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>> Thompson: THE UNITED NATIONS

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00:00:01,668 --> 00:00:04,104
ESTIMATES THAT BY THE YEAR 2050,

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00:00:04,104 --> 00:00:05,672
THE WORLD'S POPULATION WILL GROW

4
00:00:05,672 --> 00:00:07,774
FROM TODAY'S 7.5 BILLION PEOPLE

5
00:00:07,774 --> 00:00:09,876
TO NEARLY TEN BILLION.

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00:00:09,876 --> 00:00:11,778
AND AS NATURAL RESOURCES LIKE

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00:00:11,778 --> 00:00:13,346
FARMLAND AND WATER BECOME

8
00:00:13,346 --> 00:00:15,115
SCARCE, FEEDING EVERYONE WILL

9
00:00:15,115 --> 00:00:16,249
BECOME AN EVEN GREATER

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CHALLENGE.

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IN TONIGHT'S SIGNATURE SEGMENT,

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NEWSHOUR WEEKEND'S IVETTE

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FELICIANO REPORTS ON HOW THERE

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MIGHT A SOLUTION WELL UNDER WAY

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00:00:23,656 --> 00:00:24,858
IN THE NETHERLANDS.

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THIS STORY IS PART OF OUR

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00:00:26,126 --> 00:00:27,827
ONGOING SERIES, "PERIL AND

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00:00:27,827 --> 00:00:30,730
PROMISE: THE CHALLENGE OF

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00:00:29,362 --> 00:00:31,798
CLIMATE CHANGE."

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>> Reporter: JUST SOUTH OF THE

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00:00:32,499 --> 00:00:34,067
HAGUE, IN THE WESTLAND REGION OF

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00:00:34,067 --> 00:00:35,802
THE NETHERLANDS, MILES UPON

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MILES OF GREENHOUSES ARE SPREAD

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00:00:37,837 --> 00:00:39,305
ACROSS THE LANDSCAPE.

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THEY'VE BEEN BUILT BY DUTCH

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FARMERS AS PART OF A 20-YEAR

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MOVEMENT BY THE COUNTRY TO

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PURSUE SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

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BY GROWING INDOORS.

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DUTCH FARMER HANS ZWINKEL GROWS

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TOMATOES IN TWO GREENHOUSES THAT

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COVER 20 ACRES OF LAND.

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HIS ANNUAL HARVEST OF

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2.5 MILLION POUNDS OF TOMATOES

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IS MORE THAN DOUBLE THE AVERAGE

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YIELD OF AN OUTDOOR FARM.

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>> THE PLANT STARTED OVER THERE

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AS A SMALL PLANT, STANDS ABOUT

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FIVE METERS, SIX METERS FURTHER.

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>> Reporter: ZWINKEL AND GROWERS

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LIKE HIM ACHIEVE HIGH YIELDS BY

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CONTROLLING THE CLIMATE AND

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WATER FOR THEIR CROPS UNDER

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GLASS.

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00:01:16,509 --> 00:01:18,078
FILTRATION SYSTEMS ALLOW THEM TO

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COLLECT AND RECYCLE THE PLANTS'

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00:01:19,579 --> 00:01:20,980
WATER SUPPLY.

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CROPS RECEIVE DIRECT SUNLIGHT,

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SUPPLEMENTED AS NEEDED BY

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ARTIFICIAL LIGHT, AND ARE

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PROTECTED FROM UNPREDICTABLE

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WEATHER EVENTS AND INSECTS,

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WHICH ALMOST COMPLETELY

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ELIMINATES THE USE OF CHEMICAL

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PESTICIDES.

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>> IT'S NICE TO SEE THE PLANTS

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GROW.

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YOU... IT GIVES YOU ENERGY.

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>> Reporter: THESE INDOOR

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GROWING TECHNIQUES HAVE HELPED

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FOSTER AN INDOOR GROWING BOOM IN

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THE NETHERLANDS.

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GREENHOUSES NOW PRODUCE 35% OF

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THE COUNTRY'S VEGETABLES DESPITE

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OCCUPYING LESS THAN 1% OF ITS

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FARMLAND.

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THE NETHERLANDS' WAGENINGEN

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UNIVERSITY HAS LED MUCH OF THE

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RESEARCH ON HOW TO BEST GROW

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CROPS INDOORS.

