IS EXACTLY WHAT HAPPENED 04:49.489 --> 04:51.491 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IN, YOU KNOW, CITIES IN WEST 04:51.491 --> 04:54.627 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AFRICA WHEN EBOLA GOT INTO THEM. 04:54.627 --> 04:58.298 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOU WOULD SEE MEDICAL PERSONNEL 04:58.298 --> 05:00.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RISKING THEIR LIVES AND 05:00.166 --> 05:02.568 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SACRIFICING THEIR LIVES, A THIN 05:02.568 --> 05:05.271 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LINE OF DEFENSE. 05:05.271 --> 05:07.106 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE MEDICAL PEOPLE, THE DOCTORS, 05:07.106 --> 05:08.241 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE NURSES, WOULD REALLY BE 05:08.241 --> 05:09.409 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DYING. 05:09.409 --> 05:10.810 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY WOULD BE GOING INTO 05:10.810 --> 05:13.079 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HORRIFIC CONDITIONS TO TRY TO 05:13.079 --> 05:14.747 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SAVE PATIENTS, JUST AS WAS DONE 05:14.747 --> 05:16.049 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IN AFRICA. 05:16.049 --> 05:17.417 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND THEN, YOU WOULD HAVE-- YOU 05:17.417 --> 05:19.085 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CAN JUST IMAGINE THE 05:19.085 --> 05:21.521 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% POSSIBILITIES. 05:21.521 --> 05:22.355 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IN A WAY, THEY'RE SORT OF HARD 05:22.355 --> 05:23.523 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO IMAGINE. 05:23.523 --> 05:24.957 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BUT YOU WOULD HAVE PEOPLE TRYING 05:24.957 --> 05:27.160 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO LEAVE THE CITY IN LARGE 05:27.160 --> 05:27.927 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NUMBERS. 05:27.927 --> 05:29.729 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOU WOULD HAVE PEOPLE FLEEING 05:29.729 --> 05:31.331 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FROM HOSPITALS, AS HAPPENED IN 05:31.331 --> 05:32.165 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AFRICA. 05:32.165 --> 05:33.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NOBODY WOULD WANT TO GO TO THE 05:33.066 --> 05:34.334 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HOSPITALS BECAUSE THEY WOULD BE 05:34.334 --> 05:36.002 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HOT. 05:36.002 --> 05:37.270 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND, SO, PEOPLE WOULD BE DYING 05:37.270 --> 05:38.404 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IN APARTMENTS. 05:38.404 --> 05:39.839 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND THE WAY IT WORKS IN NEW YORK 05:39.839 --> 05:42.375 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CITY IS THAT THE FIRE DEPARTMENT 05:42.375 --> 05:44.777 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HAS SPECIAL HAZ-TAG TEAMS THAT 05:44.777 --> 05:46.813 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ARE TRAINED TO GO IN AND BRING 05:46.813 --> 05:49.382 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OUT A BIOHAZARDOUS PATIENT OR A 05:49.382 --> 05:51.751 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BIOHAZARDOUS CORPSE AND DELIVER 05:51.751 --> 05:52.618 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT PROPERLY. 05:52.618 --> 05:53.886 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> Sreenivasan: WHAT ABOUT THE 05:53.886 --> 05:56.155 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MISEDUCATION, THE RUMORS, THE 05:56.155 --> 05:58.758 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CONSPIRACIES THAT KIND OF IMPEDE 05:58.758 --> 05:59.892 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT EDUCATION FOR THE REST OF 05:59.892 --> 06:01.227 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% US, THE CONSUMER CLASS? 06:01.227 --> 06:02.061 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND WE'RE WE'RE SEEING THESE 06:02.061 --> 06:03.930 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CHALLENGES ON MUCH MORE BASIC 06:03.930 --> 06:06.132 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% VACCINATIONS TOWARDS CHILDREN. 06:06.132 --> 06:06.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BUT WHEN YOU ADD THAT LAYER OF 06:06.933 --> 06:08.868 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FEAR, THAT "OH, MY GOSH, THIS IS 06:08.868 --> 06:10.236 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% A DEADLY VIRUS, IT'S AFFECTING 06:10.236 --> 06:12.672 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ADULTS OF ALL TYPES AND SHAPES 06:12.672 --> 06:15.942 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND SIZES," IT CAN BE WORSE. 