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LEO MARCELIS, A PROFESSOR AT THE

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UNIVERSITY, SAYS THAT IN THE ERA

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OF CLIMATE CHANGE, THE DUTCH

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AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION NEEDS TO

75
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MOVE BEYOND GREENHOUSES, WHICH

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STILL RELY ON SOME OUTSIDE

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FORCES LIKE SUNLIGHT.

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>> WE WANTED TO CONTROL THE

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PRODUCTION PROCESS, THAT WE CAN

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CONTROL THE YIELD, THE QUALITY,

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THAT WE CAN GIVE GUARANTEES

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TOWARDS THE CONSUMERS.

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ALTHOUGH WE CAN CONTROL A LOT,

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WE'RE STILL DEPENDENT ON THE

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OUTDOOR CONDITIONS.

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SO, THE NEXT STEP WOULD BE TO

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HAVE A FURTHER CONTROL SO WE

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CAN, IN FACT, GUARANTEE HOW MUCH

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PRODUCE WE WILL HAVE TOMORROW OR

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ON ANY DATE OF THE... OF THE

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00:02:35,155 --> 00:02:38,391
YEAR, OF A GUARANTEED QUALITY.

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>> Reporter: MARCELIS IS NOW

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EXPERIMENTING WITH INDOOR

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VERTICAL FARMING, GROWING

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PLANTS STACKED ON SHELVES TO

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MAXIMIZE SPACE AND COMPLETELY

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CUT-OFF FROM THE OUTSIDE.

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AS IN MANY GREENHOUSES, WATER

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FOR THE PLANTS IS DRAINED,

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COLLECTED AND REUSED, REDUCING

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THEIR DEPENDENCE ON AN OUTSIDE

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WATER SOURCE.

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AND INSTEAD OF SUNLIGHT, THE

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RESEARCHERS USE LEDs, LIGHT

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BULBS THAT CAN REPLICATE SOLAR

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LIGHT IN A VARIETY OF COLORS AND

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INTENSITIES.

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>> WHETHER WE ARE GROWING

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TOMATOES, WHETHER IT'S ABOUT

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GETTING FRUITS, OR WHETHER IT'S

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A LETTUCE OR A LEAFY VEGETABLES,

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YOU CAN IMAGINE THAT YOU WANT A

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DIFFERENT TYPE OF PLANT, AND

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THAT MAY REQUIRE THEREFORE A

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DIFFERENT LIGHT.

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WITH LEDs, WE CAN ALSO PUT THEM

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IN BETWEEN THE PLANTS, AND

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THAT'S VERY GOOD BECAUSE USUALLY

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THERE IS MAYBE TOO MUCH LIGHT ON

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THE TOP BUT INSUFFICIENT AT THE

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BOTTOM.

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SO, WE CAN HAVE A MUCH BETTER

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DISTRIBUTION OF THE LIGHT IN THE

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PLANT.

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>> Reporter: BUT GROWING INDOORS

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ISN'T CHEAP.

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MARCELIS SAYS A QUARTER OF THE

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EXPENSES FOR INDOOR GROWERS IN

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THE NETHERLANDS RELATE TO

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CONSTRUCTION, SOMETHING FARMERS

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WHO GROW IN FIELDS DON'T HAVE TO

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WORRY ABOUT.

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THEN, THERE'S THE ENERGY COSTS

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OF ROUND-THE-CLOCK CLIMATE

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CONTROL AND ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING.

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BUT MARCELIS SAYS A KEY

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ADVANTAGE TO INDOOR FARMING IS

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THAT BY CREATING IDEAL GROWING

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CONDITIONS AND MAXIMIZING SPACE,

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IT CAN PRODUCE MUCH HIGHER

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YIELDS-- IN SOME CASES, UP TO

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350 TIMES THE YIELD OF A

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CONVENTIONAL FARM OF THE SAME

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SIZE.

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>> WHAT REALLY MATTERS IS IF THE

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INCOME IS LARGER THAN THE COST.

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SO, IF THE INVESTMENT COSTS ARE

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HIGH AND ALSO THE OTHER COSTS

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ARE HIGH, WELL, IF THE INCOME IS

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THEN ALSO VERY HIGH, THEN IT IS

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ABOUT THE BALANCE.

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>> Reporter: MARCELIS SAYS ONE

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IMPORTANT PART OF THEIR WORK IS

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DEVELOPING TECHNIQUES THAT CAN

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BE REPLICATED ANYWHERE, EVEN IN

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00:04:25,398 --> 00:04:27,400
ARID CLIMATES LIKE THE MIDDLE

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EAST OR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA.

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THE UNITED NATIONS ESTIMATES AS

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THE WORLD'S POPULATION GROWS,

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GLOBAL FOOD DEMAND WILL RISE 70%

161
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BY 2050 EVEN AS THE AMOUNT OF

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WATER AND FARMABLE LAND SHRINKS

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DUE TO GLOBAL WARMING.

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THE NETHERLANDS IS ALREADY DOING

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ITS PART TO FEED THE WORLD.

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PROPELLED BY INDOOR FARMING,

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IT'S BECOME THE SECOND BIGGEST

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FOOD EXPORTER IN THE WORLD,

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ACCOUNTING FOR NEARLY

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$90 BILLION LAST YEAR.

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THIS IS ALL THE MORE ASTOUNDING

172
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GIVEN THAT THE NETHERLANDS IS

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LESS THAN 1% THE SIZE OF THE

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00:04:59,599 --> 00:05:01,401
UNITED STATES, THE WORLD'S

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NUMBER ONE FOOD EXPORTER, WHERE

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INDOOR FARMING IS ALSO GAINING A

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FOOTHOLD.

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HERE IN KENNETT TOWNSHIP,

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PENNSYLVANIA, MUSHROOM GROWERS

180
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HAVE BEEN USING INDOOR FARMING

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TECHNIQUES FOR OVER 100 YEARS

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AND TODAY PRODUCE HALF THE U.S.

183
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MUSHROOM CROP.

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AN HOUR OUTSIDE PHILADELPHIA,

185
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THIS SMALL COMMUNITY OF 8,000

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00:05:20,553 --> 00:05:22,689
PEOPLE HARVESTS HALF A BILLION

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POUNDS OF MUSHROOMS EVERY YEAR,

188
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ALL OF IT INDOORS AND AT A LOW

189
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COST OF ABOUT $1 PER POUND.

190
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>> WE INVESTED NINE YEARS AGO

191
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INTO A DUTCH-STYLE FARM.

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>> Reporter: CHRIS ALONZO OWNS

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THIS INDOOR FARM THAT USES

194
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VERTICAL FARMING METHODS SEEN IN

195
00:05:37,970 --> 00:05:38,938
THE NETHERLANDS.

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>> WE PUT IN ALUMINUM SHELVING

197
00:05:41,507 --> 00:05:42,909
INSTEAD OF WOODEN BEDS.

198
00:05:42,909 --> 00:05:44,744
WE INVESTED IN EQUIPMENT WHICH

199
00:05:44,744 --> 00:05:46,279
MADE THE JOB LESS LABOR

200
00:05:46,279 --> 00:05:47,180
INTENSIVE.

201
00:05:47,180 --> 00:05:48,848
WE HAVE HEAT IN THE ROOM, AIR

202
00:05:48,848 --> 00:05:50,116
CONDITIONING IN THE ROOM, AND

203
00:05:50,116 --> 00:05:51,117
AIR FLOW.

204
00:05:51,117 --> 00:05:53,786
AND WE USE THOSE TOOLS TO MAKE

205
00:05:53,786 --> 00:05:55,688
SURE THAT THE ROOM ENVIRONMENT

206
00:05:55,688 --> 00:05:57,457
IS SPECIFICALLY CONTROLLED FOR

207
00:05:57,457 --> 00:05:58,858
WHAT THE MUSHROOM LIKES.