06:15.942 --> 06:16.676 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> YES, IT IS. 06:16.676 --> 06:18.878 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND, UNFORTUNATELY, SOCIAL MEDIA 06:18.878 --> 06:21.047 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HAS PLAYED A-- I THINK A VERY 06:21.047 --> 06:22.448 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DAMAGING ROLE IN THESE 06:22.448 --> 06:23.616 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SITUATIONS. 06:23.616 --> 06:26.519 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% JUST TO GIVE YOU AN EXAMPLE: IN 06:26.519 --> 06:28.254 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE CONGO OUTBREAK OF EBOLA, 06:28.254 --> 06:30.390 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WHICH IS GOING ON NOW, PEOPLE 06:30.390 --> 06:32.158 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THERE ARE VERY WELL-EDUCATED 06:32.158 --> 06:33.559 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PEOPLE. 06:33.559 --> 06:34.427 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY HAVE ACCESS TO THE 06:34.427 --> 06:35.728 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INTERNET. 06:35.728 --> 06:37.463 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY READ "LA MONDE," THE MEDIA 06:37.463 --> 06:40.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FROM PARIS, AND THEY USE A LOT 06:40.166 --> 06:41.768 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OF SOCIAL MEDIA. 06:41.768 --> 06:43.436 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND A LOT OF RUMORS GO AROUND ON 06:43.436 --> 06:44.437 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SOCIAL MEDIA THAT ARE NOT 06:44.437 --> 06:46.072 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CORRECT ABOUT HOW YOU CAN 06:46.072 --> 06:47.974 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PROTECT YOURSELF AGAINST EBOLA, 06:47.974 --> 06:49.675 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OR, YOU KNOW, PARANOID RUMORS 06:49.675 --> 06:50.843 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ABOUT THE DOCTORS THAT ARE 06:50.843 --> 06:52.044 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TREATING EBOLA. 06:52.044 --> 06:54.147 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND I FEAR OR SUSPECT THAT THE 06:54.147 --> 06:55.681 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SAME THING WOULD BE GOING ON IN 06:55.681 --> 06:57.550 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE UNITED STATES IF A 06:57.550 --> 07:00.253 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BIO-SAFETY LEVEL-FOUR HOT VIRUS 07:00.253 --> 07:02.855 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% GOT GOING IN THE POPULATION. 07:02.855 --> 07:03.923 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> Sreenivasan: THE FRONTLINE 07:03.923 --> 07:06.058 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PHYSICIANS AND AID WORKERS THAT 07:06.058 --> 07:08.628 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ARE IN THE FIELD, OFTENTIMES-- 07:08.628 --> 07:09.662 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ESPECIALLY IN AREAS LIKE 07:09.662 --> 07:11.931 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AFRICA-- THE NARRATIVE IS THAT, 07:11.931 --> 07:13.065 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WELL, THE AMERICANS OR THE 07:13.065 --> 07:14.667 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EUROPEANS COME IN AND THEY'RE 07:14.667 --> 07:16.102 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SAVING ALL THE AFRICANS. 07:16.102 --> 07:18.070 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BUT REALLY, IN YOUR BOOKS, WHAT 07:18.070 --> 07:20.506 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOU'RE SHOWING ALSO IS THAT IT'S 07:20.506 --> 07:22.175 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AFRICAN DOCTORS THAT ARE DOING 07:22.175 --> 07:24.210 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE HARD, HORRIBLE WORK, RIGHT? 07:24.210 --> 07:26.345 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> ABSOLUTELY. 07:26.345 --> 07:27.747 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOU KNOW, THERE'S THIS CLICHE 07:27.747 --> 07:30.049 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT, YOU KNOW, THE PEOPLE FROM 07:30.049 --> 07:31.284 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE DEVELOPED WORLD, THE WHITE 07:31.284 --> 07:33.286 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PEOPLE, COME INTO AFRICA AND 07:33.286 --> 07:35.288 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY SAVE HAPLESS AFRICANS. 