208
00:05:58,858 --> 00:05:59,592
>> Reporter: USING THESE

209
00:05:59,592 --> 00:06:01,561
TECHNIQUES, ALONZO'S FACILITY

210
00:06:01,561 --> 00:06:03,296
ALONE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MORE

211
00:06:03,296 --> 00:06:05,665
THAN 1% OF THE NATION'S MUSHROOM

212
00:06:05,665 --> 00:06:08,101
CROP, GROWING 11 MILLION POUNDS

213
00:06:08,101 --> 00:06:10,002
OF MUSHROOMS A YEAR, PROTECTED

214
00:06:10,002 --> 00:06:11,571
FROM POTENTIALLY HARSH OUTDOOR

215
00:06:11,571 --> 00:06:12,839
CONDITIONS.

216
00:06:12,839 --> 00:06:13,873
>> THE ONLY DAY WE TAKE OFF IS

217
00:06:13,873 --> 00:06:15,074
CHRISTMAS.

218
00:06:15,074 --> 00:06:17,343
AND THE CONSUMER WANTS FRESH

219
00:06:17,343 --> 00:06:18,845
PRODUCE YEAR-ROUND, SO WE'RE

220
00:06:18,845 --> 00:06:20,480
ABLE TO MEET THE NEEDS TO HAVE

221
00:06:20,480 --> 00:06:22,782
LOCALLY GROWN PRODUCE ALL YEAR-

222
00:06:22,782 --> 00:06:25,084
ROUND, AS OPPOSED TO SOME CROPS

223
00:06:25,084 --> 00:06:26,119
WHERE THEY'RE ONLY GROWN

224
00:06:26,119 --> 00:06:27,086
SEASONALLY.

225
00:06:27,086 --> 00:06:28,020
THIS IS OUR ENVIRONMENTAL

226
00:06:28,020 --> 00:06:29,055
CONTROL UNIT.

227
00:06:29,055 --> 00:06:29,989
>> Reporter: ALONZO SAYS THE

228
00:06:29,989 --> 00:06:31,958
DIFFICULTY WITH INDOOR FARMING,

229
00:06:31,958 --> 00:06:33,826
AS WITH OUTDOOR FARMING, IS

230
00:06:33,826 --> 00:06:35,561
FINDING THE BALANCE BETWEEN YOUR

231
00:06:35,561 --> 00:06:36,996
HARVEST'S REVENUE AND ITS

232
00:06:36,996 --> 00:06:38,097
EXPENSES.

233
00:06:38,097 --> 00:06:39,165
>> SO, MUSHROOMS HAS BEEN

234
00:06:39,165 --> 00:06:40,600
SUSTAINABLE FOR... FOR

235
00:06:40,600 --> 00:06:41,868
GENERATIONS.

236
00:06:41,868 --> 00:06:45,204
HOWEVER, LAND IS AFFORDABLE

237
00:06:45,204 --> 00:06:47,440
BECAUSE MOTHER NATURE PROVIDES

238
00:06:47,440 --> 00:06:48,841
RAIN, MOTHER NATURE PROVIDES

239
00:06:48,841 --> 00:06:49,842
SUN.

240
00:06:49,842 --> 00:06:51,744
GROWING INDOORS IS VERY CAPITAL

241
00:06:51,744 --> 00:06:52,412
INTENSIVE.

242
00:06:52,412 --> 00:06:53,679
YOU HAVE THE BUILDING, YOU HAVE

243
00:06:53,679 --> 00:06:55,248
THE INFRASTRUCTURE, YOU HAVE

244
00:06:55,248 --> 00:06:56,582
ENERGY COSTS.

245
00:06:56,582 --> 00:06:58,551
BUT IF YOU CAN MAXIMIZE

246
00:06:58,551 --> 00:07:00,420
PRODUCTIVITY AND HAVING

247
00:07:00,420 --> 00:07:02,922
CONSISTENT QUALITY YEAR-ROUND,

248
00:07:02,922 --> 00:07:05,057
YES, IT'S ECONOMICALLY VIABLE,

249
00:07:05,057 --> 00:07:06,492
BUT THE MARGINS ARE STILL VERY

250
00:07:06,492 --> 00:07:07,226
TIGHT.

251
00:07:07,226 --> 00:07:08,394
>> Reporter: MOST INDOOR FARMERS

252
00:07:08,394 --> 00:07:10,263
CAN'T GROW AT THE SAME SCALE AS

253
00:07:10,263 --> 00:07:11,631
MUSHROOM FARMERS IN KENNETT

254
00:07:11,631 --> 00:07:12,598
TOWNSHIP.

255
00:07:12,598 --> 00:07:14,233
BUT WHERE THEY AND SOME VENTURE

256
00:07:14,233 --> 00:07:15,568
CAPITALISTS SEE THE FUTURE OF

257
00:07:15,568 --> 00:07:17,904
INDOOR AGRICULTURE LYING IS IN

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SMALL-SCALE URBAN PRODUCTION IN

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00:07:20,106 --> 00:07:21,641
AREAS WITH NO FARMING INDUSTRY

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OF THEIR OWN.

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>> THE PLACE WHERE WE'RE

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00:07:23,476 --> 00:07:25,111
STEPPING IN NOW IS TO SERVE

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00:07:25,111 --> 00:07:26,412
DEMAND THAT IS UNMET.

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00:07:26,412 --> 00:07:27,780
>> Reporter: 3,000 MILES WEST OF

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00:07:27,780 --> 00:07:29,782
ALONZO'S FARM, INDOOR FARMING

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00:07:29,782 --> 00:07:31,717
PIONEER MATT BARNARD HEADS A

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00:07:31,717 --> 00:07:33,619
MAJOR AGRICULTURE PROJECT IN SAN

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00:07:33,619 --> 00:07:35,721
FRANCISCO CALLED PLENTY.

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00:07:35,721 --> 00:07:37,490
ITS FARM IS A RETROFITTED FORMER

270
00:07:37,490 --> 00:07:39,459
WAREHOUSE, NOW WITH WALLS OF

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00:07:39,459 --> 00:07:40,960
FRESH VEGETABLES THAT STRETCH

272
00:07:40,960 --> 00:07:43,162
FOR 100,000 SQUARE FEET.

273
00:07:43,162 --> 00:07:45,064
CURRENTLY, IT GROWS LEAFY GREENS

274
00:07:45,064 --> 00:07:46,799
LIKE SPINACH AND KALE, THE

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00:07:46,799 --> 00:07:48,334
EASIEST AND MOST AFFORDABLE

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00:07:48,334 --> 00:07:50,369
CROPS TO GROW INDOORS, BUT IT

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00:07:50,369 --> 00:07:51,938
WILL SOON START GROWING TOMATOES

278
00:07:51,938 --> 00:07:53,673
AND STRAWBERRIES, AS WELL.

279
00:07:53,673 --> 00:07:55,274
THE PLANTS GROW DIRECTLY OUT OF

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00:07:55,274 --> 00:07:57,009
VERTICAL COLUMNS.

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00:07:57,009 --> 00:07:58,845
SIMILAR TO DUTCH RESEARCHERS,

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00:07:58,845 --> 00:08:00,746
THE COMPANY ALSO USES LED

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00:08:00,746 --> 00:08:02,448
LIGHTS, WATER RECYCLING AND

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00:08:02,448 --> 00:08:04,016
CLIMATE CONTROL.

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00:08:04,016 --> 00:08:06,152
NO GENETICALLY MODIFIED SEEDS OR

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00:08:06,152 --> 00:08:07,553
PESTICIDES ARE USED IN

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00:08:07,553 --> 00:08:08,788
PRODUCTION.

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00:08:08,788 --> 00:08:10,456
INSTEAD, IT'S THE ENVIRONMENT

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00:08:10,456 --> 00:08:12,058
THAT'S MODIFIED, CAREFULLY

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00:08:12,058 --> 00:08:13,759
CRAFTED AROUND EACH TYPE OF

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00:08:13,759 --> 00:08:15,394
PLANT TO GIVE THEM THE IDEAL

292
00:08:15,394 --> 00:08:16,929
CONDITIONS FOR GROWING.

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00:08:16,929 --> 00:08:17,997
>> THE ADVANTAGES THAT WE FIND

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00:08:17,997 --> 00:08:21,434
ARE BECAUSE OF THAT CONTROL.

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00:08:21,434 --> 00:08:22,835
WE, FOR EXAMPLE, DON'T HAVE TO

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00:08:22,835 --> 00:08:24,036
USE PESTICIDES.