07:35.288 --> 07:36.856 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BUT "CRISIS IN THE RED ZONE" IS 07:36.856 --> 07:38.624 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ABOUT SOMETHING DIFFERENT. 07:38.624 --> 07:40.393 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I TAKE A MAGNIFYING CLASS, AND I 07:40.393 --> 07:43.029 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PUT IT ON A SMALL, FORGOTTEN 07:43.029 --> 07:44.530 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HOSPITAL IN AFRICA THAT WAS 07:44.530 --> 07:46.532 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DEVASTATED BY EBOLA. 07:46.532 --> 07:47.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND IN THAT HOSPITAL, YOU HAD 07:47.733 --> 07:49.469 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AMERICAN DOCTORS AND MEDICAL 07:49.469 --> 07:51.871 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PEOPLE, SCIENTISTS AND AFRICAN 07:51.871 --> 07:53.739 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SCIENTISTS, DOCTORS AND MEDICAL 07:53.739 --> 07:57.443 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PEOPLE FIGHTING THIS DREADFUL 07:57.443 --> 07:59.345 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% VIRUS IN THE HOSPITAL, WHICH 07:59.345 --> 08:00.680 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% KILLED A LOT OF THE STAFF. 08:00.680 --> 08:02.148 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY WERE PUTTING THEIR LIVES ON 08:02.148 --> 08:05.551 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE LINE, OFTEN SACRIFICING 08:05.551 --> 08:06.586 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEIR LIVES, GOING INTO 08:06.586 --> 08:08.454 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SITUATIONS WHERE THEY KNEW THEY 08:08.454 --> 08:10.289 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WERE PROBABLY GOING TO DIE, IN 08:10.289 --> 08:11.457 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AN EFFORT TO SAVE A PATIENT'S 08:11.457 --> 08:12.225 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LIFE. 08:12.225 --> 08:14.026 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> Sreenivasan: IS THERE A 08:14.026 --> 08:15.795 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LESSON WE CAN LEARN FROM WHAT 08:15.795 --> 08:16.295 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HAPPENS? 08:16.295 --> 08:17.263 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I MEAN, SOME OF THE ETHICAL 08:17.263 --> 08:18.364 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DILEMMAS AND CHALLENGES? 08:18.364 --> 08:20.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IF YOU'VE GOT A VACCINE, DO YOU 08:20.233 --> 08:21.367 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SAVE A DOCTOR? 08:21.367 --> 08:22.668 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DO YOU SAVE A PATIENT? 08:22.668 --> 08:24.837 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> IN THE FACE OF A CRISIS, THE 08:24.837 --> 08:26.005 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MEDICAL PEOPLE AT THIS LITTLE 08:26.005 --> 08:28.908 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HOSPITAL FACED TERRIBLE ETHICAL 08:28.908 --> 08:31.744 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CHOICES, CHOICES THAT NO DOCTOR 08:31.744 --> 08:33.613 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SHOULD EVER HAVE TO MAKE; 08:33.613 --> 08:35.648 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CHOICES IN WHICH, YOU KNOW, THE 08:35.648 --> 08:37.683 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HIPPOCRATIC OATH SAYS, "FIRST, 08:37.683 --> 08:39.385 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DO NO HARM," BUT THESE WERE 08:39.385 --> 08:40.887 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CHOICES WHERE THE DOCTORS, NO 08:40.887 --> 08:42.054 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MATTER WHAT THEY DID, THEY WERE 08:42.054 --> 08:44.657 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% GOING TO CAUSE HARM, AND IT WAS 08:44.657 --> 08:46.726 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% A LIFE-OR-DEATH CRISIS. 08:46.726 --> 08:47.326 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> Sreenivasan: RICHARD 08:47.326 --> 08:48.594 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PRESTON IS THE AUTHOR. 08:48.594 --> 08:49.629 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE BOOK IS CALLED "CRISIS IN 08:49.629 --> 08:50.329 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE RED ZONE." 08:50.329 --> 08:52.064 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THANKS SO MUCH FOR JOINING US. 08:52.064 --> 08:53.132 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> GREAT TO BE WITH YOU.