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00:08:24,036 --> 00:08:25,638
INSTEAD OF USING 15 GALLONS OF

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00:08:25,638 --> 00:08:27,273
WATER TO PRODUCE ONE HEAD OF

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00:08:27,273 --> 00:08:29,609
LETTUCE, WE USE LESS THAN ONE-

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00:08:29,609 --> 00:08:30,643
FIFTH OF A GALLON TO PRODUCE

301
00:08:30,643 --> 00:08:31,777
THAT SAME HEAD OF LETTUCE.

302
00:08:31,777 --> 00:08:32,845
SO, WE'RE SAVING A SIGNIFICANT

303
00:08:32,845 --> 00:08:33,813
AMOUNT OF WATER.

304
00:08:33,813 --> 00:08:35,481
AND WE CAN ACTUALLY INFLUENCE

305
00:08:35,481 --> 00:08:37,283
THE WAY THE FOOD TASTES BY

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00:08:37,283 --> 00:08:38,551
MAKING SURE IT HAS EXACTLY THE

307
00:08:38,551 --> 00:08:40,520
RIGHT NUTRIENT RECIPE, THE RIGHT

308
00:08:40,520 --> 00:08:43,389
LIGHT RECIPE, THE RIGHT WATER

309
00:08:43,389 --> 00:08:44,123
RECIPE.

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00:08:44,123 --> 00:08:45,024
>> Reporter: PLENTY HOPES TO

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00:08:45,024 --> 00:08:47,026
BECOME AN INDUSTRY LEADER IN

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00:08:47,026 --> 00:08:48,461
INDOOR FARMING.

313
00:08:48,461 --> 00:08:49,829
THE COMPANY RECENTLY RECEIVED

314
00:08:49,829 --> 00:08:52,632
$200 MILLION OF PRIVATE FUNDING,

315
00:08:52,632 --> 00:08:53,866
WHICH IT PLANS TO SPEND ON

316
00:08:53,866 --> 00:08:55,635
BUILDING FARMS IN THE TEN MOST

317
00:08:55,635 --> 00:08:57,169
POPULOUS AMERICAN CITIES AND

318
00:08:57,169 --> 00:08:59,338
HUNDREDS MORE WORLDWIDE.

319
00:08:59,338 --> 00:09:01,607
BUT, AS IN THE NETHERLANDS,

320
00:09:01,607 --> 00:09:03,376
PLENTY HAS TO OVERCOME CERTAIN

321
00:09:03,376 --> 00:09:05,378
CHALLENGES-- THE UP-FRONT COST

322
00:09:05,378 --> 00:09:07,079
OF BUILDING OR RETROFITTING

323
00:09:07,079 --> 00:09:08,814
INDOOR SPACES SUITABLE FOR

324
00:09:08,814 --> 00:09:11,083
FARMING, AND THE ENERGY COSTS OF

325
00:09:11,083 --> 00:09:12,552
INDOOR LIGHTING AND CLIMATE

326
00:09:12,552 --> 00:09:13,586
CONTROL.

327
00:09:13,586 --> 00:09:15,488
BUT MATT BARNARD BELIEVES THAT

328
00:09:15,488 --> 00:09:17,189
THE ADVANCES THAT HAVE BEEN MADE

329
00:09:17,189 --> 00:09:19,091
IN INDOOR AGRICULTURE WILL MAKE

330
00:09:19,091 --> 00:09:20,927
IT A KEY PLAYER IN FEEDING THE

331
00:09:20,927 --> 00:09:23,095
WORLD'S EVER-GROWING POPULATION.

332
00:09:23,095 --> 00:09:25,231
>> WE'VE ADDED, YOU KNOW, SIX

333
00:09:25,231 --> 00:09:27,300
BILLION PEOPLE SINCE THE TRACTOR

334
00:09:27,300 --> 00:09:28,901
CAME AROUND, AND SO WE BELIEVE

335
00:09:28,901 --> 00:09:30,436
THIS IS ONE OF THE CORE

336
00:09:30,436 --> 00:09:33,039
INNOVATIONS THAT'LL HELP US, YOU

337
00:09:33,039 --> 00:09:34,040
KNOW, SERVE THE NEXT TWO TO

338
00:09:34,040 --> 00:09:35,975
THREE BILLION PEOPLE THAT WE ADD

339
00:09:35,074 --> 00:09:36,008
TO THE PLANET.